System (from Latin ''systēma'', in turn from Greek '''' systēma, "whole compounded of several parts or members, system", literary "composition") is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole.

A system is a set of elements and relationships which are different from relationships of the set or its elements to other elements or sets.

Fields that study the general properties of systems include systems theory, cybernetics, dynamical systems, thermodynamics and complex systems. They investigate the abstract properties of systems' matter and organization, looking for concepts and principles that are independent of domain, substance, type, or temporal scale.

Most systems share common characteristics, including:

Systems have structure, defined by components and their composition;

Systems have behavior, which involves inputs, processing and outputs of material, energy, information, or data;

Systems have interconnectivity: the various parts of a system have functional as well as structural relationships to each other.

Systems may have some functions or groups of functions

The term ''system'' may also refer to a set of rules that governs structure and/or behavior.

History

The word ''system'' in its meaning here, has a long history which can be traced back to Plato (''Philebus''), Aristotle (''Politics'') and Euclid (''Elements''). It had meant "total", "crowd" or "union" in even more ancient times, as it derives from the verb ''sunìstemi'', uniting, putting together.

In the 19th century the first to develop the concept of a "system" in the natural sciences was the French physicist Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot who studied thermodynamics. In 1824 he studied the system which he called the ''working substance'', i.e. typically a body of water vapor, in steam engines, in regards to the system's ability to do work when heat is applied to it. The working substance could be put in contact with either a boiler, a cold reservoir (a stream of cold water), or a piston (to which the working body could do work by pushing on it). In 1850, the German physicist Rudolf Clausius generalized this picture to include the concept of the surroundings and began to use the term "working body" when referring to the system.

One of the pioneers of the general systems theory was the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy. In 1945 he introduced ''models, principles, and laws that apply to generalized systems or their subclasses, irrespective of their particular kind, the nature of their component elements, and the relation or 'forces' between them.''

Significant development to the concept of a ''system'' was done by Norbert Wiener and Ross Ashby who pioneered the use of mathematics to study systems.

In the 1980s the term complex adaptive system was coined at the interdisciplinary Santa Fe Institute by John H. Holland, Murray Gell-Mann and others.

System concepts

;Environment and boundaries :Systems theory views the world as a complex system of interconnected parts. We scope a system by defining its boundary; this means choosing which entities are inside the system and which are outside - part of the environment. We then make simplified representations (models) of the system in order to understand it and to predict or impact its future behavior. These models may define the structure and/or the behavior of the system.

;Natural and man-made systems :There are natural and man-made (designed) systems. Natural systems may not have an apparent objective but their outputs can be interpreted as purposes. Man-made systems are made with purposes that are achieved by the delivery of outputs. Their parts must be related; they must be “designed to work as a coherent entity” - else they would be two or more distinct systems.

;Theoretical Framework :An open system exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings. Most systems are open systems; like a car, coffeemaker, or computer. A closed system exchanges energy, but not matter, with its environment; like Earth or the project Biosphere2 or 3. An isolated system exchanges neither matter nor energy with its environment. A theoretical example of such system is the Universe.

;Process and transformation process :A system can also be viewed as a bounded transformation process, that is, a process or collection of processes that transforms inputs into outputs. Inputs are consumed; outputs are produced. The concept of input and output here is very broad. E.g., an output of a passenger ship is the movement of people from departure to destination.

;Subsystem :A ''subsystem'' is a set of elements, which is a system itself, and a component of a larger system.

;System Model :A system comprises multiple views. For the man-made systems it may be such views as planning, requirement (analysis), design, implementation, deployment, structure, behavior, input data, and output data views. A system model is required to describe and represent all these multiple views.

;System Architecture :A system architecture, using one single integrated model for the description of multiple views such as planning, requirement (analysis), design, implementation, deployment, structure, behavior, input data, and output data views, is a kind of system model.

Elements of System

Following are considered as the elements of a system in terms of Information systems: -

# Inputs and Outputs # Processor # Control # Environment # Feedback # Boundaries and Interface

Types of systems

Systems are classified in different ways: # Physical or Abstract systems # Open or Closed systems # 'Man-made' Information systems # Formal Information systems # Informal Information systems # Computer Based Information systems

Physical systems are tangible entities that may be static or dynamic in operation. For Example, the physical parts of the computer center are the offices , desk and chairs that facilitate operation of the computer. They can be seen and counted as they are static. In contrast, a programmed computer is a dynamic demands or the priority of the information requested changes. Abstract systems are conceptual or non physical entities.

An open system has many interfaces with its environment. i.e. system that interacts freely with its environment, taking input and returning output. It permits interaction across its boundary; it receives inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside. A closed system does not interact with the environment; changes in the environment and adaptability are not issues for closed system. -------------------------------------------------------------------------A$- Evidently, there are many types of systems that can be analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. For example, with an analysis of urban systems dynamics, [A.W. Steiss] defines five intersecting systems, including the physical subsystem and behavioral system. For sociological models influenced by systems theory, where Kenneth D. Bailey defines systems in terms of conceptual, concrete and abstract systems; either isolated, closed, or open, Walter F. Buckley defines social systems in sociology in terms of mechanical, organic, and process models. Bela H. Banathy cautions that with any inquiry into a system that understanding the type of system is crucial and defines Natural and Designed systems.

In offering these more global definitions, the author maintains that it is important not to confuse one for the other. The theorist explains that natural systems include sub-atomic systems, living systems, the solar system, the galactic system and the Universe. Designed systems are our creations, our physical structures, hybrid systems which include natural and designed systems, and our conceptual knowledge. The human element of organization and activities are emphasized with their relevant abstract systems and representations. A key consideration in making distinctions among various types of systems is to determine how much freedom the system has to select purpose, goals, methods, tools, etc. and how widely is the freedom to select itself distributed (or concentrated) in the system.

George J. Klir maintains that no "classification is complete and perfect for all purposes," and defines systems in terms of abstract, real, and conceptual physical systems, bounded and unbounded systems, discrete to continuous, pulse to hybrid systems, et cetera. The interaction between systems and their environments are categorized in terms of relatively closed, and open systems. It seems most unlikely that an absolutely closed system can exist or, if it did, that it could be known by us. Important distinctions have also been made between hard and soft systems. Hard systems are associated with areas such as systems engineering, operations research and quantitative systems analysis. Soft systems are commonly associated with concepts developed by Peter Checkland and Brian Wilson through Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) involving methods such as action research and emphasizing participatory designs. Where hard systems might be identified as more "scientific," the distinction between them is actually often hard to define.

Cultural system

A cultural system may be defined as the interaction of different elements of culture. While a cultural system is quite different from a social system, sometimes both systems together are referred to as the sociocultural system. A major concern in the social sciences is the problem of order. One way that social order has been theorized is according to the degree of integration of cultural and social factors.

Economic system

An economic system is a mechanism (social institution) which deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a particular society. The economic system is composed of people, institutions and their relationships to resources, such as the convention of property. It addresses the problems of economics, like the allocation and scarcity of resources.

Application of the system concept

Systems modeling is generally a basic principle in engineering and in social sciences. The system is the representation of the entities under concern. Hence inclusion to or exclusion from system context is dependent of the intention of the modeler.

No model of a system will include all features of the real system of concern, and no model of a system must include all entities belonging to a real system of concern.

Systems in information and computer science

In computer science and information science, system is a software system which has components as its structure and observable Inter-process communications as its behavior. Again, an example will illustrate: There are systems of counting, as with Roman numerals, and various systems for filing papers, or catalogues, and various library systems, of which the Dewey Decimal System is an example. This still fits with the definition of components which are connected together (in this case in order to facilitate the flow of information).

System can also be used referring to a framework, be it software or hardware, designed to allow software programs to run, see platform.

Systems in engineering and physics

In engineering and physics, a physical system is the portion of the universe that is being studied (of which a thermodynamic system is one major example). Engineering also has the concept of a system that refers to all of the parts and interactions between parts of a complex project. Systems engineering refers to the branch of engineering that studies how this type of system should be planned, designed, implemented, built, and maintained.

Systems in social and cognitive sciences and management research

Social and cognitive sciences recognize systems in human person models and in human societies. They include human brain functions and human mental processes as well as normative ethics systems and social/cultural behavioral patterns.

In management science, operations research and organizational development (OD), human organizations are viewed as systems (conceptual systems) of interacting components such as subsystems or system aggregates, which are carriers of numerous complex business processes (organizational behaviors) and organizational structures. Organizational development theorist Peter Senge developed the notion of organizations as systems in his book ''The Fifth Discipline''.

Systems thinking is a style of thinking/reasoning and problem solving. It starts from the recognition of system properties in a given problem. It can be a leadership competency. Some people can ''think globally while acting locally''. Such people consider the potential consequences of their decisions on other parts of larger systems. This is also a basis of systemic coaching in psychology.

Organizational theorists such as Margaret Wheatley have also described the workings of organizational systems in new metaphoric contexts, such as quantum physics, chaos theory, and the self-organization of systems.

Systems applied to strategic thinking

In 1988, military strategist, John A. Warden III introduced his Five Ring System model in his book, ''The Air Campaign'' contending that any complex system could be broken down into five concentric rings. Each ring—Leadership, Processes, Infrastructure, Population and Action Units—could be used to isolate key elements of any system that needed change. The model was used effectively by Air Force planners in the First Gulf War. In the late 1990s, Warden applied this five ring model to business strategy.

See also

;Examples of systems

List of systems (WikiProject)

physical system

conceptual system

Complex system

Formal system

Information system

Meta-system

Solar System

Systems in human anatomy

Market

;Theories about systems

Chaos theory

Cybernetics

Systems ecology

Systems engineering

Systems psychology

Systems theory

Thermodynamic systems

;Related topics

Glossary of systems theory

Complexity theory and organizations

Network (disambiguation)

System of systems (engineering)

Systems art

References

Further reading

Alexander Backlund (2000). "The definition of system". In: ''Kybernetes'' Vol. 29 nr. 4, pp. 444–451.

Kenneth D. Bailey (1994). ''Sociology and the New Systems Theory: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis''. New York: State of New York Press.

Bela H. Banathy (1997). "A Taste of Systemics", ISSS The Primer Project.

Walter F. Buckley (1967). '' Sociology and Modern Systems Theory'', New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs.

Peter Checkland (1997). ''Systems Thinking, Systems Practice''. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Robert L. Flood (1999). ''Rethinking the Fifth Discipline: Learning within the unknowable''. London: Routledge.

George J. Klir (1969). Approach to General Systems Theory, 1969.

Brian Wilson (1980). ''Systems: Concepts, methodologies and Applications'', John Wiley

Brian Wilson (2001). ''Soft Systems Methodology—Conceptual model building and its contribution'', J.H.Wiley.

Beynon-Davies P. (2009). ''Business Information + Systems''. Palgrave, Basingstoke. ISBN 978-0-230-20368-6

External links

''Definitions of Systems and Models'' by Michael Pidwirny, 1999-2007.

''Definitionen von "System" (1572-2002)'' by Roland Müller, 2001-2007 (most in German).

Theory and Practical Exercises of System Dynamics by Juan Martin (also in Spanish)

Category:Cybernetics Category:Systems theory Category:Systems science Category:Greek loanwords

ar:نظام az:Sistem be:Сістэма bar:System bs:Sistem bg:Система ca:Sistema cs:Systém da:System de:System et:Süsteem el:Σύστημα es:Sistema eo:Sistemo eu:Sistema fa:سامانه fr:Système gl:Sistema ko:계 (물리학) kk:Жүйе hi:तंत्र (सिस्टम) hr:Sustav io:Sistemo id:Sistem is:Kerfi it:Sistema he:מערכת ka:სისტემა ku:Pergall la:Systema lv:Sistēma lt:Sistema hu:Rendszer mk:Систем nl:Systeem (wetenschap) ja:システム nn:System mhr:Радамлык pl:System pt:Sistema ru:Система sq:Sistemi simple:System sk:Systém (kybernetika) sl:Sistem ckb:سیستەم sr:Систем sh:Sistem fi:Järjestelmä (systeemiteoria) sv:System sn:Gumbapamwe tl:Paraan ta:ஒருங்கியம் tr:Sistem uk:Система vi:Hệ thống yi:סיסטעם zh:系統

Coordinates	19°2′2.04″N65°15′45.36″N
name	Chester Bennington
birth name	Chester Charles Bennington
birth date	March 20, 1976
origin	Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.
instrument	Vocals, guitar, keyboard, drums
genre	Alternative rock, nu metal, alternative metal, alternative hip hop, hard rock, rap rock, rap metal, electronic rock, post-grunge
occupation	Musician, singer-songwriter, actor
years active	1993–present
label	Warner Bros.
website	www.cbennington.com
associated acts	Linkin Park, Dead by Sunrise, Grey Daze
background	solo_singer }}

Chester Charles Bennington (born March 20, 1976) is an American musician, singer-songwriter and actor. He is best known as the lead vocalist and songwriter of the rock band Linkin Park.

Bennington became known as a vocalist with Linkin Park's debut album, ''Hybrid Theory'', in 2000, which was a massive commercial success. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005, making it the best-selling debut album of the decade. Linkin Park's following studio albums, ''Meteora'', ''Minutes to Midnight'', and ''A Thousand Suns'', released in , 2003, 2007, and 2010 respectively, continued the band's success. Bennington formed his own band, Dead by Sunrise as a side-project in 2005. The band's debut album, ''Out of Ashes'' was released on October 13, 2009. In 2007, Bennington was placed at #46 on'' Hit Parader''s list of "Heavy Metal's All-Time Top 100 Vocalists".

Early life

Bennington was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He attended Greenway High school. He took interest in music at a young age, citing Depeche Mode and Stone Temple Pilots as early inspirations. Bennington's parents separated in the late 1980s. He later struggled with cocaine and methamphetamine addictions. Bennington eventually overcame his drug addiction, and would go on to denounce drug use in future interviews. He worked at a Burger King restaurant before starting his career as a professional musician.

Before joining Linkin Park, Bennington was a vocalist in Grey Daze, a grunge band from Phoenix, Arizona. He left Grey Daze in 1998, but struggled to find another band to sing in. After nearly quitting his musical career altogether, Jeff Blue, the vice president of A&R; at Zomba Music in Los Angeles, offered Bennington an audition with the future members of Linkin Park. Bennington quit his day job, and took his family to California, where he had a successful audition with Linkin Park, who were then called "Xero". Bennington and Mike Shinoda, the band’s other vocalist, made significant progress together, but failed to find a record deal. After facing numerous rejections, Jeff Blue, now a vice president of A&R; at Warner Bros., intervened again to help the band sign with Warner Bros. Records.

Linkin Park

On October 24, 2000 Linkin Park released their debut album through Warner Bros. Records. Bennington and Shinoda wrote the lyrics to ''Hybrid Theory'' based on some early material. Shinoda characterized the lyrics as interpretations of universal feelings, emotions, and experiences, and as “everyday emotions you talk about and think about.” Bennington later described the songwriting experience to ''Rolling Stone'' magazine in early 2002:

''Hybrid Theory'' was released in the United States on October 24, 2000 following the debut of "One Step Closer" on the radio. It entered the U.S. Billboard 200 charts at #16 in late 2000, and was certified gold by the RIAA five weeks after its release. In 2001, ''Hybrid Theory'' sold 4.8 million copies in the United States, making it the best-selling album of the year, and it was estimated that the album continued selling 100,000 copies per week in early 2002. Throughout the following years, the album continued to sell at a fast pace and was certified diamond by the RIAA in 2005 for selling 10 million copies in the U.S. It has sold 24 million copies worldwide as of 2009, including over 10 million in the U.S. which makes it the band's best-selling album and the best-selling debut album of the 21st century.

The follow-up to ''Hybrid Theory'' would ultimately become ''Meteora''. The band began to work on new material amidst their saturated schedule, spending a sliver of their free time in their tour bus' studio. The band officially announced the production of a new studio album in December 2002, revealing their new work was inspired by the rocky region of Meteora in Greece, where numerous monasteries have been built on top of the rocks. ''Meteora'' featured a mixture of the band's previous nu metal and rapcore styles with newer innovative effects, including the induction of a shakuhachi (a Japanese flute made of bamboo) and other instruments. Linkin Park's second album debuted on March 25, 2003 and instantly earned worldwide recognition, going to #1 in the US and UK, and #2 in Australia.

Linkin Park returned to the recording studios in 2006 to work on new material. To produce the album, the band chose Rick Rubin. Despite initially stating the record would debut sometime in 2006, it was delayed until 2007. The band had recorded thirty to fifty songs in August 2006, when Shinoda stated the album was halfway completed. Bennington later added that the new album would stray away from their previous nu metal sound. Warner Bros. Records officially announced that the band’s third studio album, entitled ''Minutes to Midnight'', would be released on May 15, 2007 in the United States. After spending fourteen months working on the album, the band opted to further refine their album by removing five of the original seventeen tracks. The album’s title, a reference to the Doomsday Clock, foreshadowed the band's new lyrical themes. ''Minutes to Midnight'' sold over 600,000 copies in its first week, making it one of the most successful debut week albums in recent years. The album also took the top spot on the Billboard Charts. Linkin Park's newest album, ''A Thousand Suns'', was also co-produced with Rick Rubin and was released on September 14, 2010, with its first single, "The Catalyst", a success. In June Chester Bennington was at the LPU summit in Hamburg in which he did a cover of Adele's version of Rolling in the Deep with Mike Shinoda playing the piano.

Personal life

Chester Bennington has two children from a previous relationship with Elka Brand; Jamie and Isaiah. Bennington married his first wife, Samantha Marie Olit, on October 31, 1996. They have one child together, Draven Sebastian Bennington, who was born on April 19, 2002. Bennington’s relationship with his first wife declined during his early years with Linkin Park, and they divorced in 2005. After divorcing his first wife, Bennington married Talinda Ann Bentley, a former Playboy model, with whom he has had a child, Tyler Lee Bennington. The wedding ceremony was custom designed and performed by Mary Jean Valente of "A Ceremony of the Heart". Bennington and his family live in a house in Gilbert, Arizona when he is not on tour.

Chester and Talinda were harassed by a cyberstalker, Devon Townsend, for almost a year. Townsend was found guilty of tampering with the couple's email, as well as sending threatening messages, and was sentenced to two years in prison.

Bennington is a tattoo enthusiast. Bennington has done work and promotions with Club Tattoo, a recognized tattoo parlor in Tempe, Arizona.

In a June 2011 interview with ''Kerrang!'' magazine, Bennington has stated that he believes in God and prays frequently.

Health

Despite having success in the early 2000s, Bennington has had medical issues outside of the limelight. He suffered a severe bite from a recluse spider while touring with the OzzFest in 2001. Bennington was plagued with poor health during the making of ''Meteora'', and struggled to attend some of the album’s recording sessions. He fell ill during the summer of 2003, and eventually underwent surgery. Bennington sustained a wrist injury in October 2007 while attempting to jump off a platform during a show in Melbourne, Australia at the Rod Laver Arena. Despite the injury, he continued to perform the entire show with a broken wrist, before heading to the emergency room. Soon after breaking his wrist he hit himself in the face with a tennis racket. He received 5 stitches. Bennington also injured his back once, while performing a live show.

Recently, in 2011, Bennington fell ill again, and Linkin Park were forced to cancel three shows and reschedule two from the ''A Thousand Suns World Tour''.

Bands

Grey Daze – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1993–1998)

Linkin Park – lead vocals, percussion (1998–present)

Dead by Sunrise – lead vocals, guitar, keyboard (2005–present)

Julien-K – production (2003–present)

Solo work

Bennington joined Z-Trip in 2005 for the single "Walking Dead", released on Z-Trip's major label album ''Shifting Gears''. "Walking Dead" was a Top Ten Single in the US. Bennington also made a surprise appearance during Z-Trip's performance at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in 2005.

Bennington teamed up with original Orgy guitarists Ryan Shuck and Amir Derakh, who perform together as Julien-K, for a solo project. Chester's band is called Dead By Sunrise, formerly known as Snow White Tan. Dead By Sunrise has since released their debut album Out of Ashes on October 13, 2009. Chester also worked on Julien-Ks debut album 'Death To Analog' and is credited as the executive Producer. In 2009, Ryan Shuck said:

"Both bands are the same. The one where Chester sings and writes is Dead By Sunrise, but when I sing, and Amir and I are the primary writers, it becomes Julien-K and it's more electro and much darker... Julien-K and Dead by Sunrise are basically a creative collective, we're sort of a Warhol-style factory in that sense... Dead by Sunrise is Chester's Julien-K if that makes any sense"

Featured vocals

Album contributions

Chester Bennington Handsome Boy Modeling School feat. Chester Bennington & Mike Shinoda DJ Z-TripYoung Buck feat. Chester Bennington Carlos Santana feat. Chester Bennington Korn feat. Chester Bennington

Year !! Artist !! Song !! Release
2001	Stone Temple Pilots feat. Chester Bennington	"Wonderful"
rowspan="3"	2002	|	"System"	Queen of the Damned (soundtrack)>Queen of the Damned'' soundtrack
Cyclefly feat. Chester Bennington
DJ Lethal feat. Chester Bennington	"State of the Art"
2004	|	"Rock 'N' Roll (Could Never Hip-Hop Like This) Part 2"	''White People''
rowspan="2"	2005	Z-Trip feat. Chester Bennington ||	Walking Dead (song)>Walking Dead"	Shifting Gears (DJ Z-Trip album)>Shifting Gears''
Mötley Crüe feat. Chester Bennington	Home Sweet Home (Mötley Crüe song)>Home Sweet Home" (remake)
2007	|	"Slow Ya Roll"	''Buck the World''
2010	|	"Riders on the Storm" (The Doors cover)	''Guitar Heaven: Santana Performs the Greatest Guitar Classics of All Time''
TBA	|	"Head Like a Hole" (Nine Inch Nails cover)	''Korn Kovers''

Music producer

Chester Bennington executive produced the E.P for Los Angeles, Tripduster band Hellflower, which is fronted by his long time friend and Director of Activities (D.O.A), Church.

Film and television

Bennington also made a cameo in the 2006 film ''Crank'' as a customer in a pharmacy. He later appeared as a horse-track spectator in the film's 2009 sequel, ''Crank: High Voltage''. Bennington also had a role as the ill-fated Skinhead, Evan, in the 2010 film ''Saw 3D''.

Chester Bennington is working with his long time friend and director of activities, Church, on developing an upcoming television show, ''Mayor of the World'', with executive producers Trip Taylor.

Filmography

+ Film
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes	Source
2006		Pharmacy Stoner
2009	''Crank: High Voltage''	Hollywood Park Guy
2010	''Saw 3D''	Evan

References

External links

Linkin Park website

Category:1976 births Category:American film actors Category:American rock singers Category:American male singers Category:American musicians Category:American heavy metal singers Category:Musicians from Arizona Category:Dead by Sunrise Category:Julien-K Category:Linkin Park members Category:Living people Category:Nu metal singers Category:English-language singers Category:People from Phoenix, Arizona Category:People self-identifying as substance abusers

ar:تشستر بنينجتون az:Çester Benninqton bs:Chester Bennington bg:Честър Бенингтън ca:Chester Bennington cs:Chester Bennington da:Chester Bennington de:Chester Bennington et:Chester Bennington el:Τσέστερ Μπένινγκτον es:Chester Bennington fa:چستر بنینگتون fr:Chester Bennington gl:Chester Bennington ko:체스터 베닝턴 hi:चेस्टर बेनिंगटन hr:Chester Bennington id:Chester Bennington it:Chester Bennington he:צ'סטר בנינגטון ka:ჩესტერ ბენინგტონი lv:Česters Beningtons lb:Chester Bennington lt:Chester Bennington hu:Chester Bennington ms:Chester Bennington nl:Chester Bennington ja:チェスター・ベニントン no:Chester Bennington uz:Chester Bennington pl:Chester Bennington pt:Chester Bennington ro:Chester Bennington ru:Беннингтон, Честер simple:Chester Bennington sk:Chester Charles Bennington sl:Chester Bennington sr:Честер Бенингтон fi:Chester Bennington sv:Chester Bennington te:చెస్టర్ బెన్నింగ్టన్ th:เชสเตอร์ เบนนิงตัน tr:Chester Bennington uk:Честер Беннінгтон vi:Chester Bennington zh:查斯特·班寧頓

Coordinates	19°2′2.04″N65°15′45.36″N
name	Alexander Perls
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Alexander Perls Rousmaniere
alias	009 Sound SystemAalborg Soundtracks
born	May 11, 1976
genre	Electronic music, trance, Progressive trance, Electro house, house
occupation	MusicianMusic producer
years active	1998–present
label	Track One Recordings
website	Official site
notable instruments	}}

Alexander Perls is a musician and record producer. His notable projects include 009 Sound System, whose songs are entirely written, performed, and produced by Perls.

Perls' songs are known for their mix of electronic, trance and controversial religious related lyrics, which listeners have alternately interpreted as the work of a Christian, or a work of an atheist.

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Perls is the grandson of Klaus Perls, the German art dealer, nephew of Nick Perls, the founder of Yazoo Recordings, and nephew of John Rousmaniere, the author, and great-grand-nephew of Albert Hamilton Gordon.

While studying as an exchange student at University College London in 1997, Perls worked with the post-rock collective Piano Magic. Following Perls' graduation from Oberlin College in 1998, he worked briefly for the Barbara Gladstone Gallery, a leading contemporary art dealership in New York, and then settled into a career as songwriter and music producer.

Between 2000 and 2008, Perls primarily wrote and recorded songs for other dance music producers, including well-known artists such as David Guetta, Paul van Dyk, Ian Carey, ATB, and Robert M. first in New York City, and after 2006, in Los Angeles. From 2000 to 2003 he was one of the members of the electronic music duo CIRC, which released one album and several singles and remixes.

In 2011, Track One Recordings opened a remix competition for Perls' well known productions Dreamscape and Born To Be Wasted.

Discography

Annex Trax, Vol. 1

:3. Maximalist (Short Edit) :4. Storm (Short Edit) :11. The Drive (Short Edit) :12. Storm (Short Edit) :14. Storm (Long Edit) :15. Maximalist (Long Edit) :16. Recombination :17. Can't Be Sure :18. Heaven's Never Gonna Be Like This (Short Edit)

009 Sound System (2008)

#Beat of the Moment #Dreamscape #The Dark Empire #The Hero Waits #Database #Holiday (So High) #Sonia #Sweet Mary (Talks to You) #The Pull #Transfiguration #Radio Station #Of Latter Days (Circ) #Maximalist #Storm #The Drive #Solo #Killer with a thousand faces #Space and Time

Singles

Wings and Time (2009)

Trinity (2009)

Within a Single (2009)

When You're Young (2011)

Dream We Knew (2011)

Powerstation (2011)

Wings (extended edit) (2011)

EP

Holy Ghost (2008)

#Holy Ghost #Number Two #Shine On

References

External links

Category:Living people Category:1976 births