Coordinates | 39°46′5.88″N86°9′29.52″N |
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{{infobox aircraft begin |name | Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) |image File:YF-22 and YF-23.jpg |caption The YF-22 (foreground) and YF-23 (background) }} |
{{infobox aircraft program |aim | air superiority fighter |requirement Advanced Tactical Fighter Statement of Operational Need (November 1984) |issuer United States Air Force |service |value $US 86.6 billion when winner was selected |initiated June 1981 (RFI) |proposals proposals from Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed, Northrop, and McDonnell Douglas. |prototypes Lockheed YF-22, Northrop YF-23 |concluded August 1991 |outcome F-22 selected for production |predecessors |successors |related JAFE, NATF, Have Dash II }} |
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The Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) was a demonstration and validation program undertaken by the United States Air Force to develop a next-generation air superiority fighter to counter emerging worldwide threats, including Soviet Sukhoi Su-27 and Mikoyan MiG-29 fighters under development in the 1980s. Lockheed and Northrop were selected in 1986 to develop the YF-22 and the YF-23 demonstrator aircraft. These aircraft were evaluated in 1991 and the Lockheed YF-22 was selected and later developed into the F-22 Raptor.
In September 1983, study contracts were awarded to seven airframe manufacturers for further definition of their designs. By late 1984, ATF requirements had settled on a fighter with a maximum takeoff weight of , a mission radius of , supercruise speed of Mach 1.4-1.5 and the ability to use a runway. A request for proposals (RFP) for the fighter's engine, called the Joint Advanced Fighter Engine (JAFE), was released in May 1983. Pratt & Whitney and General Electric received contracts for the development and production of prototype engines in September 1983.
Because of the added weight for thrust vectoring/reversing nozzles and related systems on the F-15 S/MTD research aircraft, the Air Force changed the runway length requirement to and removed the thrust reversers on the ATF in late 1987. Two examples of each prototype were built for the Demonstration-Validation phase: one with General Electric YF120 engines, the other with Pratt & Whitney YF119 engines.
The first YF-23 made its maiden flight on 27 August 1990 and the first YF-22 first flew on 29 September 1990. Flight testing began afterwards and added the second aircraft for each competitor in late October 1990. The first YF-23 with P&W; engines supercruised at Mach 1.43 on 18 September 1990 and the second YF-23 with GE engines reached Mach 1.6 on 29 November 1990. The YF-22 with GE engines achieved Mach 1.58 in supercruise. Flight testing continued until December 1990. Following flight testing, the contractor teams submitted proposals for ATF production.
The Lockheed team was awarded the contract to develop and build the Advanced Tactical Fighter in August 1991. The YF-22 was modified into the production F-22 Raptor version. The Northrop YF-23 design was later considered by the company for modification as a bomber, but the proposals have not come to fruition.
;Bibliography
Category:Military aircraft procurement programs of the United States Category:Stealth aircraft
ja:先進戦術戦闘機計画 pl:Zaawansowany Myśliwiec Taktyczny zh:先進戰術戰鬥機This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 39°46′5.88″N86°9′29.52″N |
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name | Don Shipley |
birth place | Canada }} |
Don Shipley is a prominent Canadian stage director. He has led many theatre companies in Canada and Europe since the mid-1970s.
Positions Shipley has held include:
Artistic Director at Victoria's Belfry Theatre from 1976 to 1979 Artistic Director of the Grand Theatre in London Ontario from 1984 to 1986 Manager of Performing Arts at Harbourfront Centre, Toronto from 1988 to 2001 Artistic Director of the Dublin Theatre Festival from 2005 to 2007 Artistic Director of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in 2008.
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Canadian theatre directors
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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