Coordinates	45°30′″N73°40′″N
Title	The New Yorker
Image file	Original New Yorker cover.png
Company	Condé Nast
Frequency	47 per year
Total circulation	1,062,310
Category	Politics, social issues, art, humor, culture
Editor	David Remnick
Firstdate	February 21, 1925
Country	United States
Website	newyorker.com
Issn	0028-792X }}

''The New Yorker'' is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons and poetry published by Condé Nast. Starting as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans.

Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, ''The New Yorker'' has a wide audience outside of New York. It is well known for its illustrated and often topical covers, its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric Americana; its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion of short stories and literary reviews; its rigorous fact checking and copyediting; its journalism on world politics and social issues; and its single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue.

History

''The New Yorker'' debuted on February 21, 1925. It was founded by Harold Ross and his wife, Jane Grant, a ''New York Times'' reporter. Ross wanted to create a sophisticated humor magazine different from corny humor publications such as ''Judge'', where he had worked, or ''Life''. Ross partnered with entrepreneur Raoul H. Fleischmann to establish the F-R Publishing Company and established the magazine's first offices at 25 West 45th Street in Manhattan. Ross edited the magazine until his death in 1951. During the early, occasionally precarious years of its existence, the magazine prided itself on its cosmopolitan sophistication. Harold Ross famously declared in a 1925 prospectus for the magazine: "It has announced that it is not edited for the old lady in Dubuque."

Although the magazine never lost its touches of humor, it soon established itself as a pre-eminent forum for serious fiction literature and journalism. Shortly after the end of World War II, John Hersey's essay ''Hiroshima'' filled an entire issue. In subsequent decades the magazine published short stories by many of the most respected writers of the 20th and 21st centuries, including Ann Beattie, John Cheever, Roald Dahl, Alice Munro, Haruki Murakami, Vladimir Nabokov, John O'Hara, Philip Roth, J.D. Salinger, Irwin Shaw, John Updike, Eudora Welty, and E. B. White. Publication of Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" drew more mail than any other story in ''The New Yorker'''s history.

In its early decades, the magazine sometimes published two or even three short stories a week, but in recent years the pace has remained steady at one story per issue. While some styles and themes recur more often than others in ''New Yorker'' fiction, the magazine's stories are marked less by uniformity than by variety, and they have ranged from Updike's introspective domestic narratives to the surrealism of Donald Barthelme, and from parochial accounts of the lives of neurotic New Yorkers to stories set in a wide range of locations and eras and translated from many languages. Writers like Kurt Vonnegut said that ''The New Yorker'' has been an effective institution for getting a large audience through the learning process required for appreciating modern literature.

The non-fiction feature articles (which usually make up the bulk of the magazine's content) cover an eclectic array of topics. Recent subjects have included eccentric evangelist Creflo Dollar, the different ways in which humans perceive the passage of time and Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

The magazine is notable for its editorial traditions. Under the rubric ''Profiles'', it has long published articles about a range of notable people, from Ernest Hemingway, Henry R. Luce and Marlon Brando to Hollywood restaurateur Michael Romanoff, magician Ricky Jay and mathematicians David and Gregory Chudnovsky. Other enduring features have been "Goings on About Town," a listing of cultural and entertainment events in New York, and "The Talk of the Town," a miscellany of brief pieces—frequently humorous, whimsical or eccentric vignettes of life in New York—written in a breezily light style, or feuilleton, although in recent years the section often begins with a serious commentary. For many years, newspaper snippets containing amusing errors, unintended meanings or badly mixed metaphors ("Block That Metaphor") have been used as filler items, accompanied by a witty retort. There is no masthead listing the editors and staff. And despite some changes, the magazine has kept much of its traditional appearance over the decades in typography, layout, covers and artwork. The magazine was acquired by Advance Publications, the media company owned by S.I. Newhouse, in 1985.

Ross was succeeded by William Shawn (1951–1987), followed by Robert Gottlieb (1987–1992) and Tina Brown (1992–1998). Brown's nearly six-year tenure attracted the most controversy, thanks to her high profile (a marked contrast to that of the retiring Shawn) and the changes she made to a magazine that had retained a similar look and feel for the previous half century. She introduced color to the editorial pages (several years before ''The New York Times'' also did so) and photography, with less type on each page and a generally more modern layout. More substantively, she increased the coverage of current events and hot topics such as celebrities and business tycoons and placed short pieces throughout "Goings on About Town", including a racy column about nightlife in Manhattan. A new letters-to-the-editor page and the addition of authors’ bylines to their "Talk of the Town" pieces had the effect of making the magazine more personal. The current editor of ''The New Yorker'' is David Remnick, who took over in 1998 from Brown.

Wrote Tom Wolfe about the magazine's style: "The ''New Yorker'' style was one of leisurely meandering understatement, droll when in the humorous mode, tautological and litotical when in the serious mode, constantly amplified, qualified, adumbrated upon, nuanced and renuanced, until the magazine’s pale-gray pages became High Baroque triumphs of the relative clause and appository modifier."

The magazine played a role in a literary scandal and defamation lawsuit over two articles by Janet Malcolm about Sigmund Freud's legacy, that appeared in the 1990s. Questions were raised about the magazine's fact-checking process. As of 2010, ''The New Yorker'' employs 16 fact checkers.

Since the late 1990s, ''The New Yorker'' has taken advantage of computer and Internet technologies for the release of current and archival material. ''The New Yorker'' maintains a website with some content from the current issue (plus exclusive web-only content). Subscribers have access to the full current issue online, as well as a complete archive of back issues viewable as they were originally printed. As well, ''The New Yorker'''s cartoons are available for purchase online. A digital archive of back issues from 1925 to April 2008 (representing more than 4,000 issues and half a million pages) has also been issued on DVD-ROMs and on a small portable hard drive. More recently, an iPad version of the current issue of the magazine has been released.

A ''New Yorker'' look-alike, ''Novy Ochevidets'' (The New Eyewitness), was launched in Russia in 2004. It folded in January 2005 after five months of circulation.

In September 2007, the magazine announced that longtime poetry editor Alice Quinn was leaving and, as of November, Paul Muldoon, an Irish native and U.S. citizen, would be taking over what ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'' called "one of the most powerful positions in American poetry". According to an article about the transition in ''The New York Times'', "The magazine has sometimes been criticized for publishing the same poets repeatedly and playing favorites, but Ms. Quinn said that 85% of what she published came to her in the mail 'with little or no notice'. She said that the magazine regularly received more than 600 poems a week."

Cartoons

''The New Yorker'' has featured cartoons (usually gag cartoons) since it began publication in 1925. The cartoon editor of ''The New Yorker'' for years was Lee Lorenz, who first began cartooning in 1956 and became a ''New Yorker'' contract contributor in 1958. After serving as the magazine's art editor from 1973 to 1993 (when he was replaced by Françoise Mouly), he continued in the position of cartoon editor until 1998. His book, ''The Art of the New Yorker: 1925–1995'' (Knopf, 1995), was the first comprehensive survey of all aspects of the magazine's graphics. In 1998, Robert Mankoff took over as cartoon editor, and since then Mankoff has edited at least 14 collections of ''New Yorker'' cartoons.

''The New Yorker'''s stable of cartoonists has included many important talents in American humor, including Charles Addams, Peter Arno, Charles Barsotti, George Booth, Roz Chast, Tom Cheney, Sam Cobean, Leo Cullum, Richard Decker Helen E. Hokinson, Ed Koren, Mary Petty, George Price, Charles Saxon, David Snell, Otto Soglow, Saul Steinberg, William Steig, Richard Taylor, James Thurber, Barney Tobey and Gahan Wilson.

Many early ''New Yorker'' cartoonists did not caption their own cartoons. In his book ''The Years with Ross'', Thurber describes the newspaper's weekly art meeting, where cartoons submitted over the previous week would be brought up from the mail room to be gone over by Ross, the editorial department and a number of staff writers. Cartoons would often be rejected or sent back to artists with requested amendments, while others would be accepted and captions written for them. Some artists hired their own writers; Helen Hokinson hired James Reid Parker in 1931. (Brendan Gill relates in his book ''Here at The New Yorker'' that at one point in the early 1940s, the quality of the artwork submitted to the magazine seemed to improve. It was later found out that the office boy (a teenaged Truman Capote) had been acting as a volunteer art editor, dropping pieces he didn't like down the far edge of his desk.)

Several of the magazine's cartoons have climbed to a higher plateau of fame. One 1928 cartoon drawn by Carl Rose and captioned by E. B. White shows a mother telling her daughter, "It's broccoli, dear." The daughter responds, "I say it's spinach and I say the hell with it." Three years later, the Broadway musical ''Face the Music'' featured a musical number named "I Say It's Spinach". The catchphrase "back to the drawing board" originated with the 1941 Peter Arno cartoon showing an engineer walking away from a crashed plane, saying, "Well, back to the old drawing board."

The most reprinted is Peter Steiner's 1993 drawing of two dogs at a computer, with one saying, "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog". According to Mankoff, Steiner and the magazine have split more than $100,000 in fees paid for the licensing and reprinting of this single cartoon, with more than half going to Steiner.

Over seven decades, many hardcover compilations of cartoons from ''The New Yorker'' have been published, and in 2004, Mankoff edited ''The Complete Cartoons of The New Yorker'', a 656 page collection with 2004 of the magazine's best cartoons published during 80 years, plus a double CD set with all 68,647 cartoons ever published in the magazine. This features a search function allowing readers to search for cartoons by a cartoonist's name or by year of publication. The newer group of cartoonists in recent years includes Pat Byrnes, Frank Cotham, Michael Crawford, Joe Dator, Drew Dernavich, J.C. Duffy, Carolita Johnson, P.C. Vey, Zachary Kanin, Farley Katz, Glen Le Lievre, Michael Maslin, Ariel Molvig, Paul Noth, Barbara Smaller, David Sipress, Mick Stevens, Julia Suits, Christopher Weyant and Jack Ziegler. The notion that some ''New Yorker'' cartoons have punchlines so ''non sequitur'' that they are impossible to understand became a subplot in the ''Seinfeld'' episode "The Cartoon", as well as a playful jab in an episode of ''The Simpsons'', "The Sweetest Apu".

In April 2005, the magazine began using the last page of each issue for "The New Yorker Cartoon Caption Contest." Captionless cartoons by ''The New Yorker'''s regular cartoonists are printed each week. Captions are submitted by readers, and three are chosen as finalists. Readers then vote on the winner, and any U.S. resident age 18 or older can vote. Each contest winner receives a print of the cartoon (with the winning caption), signed by the artist who drew the cartoon.

Politics

Editor David Remnick wrote an editorial supporting the Iraq war in the days when it started.

In its November 1, 2004 issue, the magazine broke with 80 years of precedent and issued a formal endorsement of Presidential candidate John Kerry in a long editorial, signed "The Editors," which specifically criticized the policies of the Bush administration. The magazine endorsed Barack Obama in another long editorial, signed "The Editors" in the October 13, 2008 issue, criticizing both George W. Bush and John McCain.

Films

''The New Yorker'' has been the source of a number of movies. Both fiction and non-fiction pieces have been adapted for the big screen, including: ''Flash of Genius'' (2008), based on a true account of the invention of the intermittent windshield wiper by John Seabrook; ''Away From Her'', adapted from Alice Munro's short story "The Bear Came Over The Mountain", which debuted at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival; ''The Namesake'' (2007), similarly based on Jhumpa Lahiri's novel which originated as a short story in the magazine; ''The Bridge'' (2006), based on Tad Friend's 2003 non-fiction piece "Jumpers"; ''Brokeback Mountain'' (2005), an adaptation of the short story by Annie Proulx which first appeared in the October 13, 1997, issue of ''The New Yorker;'' Jonathan Safran Foer's 2001 debut in ''The New Yorker'', which later came to theaters in Liev Schreiber's debut as both screenwriter and director, ''Everything is Illuminated'' (2005); Michael Cunningham's'' The Hours'', which appeared in the pages of ''The New Yorker'' before becoming the film that garnered the 2002 Best Actress Academy Award for Nicole Kidman; ''Adaptation'' (2002), which Charlie Kaufman based on Susan Orlean's ''The Orchid Thief'', written for ''The New Yorker;'' Frank McCourt's ''Angela's Ashes'', which also appeared, in part, in ''The New Yorker'' in 1996 before its film adaptation was released in 1999; ''The Addams Family'' (1991) and its sequel, ''Addams Family Values'' (1993), both inspired by the work of famed ''New Yorker'' cartoonist Charles Addams; Brian De Palma's ''Casualties of War'' (1989), which began as a ''New Yorker'' article by Daniel Lang; ''Boys Don't Cry'' (1999), starring Hilary Swank, began as an article in the magazine, and ''Iris'' (2001), about the life of Iris Murdoch and John Bayley, the article written by John Bayley for the New Yorker, before he completed his full memoir, the film starring Judi Dench and Jim Broadbent; ''The Swimmer'' (1968), starring Burt Lancaster, based on a John Cheever short story from ''The New Yorker;'' ''In Cold Blood'' (1967), the widely nominated adaptation of the 1965 non-fiction serial written for ''The New Yorker'' by Truman Capote; ''Pal Joey'' (1957), based on a series of stories by John O'Hara; ''The Secret Life of Walter Mitty'' (1947) which began as a story by longtime ''New Yorker'' contributor James Thurber; and ''Meet Me in St. Louis'' (1944), adapted from Sally Benson's short stories.

The history of ''The New Yorker'' has also been portrayed in film: In ''Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle'', a film about the celebrated Algonquin Round Table starring Jennifer Jason Leigh as Dorothy Parker, Sam Robards portrays founding editor Harold Ross trying to drum up support for his fledgling publication. The magazine's former editor, William Shawn, is portrayed in ''Capote'' (2005) and ''Infamous'' (2006).

Style

One uncommonly formal feature of the magazine's in-house style is the placement of diaeresis marks in words with repeating vowels—such as ''reëlected'', ''preëminent'' and ''coöperate''—in which the two vowel letters indicate separate vowel sounds. The magazine also continues to use a few spellings that are otherwise little used, such as "focusses" and "venders".

The magazine does not put the titles of plays or books in italics but simply sets them off with quotation marks. When referring to other publications that include locations in their names, it uses italics only for the "non-location" portion of the name, such as the Los Angeles ''Times'' or the Chicago ''Tribune''.

Formerly, when a word or phrase in quotation marks came at the end of a phrase or clause that ended with a semicolon, the semicolon would be put before the trailing quotation mark; now, however, the magazine follows the universally observed style and puts the semicolon after the second quotation mark.

The magazine also spells out the names of numbers, such as "twenty-five hundred" instead of "2500", even for very large figures. It also spells out professional sports leagues with periods, cf. N.B.A.

''The New Yorker'''s signature display typeface, used for its nameplate and headlines and the masthead above ''The Talk of the Town'' section, is Irvin, named after its creator, the designer-illustrator Rea Irvin.

The body text of all articles in ''The New Yorker'' is set in Adobe Caslon.

Readership

According to the Audit Bureau of Circulation, ''The New Yorker'' had 1,011,821 subscribers in 2009. Notwithstanding its title, ''The New Yorker'' is read nationwide with 53% of its circulation in the top ten U.S. metropolitan areas. According to Mediamark Research Inc., the average age of ''the New Yorker'' reader in 2009 is 47 (compared to 48 for news magazine subscribers and 46 for the nation). The average household income of ''The New Yorker'' readers in 2009 is $109,877 (the average income for a U.S. household with a subscription to a news magazine is $92,788 and the U.S. average household income is $50,233).

Also according to the Audit Bureau of Circulation, ''The New Yorker'''s renewal rate (the percentage of subscribers who renew their subscription each year) is 85%—one of the highest reported rates in the industry. Mediamark Research Inc. reported that readers spend, on average, 81 minutes each week reading ''The New Yorker''.

Eustace Tilley

The magazine's first cover illustration, of a dandy peering at a butterfly through a monocle, was drawn by Rea Irvin, the magazine's first art editor, based on an 1834 caricature of the then Count D'Orsay which appeared as an illustration in the 11th edition of the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. The gentleman on the original cover is now referred to as "Eustace Tilley", a character created for ''The New Yorker'' by Corey Ford who was the hero of a series entitled "The Making of a Magazine", which began on the inside front cover of the August 8 issue that first summer. He was a younger man than the figure of the original cover. His top hat was of a newer style, without the curved brim. He wore a morning coat and striped trousers. Ford borrowed Eustace Tilley's last name from an aunt—he had always found it vaguely humorous. "Eustace" was selected for euphony, although Ford may have borrowed the name from Eustace Taylor, his fraternity brother from Delta Kappa Epsilon at Columbia College of Columbia University.

Tilley was always busy, and in illustrations by Johann Bull, always poised. He might be in Mexico, supervising the vast farms that grew the cactus for binding the magazine's pages together. The Punctuation Farm, where commas were grown in profusion, because Ross had developed a love of them, was naturally in a more fertile region. Tilley might be inspecting the Initial Department, where letters were sent to be capitalized. Or he might be superintending the Emphasis Department, where letters were placed in a vise and forced sideways, for the creation of italics. He would jump to the Sargasso Sea, where by insulting squids he got ink for the printing presses, which were powered by a horse turning a pole. It was told how in the great paper shortage of 1882 he had saved the magazine by getting society matrons to contribute their finery. Thereafter dresses were made at a special factory and girls employed to wear them out, after which the cloth was used for manufacturing paper. Raoul Fleischmann, who had moved into the offices to protect his venture with Ross, gathered the Tilley series into a promotion booklet. Later, Ross took a listing for Eustace Tilley in the Manhattan telephone directory.

The character has become a kind of mascot for ''The New Yorker'', frequently appearing in its pages and on promotional materials. Traditionally, Rea Irvin's original Tilley cover illustration is reused every year on the issue closest to the anniversary date of February 21, though on several occasions a newly drawn variation has been substituted.

Covers

"View of the World" cover

Saul Steinberg created 85 covers and 642 internal drawings and illustrations for the magazine. His most famous work is probably its March 29, 1976 cover, an illustration titled "View of the World from 9th Avenue", sometimes referred to as "A Parochial New Yorker's View of the World" or "A New Yorker's View of the World", which depicts a map of the world as seen by self-absorbed New Yorkers.

The illustration is split in two, with the bottom half of the image showing Manhattan's 9th Avenue, 10th Avenue, and the Hudson River (appropriately labeled), and the top half depicting the rest of the world. The rest of the United States is the size of the three New York City blocks and is drawn as a square, with a thin brown strip along the Hudson representing "Jersey", the names of five cities (Los Angeles; Washington, D.C.; Las Vegas; Kansas City; and Chicago) and three states (Texas, Utah, and Nebraska) scattered among a few rocks for the U.S. beyond New Jersey. The Pacific Ocean, perhaps half again as wide as the Hudson, separates the U.S. from three flattened land masses labeled China, Japan and Russia.

The illustration—humorously depicting New Yorkers' self-image of their place in the world, or perhaps outsiders' view of New Yorkers' self-image—inspired many similar works, including the poster for the 1984 film ''Moscow on the Hudson''; that movie poster led to a lawsuit, ''Steinberg v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc.'', 663 F. Supp. 706 (S.D.N.Y. 1987), which held that Columbia Pictures violated the copyright that Steinberg held on his work.

The cover was later satirized by Barry Blitt for the cover of ''The New Yorker'' on October 6, 2008. The cover featured Sarah Palin looking out of her window seeing only Alaska and in the very background Russia.

The March 21, 2009 cover of ''The Economist'', "How China sees the World", is also an homage to the original image, but depicting the viewpoint from Beijing's Chang An street instead of Manhattan.

9/11

Hired by Tina Brown in 1992, Art Spiegelman worked for ''The New Yorker'' for ten years but resigned a few months after the September 11 terrorist attacks. The cover created by Spiegelman and Françoise Mouly for the September 24, 2001 issue of ''The New Yorker'' received wide acclaim and was voted in the top ten of magazine covers of the past 40 years by the American Society of Magazine Editors, which commented: :''New Yorker'' Covers Editor Françoise Mouly repositioned Art Spiegelman's silhouettes, inspired by Ad Reinhardt's black-on-black paintings, so that the North Tower's antenna breaks the "W" of the magazine's logo. Spiegelman wanted to see the emptiness, and find the awful/awe-filled image of all that disappeared the on 9/11. The silhouetted Twin Towers were printed in a fifth, black ink, on a field of black made up of the standard four color printing inks. An overprinted clear varnish helps create the ghost images that linger, insisting on their presence through the blackness.

At first glance, the cover appears to be totally black, but upon close examination it reveals the silhouettes of the World Trade Center towers in a slightly darker shade of black. In some situations, the ghost images only become visible when the magazine is tilted toward a light source. In September 2004, Spiegelman reprised the image on the cover of his book ''In the Shadow of No Towers'', in which he relates his experience of the Twin Towers attack and the psychological after-effects.

"New Yorkistan"

In the December 2001 issue the magazine printed a cover by Maira Kalman and Rick Meyerowitz showing a map of New York in which various neighborhoods were labeled with humorous names reminiscent of Middle Eastern and Central Asian place names and referencing the neighborhood's real name or characteristics (e.g. "Fuhgeddabouditstan", "Botoxia"). The cover had some cultural resonance in the wake of September 11 and became a popular print and poster.

Controversial covers

Crown Heights in 1993

For the 1993 Valentine's Day issue, the magazine printed a cover by Art Spiegelman depicting a black woman and a Hasidic Jewish man kissing, referencing the Crown Heights riot of 1991. The cover was criticized by both black and Jewish observers. Jack Salzman and Cornel West describe the reaction to the cover as the magazine's "first national controversy."

2008 Obama cover satire and controversy

"The Politics of Fear", a cartoon by Barry Blitt featured on the cover of the July 21, 2008, issue, depicts then presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama in the turban and salwar kameez typical of many Muslims, fist bumping with his wife, Michelle, portrayed with an Afro and wearing camouflage trousers with an AK-47 assault rifle slung over her back. They are standing in the Oval Office, with a portrait of Osama Bin Laden hanging on the wall and an American flag burning in the fireplace in the background.

Many ''New Yorker'' readers saw the image as a lampoon of "The Politics of Fear", as the image was titled. Some of Obama's supporters as well as his presumptive Republican opponent, Sen. John McCain, accused the magazine of publishing an incendiary cartoon whose irony could be lost on some readers. ''The New Yorker'''s editor David Remnick said: "The intent of the cover is to satirize the vicious and racist attacks and rumors and misconceptions about the Obamas that have been floating around in the blogosphere and are reflected in public opinion polls. What we set out to do was to throw all these images together, which are all over the top and to shine a kind of harsh light on them, to satirize them," citing the excesses in the image to rebuff the concern that it could be misunderstood, even by those unfamiliar with the magazine. In an interview on ''Larry King Live'' shortly after the magazine issue began circulating, Obama said "Well, I know it was ''The New Yorker'''s attempt at satire... I don't think they were entirely successful with it..." But Obama also pointed to his own efforts to debunk the allegations portrayed in ''The New Yorker'' cover through a web site his campaign set up: "[They are] actually an insult against Muslim-Americans, something that we don't spend a lot of time talking about.""

Later that week, ''The Daily Show'''s Jon Stewart continued ''The New Yorker'' cover's argument about Obama stereotypes with a piece showcasing a montage of clips containing such stereotypes culled from various legitimate news sources. The ''New Yorker'' Obama cover was later parodied by Stewart and Stephen Colbert on the October 3, 2008, cover of ''Entertainment Weekly'' magazine, with Stewart as Obama and Colbert as Michelle, photographed exclusively for the magazine in New York City on September 18.

''New Yorker'' covers are not always related to the contents of the magazine or only tangentially so. In this case, the article in the July 21, 2008, issue about Obama did not discuss the attacks and rumors but rather Obama's political career to date. ''The New Yorker'' later endorsed Obama for president.

See also

Culture of New York City

List of ''The New Yorker'' contributors

Media of New York City

Books

''Ross and the New Yorker'' by Dale Kramer (1951)

''The Years with Ross'' by James Thurber (1959)

''Ross, the New Yorker and Me'' by Jane Grant (1968)

''Here at The New Yorker'' by Brendan Gill (1975)

''About the New Yorker and Me'' by E.J. Kahn (1979)

''Onward and Upward: A Biography of Katharine S. White'' by Linda H. Davis (1987)

''At Seventy: More about the New Yorker and Me'' by E.J. Kahn (1988)

''Katharine and E.B. White: An Affectionate Memoir'' by Isabel Russell (1988)

''The Last Days of The New Yorker'' by Gigi Mahon (1989)

''Genius in Disguise: Harold Ross of the New Yorker'' by Thomas Kunkel (1997)

''Here But Not Here: My Life with William Shawn and the New Yorker'' by Lillian Ross (1998)

''Remembering Mr. Shawn's New Yorker: The Invisible Art of Editing'' by Ved Mehta (1998)

''Some Times in America: and a life in a year at the New Yorker'' by Alexander Chancellor (1999)

''The World Through a Monocle: The New Yorker at Midcentury'' by Mary F. Corey (1999)

''About Town: The New Yorker and the World It Made'' by Ben Yagoda (2000)

''Covering the New Yorker: Cutting-Edge Covers from a Literary Institution'' by Françoise Mouly (2000)

''Defining New Yorker Humor'' by Judith Yaross Lee (2000)

''Gone: The Last Days of the New Yorker'', by Renata Adler (2000)

''Letters from the Editor: The New Yorker's Harold Ross'' edited by Thomas Kunkel (2000; letters covering the years 1917 to 1951)

''New Yorker Profiles 1925–1992: A Bibliography'' compiled by Gail Shivel (2000)

''NoBrow: The Culture of Marketing – the Marketing of Culture'' by John Seabrook (2000)

''Fierce Pajamas: An Anthology of Humor Writing from The New Yorker'' by David Reminick and Henry Finder (2002)

''Christmas at The New Yorker: Stories, Poems, Humor, and Art'' (2003)

''A Life of Privilege, Mostly'' by Gardner Botsford (2003)

''Maeve Brennan: Homesick at the New Yorker'' by Angela Bourke (2004)

''Let Me Finish'' by Roger Angell (Harcourt, 2006)

Movies

''Top Hat and Tales: Harold Ross and the Making of the New Yorker'' (Carousel Film and Video, 2001, 47 minutes)

References

External links

''The New Yorker'' official website

Official mobile site

A Guided Tour Through The New Yorker

''You Norker'': A Forum for Readers of ''The New Yorker'' Magazine

Boxer, Sarah. "A Gaggle of Cartoonists," ''The New York Times'', February 14, 2000.

New Yorker 1950–1955 album

Category:American literary magazines Category:American news magazines Category:Condé Nast Publications Category:Investigative journalism Category:Magazines published in New York Category:Media in New York City * Category:Publications established in 1925 Category:Weekly magazines

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Coordinates	45°30′″N73°40′″N
name	The New York Times
logo
type	Daily newspaper
format	Broadsheet
foundation	1851
price	US$1.25 Monday-SaturdayUS$4.00 SundayUS$4.00/5.00 Special Editions
owners	The New York Times Company
founders	Henry Jarvis RaymondGeorge Jones
political position
publisher	Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.
editor	Bill Keller
maneditor	Jill AbramsonJohn M. Geddes
newseditor	Richard L. Berke
opeditor	Andrew Rosenthal
sportseditor	Tom Jolly
photoeditor	Michele McNally
staff	1,150 news department staff
circulation	876,638 daily1,352,358 Sunday
headquarters	The New York Times Building620 Eighth AvenueManhattan, New York
issn	0362-4331
oclc	1645522
website	}}

''The New York Times'' is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. ''The New York Times'' has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization. Its website is the most popular American online newspaper website, receiving more than 30 million unique visitors per month.

Although the print version of the paper remains both the largest local metropolitan newspaper in the United States, as well the third largest newspaper overall, behind ''The Wall Street Journal'' and ''USA Today'', its weekday circulation has fallen since 1990 (not unlike other newspapers) to fewer than one million copies daily, for the first time since the 1980s. Nicknamed "the Gray Lady", and long regarded within the industry as a national "newspaper of record", ''The New York Times'' is owned by The New York Times Company, which also publishes 18 other newspapers including the ''International Herald Tribune'' and ''The Boston Globe''. The company's chairman is Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., whose family has controlled the paper since 1896.

The paper's motto, printed in the upper left-hand corner of the front page, is "All the News That's Fit to Print." It is organized into sections: News, Opinions, Business, Arts, Science, Sports, Style, Home, and Features. ''The New York Times'' stayed with the eight-column format for several years after most papers switched to six columns, and it was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography.

Access to the newspaper's online content is through a metered paywall. Frequent users (over 20 articles per month) have to purchase digital subscriptions, but access remains free for light users. There are apps to access content for various mobile devices, such as the iPhone and Android devices.

History

''The New York Times'' was founded on September 18, 1851, by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond, who was then a Whig and who would later be the second chairman of the Republican National Committee, and former banker George Jones as the ''New-York Daily Times''. Sold at an original price of one cent per copy, the inaugural edition attempted to address the various speculations on its purpose and positions that preceded its release:

The paper changed its name to ''The New York Times'' in 1857. The newspaper was originally published every day except Sunday, but on April 21, 1861, due to the demand for daily coverage of the Civil War, ''The New York Times,'' along with other major dailies, started publishing Sunday issues. One of the earliest public controversies in which the paper was involved was the Mortara Affair, an affair that was the object of 20 editorials in ''The New York Times'' alone.

The paper's influence grew during 1870–71, when it published a series of exposés of Boss Tweed that led to the end of the Tweed Ring's domination of New York's City Hall. In the 1880s, ''The New York Times'' transitioned from supporting Republican candidates to becoming politically independent; in 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential election. While this move hurt ''The New York Times'' readership, the paper regained most of its lost ground within a few years. ''The New York Times'' was acquired by Adolph Ochs, publisher of the ''Chattanooga Times'', in 1896. The following year, he coined the paper's slogan, "All The News That's Fit To Print"; this was a jab at competing papers such as Joseph Pulitzer's ''New York World'' and William Randolph Hearst's ''New York Journal'' which were known for lurid yellow journalism. Under his guidance, ''The New York Times'' achieved international scope, circulation, and reputation. In 1904, ''The New York Times'' received the first on-the-spot wireless transmission from a naval battle, a report of the destruction of the Russian fleet at the Battle of Port Arthur in the Yellow Sea from the press-boat ''Haimun'' during the Russo-Japanese war. In 1910, the first air delivery of ''The New York Times'' to Philadelphia began. ''The New York Times'' first trans-Atlantic delivery to London occurred in 1919. In 1920, a "4 A.M. Airplane Edition" was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening.

In the 1940s, the paper extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the fashion section in 1946. ''The New York Times'' began an international edition in 1946. The international edition stopped publishing in 1967, when ''The New York Times'' joined the owners of the ''New York Herald Tribune'' and ''The Washington Post'' to publish the ''International Herald Tribune'' in Paris. The paper bought a classical radio station (WQXR) in 1946. In addition to owning WQXR, the newspaper also formerly owned its AM sister, WQEW (1560 AM). The classical music radio format was simulcast on both frequencies until the early 1990s, when the big-band and standards music format of WNEW-AM (now WBBR) moved from 1130 AM to 1560. The AM radio station changed its call letters from WQXR to WQEW. By the beginning of the 21st century, ''The New York Times'' was leasing WQEW to ABC Radio for its Radio Disney format, which continues on 1560 AM. Disney became the owner of WQEW in 2007. On July 14, 2009 it was announced that WQXR was to be sold to WNYC, who on October 8, 2009 moved the station to 105.9 FM and began to operate the station as a non-commercial. ''The New York Times'' is third in national circulation, after ''USA Today'' and ''The Wall Street Journal''. The newspaper is owned by The New York Times Company, in which descendants of Adolph Ochs, principally the Sulzberger family, maintain a dominant role. , the paper reported a circulation of 906,100 copies on weekdays and 1,356,800 copies on Sundays. According to a 2009 ''The New York Times'' article circulation has dropped 7.3 percent to about 928,000; this is the first time since the 1980s that it has fallen under one million. In the New York City metropolitan area, the paper costs $2 Monday through Saturday and $5 on Sunday. ''The New York Times'' has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper.

In 2009, ''The New York Times'' began production of local inserts in regions outside of the New York area. Beginning October 16, 2009, a two-page "Bay Area" insert was added to copies of the Northern California edition on Fridays and Sundays. ''The New York Times'' commenced production of a similar Friday and Sunday insert to the Chicago edition on November 20, 2009. The inserts consist of local news, policy, sports, and culture pieces, usually supported by local advertisements.

In addition to its New York City headquarters, ''The New York Times'' has 10 news bureaus in New York State, 11 national news bureaus and 26 foreign news bureaus. ''The New York Times'' reduced its page width to from on August 6, 2007, adopting the width that has become the U.S. newspaper industry standard.

Because of its steadily declining sales attributed to the rise of online alternative media and social media, ''The New York Times'' has been going through a downsizing for several years, offering buyouts to workers and cutting expenses, in common with a general trend among print newsmedia.

The newspaper's first building was located at 113 Nassau Street in New York City. In 1854, it moved to 138 Nassau Street, and in 1858 it moved to 41 Park Row, making it the first newspaper in New York City housed in a building built specifically for its use. The paper moved its headquarters to 1475 Broadway in 1904, in an area called Long Acre Square, that was renamed to Times Square. The top of the building is the site of the New Year's Eve tradition of lowering a lighted ball, that was started by the paper. The building is also notable for its electronic news ticker, where headlines crawled around the outside of the building. It is still in use, but is not operated by ''The New York Times''. After nine years in Times Square, an Annex was built at 229 West 43rd Street. After several expansions, it became the company's headquarters in 1913, and the building on Broadway was sold in 1961. Until June 2007, ''The New York Times'', from which Times Square gets its name, was published at offices at West 43rd Street. It stopped printing papers there on June 15, 1997.

The newspaper remained at that location until June 2007, when it moved three blocks south to 620 Eighth Avenue between West 40th and 41st Streets, in Manhattan. The new headquarters for the newspaper, The New York Times Building, is a skyscraper designed by Renzo Piano.

''Times v. Sullivan''

The paper's involvement in a 1964 libel case helped bring one of the key United States Supreme Court decisions supporting freedom of the press, ''New York Times Co. v. Sullivan''. In it, the United States Supreme Court established the "actual malice" standard for press reports about public officials or public figures to be considered defamatory or libelous. The malice standard requires the plaintiff in a defamation or libel case prove the publisher of the statement knew the statement was false or acted in reckless disregard of its truth or falsity. Because of the high burden of proof on the plaintiff, and difficulty in proving what is inside a person's head, such cases by public figures rarely succeed.

The Pentagon Papers

In 1971, the Pentagon Papers, a secret United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in the Vietnam War from 1945 to 1971, were given ("leaked") to Neil Sheehan of ''The New York Times'' by former State Department official Daniel Ellsberg, with his friend Anthony Russo assisting in copying them. ''The New York Times'' began publishing excerpts as a series of articles on June 13. Controversy and lawsuits followed. The papers revealed, among other things, that the government had deliberately expanded its role in the war by conducting air strikes over Laos, raids along the coast of North Vietnam, and offensive actions taken by U.S. Marines well before the public was told about the actions, and while President Lyndon B. Johnson had been promising not to expand the war. The document increased the credibility gap for the U.S. government, and hurt efforts by the Nixon administration to fight the on-going war.

When ''The New York Times'' began publishing its series, President Richard Nixon became incensed. His words to National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger included "people have gotta be put to the torch for this sort of thing..." and "let's get the son-of-a-bitch in jail." After failing to get ''The New York Times'' to stop publishing, Attorney General John Mitchell and President Nixon obtained a federal court injunction that ''The New York Times'' cease publication of excerpts. The newspaper appealed and the case began working through the court system. On June 18, 1971, ''The Washington Post'' began publishing its own series. Ben Bagdikian, a ''Post'' editor, had obtained portions of the papers from Ellsberg. That day the ''Post'' received a call from the Assistant Attorney General, William Rehnquist, asking them to stop publishing. When the ''Post'' refused, the U.S. Justice Department sought another injunction. The U.S. District court judge refused, and the government appealed. On June 26, 1971 the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to take both cases, merging them into ''New York Times Co. v. United States'' 403 US 713. On June 30, 1971, the Supreme Court held in a 6–3 decision that the injunctions were unconstitutional prior restraints and that the government had not met the burden of proof required. The justices wrote nine separate opinions, disagreeing on significant substantive issues. While it was generally seen as a victory for those who claim the First Amendment enshrines an absolute right to free speech, many felt it a lukewarm victory, offering little protection for future publishers when claims of national security were at stake.

Discrimination in employment

Discriminatory practices restricting women in editorial positions were part of the history, correlating with effects on the journalism published at the time. The newspaper's first general woman reporter was Jane Grant, who described her experience afterwards. She wrote, "In the beginning I was charged not to reveal the fact that a female had been hired". Other reporters nicknamed her Fluff and she was subjected to considerable hazing. Because of her gender, promotions were out of the question, according to the then-managing editor. She was there for fifteen years, interrupted by World War I.

In 1935, Anne McCormick wrote to Arthur Hays Sulzberger, "I hope you won't expect me to revert to 'woman's-point-of-view' stuff." Later, she interviewed major political leaders and appears to have had easier access than her colleagues did. "Even those who witnessed her in action were unable to explain how she got the interviews she did." Said Clifton Daniel, "[After World War II,] I'm sure [chancellor of West Germany Konrad] Adenauer called her up and invited her to lunch. She never had to grovel for an appointment." Covering world leaders' speeches after World War II at the National Press Club was limited to men, by a Club rule. When women were eventually allowed in to hear the speeches, they still were not allowed to ask the speakers questions, although men were allowed and did ask, even though some of the women had won Pulitzer Prizes for prior work. ''Times'' reporter Maggie Hunter refused to return to the Club after covering one speech on assignment. Nan Robertson's article on the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, was read aloud as anonymous by a professor, who then said, "'It will come as a surprise to you, perhaps, that the reporter is a ''girl,''' he began... [G]asps; amazement in the ranks. 'She had used all her senses, not just her eyes, to convey the smell and feel of the stockyards. She chose a difficult subject, an offensive subject. Her imagery was strong enough to revolt you.'" ''The New York Times'' hired Kathleen McLaughlin after ten years at the Chicago Tribune, where "[s]he did a series on maids, going out herself to apply for housekeeping jobs."

Ownership

The Ochs-Sulzberger family, one of the United States' newspaper dynasties, has owned ''The New York Times'' since 1896. After the publisher went public in the 1960s, the family continued to exert control through its ownership of the vast majority of Class B voting shares. Class A shareholders are permitted restrictive voting rights while Class B shareholders are allowed open voting rights. Dual-class structures caught on in the mid-20th century as families such as the Grahams of The Washington Post Company sought to gain access to public capital without losing control. Dow Jones & Co., publisher of ''The Wall Street Journal'', had a similar structure and was controlled by the Bancroft family; the company was later bought by the News Corporation in 2007.

The Ochs-Sulzberger family trust controls roughly 88 percent of the company's class B shares. Any alteration to the dual-class structure must be ratified by six of eight directors who sit on the board of the Ochs-Sulzberger family trust. The Trust board members are Daniel H. Cohen, James M. Cohen, Lynn G. Dolnick, Susan W. Dryfoos, Michael Golden, Eric M. A. Lax, Arthur O. Sulzberger, Jr. and Cathy J. Sulzberger.

Turner Catledge, the top editor at ''The New York Times'' for almost two decades, wanted to hide the ownership influence. Sulzberger routinely wrote memos to his editor, each containing suggestions, instructions, complaints, and orders. When Catledge would receive these memos he would erase the publisher's identity before passing them to his subordinates. Catledge thought that if he removed the publisher's name from the memos it would protect reporters from feeling pressured by the owner.

Content

Sections

The newspaper is organized in three sections, including the magazine. # News: Includes International, National, Washington, Business, Technology, Science, Health, Sports, The Metro Section, Education, Weather, and Obituaries. # Opinion: Includes Editorials, Op-Eds and Letters to the Editor. # Features: Includes Arts, Movies, Theatre, Travel, NYC Guide, Dining & Wine, Home & Garden, Fashion & Style, Crossword, ''The New York Times Book Review'', ''The New York Times Magazine'', and Sunday Review.

Some sections, such as Metro, are only found in the editions of the paper distributed in the New York–New Jersey–Connecticut Tri-State Area and not in the national or Washington, D.C. editions. Aside from a weekly roundup of reprints of editorial cartoons from other newspapers, ''The New York Times'' does not have its own staff editorial cartoonist, nor does it feature a comics page or Sunday comics section. In September 2008, ''The New York Times'' announced that it would be combining certain sections effective October 6, 2008, in editions printed in the New York metropolitan area. The changes folded the Metro Section into the main International / National news section and combined Sports and Business (except Saturday through Monday, when Sports is still printed as a standalone section). This change also included having the name of the Metro section be called New York outside of the Tri-State Area. The presses used by ''The New York Times'' allow four sections to be printed simultaneously; as the paper had included more than four sections all days except Saturday, the sections had to be printed separately in an early press run and collated together. The changes will allow ''The New York Times'' to print in four sections Monday through Wednesday, in addition to Saturday. ''The New York Times'' announcement stated that the number of news pages and employee positions will remain unchanged, with the paper realizing cost savings by cutting overtime expenses. According to Russ Stanton, editor of the ''Los Angeles Times'', a competitor, the newsroom of ''The New York Times'' is twice the size of the ''Los Angeles Times'', which currently has a newsroom of 600.

Style

When referring to people, ''The New York Times'' generally uses honorifics, rather than unadorned last names (except in the sports pages, Book Review and Magazine). It stayed with an eight-column format until September 1976, years after other papers had switched to six, and it was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography, with the first color photograph on the front page appearing on October 16, 1997. In the absence of a major headline, the day's most important story generally appears in the top-right hand column, on the main page. The typefaces used for the headlines are custom variations of Cheltenham. The running text is set at 8.7 point Imperial.

Joining a roster of other major American newspapers in recent years, including ''USA Today'', ''The Wall Street Journal'' and ''The Washington Post'', ''The New York Times'' announced on July 18, 2006, that it would be narrowing the size of its paper by one and a half inches. In an era of dwindling circulation and significant advertising revenue losses for most print versions of American newspapers, the move, which was also announced would result in a 5 percent reduction in news coverage, would have a target savings of $12 million a year for the paper. The change from the traditional broadsheet style to a more compact 48-inch web width was addressed by both Executive Editor Bill Keller and ''The New York Times'' President Scott Heekin-Canedy in memos to the staff. Keller defended the "more reader-friendly" move indicating that in cutting out the "flabby or redundant prose in longer pieces" the reduction would make for a better paper. Similarly, Keller confronted the challenges of covering news with "less room" by proposing more "rigorous editing" and promised an ongoing commitment to "hard-hitting, ground-breaking journalism". The official change went into effect on August 6, 2007.

''The New York Times'' printed a display advertisement on its first page on January 6, 2009, breaking tradition at the paper. The advertisement for CBS was in color and was the entire width of the page. The newspaper promised it would place first-page advertisements on only the lower half of the page.

Reputation and awards

It maintains bureaus across a large platform of politically and socially important locations. ''The New York Times'' has established links regionally with 16 bureaus in New York State, nationally, with 11 bureaus within the United States, and globally, with 26 foreign news bureaus.

The recipient of 106 Pulitzer Prizes, ''The New York Times'' won three awards in the 2010 version of the proceedings. Sheri Fink was awarded the best investigative report; given for her piece on the reaction and dedication of a hospital after Hurricane Katrina. Michael Moss was recognised for his contribution to explanatory reporting and ensuing policy, given for his coverage of the trials experienced a young salmonella victim paralysed by ''E. coli''. His article led to significant changes in federal regulation on the matter. Matt Richtel was also credited for his article on the dangerous effects of using a cellphone while driving.

Web presence

''The New York Times'' has had a strong presence on the Web since 1996, and has been ranked one of the top Web sites. Accessing some articles requires registration, though this could be bypassed in some cases through ''Times'' RSS feeds. The website had 555 million pageviews in March 2005. The domain ''nytimes.com'' attracted at least 146 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com study. ''The New York Times'' Web site ranks 59th by number of unique visitors, with over 20 million unique visitors in March 2009 making it the most visited newspaper site with more than twice the number of unique visitors as the next most popular site. Also, , nytimes.com produced 22 of the 50 most popular newspaper blogs.

In September 2005, the paper decided to begin subscription-based service for daily columns in a program known as ''TimesSelect'', which encompassed many previously free columns. Until being discontinued two years later, ''TimesSelect'' cost $7.95 per month or $49.95 per year, though it was free for print copy subscribers and university students and faculty. To work around this, bloggers often reposted TimesSelect material, and at least one site once compiled links of reprinted material. On September 17, 2007, ''The New York Times'' announced that it would stop charging for access to parts of its Web site, effective at midnight the following day, reflecting a growing view in the industry that subscription fees cannot outweigh the potential ad revenue from increased traffic on a free site. In addition to opening almost the entire site to all readers, ''The New York Times'' news archives from 1987 to the present are available at no charge, as well as those from 1851 to 1922, which are in the public domain. Access to the ''Premium Crosswords'' section continues to require either home delivery or a subscription for $6.95 per month or $39.95 per year. ''Times'' columnists including Nicholas Kristof and Thomas Friedman had criticized ''TimesSelect'', with Friedman going so far as to say "I hate it. It pains me enormously because it's cut me off from a lot, a lot of people, especially because I have a lot of people reading me overseas, like in India ... I feel totally cut off from my audience."

The newspaper's publisher announced on March 17, 2011, that starting on March 28, 2011 (March 17, 2011 for Canada), it would charge frequent readers for access to its online content. "Visitors can enjoy 20 free articles (including blog posts, slide shows, video and other multimedia features) each calendar month on NYTimes.com, as well as unrestricted access to browse the home page, section fronts, blog fronts and classifieds." The paywall and digital subscriptions started globally on March 28, 2011 (Canada on March 17), and cost from $15 to $35 per four weeks depending on the package selected. Home delivery subscribers to the print edition of ''The New York Times'' or ''The International Herald Tribune'' receive full and free access to online content without any added charge.

''The New York Times'' was made available on the iPhone and iPod Touch in 2008, and on the iPad mobile devices in 2010.

''The New York Times'' is also the first newspaper to offer a video game as part of its editorial content, ''Food Import Folly'' by Persuasive Games.

reCAPTCHA is currently helping to digitize old editions of ''The New York Times''.

Mobile presence

The ''Times Reader'' is a digital version of ''The New York Times''. It was created via a collaboration between the newspaper and Microsoft. ''Times Reader'' takes the principles of print journalism and applies them to the technique of online reporting. ''Times Reader'' uses a series of technologies developed by Microsoft and their Windows Presentation Foundation team. It was announced in Seattle in April 2006 by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., Bill Gates, and Tom Bodkin. In 2009 the ''Times Reader'' 2.0 was rewritten in Adobe Air.

In 2008, ''The New York Times'' created an app for the iPhone and iPod touch which allowed users to download articles to their mobile device enabling them to read the paper even when they were unable to receive a signal. In April 2010, ''The New York Times'' announced it will begin publishing daily content through an iPad app. , ''The New York Times'' iPad app is ad-supported and available for free without a paid subscription, but will transition to a subscription-based model in 2011.

In 2010, the New York Times also launched an App for Android smartphones.

In Moscow

Communication with its Russian readers is a special project of ''The New York Times'' launched in February 2008, guided by Clifford J. Levy. Some ''Times'' articles covering the broad spectrum of political and social topics in Russia are being translated into Russian and offered for the attention of Russia's bloggers in ''The New York Times'' community blog. After that, selected responses of Russian bloggers are being translated into English and published at ''The New York Times'' site among comments from English readers.

Pricing

The newspaper's publisher announced on March 17, 2011, that starting on March 28, 2011 (March 17, 2011 for Canada), it would charge frequent readers for access to its online content. Readers would be able to access up to 20 articles each month without charge. However any reader that wanted to access more would have to pay for a digital subscription. This plan would allow free access for occasional readers, but produce revenue from heavy readers. Depending on the package selected, digital subscriptions rates for four weeks range from $15 to $35. Subscribers to the print edition of the newspaper would get full access without any additional fee. Some content, such as the front page and the section fronts will remain free, as well as the Top News page on mobile apps.

The NYTimes.com paywall, which reportedly required millions of dollars to design, was dismissed by some sources as "plain vanilla" and easily circumvented. Soon after it was announced, a Canadian developer announced the creation of a bookmarklet, NYTClean, featuring four lines of code that would allow unlimited access to the website. Subsequently, the New York Times threatened legal action on the grounds that the bookmarklet's name was a trademark violation.

Missed print dates

Due to strikes, the regular edition of ''The New York Times'' was not printed during the following periods:

December 9, 1962 to March 31, 1963. Only a western edition was printed.

September 17, 1965 to October 10, 1965. An international edition was printed, and a weekend edition replaced the Saturday and Sunday papers.

August 10, 1978 to November 5, 1978. A multi-union strike shut down the three major New York City newspapers. No editions of ''The New York Times'' were printed. Two months into the strike, a parody of ''The New York Times'' called ''Not The New York Times'' was given out in New York, with contributors such as Carl Bernstein, Christopher Cerf, Tony Hendra and George Plimpton.

No editions were printed on January 2 of 1852–1853 and of 1862–1867. No editions were printed on July 5 of 1861–1865.

Issues over coverage

Political persuasion overall

''The New York Times'' has been variously described as having a liberal bias or described as being a liberal newspaper.

According to a 2007 survey by Rasmussen Reports of public perceptions of major media outlets, 40% believe ''The New York Times'' has a liberal slant and 11% believe it has a conservative slant. In December 2004 a University of California, Los Angeles study gave ''The New York Times'' a score of 73.7 on a 100 point scale, with 0 being most conservative and 100 being most liberal. The validity of the study has been questioned by various organizations, including the liberal media watchdog group Media Matters for America. In mid-2004, the newspaper's then public editor (ombudsman), Daniel Okrent, wrote a piece in which he concluded that ''The New York Times'' did have a liberal bias in coverage of certain social issues such as gay marriage. He stated that this bias reflected the paper's cosmopolitanism, which arose naturally from its roots as a hometown paper of New York City. Okrent did not comment at length on the issue of bias in coverage of "hard news", such as fiscal policy, foreign policy, or civil liberties, but did state that the paper's coverage of the Iraq war was insufficiently critical of the George W. Bush administration.

On nations and ethnicities

Iraq War

Reporter Judith Miller retired after criticisms that her reporting of the lead-up to the Iraq War was factually inaccurate and overtly favorable to the Bush administration's position, for which ''The New York Times'' was forced to apologize. One of Miller's prime sources was Ahmed Chalabi, who after the U.S. occupation became the interim oil minister of Iraq and is now head of the Iraqi Services Committee. However, reporter Michael R. Gordon, who shared byline credit with Miller on some of the early Iraq stories, continues to report on military affairs for ''The New York Times''

Israel and the Palestinians

For its coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, some have claimed that the paper is pro-Palestinian; and others have claimed that it is pro-Israel. A controversial book, The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, by political science professors John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, alleges that ''The New York Times'' sometimes criticizes Israeli policies but is not even-handed and is generally pro-Israel. On the other hand, the Simon Wiesenthal Center has criticized ''The New York Times'' for printing cartoons regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that were claimed to be anti-Semitic.

''The New York Times'' public editor Clark Hoyt concluded in his January 10, 2009, column, "Though the most vociferous supporters of Israel and the Palestinians do not agree, I think ''The New York Times'', largely barred from the battlefield and reporting amid the chaos of war, has tried its best to do a fair, balanced and complete job — and has largely succeeded."

Central America in 1980s

Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, a progressive media criticism organization, has accused ''The New York Times'' of following the "Reagan administration's PR strategy" in the 1980s by "emphasizing repressive measures in Nicaragua [by the leftist Sandinista government] and downplaying or ignoring more serious human rights abuses elsewhere in Central America" (namely in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, countries with governments backed by the Reagan administration).

World War II

On November 14, 2001, in ''The New York Times'' 150th anniversary issue, former executive editor Max Frankel wrote that before and during World War II, the ''Times'' had maintained a consistent policy to minimize reports on the Holocaust in their news pages. Laurel Leff, associate professor of journalism at Northeastern University, concluded that the newspaper had downplayed the Third Reich targeting of Jews for genocide. Her 2005 book "''Buried by the Times''" documents the NYT's tendency before, during and after World War II to place deep inside its daily editions the news stories about the ongoing persecution and extermination of Jews, while obscuring in those stories the special impact of the Nazis' crimes on Jews in particular. Professor Leff attributes this dearth in part to the complex personal and political views of the newspaper's Jewish publisher, Arthur Hays Sulzberger, concerning jewishness, anti-semitism, and zionism.

During the war, ''Times'' journalist William L. Laurence was "on the payroll of the War Department". Another serious charge is the accusation that ''The New York Times'', through its coverage of the Soviet Union by correspondent Walter Duranty, intentionally downplayed the Ukrainian famine of the 1930s.

Ethics incidents

In May 2003, ''Times'' reporter Jayson Blair was forced to resign from the newspaper after he was caught plagiarizing and fabricating elements of his stories. Some critics contended that Blair's race was a major factor in ''The New York Times'' initial reluctance to fire him.

Suzanne Smalley of ''Newsweek'' criticized The ''Times'' for its "credulous" coverage of the charges of rape against Duke lacrosse players. Stuart Taylor, Jr. and KC Johnson, in their book ''Until Proven Innocent: Political Correctness and the Shameful Injustices of the Duke Lacrosse Rape Case'', write: "at the head of the guilt-presuming pack, ''The New York Times'' vied in a race to the journalistic bottom with trash-TV talk shows."

In the mid to late 1950s, "fashion writer[s]... were required to come up every month with articles whose total column-inches reflected the relative advertising strength of every ["department" or "specialty"] store ["assigned" to a writer]... The monitor of all this was... the advertising director [of the ''Times'']... " However, within this requirement, story ideas may have been the reporters' and editors' own.

In February 2009, a ''Village Voice'' music blogger accused the newspaper of using "chintzy, ad-hominem allegations" in an article on British Tamil music artist M.I.A. concerning her activism against the Sinhala-Tamil conflict in Sri Lanka. M.I.A. criticized the paper in January 2010 after a travel piece rated post-conflict Sri Lanka the "#1 place to go in 2010". In June 2010, ''The New York Times Magazine'' published a correction on its cover article of M.I.A., acknowledging that the interview conducted by current ''W'' editor and then ''Times Magazine'' contributor Lynn Hirschberg contained a recontextualization of two quotes. In response to the piece, M.I.A. broadcasted Hirschberg's phone number and secret audio recordings from the interview via her Twitter and website.

See also

List of newspapers in the United States

List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times

List of The New York Times employees

Periodical publication

The New York Times Best Seller list

New York Times Index

References

External links

New York Times Timeline 2001 – present at The New York Times Company

"Talk to the Newsroom: Executive Editor", ''The New York Times'', January 28, 2009

The New York Times Index 1915

The New York Times Index Vol 6 Issues 1-2 Jan-Mar 1918

The New York Times Index Vol 8 Issue 4 Oct-Dec 1920

The New York Times Index Vol 9 Issue 2 Apr-June 1921

The New York Times Index Vol 10 Issue 1 Jan-Mar 1922

Category:Investigative news sources Category:Media in New York City Category:National newspapers published in the United States Category:Newspapers published in New York City Category:Publications established in 1851 Category:Pulitzer Prize winning newspapers Category:Worth Bingham Prize recipients

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The Neistat Brothers, Van Neistat (born Van Paul Moody in Augusta, Maine, on March 22, 1975) and Casey Neistat (born in New London, Connecticut, on March 25, 1981), are filmmakers based in New York City. Their self titled television show, ''The Neistat Brothers'', debuted on HBO in 2010. The pair have created over two hundred films, according to their website, most notably ''iPod's Dirty Secret'', focusing on Apple's policy on replacing iPod batteries, and ''Bike Thief,'' chronicling the ease with which they steal their own bicycle. Their films have been shown in film festivals, art museums and various institutions around the world.

HBO

In July 2008 Home Box Office HBO purchased a television series entitled ''The Neistat Brothers''. The eight episode series was created by Casey Neistat, Van Neistat and Tom Scott. Written and directed by Casey and Van the show is autobiographical and told from the first person. Each of the eight episodes is made up of short stories about the brothers lives. The show premiered June 4, 2010 at midnight on HBO.

iPod's Dirty Secret

They gained international fame in late 2003 for a three minute film titled ''iPod's Dirty Secret'', criticising Apple's lack of a battery replacement program for the iPod. Their film received national media exposure and brought broad attention on Apple's policy towards iPod battery replacements.

The video clip begins with a phone call to the Apple Support 800 number, and a conversation between Casey Neistat and an operator named Ryan. Casey explains that after 18 months of use his iPod battery is dead. Ryan suggests that for the cost of labor and shipping to replace the battery Casey is better off buying a new iPod. To the music of NWA's rap song "Express Yourself" the brothers begin a 'public service announcement' campaign to inform consumers about the batteries. Using a stenciled sign reading "iPod's Unreplaceable Battery Lasts Only 18 Months", they spraypaint the warning over iPod advertisement posters on the streets of Manhattan.

Reaction

The film was posted to the Internet on November 20, 2003 and within six weeks was viewed over a million times. The film quickly attracted media attention and the controversy was covered worldwide by over 130 sources including The Washington Post, Rolling Stone Magazine, Fox News, CBS News, and BBC News. The film was praised as 'wonderfully renegade' by the Washington Post.

Apple officially announced a battery replacement policy on November 14 2003 and also announced an extended iPod warranty program on November 21. The Washington Post incorrectly stated that both programs were announced "days after" the movie became public. Fox News set the date of the policy change at "two weeks" after the posting of the clip and Neil Cavuto called it a 'David and Goliath story' on Fox News Your World. Apple spokeswoman Natalie Sequeira denied any connection between the film and the new policy, stating the policy revision had been in the works for months before the film was released.

Bike Thief

The Neistat Brothers created ''Bike Thief'', a film documenting their repeated success in stealing their own bike even when making their intentions obvious, free of intervention from passersby. The video got coverage on a local Fox morning show in which they were supposed to demonstrate how easy it was to steal a bike but instead played a prank on the host by pretending to accidentally amputate a finger. Her reaction gained coverage in press and on the Internet.

Bike Lanes

A June 2011 Youtube video, "Bike Lanes", exposes New York City's campaign against illegal cycling. Casey Neistat is ticketed for riding outside a bike lane. He is then filmed riding in Manhattan's bike lanes, which are congested with parked vehicles and other obstructions (including a police car), with which he collides.

References

External links

Neistat Brothers on Facebook

YouTube Channel Page

Casey Neistat on Vimeo

Neistat Brothers Official Website

Category:Living people Category:1975 births Category:1981 births Category:IPod

Bill Cunningham (born December 11, 1947) is an American talk radio host. His full-time job is hosting ''The Big Show with Bill Cunningham'', a local show on 700 WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio. Cunningham now hosts ''Live on Sunday Night, it's Bill Cunningham'', which is syndicated to over 300 stations by Premiere Radio Networks. He is also a regular guest on Fox News Channel's ''Hannity''. Cunningham won the National Association of Broadcasters Marconi Award for Large-Market Personality of the Year in 2001.

History

Cunningham's first regular show on the station was at night, generally from 9:00 p.m. until midnight; this meant that his show was not heard during the summer months, when WLW broadcasts Cincinnati Reds baseball games. In the late 1990s, Cunningham's show was moved to early afternoons, which put his show directly opposite that of one of his favorite radio stars, Rush Limbaugh, whose show is heard on sister station 550 WKRC.

Talk-show discussion

Cunningham is a Republican (yet will often distance himself from that label in reaction to what he views as poor Republican politics), and his political views are mostly conservative sometimes libertarian. To the guests or callers whose statements or views Cunningham respects and appreciates, he will often dub them "A Great American." While Cunningham will spend a majority of his show blasting liberal politics, he will often remark about his disfavor of Republicans who do not practice conservative values by calling them "RINO's" (Republican In Name Only). Cunningham's topics include a variety of subjects, but usually focus on national and local (Greater Cincinnati) news and politics. His efforts to discuss conservative sensibilities often lead him to make "edgy" assessments, sometimes resulting in backlash. However, Cunningham will usually attempt to justify (or at least clarify) his points as they relate to local or national issues, typically at the conclusion of his on-air discussions.

Controversy

In 2001, shortly after race-related riots over the police killing of an African-American teenager who was fleeing their pursuit, Federal Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Nathaniel Jones blasted Cunningham in a speech at a local YMCA, calling the show “trash, and filth and profanity.” (Jones is a former civil rights lawyer who worked for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; Cunningham has been a frequent critic of the organization and civil rights activists in general, particularly Rev. Jesse Jackson, who Cunningham nicknames the "Rhyming Reverend.")

In December 2003, Cunningham drew more fire for making fun of Nathaniel Jones (not to be confused with the aforementioned judge), an African-American resident of Cincinnati who died after violently resisting police outside a White Castle restaurant; video of the incident again inflamed the local African-American community. Jones, who weighed more than 350 lb (159 kg), was found to have died of an enlarged heart, and various narcotics were found to be present in his body while violently resisting arrest at the time of his death, which may have contributed to his reaction to police efforts to subdue him. Cunningham made fun of Jones' obesity and apparent drug use in a skit on his show, which prompted various local civil rights groups to call for his resignation or firing.

On February 26, 2008, Cunningham created another controversy when he spoke at a campaign rally for Republican presidential candidate John McCain at Cincinnati's Memorial Hall, repeatedly referring to Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama by his full name of "Barack Hussein Obama" and calling him "a hack, Chicago-style Daley politician." Cunningham also told the crowd that the media would eventually "peel the bark off Barack Hussein Obama" and reveal his connection with indicted fundraiser Antoin Rezko and the "sweetheart deals" Obama received in Chicago. After the rally, McCain repudiated Cunningham's comments and stated that he wanted "to dissociate myself with any disparaging remarks that may have been said about" Obama. Cunningham later, unrepentantly, called John McCain John "Juan Pablo" McCain, accusing him of "(throwing him under the bus), the Straight-Talk Express."

Current talk show

On October 7, 2007, Cunningham took over the Matt Drudge show airing Sunday nights 9p-1a on 320 radio stations, including his flagship station WLW, which will occasionally preempt the show for special sports programming and does not broadcast the fourth hour (which is pre-empted for the local hour of America's Trucking Network). The show also airs in its entirety on XM Satellite Radio channel 165.

References

External links

WCPO-TV: Protestors call for resignation from WLW host

700 WLW: Bill Cunningham

McCain Disavows Comments About Obama

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:American political pundits Category:American talk radio hosts Category:Conservatism in the United States Category:Radio personalities from Cincinnati, Ohio Category:People from Covington, Kentucky

Coordinates	45°30′″N73°40′″N
name	Aron Ralston
birth date	October 27, 1975
birth place	Indianapolis, Indiana
alma mater	Carnegie Mellon University
occupation	Motivational speaker, mountaineer
spouse	Jessica Trusty }}

Aron Lee Ralston (born October 27, 1975) is an American mountain climber and public speaker. He became widely known in May 2003 when, while canyoneering in Utah, he was forced by an accident to amputate his right arm with a dull knife in order to free himself from a boulder.

The incident is documented in Ralston's autobiography ''Between a Rock and a Hard Place'', and is the subject of the 2010 film ''127 Hours''.

Personal life

Ralston is a graduate of Cherry Creek High School in Greenwood Village, Colorado. He received his college degree from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, finishing at the top of his class with degrees in mechanical engineering and French, with a minor in piano. While there, he was a member of the honor societies ''Phi Beta Kappa'' and ''Tau Beta Pi''. At Carnegie Mellon, he served as a Resident Assistant, studied abroad, and was an active intramural sports participant. He left his job as a mechanical engineer with Intel in 2002 in order to pursue a life of climbing mountains. He had the goal of climbing all of Colorado's "fourteeners", or peaks over 14,000 feet high, solo and during winter—a feat that had never been done. He has subsequently achieved this feat.

In August 2009, Ralston married Jessica Trusty, and their first child, Leo, was born in January 2010.

Accident

In April 2003, while he was hiking Blue John Canyon (in eastern Wayne County, Utah, just south of the Horseshoe Canyon Unit of Canyonlands National Park), a suspended boulder became dislodged, crushing his right forearm and pinning it against the canyon wall. Ralston had not told anybody of his hiking plans and knew no one would be searching for him. Assuming that he would die, he spent five days slowly sipping his small amount of remaining water, approximately , while trying to extricate his arm. His efforts were futile as he could not free his arm from the 800-pound rock. After three days of trying to lift and break the boulder, the dehydrated and delirious Ralston prepared to amputate his trapped right arm at a point on the mid-forearm, in order to escape. He experimented with tourniquets and made some exploratory superficial cuts to his forearm in the first few days. On the fourth day he realized that in order to free the arm, he would have to cut through his bones, but that the tools he had available were insufficient to do so. When he ran out of water on the fifth day, he carved his name, date of birth and presumed date of death into the sandstone canyon wall, and videotaped his last goodbyes to his family. He did not expect to survive the night. He found himself still alive at the dawn of the following day (Thursday, May 1, 2003). Soon thereafter, he had an epiphany—he could break his radius and ulna using torque against his trapped arm. He did so, and then performed the amputation, which took about an hour with his two-inch knife. Although he never named the manufacturer of the tool he used other than to say it was not a Leatherman, he did describe it as "what you'd get if you bought a $15 flashlight and got a free multi-use tool." After freeing himself, he still had to get back to his car. He climbed out of the slot canyon in which he had been trapped, rappelled down a sheer wall one-handed, then hiked out of the canyon in the hot midday sun. He was from his vehicle, and he had no mobile phone. While hiking out, he encountered a family on vacation from the Netherlands, Eric and Monique Meijer, and their son, Andy, who gave him water and then hurried to alert the authorities. Ralston feared he would bleed to death before that happened (by this point, he had lost 40 pounds total, including 25% of his blood volume), but by coincidence, rescuers searching for Ralston (they had been alerted that he was missing by his family and friends and had recently narrowed the search down to Canyonlands) flew by in their helicopter and he was rescued, six hours after amputating his arm.

Later, his arm was removed from under the boulder and retrieved by park authorities. According to Tom Brokaw, it took 13 men, a winch and a hydraulic jack to move the boulder so that Ralston's severed arm could be freed. The arm was cremated and given to Ralston. He returned to the accident scene with Tom Brokaw and the Dateline NBC crew six months later, on his 28th birthday, for two reasons: to film the ''Dateline NBC'' special about the accident, and to scatter the ashes of his arm where he says they belong.

Aftermath of accident

Mountaineering and adventuring

Ralston still climbs mountains prolifically, including a 2008 expedition to climb Ojos del Salado in Chile, and Monte Pissis in Argentina. In 2005, Ralston became the first person to climb all 53 of Colorado's mountains over 14,000 feet in elevation, solo in winter, a project he started in 1997 and resumed after his amputation in Blue John Canyon. In 2008, he climbed Denali and skied from the 20,320' summit. He led a 2009 expedition with his friends on the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon, and climbed Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. While Ralston still intends to climb Mount Everest some day, he did not go along with polar explorer Eric Larsen on his "Save the Poles" expedition in 2010, as was previously reported.

Media appearances

After the accident, Ralston made numerous appearances in the media. On July 21, 2003, Ralston appeared on ''The Late Show with David Letterman'';; on October 6, 2005, Ralston appeared on ''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson''. On September 10, 2004, Ralston's story was featured on a two-hour edition of ''Dateline NBC'' called "Desperate Days in Blue John Canyon". Ralston has appeared twice on ''The Today Show'', ''Good Morning America'', and ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno''. He has also appeared on ''The Ellen DeGeneres Show'', ''CNN's American Morning with Bill Hemmer'', ''Anderson Cooper 360°'', ''CNN Saturday Morning'', and ''CNBC with Deborah Norville''. In 2006, Ralston was also featured as a panelist in Miller Lite's "Man Laws" ad campaign. He also starred on the Australian interview show ''Enough Rope''.

Ralston was also named ''GQ'' Man of the Year and a ''Vanity Fair'' Person of the Year in 2003. In 2003, he was named the first Shining Star of Perseverance by the WillReturn Council of Assurant Employee Benefits. Ralston was a contestant on the US television show ''Minute To Win It'', where he won $125,000 for Wilderness Workshop. The episode aired on February 23, 2011, on NBC.

Other projects

As a corporate speaker, Ralston commands an honorarium of $25,000 per domestic speaking appearance, and up to $37,000 for international speeches. On May 4, 2007, Ralston appeared at the Swiss Economic Forum and gave a speech about "how he did not lose his hand, but gained his life back."

Ralston documented his experience in a book entitled ''Between a Rock and a Hard Place'' (ISBN 0-7434-9281-1), published by Atria Books on September 7, 2004. It reached #3 on ''The New York Times'' Hardcover Non-Fiction list. It hit #1 in New Zealand and Australia, and is the #7 best-selling autobiography of all-time in the UK.

Ralston delivered the commencement speech on May 15, 2011, at Carnegie Mellon University for the graduating class of 2011.

''127 Hours''

British film director Danny Boyle directed the film ''127 Hours'' about the true story of Ralston. Filming took place in March and April 2010, with a release in New York City and Los Angeles on November 5, 2010. Fox Searchlight Pictures funded the film. Actor James Franco played the role of Ralston. The movie received standing ovations at both the Telluride Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival. Some members of the audience in Toronto fainted due to the realistic amputation scene. The film was very well received by film critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 93% of 197 professional critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 8.2 out of 10. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor (James Franco).

References

External links

Cannonball by Atlanta Rock band Capibara: A song inspired by Aron Ralston

Redux: A Climber's Survival Tale

Aron Ralston: in his own words

The story on BBC-Outlook (26min)

The Official 127 Hours UK Facebook Page

The Official 127 Hours UK Twitter Page

Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:American amputees Category:American autobiographers Category:American motivational speakers Category:American mountain climbers Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni Category:Intel people Category:People from Aspen, Colorado Category:People from Indianapolis, Indiana

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