Dalmatia (, ; see names in other languages) is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south. Dalmatia lies in Croatia. The Dalmatian dog received its name from Dalmatia, as does the dalmatic, a Roman Catholic liturgical vestment worn by deacons and bishops.

Name

The name Dalmatia derives from the name of the tribe of the Dalmatae, which is connected with the Illyrian word delme, dele in modern Albanian, which means sheep in English.

Definitions

In antiquity the Roman province of Dalmatia was much larger than the present-day region, stretching from Istria to historical Albania. Dalmatia signified not only a geographical unit, but was an entity based on common culture and settlement types, a common narrow eastern Adriatic coastal belt, Mediterranean climate, sclerophyllous vegetation of the Illyrian province, Adriatic carbonate platform, and karst geomorphology.

Among other things, the ecclesiastical primatical territory today continues to be larger because of the history: it includes part of modern Montenegro, notably around Bar, the (honorary) Roman Catholic primas of Dalmatia, but an exempt archbishopric without suffragans while the archbishoprics of Split (also a historical primas of Dalmatia) have provincial authority over all Croatian dioceses except the exempt archbishopric of Zadar.

The southernmost transitional part of historical Dalmatia, the Gulf of Kotor, is not part of present-day Croatian Dalmatia, but part of Montenegro.

Geography and climate

Most of the area is covered by Dinaric Alps mountain ranges running from north-west to south-east. On the coasts the climate is Mediterranean, while further inland it is moderate continental. In the mountains, winters are frosty and snowy, while summers are hot and dry. To the south winters are milder. Over the centuries many forest have been cut down and replaced with bush and brush. There is evergreen vegetation on the coast. The soils are generally poor, except on the plains where areas with natural grass, fertile soils and warm summers provide an opportunity for tillage. Elsewhere, land cultivation is mostly unsuccessful because of the mountains, hot summers and poor soils, although olives and grapes flourish. The rocky karst that borders coastal areas has been producing wine grapes of high quality, especially in new vineyards being planted in the Dingač region. Energy resources of scarce. Electricity is mainly produced by hydropower stations. There is a considerable amount of bauxite.

The largest Dalmatian mountains are Dinara, Mosor, Svilaja, Biokovo, Moseć, Veliki Kozjak and Mali Kozjak. The regional geographical unit of historical Dalmatia, the coastal region between Istria and the Gulf of Kotor, includes the Orjen mountain with the highest peak in Montenegro, 1894 m. In present-day Dalmatia, the highest peak is Dinara (1913 m), which is not a coastal mountain, while the highest coastal Dinaric mountains are on Biokovo (Sv. Jure 1762 m) and Velebit (Vaganjski vrh 1758 m).

The largest Dalmatian islands are Dugi Otok, Ugljan, Pašman, Brač, Hvar, Korčula, Vis, Lastovo, and Mljet. The rivers are Zrmanja, Krka, Cetina and Neretva.

The Adriatic Sea's high water quality, along with the immense number of coves, islands and channels, makes Dalmatia an attractive place for nautical races, nautical tourism, and tourism in general. Dalmatia also includes several national parks that are tourist attractions: Paklenica karst river, Kornati archipelago, Krka river rapids and Mljet island.

Administrative division

The vast majority of Dalmatia is in Croatia and is organized into four counties:

Šibenik-Knin County, with the seat in Šibenik

Split-Dalmatia County, with the seat in Split

Zadar County, with the seat in Zadar

Dubrovnik-Neretva County, with the seat in Dubrovnik

Other large cities in Croatian Dalmatia include Biograd, Kaštela, Sinj, Solin, Omiš, Knin, Metković, Makarska, Trogir, Ploče, and Imotski.

History

Antiquity

Dalmatia's name is derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae who lived in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast in the 1st millennium BC. It was part of the Illyrian Kingdom between the 4th century BC and the Illyrian Wars (220, 168 BC) when the Roman Republic established its protectorate south of the river Neretva. The name "Dalmatia" was in use probably from the second half of the 2nd century BC and certainly from the first half of the 1st century BC, defining a coastal area of the eastern Adriatic between the Krka and Neretva rivers. It was slowly incorporated into Roman possessions until the Roman province of Illyricum was formally established around 32-27 BC. In 9 AD the Dalmatians raised the last in a series of revolts together with the Pannonians, but it was finally crushed, and in 10 AD, Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and Dalmatia which spread into larger area inland to cover all of the Dinaric Alps and most of the eastern Adriatic coast.

The historian Theodore Mommsen wrote in his book, ''The Provinces of the Roman Empire'', that all Dalmatia was fully romanized by the 4th century AD. However, analysis of archaeological material from that period has shown that the process of romanization was rather selective. While urban centers, both coastal and inland, were almost completely romanized, the situation in the countryside was completely different. Despite the Illyrians being subject to a strong process of acculturation, they continued to speak their native language, worship their own gods and traditions, and follow their own social-political tribal organization which was adapted to Roman administration and political structure only in some necessities.

The collapse of the Western Roman Empire, with the beginning of the Migration Period, left the region subject to Gothic rulers, Odoacer and Theodoric the Great. They ruled Dalmatia from 480 to 535 AD, when it was restored to the Eastern (Byzantine) Empire by Justinian I.

Middle Ages

The Middle Ages in Dalmatia were a period of intense rivalry between the involved factions. The waning Byzantine Empire, the Kingdom of Croatia (later in a personal union with Hungary), the Bosnian Kingdom and the Venetian Republic. Dalmatia at the time consisted of the coastal cities functioning much like city-states, with extensive autonomy, but in mutual conflict and without control of the rural hinterland (the Zagora). Ethnically, Dalmatia started out as a Roman region, with a romance culture that began to develop independently forming the now-extinct Dalmatian language.

In the Early Medieval period, Byzantine Dalmatia was ravaged by an Avar invasion that destroyed its capital, Salona, in 639 AD, an event that allowed for the settlement of the nearby Diocletian's Palace in Spalatum (Split) by Salonitans, greatly increasing the importance of the city. The Avars were followed by the great South Slavic migrations. The Slavs, loosely allied with the Avars, permanently settled the region in the first half of the 7th century AD and remained its predominant ethnic group ever since. The Croats soon formed their own realm: the Principality of Dalmatia, a Medieval Croatian state ruled by native Princes of Guduscan origin. The meaning of the geographical term "Dalmatia", now shrunk to the cities and their immediate hinterland. These cities and towns remained influential as they were well fortified and maintained their connection with the Byzantine Empire. The two communities were somewhat hostile at first, but as the Croats became Christianized this tension increasingly subsided. A degree of cultural mingling soon took place, in some enclaves stronger, in others weaker, as Slavic influence and culture was more accentuated in Ragusa, Spalatum, and Tragurium. In 925 AD, Duke Tomislav was crowned in Tomislavgrad, establishing the Kingdom of Croatia, and extending his influence further southwards to Zachlumia. Being an ally of the Byzantine Empire, the King was given the status of Protector of Dalmatia, and became its ''de facto'' ruler. In the High Medieval period, the Byzantine Empire was no longer able to maintain its power consistently in Dalmatia, and was finally rendered impotent so far west by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. The Venetian Republic, on the other hand, was in the ascendant, while the Kingdom of Croatia became increasingly influenced by Hungary to the north, being absorbed into it via personal union in 1102. Thus, these two factions became involved in a struggle in this area, intermittently controlling it as the balance shifted. During Emeric the Dalmatians separated from Hungary by a treaty. A consistent period of Hungarian rule in Dalmatia was ended with the Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241. The Mongols severely impaired the feudal state, so much so that that same year, King Béla IV had to take refuge in Dalmatia, as far south as the Klis fortress. The Mongols attacked the Dalmatian cities for the next few years but eventually withdrew without major success.

In 1389 Tvrtko I, the founder of the Bosnian Kingdom, was able to control the Adriatic littoral between Kotor and Šibenik, and even claimed control over the northern coast up to Rijeka, and his own independent ally, Dubrovnik (Ragusa). This was only temporary, as Hungary and the Venetians continued their struggle over Dalmatia after Tvrtko's death in 1391. By this time, the whole Hungarian and Croatian Kingdom was facing increasing internal difficulties, as a 20-year civil war ensued between the Capetian House of Anjou from the Kingdom of Naples, and King Sigismund of the House of Luxembourg. During the war, the losing contender, Ladislaus of Naples, sold his "rights" on Dalmatia to the Venetian Republic for a mere 100,000 ducats. The much more centralized Republic came to control all of Dalmatia by the year 1420, it was to remain under Venetian rule for 377 years (1420–1797).

Early modern period (1420–1815)

From 1420 to 1797 the Republic of Venice controlled most of Dalmatia, calling it ''Esclavonia'' in the 15th century, the southern enclave being called ''Albania Veneta''. Venetian was the commercial ''lingua franca'' in the Mediterranean at that time, and it heavily influenced Dalmatian and to a lesser degree coastal Croatian and Albanian.

In 1481, Dubrovnik switched allegiance to the Ottoman Empire. This gave its tradesmen advantages such as access to the Black Sea, and the Republic of Ragusa was one of fiercest competitors to Venice's merchants in the 15th and 16th century.

The Republic of Venice was also one of the powers most hostile to the Ottoman Empire's expansion, and participated in many wars against it. As the Turks took control of the hinterland, many Christians took refuge in the coastal cities of Dalmatia.

After the Great Turkish War, more peaceful times made Dalmatia experience a period of certain economic and cultural growth in the 18th century, with the re-establishment of trade and exchange with the hinterland.

The southern city of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) became de facto independent in 1358 through the Treaty of Zadar when Venice relinquished its suzerainty over it to Louis I of Hungary.

This period was abruptly interrupted with the fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797. Napoleon's troops stormed the region and ended the independence of the Republic of Ragusa as well, but saving it from occupation by the Russian Empire and Montenegro.

In 1805, Napoleon created his Kingdom of Italy around the Adriatic Sea, annexing to it the former Venetian Dalmatia from Istria to Kotor. In 1808 he annexed to this Italian Kingdom the just conquered Republic of Ragusa. A year later in 1809 he removed the Venetian Dalmatia from his Kingdom of Italy and created the Illyrian Provinces, which were annexed to France, and created his marshal Nicolas Soult duke of Dalmatia.

Napoleon's rule in Dalmatia was marked with war and high taxation, which caused several rebellions. On the other hand, French rule greatly contributed to Croatian national awakening (the first newspaper in Croatian was published then in Zadar, the ''Kraglski Dalmatin-Il Regio Dalmata''), the legal system and infrastructure were finally modernized to a degree in Dalmatia, and the educational system flourished. French rule brought a lot of improvements in infrastructure; many roads were built or reconstructed. Napoleon himself blamed Marshal Auguste Marmont, the governor of Dalmatia, that too much money was spent. However, in 1813, the Habsburgs once again declared war on France and by 1814 restored control over Dalmatia, forming a temporary Kingdom of Illyria. In 1822, in accordance with the Congress of Vienna, this entity was eliminated and Dalmatia was placed within the Austrian Empire.

19th century

At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Dalmatia was granted as a province to the Emperor of Austria. It was officially known as the Kingdom of Dalmatia.

In 1848, the Croatian Assembly (Sabor) published the People's Requests, in which they requested among other things the abolition of serfdom and the unification of Dalmatia and Croatia. The Dubrovnik Municipality was the most outspoken of all the Dalmatian communes in its support for unification with Croatia. A letter was sent from Dubrovnik to Zagreb with pledges to work for this idea. In 1849, Dubrovnik continued to lead the Dalmatian cities in the struggle for unification. A large-scale campaign was launched in the Dubrovnik paper ''L'Avvenire'' (''The Future'') based on a clearly formulated programme: the federal system for the Habsburg territories, the inclusion of Dalmatia into Croatia and the Slavic brotherhood. The president of the council of Kingdom of Dalmatia was the politician Baron Vlaho Getaldić.

In the same year, the first issue of the Dubrovnik almanac appeared, ''Flower of the National Literature'' (''Dubrovnik, cvijet narodnog književstva''), in which Petar Preradović published his noted poem "To Dubrovnik". This and other literary and journalistic texts, which continued to be published, contributed to the awakening of the national consciousness reflected in efforts to introduce the Croatian language into schools and offices, and to promote Croatian books. The Emperor Franz Joseph brought the so-called Imposed Constitution which prohibited the unification of Dalmatia and Croatia and also any further political activity with this end in view. The political struggle of Dubrovnik to be united with Croatia, which was intense throughout 1848 and 1849, did not succeed at that time.

In 1861 was the meeting of the first Dalmatian Assembly, with representatives from Dubrovnik. Representatives of Kotor came to Dubrovnik to join the struggle for unification with Croatia. The citizens of Dubrovnik gave them a festive welcome, flying Croatian flags from the ramparts and exhibiting the slogan: Ragusa with Kotor. The Kotorans elected a delegation to go to Vienna; Dubrovnik nominated Niko Pucić. Niko Pucić went to Vienna to demand not only the unification of Dalmatia with Croatia, but also the unification of all Croatian territories under one common Assembly.

At the end of the First World War, the Austrian Empire disintegrated, and Dalmatia was again split between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) which controlled most of it, and the Kingdom of Italy which held small portions of northern Dalmatia around Zadar and the islands of Cres, Lošinj and Lastovo.

20th century

In 1922, Dalmatia was divided into two provinces, the District of Split (''Splitska oblast''), with capital in Split, and the District of Dubrovnik (''Dubrovačka oblast''), with the capital in Dubrovnik.

In 1929, the Littoral Banovina (''Primorska Banovina''), a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, was formed. Its capital was Split, and it included most of Dalmatia and parts of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. Southern parts of Dalmatia were in Zeta Banovina, from the Gulf of Kotor to Pelješac peninsula including Dubrovnik.

In 1939, Littoral Banovina was joined with Sava Banovina (and with smaller parts of other banovinas) to form a new province named the Banovina of Croatia. In 1939, the ethnic Croatian areas of the Zeta Banovina from the Gulf of Kotor to Pelješac, including Dubrovnik, were merged with a new Banovina of Croatia.

During World War II, in 1941, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Hungary and Bulgaria occupied Yugoslavia, redrawing their borders. A new Nazi puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), was created, and Fascist Italy was given some parts of the Dalmatian coast, notably around Zadar and Split, as well as many of the area's islands. The remaining parts of Dalmatia became part of the NDH. Many Croats moved from the Italian-occupied area and took refuge in the satellite state of Croatia, which became the battleground for a guerrilla war between the Axis and the Yugoslav Partisans. Following the surrender of Italy in 1943, most of Italian-controlled Dalmatia was reverted to Croatian control. Zadar was razed to the ground by the Allies during World War II, so starting the exodus of its Italian population. After WWII, Dalmatia became part of the People's Republic of Croatia, part of the SFR Yugoslavia (then called the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia).

Dalmatia was divided between two federal Republics of Yugoslavia and most of the territory went to Croatia, leaving only the Bay of Kotor to Montenegro. When Yugoslavia dissolved in 1991, those borders were retained and remain in force.

During the Croatian war of Independence, most of Dalmatia was a battleground between the Croatian government and local Serb rebels, with much of the region being placed under the control of Serbs. Croatia did not regain these territories until 1995.

Gallery

Names in other languages

Italian: ''Dalmazia''

Latin: ''Dalmatia''

Greek: ''Δαλματία''

Romanian: ''Dalmaţia''

Dutch and Afrikaans: ''Dalmatië''

French: ''Dalmatie''

German: ''Dalmatien''

Hungarian: ''Dalmácia''

Polish: ''Dalmacja''

Portuguese and Hungarian: ''Dalmácia''

Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Slovenian: ''Dalmacija'', Cyrillic, Macedonian: ''Далмација''

Bulgarian: ''Далмация''

Spanish and Albanian: ''Dalmacia''

Modern Turkish and Ottoman Turkish: ''Dalmaçya''

Venetian: ''Dalmàsia''

See also

History of Dalmatia

Kingdom of Dalmatia

Dalmatian language

Illyria

Liburnia

References

External links

Vinologue:Dalmatia - Dalmatian wine guide

Category:Regions of Croatia Category:States and territories established in 10

ar:دالماسيا an:Dalmacia be-x-old:Далмацыя bs:Dalmacija br:Dalmatia bg:Далмация ca:Dalmàcia cs:Dalmácie cy:Dalmatia da:Dalmatien de:Dalmatien et:Dalmaatsia el:Δαλματία es:Dalmacia eo:Dalmatio eu:Dalmazia fa:دالماتیا fr:Dalmatie fy:Dalmaasje (regio) fur:Dalmazie gl:Dalmacia ko:달마티아 hr:Dalmacija id:Dalmatia os:Далмаци it:Dalmazia he:דלמטיה ka:დალმაცია sw:Dalmatia la:Dalmatia lt:Dalmatija hu:Dalmácia mk:Далмација ms:Dalmatia nl:Dalmatia ja:ダルマチア no:Dalmatia nn:Dalmatia pl:Dalmacja pt:Dalmácia ro:Dalmația ru:Далмация sq:Dalmacia sk:Dalmácia sl:Dalmacija sr:Далмација sh:Dalmacija fi:Dalmatia sv:Dalmatien th:ดัลเมเชีย tr:Dalmaçya uk:Далмація vec:Dalmàsia wo:Dalmasi zh:達爾馬提亞

name	Kim Heechul
background	solo_singer
birth name	Kim Hee-chul
alias	Heenim, Cinderella, SuJu F4
birth date	July 10, 1983
birth place	Hoengseong, Gangwon, South Korea
origin	Seoul, South Korea
instrument	Piano, drums
genre	Pop, dance, trot
occupation	Singer, dancer, actor, television host, radio host, MC, model
years active	2001–present
label	SM Entertainment
associated acts	SM Town, Super Junior, Super Junior-T, M&D;
website
notable instruments	}}

Color	khaki
Hangul	김희철
Hanja
Rr	Gim Huicheol
Mr	Kim Hŭich'ŏl}}

Kim Hee-chul (born July 10, 1983), sometimes mononymously credited as Heechul, is a Korean pop singer, actor, presenter, disc jockey and a member of the popular 13-member boy band Super Junior.

Pre-Super Junior

He was discovered at Starlight Casting System October 2002 where he joined the auditions on a whim with his friends. Even though he was late because of unfamiliar places, he still passed the audition because of his dance. Initially, Heechul was placed in a four-member project group called, "Four Seasons." This group included other members Jaejoong, Yunho, and Kangin. The prospective group never came through though as both Jaejoong and Yunho were chosen to join another all-male singing group, TVXQ, which debuted in December 2003. With two members gone, the idea of Four Seasons dropped. Heechul and Kangin were then placed in Super Junior along with ten other trainees under the same company. This project group managed through well and debuted two years later on November 6, 2005 under the name Super Junior 05, the first generation of Super Junior. The initial plan for this group is that members would be continuously cycled in and then fazed out into other projects.

Other activities of Heechul before his official debut include modeling, acting, and VJing. He made his first appearance on TV starring in the teen drama “Banolim 2”.

Official debut: Super Junior

On November 6, 2005, Kim Heechul officially debuted as part of Super Junior 05 on SBS' ''Inkigayo'', performing the group's first single “TWINS (Knock Out)”. The group was supposed to comprise the first generation of Super Junior. In early 2006, SM Entertainment was beginning to recruit new members for the next Super Junior generation, Super Junior 06, where Heechul would still be an undergraduate member. However, plans changed. The company decided to add a thirteenth member, Kyuhyun, and declared a halt in forming future Super Junior generations. The group dropped the suffix “05″ and became officially credited as Super Junior.

The re-polished group hit it big after it released the first CD single “U” the following summer in 2006. "U" became Super Junior’s most successful single in the music charts until the release of “Sorry, Sorry” in March 2009. However, setbacks occurred for the promotions of “U” in the later half of the year when Heechul suffered a major injury from a car accident that occurred on August 10, 2006.

Car accident

On August 10, 2006, Heechul was involved in a car accident while heading back to Seoul from Mokpo after attending the funeral of fellow Super Junior member Donghae’s father. The tires malfunctioned while his car attempted to switch lanes. Heechul fractured his left leg in five places, including his femur, knee, and ankle, requiring him to be in surgery for six hours. He also sustained other injuries, including a tear in his tongue which required stitches.

Heechul was advised to stop all activities for a period of twelve weeks. He was released from the hospital on September 13, 2006 but he continued to receive out-patient care. He returned to the hospital to have a second surgery to remove some of the iron rods in his leg on October 10 and briefly returned to work in late October to film the final three episodes of an MBC youth sitcom while still in a cast and on a wheelchair. He made his comeback on November 25 of the same year during the Mnet KM Music Festival (MKMF) Awards but it was only in late December that Heechul officially returned to individual activities such as variety show appearances and hosting appearances.

In 2007, Heechul started to perform regularly despite still having a few rods that the doctors had attached to his leg. In late April and May 2007, he had recovered enough to be able to take part in Super Junior's strenuous dance routines. The remaining rods in his leg were removed in 2008.

Super Junior-T

Heechul became part of a Super Junior sub-group, Super Junior-T, which debuted on February 23, 2007 with the Trot “teuroteu” single “Rokuko!!!” (65 로꾸거; [RoKuGo (backwards) spelled backwards]).

2007 - present

In 2007, Heechul participated in Super Junior's second album ''Don't Don'', the band's “Super Show” tour, and filmed Super Junior's first movie ''Attack on the Pin-Up Boys''.

In 2008, he was active in Super Junior's activities: the visit to Japan, their second photobook ''Boys at City Season 2'' (shot in Tokyo) and the ''Super Show Encore'' concert.

In 2009, Super Junior released their third album ''Sorry, Sorry'', which was released on March 13. Their title song "Sorry Sorry" was immensely popular and claimed #1 positions on all major charts. After the first week of sales, the album topped the Hanteo Chart, with 30,000 copies sold just on its first day of release. As well as this, the song achieved its first #1 on KBS's ''Music Bank'' on March 27 - only two weeks after their comeback stage. The song continued to prove it's popularity, winning a total of 5 #1's on Music Bank and a triple crown on SBS's ''Inkigayo''.

The group then released a follow up repackage of their third album called ''It's You'', which was released on May 11. The comeback performance was made on May 17 on SBS's ''Inkigayo'', and on the following week made performances on KBS's ''Music Bank'', where they won their first K-Chart for the song on May 22. The promotions for the song was cut short due to the group's second live concert tour.

On May 13, 2010, Super Junior released their fourth album ''Bonamana'' and made a comeback stage on KBS ''Music Bank'' on the 14th. The album once again proved the group's popularity, selling over 36,000 copies on its first day of release - more than that of their third album.

On June 28, 2010, Super Junior released their repackaged album with three new tracks - "No Other", "All My Heart", "A Short Journey" - and the remixed version of "Shake It Up!".

M&D;

Heechul formed a project group, M&D;, with fellow label mate, Kim Jungmo of TRAX in 2011. M&D; stands for "midnight and dawn", and also the hometowns of Jungmo and Heechul, "Miari and Dangae-dong".

On June 23, 2011, the music video of their title track, 'Close Ur Mouth' was released. Heechul wrote the lyrics while Jungmo wrote and played all the instruments for the song. Heechul also directed the music video.

M&D; performed their first stage at Mnet’s summer awards ceremony, "20’s Choice" on July 7, 2011.

Television and acting career

Like bandmate Kibum, Heechul made his first television appearance as an actor before the debut of Super Junior. He starred in the 2005 teen drama, ''Sharp 2,'' in which he acted alongside Kibum. Not long afterwards, Heechul appeared in an episode of ''Loveholic'' as a chef trainee. After the debut of Super Junior, Heechul teamed with Kibum again to star in the sixth season of ''Nonstop'', alternatively known as ''Rainbow Romance''. In 2006, Heechul starred as the supporting character Gong Min in ''Bad Family''. In 2007, he starred in the popular family drama ''Golden Bride'' as Kim Young-soo.

Heechul began to appear on numerous variety shows such as ''Vitamin'', ''Sponge'', ''Xman'' and ''Love Letter''. Kim Heechul can also be seen in advertisements for various Korean brands.

From September 9 to November 9, 2008, Heechul and Kangin starred in the Korean version of the musical ''Xanadu'', sharing the lead role Sonny. Auditions and casting picks were done via a reality television (''To Be Kangin and Heechul''), which also served to promote the musical.

Heechul was also on a TV show called ''Joahseo'' or ''Good Daddy'', where he and three other celebrities, including Lee HongKi from FT Island, learned to be good fathers by caring for a "daughter". After ''Good Daddy'' show, he become close friend with Lee HongKi and their close relationship enable them to be chosen in Save Energy Campaign in the middle of 2009. Heechul was also in “Band of Brothers” with Super Junior's Kangin, and Jungmo and Jay from “The TRAX”. In the show, the band paid tribute to famous and different groups during their showcase at the end of the program.

Hosting stints

Heechul began hosting before his music debut. He was a regular MC for the cable music show ''Show! Music Tank''. He was also a substitute MC for Andy of Shinhwa on SBS ''Inki Gayo'' on numerous occasions. Heechul also became a permanent host for SBS ''Inki Gayo'' with Korean actor Jang Geun Suk on February 25, 2007.

He hosted his own radio show, ''SBS Power FM Youngstreet'' along with Park Heebon, but the program ended in mid-2006. After the 55-episode drama ''Loving You Ten Million Times'' ended in early 2010, he returned to SBS radio as a DJ to host his own radio program, "HeeChul's Young Street." The show, which started airing on 29 March 2010, is broadcast by Power FM 107.7 MHz from 8:00 to 10:00 pm (Korea Time). The program is his first comeback as a DJ in four years. He has however, left the program in mid-2011.

In May 2010, he was announced as a regular cast member on ''Family Outing 2''. The show ended two months later due to low ratings.

Kim Heechul is currently part of the four member cast for The Radio Star section of ''Goldfish''.

Internet

Heechul is well-known to fans as a netizen due to the large amount of time he spends on the internet. He was even called out on the fact by fellow group member Eunhyuk on the 17/09/09 episode of SBS ''Intimate Note'', who jokingly asked him whether his occupation was a netizen or a music artist, because he spent more time managing his webpage than actually singing.

Most recently, Heechul has been very active on Twitter. On October 9, he created a personal Facebook, which collected 5,000 friend requests within 5 minutes. He was also a worldwide trending topic on Twitter for four days (from 9 Oct 2010 to 12 Oct 2010).

Discography

Filmography

TV Series

''Loveholic:'' “Young Chef/Cameo” (KBS, 2005)

''Sharp 2:'' “Baek Jin-woo” (KBS2, 2005)

''Bad Family:'' “Gong Min” (SBS, 2006)

''Rainbow Romance:'' “Himself” (MBC 2005-2007)

''Golden Bride:'' “Kim Young-soo” (SBS, 2008)

''TaeHee HyeGyo JiHyun:'' “Himself/Cameo” (MBC, 2009)

''I Love You Ten Million Times:'' “Lee Chul” (SBS, 2009–2010)

Films

''Attack on the Pin-Up Boys:'' “Himself” (2007)

Music video appearances

"Flight Girl" (비행소녀) – Magolpy [Vitamin Entertainment, Korea] with Kangin & Shindong

[2010] "가슴이 차가운 남자 (Let You Go)" - TRAX (band) with Victoria Song

[2010] "Shady Girl"- Sistar

Disc jockey

Young Street Radio (영스트리트) : November 1, 2005–April 30, 2006 (with Park Heebon)

SBS Power FM, HeeChul's Young Street: 29 March 2010 – present

References

External links

Super Junior Official Site

Official Twitter Page

Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:K-pop singers Category:Japanese-language singers Category:Korean-language singers Category:South Korean dancers Category:South Korean male singers Category:South Korean pianists Category:South Korean idols Category:South Korean rhythm and blues singers Category:South Korean pop singers Category:South Korean film actors Category:South Korean television actors Category:South Korean television presenters Category:South Korean television personalities Category:South Korean radio presenters Category:Super Junior members Category:Super Junior-T members Category:Sangji University alumni

de:Kim Hee-chul es:Heechul fr:Kim Heechul ko:김희철 (1983년) id:Kim Heechul ja:キム・ヒチョル tl:Kim Hee Chul th:ฮีชอล vi:Heechul zh:希澈

"The Man" is a slang phrase that may refer to the government or to some other authority in a position of power. In addition to this derogatory connotation, it may also serve as a term of respect and praise.

The phrase "the Man is keeping me down" is commonly used to describe oppression. The phrase "stick it to the Man" encourages resistance to authority, and essentially means "fight back" or "resist", either openly or via sabotage.

History

The term "the Man" in the American sense dates back to the late 19th Century. In the Southern U.S. states, the phrase came to be applied to any man or any group in a position of authority, or to authority in the abstract. From about the 1950s the phrase was also an underworld code word for police, the warden of a prison or other law enforcement or penal authorities.

It was also used as a term for a drug dealer in the 1950s and 1960s and can be seen in such media as Curtis Mayfield's "No Thing On Me", William Burroughs's novel ''Naked Lunch'', and in the Velvet Underground song "I'm Waiting for the Man", in which Lou Reed sings about going to Uptown Manhattan, specifically Lexington Avenue and 125th Street, to buy heroin.

The use of this term was expanded to counterculture groups and their battles against authority, such as the Yippies, which, according to a May 19, 1969 article in ''U.S. News and World Report'', had the "avowed aim ... to destroy 'The Man', their term for the present system of government". The term eventually found its way into humorous usage, such as in a December 1979 motorcycle ad from the magazine ''Easyriders'' which featured the tagline, "California residents: Add 6% sales tax for The Man."

In present day, the phrase has been popularized in commercials and cinema.

Use as praise

The term has also been used as an approbation or form of praise. This may refer to the recipient's status as the leader or authority within a particular context, or it might be assumed to be a shortened form of a phrase like "He is the man (who is in charge)." One example of this usage dates to 1879 when Otto von Bismarck commented, referring to Benjamin Disraeli's pre-eminent position at the Congress of Berlin, "The old Jew, he is the man."

In more modern usage, it can be a superlative compliment ("you da man!") indicating that the subject is currently standing out amongst his peers even though they have no special designation or rank, such as a basketball player who is performing better than the other players on the court. It can also be used as a genuine compliment with an implied, slightly exaggerated or sarcastic tone, usually indicating that the person has indeed impressed the speaker but by doing something relatively trivial.

See also

Absentee landlord

Big Brother (''Nineteen Eighty-Four'')

New World Order (conspiracy theory)

Ruling class

The Establishment

Power elite

Corrections officer

YTMND

Notes

References

Lighter, J.E. (Ed.). (1997). ''Random House Dictionary of American Slang''. New York: Random House.

Category:Slang expressions Category:Stock characters Category:English idioms Category:Pejorative terms for people Category:Military-industrial complex