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Alexandra of Denmark
Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Empress of India from 1901 to 1910 as the consort of Edward VII.
http://wn.com/Alexandra_of_Denmark -
Andie MacDowell
Rosalie Anderson "Andie" MacDowell (born April 21, 1958) is an American model and actress. She has received the Golden Camera and an Honorary César.
http://wn.com/Andie_MacDowell -
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer of musical theatre. He started composing at the age of six, and published his first piece at the age of nine.
http://wn.com/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber -
Ariel Dorfman
Vladimiro Ariel Dorfman (born May 6, 1942) is an Argentine-Chilean-American novelist, playwright, essayist, academic, and human rights activist. A citizen of the United States since 2004, he has been a professor of literature and Latin American Studies at Duke University, in Durham, North Carolina since 1985.
http://wn.com/Ariel_Dorfman -
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned after his election to the presidency in November 2008.
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama -
Brooke Shields
Brooke Christa Shields (born May 31, 1965) is an American actress, author and model. Some of her better-known movies include Pretty Baby and The Blue Lagoon, as well as TV shows such as Suddenly Susan, ''That 70's Show and Lipstick Jungle''.
http://wn.com/Brooke_Shields -
Carson McCullers
Carson McCullers (February 19, 1917 – September 29, 1967) was an American writer. She wrote novels, short stories, and two plays, as well as essays and some poetry. Her first novel The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter explores the spiritual isolation of misfits and outcasts of the South. Her other novels have similar themes and are all set in the South.
http://wn.com/Carson_McCullers -
Davi Napoleon
Davi Napoleon, aka Davida Skurnick (born 1946) is an American theater historian and critic. She is a theater columnist for The Faster Times, an online newspaper, and a regular contributor to Live Design, a monthly magazine about entertainment design and designers. She is an expert on the not-for-profit theater in America and author of .
http://wn.com/Davi_Napoleon -
David Evans Shaw
David E. (Evans) Shaw is an American managing partner of Black Point Group, a private investment partnership with a concentration in health care and technology. Among the firm's investments are Ikaria Holdings Inc, a pharmaceutical company, where he serves as executive chair, and FetchDog.com, a catalog and website for dog owners.
http://wn.com/David_Evans_Shaw -
Des McAnuff
Desmond McAnuff (born 19 June 1952) is the Canadian-American artistic director of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival and director of musical theatre of such Broadway productions as Big River, ''The Who's Tommy and Jersey Boys''.
http://wn.com/Des_McAnuff -
Eddie Braben
Eddie Braben (born 31 October 1930 in Liverpool, England) is a comedy writer and performer who has provided material for such figures as David Frost and Ronnie Corbett, and who is most famous for having written for Ken Dodd and Morecambe and Wise.
http://wn.com/Eddie_Braben -
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine (in French: Aliénor d’Aquitaine, Éléonore de Guyenne) (1122 – 1 April 1204) was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages. As well as being Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, she was queen consort of France 1137–1152 and queen consort of England 1154–1189. She was the patroness of such literary figures as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-More, and Chrétien de Troyes.
http://wn.com/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine -
Glen Roven
Glen Roven is an Emmy Award-winning composer, lyricist, and conductor. One of his notable compositions include a violin concerto based on the children's book The Runaway Bunny. Another notable composition is "Goodnight Moon, An Aria for Singer and Orchestra" which Lauren Flanigan performed in Central Park May 9, 2010 for an audience of 10,000. It was subsequently performed at Carnegie Hall, Alice Tully Hall and the Kimmel Center. He is the Artist Director of "GPR Records" where he conceived and produced "Poetic License 100 Poems/100 Performers" where artists such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, Patti LuPone, Jason Alexander, Cynthia Nixon, etc. perform their favorite poem. The CD has become the best selling Poetry CD of all time. "Pandora's Box", for which he wrote music and lyrics, will be performed at the NYMF Festival October 8 starring Kerry Butler and Deidre Goodwin.
http://wn.com/Glen_Roven -
Greta Garbo
Greta Garbo (18 September 1905 - 15 April 1990) was a Swedish actress primarily known for her work in the United States during Hollywood's silent film period and part of its subsequent Golden Age. Once moving to Hollywood, she appeared in only 27 movies, yet she remains one of the most popular and recognizable Hollywood stars. The MGM marketing ploy "Garbo talks" became a catch-phrase of the 1930s. Her popularity with the Depression-era audiences allowed her to dictate the terms of her contract in 1932, and she became increasingly choosy about her roles. After 1941, she accepted no more roles, and retired to an apartment in New York City.
http://wn.com/Greta_Garbo -
Hamish McColl
Hamish McColl (born 1962) is a British comedian, writer and actor. He trained at the Ecole Phillippe Gaulier, Paris and Cambridge University. With Sean Foley, he formed the double act The Right Size in 1988, creating comic theatre shows which toured all over the world. more recently he has worked as a screenwriter, scripting ''Mr. Bean's Holiday'' and Johnny English Reborn.
http://wn.com/Hamish_McColl -
Harrison Ford
Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an American film actor and producer. Ford is best known for his performances as Han Solo in the original Star Wars trilogy and as the title character of the Indiana Jones film series. He is also known for his roles as Rick Deckard in Blade Runner, John Book in Witness and Jack Ryan in Patriot Games and Clear and Present Danger. His four-decade career also includes roles in several other Hollywood blockbusters, including Presumed Innocent, The Fugitive, Air Force One, and What Lies Beneath. At one point, four of the top five box-office hits of all time included one of his roles. Five of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry.
http://wn.com/Harrison_Ford -
Howard Dean
Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is an American politician and physician from the U.S. state of Vermont. He served six terms as the 79th Governor of Vermont and ran unsuccessfully for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2005 to 2009.
http://wn.com/Howard_Dean -
Janet McTeer
Janet McTeer, OBE (born 8 May 1961) is a British actress.
http://wn.com/Janet_McTeer -
Jeremy Irons
Jeremy John Irons (born 19 September 1948) is an English actor. After receiving classic training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, Irons began his acting career on stage in 1969, and had since appeared in many London theatre productions including ''The Winter's Tale, Macbeth, Much Ado About Nothing, The Taming of the Shrew, and Richard II''. In 1984, he made his Broadway debut in Tom Stoppard's The Real Thing and received a Tony Award for Best Actor.
http://wn.com/Jeremy_Irons -
Luigi Pirandello
Luigi Pirandello (; 28 June 1867 – 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, and short story writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1934, for his "bold and brilliant renovation of the drama and the stage." Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Typical for Pirandello is to show how art or illusion mixes with reality and how people see things in a very different way — words are unreliable and reality is at the same time true and false. Pirandello's tragic farces are often seen as forerunners for Theatre of the Absurd.
http://wn.com/Luigi_Pirandello -
Mary Elsie Moore
Mary Elsie Moore (October 22, 1889-December 21, 1941) was an American heiress who married and divorced Italian prince Don Marino Torlonia, 4th prince of Civitella-Cesi.
http://wn.com/Mary_Elsie_Moore -
Mia Wasikowska
Mia Wasikowska ( ; born 14 October 1989) is an Australian actress. After starting her career in Australian shorts and feature-length films, she first became known to a wider audience following her critically acclaimed work on the HBO television series In Treatment. She gained worldwide prominence in 2010 after starring as Alice in Tim Burton's $1-billion grossing Alice in Wonderland and appearing in the Sundance Film Festival hit The Kids Are All Right. In 2011, she will star in Gus Van Sant's Restless and portray the title character in Sin Nombre director Cary Fukunaga's adaptation of Jane Eyre.
http://wn.com/Mia_Wasikowska -
Michael Frayn
Michael J. Frayn (born 8 September 1933) is an English playwright and novelist. He is best known as the author of the farce Noises Off and the dramas Copenhagen and Democracy. His novels, such as Towards the End of the Morning, Headlong and Spies, have also been critical and commercial successes, making him one of the handful of writers in the English language to succeed in both drama and prose fiction. His works often raise philosophical questions in a humorous context. Frayn's wife is Claire Tomalin, the biographer and literary journalist.
http://wn.com/Michael_Frayn -
Mobutu Sese Seko
Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga (14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997), commonly known as Mobutu or Mobutu Sese Seko ( in English), born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (also known as Zaire for much of his reign) from 1965 to 1997. While in office, he formed an authoritarian regime, amassed vast personal wealth, and attempted to purge the country of all colonial cultural influence, while also maintaining an anti-communist stance.
http://wn.com/Mobutu_Sese_Seko -
Paul Giovanni
Paul Giovanni (1933-1990) was an American playwright, actor, director, singer and musician. New Yorker Giovanni was best known for writing the music for the 1973 British horror film The Wicker Man. The soundtrack, which was eventually released by itself in 2002, uses Celtic musical themes, traditional instrumentation played by folk-rock group Magnet and a combination of ancient pagan verse, as well as Giovanni’s own lyrics. After this Giovanni returned to New York where he produced the play The Crucifer of Blood, which was filmed for TV. He also composed a musical entitled Shot Through The Heart, which is still yet to be performed. He died from AIDS on June 17, 1990.
http://wn.com/Paul_Giovanni -
People Magazine
http://wn.com/People_Magazine -
Placido Domingo
http://wn.com/Placido_Domingo -
Preston Sturges
Preston Sturges (29 August 1898 – 6 August 1959), originally Edmund Preston Biden, was a celebrated screenwriter and film director born in Chicago, Illinois. In 1941 he won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film The Great McGinty.
http://wn.com/Preston_Sturges -
Richard Rodgers
Richard Charles Rodgers (June 28, 1902 – December 30, 1979) was an American composer of music for more than 900 songs and for 43 Broadway musicals. He also composed music for films and television. He is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II. His compositions have had a significant impact on popular music down to the present day, and have an enduring broad appeal.
http://wn.com/Richard_Rodgers -
Robert Bilheimer
Robert Bilheimer, President of Worldwide Documentaries, Inc., is a director, writer, and producer with an international background in film, theatre, journalism, and creative writing, focusing on subjects of cultural, social, and humanitarian interest. As a filmmaker, his subjects range from the plays of Samuel Beckett to the vast complexity of the global AIDS epidemic, and its underlying causes. Among the many recognitions and awards for his work, Robert has received his profession's highest honor—an Academy Award nomination—for Best Documentary Feature for Cry of Reason, a feature-length documentary that tells the story of South African anti-apartheid leader Beyers Naude.
http://wn.com/Robert_Bilheimer -
Sheldon Harnick
Sheldon Harnick (born 30 April 1924) is an American lyricist best known for his collaborations with composer Jerry Bock on hit musicals such as Fiddler on the Roof.
http://wn.com/Sheldon_Harnick -
Sherman Brothers
The Sherman Brothers are an American songwriting duo that specialize in musical films, made up of Robert B. Sherman (born December 19, 1925) and Richard M. Sherman (born June 12, 1928).
http://wn.com/Sherman_Brothers -
Sunny von Bulow
http://wn.com/Sunny_von_Bulow -
Sunny von Bülow
Martha Sharp Crawford von Bülow (September 1, 1932 – December 6, 2008), known as Sunny von Bülow, was an American heiress and socialite. Her husband, Claus von Bülow, was convicted of attempting her murder by insulin overdose, but the conviction was overturned on appeal. A second trial found him not guilty, after experts opined that there was no insulin injection and that her symptoms were attributable to over-use of prescription drugs. The story was dramatized in the book and movie, Reversal of Fortune. Sunny von Bülow lived almost 28 years in a persistent vegetative state until her death in a New York nursing home on December 6, 2008.
http://wn.com/Sunny_von_Bülow -
Taliaferro
Taliaferro, Tolliver, or Toliver (all ), is a prominent family in the United States Commonwealth of Virginia. The Taliaferros (originally Tagliaferro, ironcutter in Italian) are one of the early families who settled in Virginia in the 17th century. They migrated from London, where an ancestor had served as a musician in the court of Queen Elizabeth I, but their origins were in northern Italy.
http://wn.com/Taliaferro -
Tim Story
Timothy Kevin Story (born March 13, 1970) is an African-American film director. Born in Los Angeles, California, he attended Westchester High School in Los Angeles with jazz pianist Eric Reed and actresses Regina King and Nia Long. He was senior class president at Westchester High. He graduated from the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts in 1991. His twin sister, Tamryn, was a basketball star at USC. He lives in LA with his wife and two daughters. He is the founder of The Story Company, an entertainment production company that he started with his wife in 1996.
http://wn.com/Tim_Story -
Tom Stoppard
Sir Tom Stoppard OM, CBE, FRSL (born 3 July 1937) is an influential British playwright, knighted in 1997. He has written prolifically for TV, radio, film and stage, finding prominence with plays such as Arcadia, The Coast of Utopia, Every Good Boy Deserves Favour, Professional Foul, The Real Thing, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. He co-wrote the screenplays for Brazil and Shakespeare in Love and has won one Academy Award and four Tony Awards. Themes of human rights, censorship and political freedom pervade his work along with exploration of linguistics and philosophy.
http://wn.com/Tom_Stoppard -
Tony Walton
Tony Walton (born Anthony John Walton, 24 October 1934) is an English set and costume designer.
http://wn.com/Tony_Walton -
William Congreve
William Congreve (24 January 1670 – 19 January 1729) was an English playwright and poet.
http://wn.com/William_Congreve
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Belgian Congo
The Belgian Congo (French: Congo Belge, Dutch: ) was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between King Leopold II's formal relinquishment of his personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.
http://wn.com/Belgian_Congo -
Broadway theatre
Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 40 large professional theatres with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York and in Lincoln Center, in Manhattan, New York City.Although theater is the preferred spelling in the U.S.A. (see further at American and British English Spelling Differences), the majority of venues, performers, and trade groups for live dramatic presentations use the spelling theatre. Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.
http://wn.com/Broadway_theatre -
Choate Rosemary Hall
Choate Rosemary Hall
http://wn.com/Choate_Rosemary_Hall -
Connecticut
Connecticut () (state code CT) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and New York to the west and south (because various islands of New York span Connecticut's entire coast).
http://wn.com/Connecticut -
Helen Hayes Theatre
Helen Hayes Theatre (formerly the Little Theatre, New York Times Hall and Winthrop Ames Theatre) with 597 seats is the smallest Broadway theatre and is located at 240 West 44th Street in midtown-Manhattan.
http://wn.com/Helen_Hayes_Theatre -
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution.
http://wn.com/Princeton_University -
St. Martin's Lane
'''St. Martin's Lane''' is a street in Central London, which runs from the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, after which it is named, near Trafalgar Square northwards to Long Acre.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Venice Film Festival
The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice, Italy. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi. It is one of the world's most prestigious film festivals and is part of the Venice Biennale, a major biennial exhibition and festival for contemporary art.
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Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia () is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" because it is the birthplace of eight U.S. presidents. The geography and climate of the state are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The state population is nearly eight million.
http://wn.com/Virginia
- Academy Award
- Academy Awards
- AIDS
- Air Force One (film)
- Albert Nobbs
- Alexandra of Denmark
- Andie MacDowell
- Andrew Lloyd Webber
- Ariel Dorfman
- BAFTA Film Award
- Barack Obama
- Barnum (musical)
- Belgian Congo
- Benefactors (play)
- Broadway theatre
- Brooke Shields
- Brush with Fate
- Busker Alley
- CableACE Award
- cameo appearance
- Carnegie Hall
- Carson McCullers
- Choate Rosemary Hall
- Connecticut
- Cookie's Fortune
- Cruella de Vil
- Cy Coleman
- Damages (TV series)
- Dangerous Liaisons
- Davi Napoleon
- David Evans Shaw
- Des McAnuff
- DNA sequencing
- Donostia Award
- Eddie Braben
- Eleanor of Aquitaine
- Emmy Award
- Emmy Awards
- Evening (film)
- Fatal Attraction
- femme fatale
- FX (TV channel)
- FX (TV network)
- Gertrude (Hamlet)
- GLAAD Media Awards
- Glen Roven
- Golden Globe
- Golden Globes
- Gotham Award
- Gracie Allen Award
- Grammy
- Greta Garbo
- Hallmark
- Hamish McColl
- Hamlet (1990 film)
- Harrison Ford
- Heights (film)
- Helen Hayes Theatre
- Home (2009 film)
- Home (documentary)
- Hoodwinked!
- Hook (film)
- Howard Dean
- Immediate Family
- In & Out
- In the Gloaming
- Jagged Edge (film)
- Janet McTeer
- Jeremy Irons
- John Edwards
- Le Divorce
- Len Cariou
- Light Years (film)
- Luigi Pirandello
- Mars Attacks!
- Mary Elsie Moore
- Mary Reilly (film)
- Meeting Venus
- Mia Wasikowska
- Michael Frayn
- Mobutu Sese Seko
- Moral Re-Armament
- Norma Desmond
- Obie
- Obie Award
- Patty Hewes
- Paul Giovanni
- PBS
- People Magazine
- Phi Beta Kappa
- Phineas T. Barnum
- Placido Domingo
- Plymouth Theatre
- Post Cereals
- Preston Sturges
- Princeton University
- Reversal of Fortune
- Rex (musical)
- Richard Rodgers
- Robert Bilheimer
- Robert Van Nutt
- Royal Albert Hall
- Sean Foley
- Sheldon Harnick
- Sherman Brothers
- Skylark (1993 film)
- St. Martin's Lane
- Strip Search
- Sunny von Bulow
- Sunny von Bülow
- Taliaferro
- Tarzan (1999 film)
- Tarzan II
- The Big Chill (film)
- The Natural (film)
- The Paper
- The Shield
- Tim Story
- Tom Stoppard
- Tony award
- Tony Awards
- Tony Walton
- United States
- Up With People
- Venice Film Festival
- vice-president
- Virginia
- Will and Grace
- William Close
- William Congreve
- Yann Arthus-Bertrand
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Trailer: Home (2009)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Published: 06 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 25 Feb 2012
- Author: 2OthCenturyFox
Home is a 2009 documentary by Yann Arthus-Bertrand. The film is entirely composed of aerial shots of various places around Earth. It shows the diversity of life on Earth and how humanity is threatening the ecological balance of the planet. The movie was released simultaneously on June 5th in cinemas all over the world, on DVD and on YouTube. Released on the same date in 50 countries is a world record for any film release in history. The film is 100% free, and no profits will be made from its release or future showings.
http://wn.com/Trailer_Home_2009
HOME (Kino-Trailer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Published: 24 Apr 2009
- Uploaded: 28 Feb 2012
- Author: homeprojectDE
In den 200.000 Jahren seiner Existenz hat der Mensch ein Gleichgewicht gestört, das sich in 4 Milliarden Jahren entwickelt hat. Der Preis dafür ist hoch, doch es ist zu spät, um sich Pessimismus leisten zu können. Es bleiben der Menschheit kaum noch 10 Jahre, um den Trend umzukehren: Wir müssen Schluss machen mit der maßlosen Ausbeutung der Reichtümer dieser Erde und müssen unsere Konsumgewohnheiten ändern. HOME ist ein Spielfilm von Yann Arthus-Bertrand in Koproduktion mit EuropaCorp (Unternehmen von Luc Besson) und Elzévir Films mit der Unterstützung durch PPR. HOME besteht aus Luftbildaufnahmen, die die großen ökologischen Fragen behandeln und gleichzeitig zeigen, dass es Lösungen gibt. HOME erscheint am 5. Juni 2009 auf der ganzen Welt und in allen Medienformaten. Ziel ist es, möglichst viele Menschen zu erreichen und uns alle davon zu überzeugen, dass wir jede Verantwortung für diesen Planeten tragen. Am 5. Juni haben wir alle eine Verabredung mit dieser Erde! www.home-2009.com
http://wn.com/HOME_Kino-Trailer
Home - Trailer 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Published: 14 Apr 2009
- Uploaded: 21 Oct 2011
- Author: BrazilTrailers
Existem momentos congelados sob vidro. Inga (Academia prêmio vencedor Marcia Gay Harden) é um poeta. Ela quer comprar e restaurar uma casa que ela é desenhada para que ela lembra de sua infância casa, mas seu marido distante Hermann (Michael Gaston) vê-lo ou de pouco valor em muitas das coisas Inga ama. Inga percebe que muitas coisas em sua vida são próximos círculo completo. Seu casamento está desmoronando um forte contraste com o seu relacionamento com seus 8 anos de idade, filha, (Eulala Scheel, Ms. Harden da vida real filha) com quem ela partes esperanças, medos e pensamentos mais interiores, após a sua recuperação a partir de mama câncer. Por volta do dia as suas vidas parecem mágicos, cheio de nuvens assistindo, pipa voar e preguiçoso Verão unidades. Mas à noite, Inga é atormentada por seu casamento, a sua falta de intimidade e de seu medo de sua própria mortalidade. Ao tecer otimismo em sua vida é a história em sua própria escrita de que ela ouve o eco da sua mãe e as experiências da viagem a revelação de que ela permite a transformação.
http://wn.com/Home__Trailer_2009
Last House On The Left (2009) - Official Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 12 Feb 2011
- Uploaded: 01 Mar 2012
- Author: horrornymphs
After kidnapping and brutally assaulting two young women, a gang led by a prison escapee unknowingly finds refuge at a vacation home belonging the parents of one of the victims -- a mother and father who devise an increasingly gruesome series of revenge tactics. A remake to a 1972 original movie by Wes Craven (Scream series and loads other horror thrillers) Released on 2009 Starring: Sara Paxton, Garret Dillahunt, Monica Potter, Riki Lindhome, Tony Goldwyn, Martha MacIsaac, Spencer Treat Clark
http://wn.com/Last_House_On_The_Left_2009__Official_Trailer
![Fly Away Home Trailer [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120312071608im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/FCjlubLJcxk/0.jpg "Fly Away Home Trailer [HD]")
Fly Away Home Trailer [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Published: 03 Sep 2009
- Uploaded: 29 Feb 2012
- Author: FilmTrailersChannel
In Theaters:7 February 1997 (UK) Amy is only 13 years old when her mother is killed in an auto wreck in New Zealand. She goes to Canada to live with her father, an eccentric inventor whom she barely knows. Amy is miserable in her new life...that is until she discovers a nest of goose eggs that were abandoned when developers began tearing up a local forest. The eggs hatch and Amy becomes "Mama Goose". The young birds must fly south for the winter, but who will lead them there? With a pair of ultralight airplanes, Amy, her dad and their friends must find a way to do it... Genre:Family/Drama Director:Carroll Ballard Cast:Jeff Daniels, Anna Paquin, Dana Delany
http://wn.com/Fly_Away_Home_Trailer_ HD
"Moon" - Official Trailer [HQ]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Published: 09 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 29 Feb 2012
- Author: watchCulturetainment
Add us on Google+ to discover more interesting trailers: plus.google.com Starring Sam Rockwell, Matt Berry, Robin Chalk, Dominique McElligott and Kevin Spacey as the robot. A truly unique film: It is the near future. Astronaut Sam Bell is living on the far side of the moon, completing a three-year contract with Lunar Industries to mine Earths primary source of energy, Helium-3. It is a lonely job, made harder by a broken satellite that allows no live communications home. Taped messages are all Sam can send and receive. Thankfully, his time on the moon is nearly over, and Sam will be reunited with his wife, Tess, and their three-year-old daughter, Eve, in only a few short weeks. Finally, he will leave the isolation of Sarang, the moon base that has been his home for so long, and he will finally have someone to talk to beyond Gerty, the bases well-intentioned, but rather uncomplicated computer. Directed by Duncan Jones.
http://wn.com/Moon__Official_Trailer_ HQ
Epic and Honest Mobile Home Commercial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Published: 21 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 29 Feb 2012
- Author: RhettandLink
Cullman Liquidation is the 5th local commercial of our I Love Local Commercials Series sponsored by MicroBilt ( ilovelocalcommercials.com ) -- Nominate your favorite local business for a FREE local commercial at ilovelocalcommercials.com Watch all of our RhettandLinKommercials and see who's been nominated! http -- Everything Robert said in this commercial is true. Watch the behind-the-scenes episode now: www.youtube.com -- This ad was written, directed, and edited by your trusty Internetainment duo, Rhett & Link. Distributed by Tubemogul. --- We received this email from Star on 11/21/09: Hey guys, Sad news, Matt, (one of the movers [in the white tank top] from the commercial) passed away today. He was driving home a few nights ago from his job in another town and fell asleep at the wheel. He was 22, has a 3 mth old son, and was to be married this week. Please be careful when you're out on the road. Your friend, Star* --- Our deepest condolences to Matt's family.
http://wn.com/Epic_and_Honest_Mobile_Home_Commercial
The Last House On The Left
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 81:16
- Published: 05 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 09 Feb 2012
- Author: MetrodomeVOD
"Hailed by critics as one of the greatest horror movies of all time and now fully UNCUT and UNCENSORED: dare you enter...' The Last House On The Left' ? Teenagers Mari and Phyllis stop off before heading to a concert in the city to score some grass when they are accosted by a group of thugs led by the reprehensible and deeply psychotic Krug. © 1972 The Night Company. All Rights Reserved.
http://wn.com/The_Last_House_On_The_Left
Not Since You Trailer (www.notsinceyoumovie.com)
Buy the film at FilmBaby: www.filmbaby.com The trailer for the romantic dramedy Not Since You. Directed by Jeff Stephenson and produced by Jane Kelly Kosek. The ensemble cast includes Desmond Harrington, Kathleen Robertson, Christian Kane, Jon Abrahams, Sunny Mabrey, Will Estes, Elden Henson, Sara Rue, Liane Balaban & Barry Corbin. A Wonder Entertainment production.
http://wn.com/Not_Since_You_Trailer_wwwnotsinceyoumoviecom
HOME (Bande-annonce)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Published: 16 Apr 2009
- Uploaded: 28 Feb 2012
- Author: homeprojectFR
En 200 000 ans d'existence, l'homme a rompu un équilibre fait de près de 4 milliards d'années d'évolution de la Terre. Le prix à payer est lourd, mais il est trop tard pour être pessimiste: il reste à peine dix ans à l'humanité pour inverser la tendance, prendre conscience de son exploitation démesurée des richesses de la Terre, et changer son mode de consommation. Plus qu'un film, HOME sera un événement mondial : pour la première fois dans l'histoire, ce long-métrage sortira en même temps dans plus de 50 pays et sur tous les supports : cinéma, TV, DVD et Internet. C'est la date symbolique du 5 juin 2009 qui a été choisie pour cette sortie internationale. Nous avons tous rendez-vous avec la planète le 5 juin ! www.home-2009.com www.ppr.com
http://wn.com/HOME_Bande-annonce
![MAFIA 2: Best Gameplay Trailer - GamesCom 2009 [HQ]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120312071608im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/omY93dIH8pc/0.jpg "MAFIA 2: Best Gameplay Trailer - GamesCom 2009 [HQ]")
MAFIA 2: Best Gameplay Trailer - GamesCom 2009 [HQ]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:00
- Published: 09 Dec 2009
- Uploaded: 01 Mar 2012
- Author: watchTechNews
The widely discussed Mafia 2 gameplay trailer (from GamesCom 2009), which aroused the comparisons with GTA IV and GTA V. That's your take? The footage shows tons of action: packing items at home, sneaking in the streets, picklocking cars, fighting with a cop, and of course some wild driving.
http://wn.com/MAFIA_2_Best_Gameplay_Trailer__GamesCom_2009_ HQ
![The World According To Ion B [2009] trailer](http://web.archive.org./web/20120312071608im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/kh4Qzhbxtmw/0.jpg "The World According To Ion B [2009] trailer")
The World According To Ion B [2009] trailer
The film starts in 2008. Ion B is a 62 year-old homeless man living in Bucharest. As a young man, he had dreamed of becoming a film director. In the 70s he started creating collages that he refers to as my films. In 2008, a young gallery owner heard by chance about Ion and his work. The homeless man showed him a collection of old suitcases filled with almost 1000 collages he had made between the 70s and the 90s. Only one year later, in 2009, Ion lives in his own home and has become one of the most important contemporary Romanian artists. This is the story of a genuine artist living on the edge of society, creating art in its purest form. For himself.
http://wn.com/The_World_According_To_Ion_B_ 2009 _trailer
"Paranormal Activity" - Official Trailer [HQ HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Published: 15 Sep 2009
- Uploaded: 29 Feb 2012
- Author: watchCulturetainment
Get all the latest horror stuff at: www.facebook.com Ok, this is the hottest new 'Blair Witch Project' -esque movie. We are alone at home and weird freaky things are happening. Do you believe? Coming to theaters on September 25, 2009. Starring: Katie Featherston, Micah Sloat, Mark Fredrichs, Amber Armstrong, Ashley Palmer After a young, middle class couple moves into what seems like a typical suburban starter tract house, they become increasingly disturbed by a presence that may or may not be somehow demonic but is certainly most active in the middle of the night. Especially when they sleep. Or try to.
http://wn.com/Paranormal_Activity__Official_Trailer_ HQ_HD
Made For Each Other
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:23
- Published: 29 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 19 Feb 2012
- Author: goldenclassicmovies
*** From the Golden Age of Cinema - Carole Lombard, James Stewart and Charles Coburn *** Young lawyer meets and marries girl after knowing her one day. Takes bride home to meet his mother who disapproves of the marriage. Lawyer thinks everything will be fine as he moves up the ladder of the law firm. He doesn't and things get tough. A baby makes things even tougher.
http://wn.com/Made_For_Each_Other
Sherlock Holmes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 85:37
- Published: 27 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 09 Feb 2012
- Author: RevolverOnDemand
Fearsome monsters are terrorising London. Holmes and his faithful companion Dr. Watson must embark on their most dangerous case yet. The investigation
http://wn.com/Sherlock_Holmes
Star Wars Old Republic E3 2009 Cinematic Trailer
Star Wars Old Republic E3 2009 Cinematic Trailer
http://wn.com/Star_Wars_Old_Republic_E3_2009_Cinematic_Trailer
"Being There" Movie Trailer starring Peter Sellers and Shirley MacLaine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Published: 19 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 28 Feb 2012
- Author: FinderKeeperTrailers
DOWNLOAD MOVIE www.amazon.com Visit our home page finder-keeper.com Based on Jerzy Kosinski's satirical novel about an illiterate gardener who has lived his entire life behind the walls of a Washington, DC, house, his only knowledge of the world coming from the TV programs he watches. When his employer and protector dies, he is catapulted into the fast lane of political power.
http://wn.com/Being_There_Movie_Trailer_starring_Peter_Sellers_and_Shirley_MacLaine
Star Wars: The Old Republic - Deceived Trailer - E3 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Published: 05 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 01 Mar 2012
- Author: Gamehelper
hold
http://wn.com/Star_Wars_The_Old_Republic__Deceived_Trailer__E3_2009
Ghost Month
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 101:04
- Published: 03 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 29 Feb 2012
- Author: ViewsterTV
viewster.com - watch MORE free movies on http According to the Chinese calendar, the seventh month of every year marks the time when the restless spirits of the dead break free from the gates of hell to mix among the mortals. During this time, specific rules must be followed to avoid falling prey to the spirits of the damned. When a solitude- seeking housekeeper arrives at the desert home of a superstitious Chinese woman and her devoutly religious aunt, Death senses an opportunity to extend its grip into the mortal realm.
http://wn.com/Ghost_Month
Clint Mansell - Sacrifice (Moon OST)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Published: 20 Jul 2009
- Uploaded: 28 Feb 2012
- Author: goodandawesome
Trailer version. Moon (2009) Original Soundtrack. A sci fi movie directed by Duncan Jones depicts a story of a lonely Moon worker: Sam Bell (Sam Rockwell) contracted to work for three years on a Moon base. Two weeks before his trip back home he discovers someone else on the Moon, someone who looks exactly like him. Sam Bell starts to lose his mind as he cannot understand any of this. I highly recommend watching this movie, it's a sci-fi piece which is something we've been waiting for a long time. A fascinating story of a lonely worker cut off from his family for 3 years just to support them. His final days on the Moon mining base turn into a maelstrom of confusion and questioning himself as he discovers someone who looks exactly like him.Clint Mansell's music score represents the movie beautifully. If you're looking for a movie which will blind you with CGI, you're in the wrong place. Moon is thought provoking, brilliant and a true sci-fi movie that all fans of the genre have been waiting for
http://wn.com/Clint_Mansell__Sacrifice_Moon_OST
9 - Official Trailer
Release Date: 9 September 2009 Genre: Animation / Adventure / Sci-Fi Cast: Elijah Wood, John C. Reilly, Jennifer Connelly, Crispin Glover Director: Shane Acker Writer: Shane Acker, Ben Gluck Studio: Focus Features Plot: 9 takes place in a world parallel to our own, in which the very legacy of humanity is threatened. A group of sapient rag dolls, living a post-apocalyptic existence find one of their own, 9 (Elijah Wood), who displays leadership qualities that may help them to survive. Subscribe Now: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/9__Official_Trailer
"Brothers" - Official Trailer [HQ HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Published: 19 Jul 2009
- Uploaded: 29 Feb 2012
- Author: watchCulturetainment
Add us on Google+ to discover more interesting trailers: plus.google.com Coming to theatres: December 4, 2009 Starring: Natalie Portman, Tobey Maguire, Jake Gyllenhaal When a decorated Marine goes missing overseas, his black-sheep younger brother cares for his wife and children at home—with consequences that will shake the foundation of the entire family. BROTHERS tells the powerful story of two siblings, thirtysomething Captain Sam Cahill (Tobey Maguire) and younger brother Tommy Cahill (Jake Gyllenhaal), who are polar opposites. A Marine about to embark on his fourth tour of duty, Sam is a steadfast family man married to his high school sweetheart, the aptly named Grace (Natalie Portman), with whom he has two young daughters (Bailee Madison, Taylor Grace Geare). Tommy, his charismatic younger brother, is a drifter just out of jail whos always gotten by on wit and charm. He slides easily into his role as family provocateur on his first night out of prison, at Sams farewell dinner with their parents, Elsie (Mare Winningham) and Hank Cahill (Sam Shepard), a retired Marine.
http://wn.com/Brothers__Official_Trailer_ HQ_HD
![District 9 - Official Trailer 2 [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120312071608im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/d6PDlMggROA/0.jpg "District 9 - Official Trailer 2 [HD]")
District 9 - Official Trailer 2 [HD]
Release Date: 14 August 2009 Genre: Sci-Fi Cast: William Allen Young, Robert Hobbs, Sharlto Copley Director: Neill Blomkamp Writer: Neill Blomkamp, Terri Tatchell Studio: Sony Pictures Entertainment Plot: An extraterrestrial race forced to live in slum-like conditions on Earth suddenly find a kindred spirit in a government agent that is exposed to their biotechnology. Subscribe Now: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/District_9__Official_Trailer_2_ HD
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12 Mar 2012
Kandahar: US officials warned on Monday of possible reprisal attacks after 16 Afghan villagers, mostly children and women, were killed in a likely "rogue" shooting by a US soldier that weakens the...
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New Delhi, March 12: The Congress party's drubbing in the recent Assembly polls, talk of mid-term elections, key alliance partners pulling in different directions on federalism and price rise...the...
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11 Mar 2012
Sunday, 11 March 2012, 1:51 pm Press Release: HSBC Bank PRESS RELEASE HSBC Announces NZ's Lowest One Year Fixed Home Loan Rate in 10 Years - HSBC Premier offers 5.29% p.a. fixed for one year - HSBC...
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Pittsburgh Tribune Review
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| name | Glenn Close |
|---|---|
| birth date | March 19, 1947 |
| birth place | Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S. |
| years active | 1975–present |
| occupation | Actress, producer |
| spouse | Cabot Wade (1969–1971)James Marlas (1984–1987)David Shaw (2006–present) |
| partner | Len Cariou (1979–1983)John Starke (1987-1991; 1 child) |
| alma mater | College of William and Mary }} |
Early life and family
Close was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, the daughter of Bettine (née Moore) and William Taliaferro Close, a doctor who operated a clinic in the Belgian Congo and served as a personal physician to Congo/Zaire President Mobutu Sese Seko. Her parents came from prominent families. Her father was a descendant of the Taliaferros of Virginia; her paternal grandfather, Edward Bennett Close, a stockbroker and director of the American Hospital Association, was first married to Post Cereals' heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post, making Glenn Close a relative of screenwriter/director Preston Sturges. Close is also a second cousin once-removed of actress Brooke Shields (Shields's great-grandmother Mary Elsie Moore was a sister of Close's maternal grandfather, Charles Arthur Moore, Jr.).During her childhood, Close lived with her parents in a stone cottage on her maternal grandfather's estate, in Greenwich. Close has credited her early years for her acting abilities: "I have no doubt that the days I spent running free in the evocative Connecticut countryside with an unfettered imagination, playing whatever character our games demanded, is one of the reasons that acting has always seemed so natural to me." When she was seven years old, her parents joined a "cult group", the Moral Re-Armament, in which her family remained involved for fifteen years, living in communal centers. Close has stated that the family "struggled to survive the pressures of a culture that dictated everything about how we lived our lives." Close traveled for several years in the mid-to-late 1960s with an MRA singing group called "Up With People", and attended Rosemary Hall (now Choate Rosemary Hall), graduating in 1965. When she was 22, Close broke away from MRA, attending The College of William and Mary, majoring in theatre. It was in the College's theatre department that she began to train as a serious actor, under Howard Scammon. She was elected to membership in the honor society of Phi Beta Kappa.
Career
Stage
Close has had an extensive career performing in Broadway musicals. One of her most notable roles on stage was Norma Desmond in the Andrew Lloyd Webber production of ''Sunset Boulevard'', for which Close won a Tony award, playing the role on Broadway in 1994. Close was also a guest star at the Andrew Lloyd Webber fiftieth birthday party celebration in the Royal Albert Hall in 1998. She appeared as Norma Desmond and performed songs from ''Sunset Boulevard''. In addition to ''Sunset Boulevard'', Close also won Tony Awards in 1984 for ''The Real Thing'', and in 1992 for ''Death and the Maiden''.Close performed at Carnegie Hall, narrating the violin concerto ''The Runaway Bunny'', a concerto for reader, violin and orchestra, composed and conducted by Glen Roven.
Film and television
Close started her professional stage career in 1974, and her film work in 1982. She played the scheming aristocrat The Marquise de Merteuil in ''Dangerous Liaisons'' and the borderline personality disorder plagued book editor Alex in ''Fatal Attraction''. She has been nominated for five Academy Awards, for Best Actress in ''Dangerous Liaisons'' and ''Fatal Attraction'', and for Best Supporting Actress in ''The Natural'', ''The Big Chill'', and ''The World According to Garp'' (her first film). In 1984, Close starred in the critically acclaimed drama ''Something about Amelia'', a Golden Globe-winning television movie about a family destroyed by sexual abuse. She played the role of Sunny von Bülow in the 1990 film ''Reversal of Fortune'' to critical acclaim.In the 1990s, she starred in the highly rated presentation of the 1991 ''Hallmark Hall of Fame'' drama ''Sarah, Plain and Tall'' (and its two sequels) and also in the made-for-TV movie ''Serving in Silence: The Margarethe Cammermeyer Story'' (1995); from these roles, she was nominated for 8 Emmys (winning one) and 9 Golden Globes (winning one in 2005 and 2007). She also appeared in the newsroom comedy-drama ''The Paper'' (1994), the alien invasion satire ''Mars Attacks!'' (1996, as The First Lady), the Disney hit ''101 Dalmatians'' (1996, as the sinister Cruella de Vil) and its sequel ''102 Dalmatians'' (2000), and the blockbuster ''Air Force One'' (1997), as the trustworthy vice-president to Harrison Ford's president. In 2001, she starred in a production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's classic musical ''South Pacific''. In 2005, Close joined the FX crime series ''The Shield'', in which she played a no-nonsense precinct captain. She starred in a series of her own for 2007, ''Damages'' (also on FX) instead of continuing her character on ''The Shield''. Close won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama series for her role in ''Damages''. In an interview after her win, Close admitted her role of Patty Hewes in the series was the role of her life. Also in 2009, she narrated the environmental film ''Home''.
In December 2010, Close began filming ''Albert Nobbs'' in Dublin. She had previously won an Obie in 1982 for her role in the play on stage. She has been working on the film for 10 years and is not only starring in it, she has co-written the screenplay and will produce it. She said at a press conference held on December 9, 2010 in Dublin, a couple of days before shooting began, "I believe in this story and its potential to take everyone on a sensuous, funny, heart-breaking, wildly unexpected ride".
In the film, Close played the title role of ''Albert Nobbs'', a woman living her life as a man in the 1800's Ireland after being sexually assaulted as a young girl. For the film, Close sat through hours of makeup to stransform herself into a man. The film received mixed reviews, while Close and Janet McTeer received rave reviews for their performance. Her performance was noted for being her most subtle and introverted performance ever and a huge departure from her other roles. Close received Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild and Multiple Critics nominations for her performance in ''Albert Nobbs''. On January 24, 2012 Close recived her sixth Academy Award nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture for her performance. The film also received nominations for Best Supporting Actress for McTeer and Best Makeup.
Some of 2011's stand-out film actors appear in "a video gallery of cinematic villainy" for ''New York Times Magazine''. Glenn Close is playing Theda Bara, a silent diva mostly known as the first movie "vamp".
Personal life
In February 2006, Close married her longtime boyfriend David E. (Evans) Shaw in Maine. Close was previously married to Cabot Wade (1969–1973) and James Marlas (1984–1987). She has a daughter, Annie Starke, from her previous relationship with John Starke that ended in 1991. She has donated money to the election campaigns of many Democratic politicians, including Hillary Rodham Clinton, Howard Dean, John Edwards and Barack Obama. Close is a dog lover and writes a blog for Fetchdog.com, where she interviews other famous people about their relationships with their dogs. Close announced to the public that she has had her DNA sequenced.
Stage productions
Broadway and Off-Broadway musicals
Broadway plays
Off-Broadway
Tony Awards
Drama Desk Awards
Obie Awards
Discography
Close received her first Grammy nomination (shared with Jeremy Irons) in 1985 for Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for ''The Real Thing''.In 1988 PBS and Rabbit Ears Productions produced a multi-award winning animated adaptation and a subsequent book depicting the Irving story ''The Emperor and the Nightingale''. Illustrations, directing, and adaptation was done by Robert Van Nutt, music by Tim Story, and the narration by Glenn Close. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Album for Children making it Close's second nomination.
In 1989 Close narrated ''The Legend of Sleepy Hollow''. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Album for Children which Tim Story composed the music for and gave Close her third nomination.
In 1995, Glenn Close and Placido Domingo recorded a Christmas album together titled ''Repeat the Sounding Joy'' featuring The London Symphony Orchestra. The album was produced by the Hallmark company.
Filmography and awards
| + Film | ||||||||||||
| ! Year | ! Title | ! Role | Notes/Awards | |||||||||
| 1982 | '''' | Jenny Fields | Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActressNational Board of Review Award for Best Supporting ActressNew York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress (2nd place)Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role | |||||||||
| 1983 | '''' | Sarah Cooper | Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role | |||||||||
| 1984 | '''' | Iris Gaines | Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role | |||||||||
| 1984 | '''' | Ruth Hillerman | ||||||||||
| 1984 | ''Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes'' | Jane Porter | dubbed Andie MacDowell's voice | |||||||||
| 1985 | ''Maxie'' | Jan / Maxie | Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated—Saturn Award for Best Actress | |||||||||
| 1985 | Teddy Barnes | |||||||||||
| 1987 | ''Fatal Attraction'' | Alexandra "Alex" Forrest | People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture ActressNominated—Academy Award for Best ActressNominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama | |||||||||
| 1988 | ''Dangerous Liaisons'' | Marquise Isabelle de Merteuil | Nominated—Academy Award for Best ActressNominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role | |||||||||
| 1988 | Queen Ambisextra (voice) | French title: ''Gandahar'' | ||||||||||
| 1989 | ''Immediate Family'' | Linda Spector | ||||||||||
| 1990 | ||||||||||||
| 1990 | ''Reversal of Fortune'' | Sunny von Bulow | ||||||||||
| 1991 | Gutless | Cameo | ||||||||||
| 1991 | ''Meeting Venus'' | Karin Anderson | Venice Film Festival: Golden Ciak for Best Actress | |||||||||
| 1993 | '''' | Ferula Trueba | ||||||||||
| 1994 | '''' | Alicia Clark | ||||||||||
| 1996 | ''Mars Attacks!'' | First Lady Marsha Dale | ||||||||||
| 1996 | Cruella de Vil | Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Actor/Actress – FamilyNominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated—Satellite Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated—Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress | ||||||||||
| 1996 | Mrs. Farraday | |||||||||||
| 1997 | ''In & Out'' | Herself | cameo appearance | |||||||||
| 1997 | Vice President Kathryn Bennett | Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Supporting Actress – Action/Adventure | ||||||||||
| 1997 | Adrienne Pargiter | |||||||||||
| 1999 | ''Cookie's Fortune'' | Camille Dixon | ||||||||||
| 1999 | Kala | voice | ||||||||||
| 2000 | ''102 Dalmatians'' | Cruella de Vil | Nominated—Satellite Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy | |||||||||
| 2000 | ''Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her'' | Dr. Elaine Keener | ||||||||||
| 2001 | ||||||||||||
| 2001 | '''' | Esther Gold | ||||||||||
| 2003 | ''Le Divorce'' | Olivia Pace | ||||||||||
| 2003 | The Blue Fairy | English voice | ||||||||||
| 2004 | Diana | |||||||||||
| 2004 | '''' | Claire Wellington | ||||||||||
| 2005 | ''Tarzan II'' | Kala | voice | |||||||||
| 2005 | '''' | Carrie Johnson | ||||||||||
| 2005 | Maggie | Locarno International Film Festival: Bronze Leopard Award for Best Actress (Shared with the film's ensemble of actresses)Nominated—Gotham Award for Best Ensemble Cast | ||||||||||
| 2006 | ''Hoodwinked!'' | Granny | voice | |||||||||
| 2007 | Mrs. Wittenborn | |||||||||||
| 2010 | ''Hoodwinked 2: Hood vs. Evil'' | Granny | voice | |||||||||
| 2011 | ''Albert Nobbs'' | Albert Nobbs | Also producer, screenplay and author of the lyrics of the song "Lay Your Head Down"Alliance of Women Film Journalists for Female Icon AwardAlliance of Women Film Journalists for Most Egregious Love Interest Age Difference Award Shared with Mia WasikowskaSatellite Award for Best Original SongTokyo International Film Festival for Best ActressWomen Film Critics Circle for Courage in Acting - Taking on unconventional roles that radically redefine the images of women on screenPending—Academy Award for Best ActressPending—
| + Documentary
|
! Year
|
! Title
|
! Role
|
Notes
|
1990
|
''Divine Garbo''
|
Herself
|
[[Greta Garbo">9th Irish Film and Television Awards |
|
| + Documentary | |||
| ! Year | ! Title | ! Role | Notes |
| 1990 | ''Divine Garbo'' | Herself | [[Greta Garbo documentary |
| 1999 | '''' | Herself-host | The 75th Anniversary of Columbia Pictures |
| 2001 | ''Welcome To Hollywood'' | Herself | |
| 2003 | ''What I Want My Words To Do To You: Voices From Inside A Women's Maximum Security Prison'' | Herself | |
| 2003 | '''' | Narrator | Robert Bilheimer film. AIDS epidemic. |
| 2007 | ''Broadway: Beyond the Golden Age'' | Herself | |
| 2009 | Narrator | Yann Arthus-Bertrand film. | |
| 2011 | Director and executive producer |
Other awards
1982: Rosemary Hall Alumnae Award
Notes
References
External links
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| colour | #DEDEE9 |
|---|---|
| name | Sherlock Holmes |
| series | Sherlock Holmes |
| first | ''A Study in Scarlet'' |
| creator | Arthur Conan Doyle |
| gender | Male |
| occupation | Consulting detective |
| family | Mycroft Holmes (brother) |
| nationality | British }} |
Sherlock Holmes () is a fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The fantastic London-based "consulting detective", Holmes is famous for his astute logical reasoning, his ability to take almost any disguise, and his use of forensic science skills to solve difficult cases.
Holmes, who first appeared in publication in 1887, was featured in four novels and 56 short stories. The first story, A Study in Scarlet, appeared in ''Beeton's Christmas Annual'' in 1887 and the second, ''The Sign of the Four'', in ''Lippincott's Monthly Magazine'' in 1890. The character grew tremendously in popularity with the beginning of the first series of short stories in ''Strand Magazine'' in 1891; further series of short stories and two novels published in serial form appeared between then and 1927. The stories cover a period from around 1880 up to 1914.
All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson; two are narrated by Holmes himself ("The Blanched Soldier" and "The Lion's Mane") and two others are written in the third person ("The Mazarin Stone" and "His Last Bow"). In two stories ("The Musgrave Ritual" and "The ''Gloria Scott''"), Holmes tells Watson the main story from his memories, while Watson becomes the narrator of the frame story. The first and fourth novels, ''A Study in Scarlet'' and ''The Valley of Fear'', each include a long interval of omniscient narration recounting events unknown both to Holmes and to Watson.
Inspiration for the character of Holmes
Doyle said that the character of Sherlock Holmes was inspired by Dr. Joseph Bell, for whom Doyle had worked as a clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Like Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing large conclusions from the smallest observations. Sir Henry Littlejohn, Lecturer on Forensic Medicine and Public Health at the Royal College of Surgeons, is also cited as a source for Holmes. Littlejohn served as Police Surgeon and Medical Officer of Health of Edinburgh, providing for Doyle a link between medical investigation and the detection of crime.
Life
Early life
Explicit details about Sherlock Holmes's life outside of the adventures recorded by Dr. Watson are few and far between in Conan Doyle's original stories; nevertheless, incidental details about his early life and extended families portray a loose biographical picture of the detective.An estimate of Holmes' age in the story "His Last Bow" places his birth in 1854; the story is set in August 1914 and he is described as being 60 years of age. Commonly, the date is cited as 6 January. However, an argument for a later birthdate is posited by author Laurie R. King, based on two of Conan Doyle's stories: ''A Study in Scarlet'' and ''"The Gloria Scott" Adventure''. Certain details in ''"The Gloria Scott" Adventure'' indicate Holmes finished his second and final year at university in either 1880 or 1885. Watson's own account of his wounding in the Second Afghan War and subsequent return to England in ''A Study in Scarlet'' place his moving in with Holmes in either early 1881 or 1882. Together, these suggest Holmes left university in 1880; if he began university at the age of 17, his birth year would likely be 1861.
Holmes states that he first developed his methods of deduction while an undergraduate. The author Dorothy L. Sayers suggested that, given details in two of the Adventures, Holmes must have been at Cambridge rather than Oxford and that "of all the Cambridge colleges, Sidney Sussex (College) perhaps offered the greatest number of advantages to a man in Holmes’ position and, in default of more exact information, we may tentatively place him there".
His earliest cases, which he pursued as an amateur, came from fellow university students. According to Holmes, it was an encounter with the father of one of his classmates that led him to take up detection as a profession, and he spent the six years following university working as a consulting detective, before financial difficulties led him to take Watson as a roommate, at which point the narrative of the stories begins.
From 1881, Holmes was described as having lodgings at 221B, Baker Street, London, from where he runs his consulting detective service. 221B is an apartment up 17 steps, stated in an early manuscript to be at the "upper end" of the road. Until the arrival of Dr. Watson, Holmes worked alone, only occasionally employing agents from the city's underclass, including a host of informants and a group of street children he calls "the Baker Street Irregulars". The Irregulars appear in three stories: "A Study in Scarlet," "The Sign of the Four," and "The Adventure of the Crooked Man".
Little is said of Holmes's family. His parents were unmentioned in the stories and he merely states that his ancestors were "country squires". In "The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter", Holmes claims that his great-uncle was Vernet, the French artist. His brother, Mycroft, seven years his senior, is a government official who appears in three stories and is mentioned in one other story. Mycroft has a unique civil service position as a kind of memory-man or walking database for all aspects of government policy. Mycroft is described as even more gifted than Sherlock in matters of observation and deduction, but he lacks Sherlock's drive and energy, preferring to spend his time at ease in the Diogenes Club, described as "a club for the most un-clubbable men in London".
Life with Dr. Watson
Holmes shares the majority of his professional years with his good friend and chronicler Dr. John H. Watson, who lives with Holmes for some time before his marriage in 1887, and again after his wife's death; his residence is maintained by his landlady, Mrs. Hudson.Watson has two roles in Holmes's life. First, he gives practical assistance in the conduct of his cases; he is the detective's right-hand man, acting variously as look-out, decoy, accomplice and messenger. Second, he is Holmes's chronicler (his "Boswell" as Holmes refers to him). Most of the Holmes stories are frame narratives, written from Watson's point of view as summaries of the detective's most interesting cases. Holmes is often described as criticising Watson's writings as sensational and populist, suggesting that they neglect to accurately and objectively report the pure calculating "science" of his craft.
Nevertheless, Holmes's friendship with Watson is his most significant relationship. In several stories, Holmes's fondness for Watson—often hidden beneath his cold, intellectual exterior—is revealed. For instance, in "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs", Watson is wounded in a confrontation with a villain; although the bullet wound proves to be "quite superficial", Watson is moved by Holmes's reaction:
In all, Holmes is described as being in active practice for 23 years, with Watson documenting his cases for 17 of them.
Retirement
In "His Last Bow", Holmes has retired to a small farm on the Sussex Downs in 1903–1904. Sussex Downs is another name for South Downs, the name of a range of chalk hills in Sussex, overlooking the English Channel. They are opposite to the North Downs, a parallel range stretching from Farnham in Surrey across the entire width of Kent. "Down" is from the Old English "dun," meaning a hill. Holmes specifically retired to a farm in the downs, 8 km (5 miles) from the town of Eastbourne as is chronicled by Watson in his preface to the series of stories entitled "His Last Bow." It is here where he takes up the hobby of beekeeping as his primary occupation, eventually producing a "Practical Handbook of Bee Culture, with some Observations upon the Segregation of the Queen". The story features Holmes and Watson coming out of retirement one last time to aid the war effort. Only one adventure, "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", which is narrated by Holmes as he pursues the case as an amateur, takes place during the detective's retirement. The details of his death are not known, but he lives on to this day through the records of his thrilling cases, and will always be remembered and regarded as the "World's Greatest Detective".
Habits and personality
Watson describes Holmes as "bohemian" in habits and lifestyle. According to Watson, Holmes is an eccentric, with no regard for contemporary standards of tidiness or good order. In ''The Musgrave Ritual'', Watson describes Holmes thus:}}
What appears to others as chaos, however, is to Holmes a wealth of useful information. Throughout the stories, Holmes would dive into his apparent mess of random papers and artefacts, only to retrieve precisely the specific document or eclectic item he was looking for.
Watson frequently makes note of Holmes's erratic eating habits. The detective is often described as starving himself at times of intense intellectual activity, such as during "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder", wherein, according to Watson:
His chronicler does not consider Holmes's habitual use of a pipe, or his less frequent use of cigarettes and cigars, a vice. Nor does Watson condemn Holmes's willingness to bend the truth or break the law on behalf of a client (e.g., lying to the police, concealing evidence or breaking into houses) when he feels it morally justifiable. Even so, it is obvious that Watson has stricter limits than Holmes, and occasionally berated Holmes for creating a "poisonous atmosphere" of tobacco smoke. Holmes himself references Watson's moderation in "The Adventure of the Devil's Foot", saying, "I think, Watson, that I shall resume that course of tobacco-poisoning which you have so often and so justly condemned". Watson also did not condone Holmes's plans when they manipulated innocent people, such as when he toyed with a young woman's heart in The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton although it was done with noble intentions to save many other young women from the clutches of the villainous Milverton.
Holmes is portrayed as a patriot acting on behalf of the government in matters of national security in a number of stories. He also carries out counter-intelligence work in ''His Last Bow'', set at the beginning of the First World War. As shooting practice, the detective adorned the wall of his Baker Street lodgings with "VR" (''Victoria Regina'') in bullet pocks made by his pistol.
Holmes has an ego that at times borders on arrogant, albeit with justification; he draws pleasure from baffling police inspectors with his superior deductions. He does not seek fame, however, and is usually content to allow the police to take public credit for his work. It's often only when Watson publishes his stories that Holmes's role in the case becomes apparent.
Holmes is pleased when he is recognised for having superior skills and responds to flattery, as Watson remarks, as a girl does to comments upon her beauty.
Holmes's demeanour is presented as dispassionate and cold. Yet when in the midst of an adventure, Holmes can sparkle with remarkable passion. He has a flair for showmanship and will prepare elaborate traps to capture and expose a culprit, often to impress Watson or one of the Scotland Yard inspectors.
Holmes is a loner and does not strive to make friends, although he values those that he has, and none higher than Watson. He attributes his solitary ways to his particular interests and his mopey disposition. In ''The Adventure of the'' Gloria Scott, he tells Watson that during two years at college, he made only one friend, Victor Trevor. Holmes says, "I was never a very sociable fellow, Watson, always rather fond of moping in my rooms and working out my own little methods of thought, so that I never mixed much with the men of my year;... my line of study was quite distinct from that of the other fellows, so that we had no points of contact at all". He is similarly described in ''A Study in Scarlet'' as difficult to draw out by young Stamford.
Holmes' emotional state/mental health has been a topic of analysis for decades. At their first meeting in ''A Study in Scarlet'', the detective warns Watson that he gets "in the dumps at times" and doesn't open his "mouth for days on end". Many readers and literary experts have suggested Holmes showed signs of manic depressive psychosis, with moments of intense enthusiasm coupled with instances of indolent self absorption. Other modern readers have speculated that Holmes may have Asperger's syndrome based on his intense attention to details, lack of interest in interpersonal relationships and tendency to speak in long monologues. The detective's isolation and near-gynophobic distrust of women is said to suggest the desire to escape; Holmes "biographer" William Baring-Gould and others, including Nicholas Meyer, author of ''the Seven Percent Solution'', have implied a severe family trauma (i.e., the murder of Holmes' mother) may be the root cause.
Personal hygiene
Holmes is described in ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'' as having a "cat-like" love of personal cleanliness. This in no way appears to hinder his intensely practical pursuit of his profession, however, and appears in contrast with statements that, in the first Holmes story, ''A Study in Scarlet'', his hands are discoloured with acid stains and Holmes uses drops of his own blood to conduct experiments in chemistry and forensics.
Use of drugs
Holmes occasionally uses addictive drugs, especially when lacking stimulating cases. He believes the use of cocaine stimulates his brain when it is not in use. He is a habitual user of cocaine, which he injects in a seven-per-cent solution using a special syringe that he keeps in a leather case. Holmes is also an occasional user of morphine but expressed strong disapproval on visiting an opium den. The 2002 movie ''Sherlock: Case of Evil'' depicts him using heroin, though that never appears in the original stories. All these drugs were legal in late 19th-century England. Both Watson and Holmes are serial tobacco users, including cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. Holmes is expert at identifying tobacco-ash residues, having penned a monograph on the subject.Dr. Watson strongly disapproves of his friend's cocaine habit, describing it as the detective's "only vice" and expressing concern over its possible effect on Holmes's mental health and superior intellect. In later stories, Watson claims to have "weaned" Holmes off drugs. Even so, according to his doctor friend, Holmes remains an addict whose habit is "not dead, but merely sleeping".
Financial affairs
Although he initially needed Watson to share the rent of his comfortable residence at 221B Baker Street, Watson reveals in "The Adventure of the Dying Detective", when Holmes was living alone, that "I have no doubt that the house might have been purchased at the price which Holmes paid for his rooms," suggesting he had developed a good income from his practice, although it is seldom revealed exactly how much he charges for his services. In "A Scandal in Bohemia", he is paid the staggering sum of one thousand pounds (300 in gold and 700 in notes) as advance payment for "present expenses". In "The Problem of Thor Bridge" he avers: "My professional charges are upon a fixed scale. I do not vary them, save when I remit them altogether".This is said in a context where a client is offering to double his fees; however, it is likely that rich clients provided Holmes a remuneration greatly in excess of his standard fee. For example, in "The Adventure of the Final Problem", Holmes states that his services to the government of France and the royal house of Scandinavia had left him with enough money to retire comfortably, while in "The Adventure of Black Peter", Watson notes that Holmes would refuse to help the wealthy and powerful if their cases did not interest him, while he could devote weeks at a time to the cases of the most humble clients. Holmes also tells Watson, in "A Case of Identity", of a golden snuff box received from the King of Bohemia after "A Scandal in Bohemia" and a fabulous ring from the Dutch royal family; in "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans", Holmes receives an emerald tie-pin from Queen Victoria. Other mementos of Holmes's cases are a gold sovereign from Irene Adler ("A Scandal in Bohemia") and an autographed letter of thanks from the French President and a Legion of Honour for tracking down an assassin named Huret ("The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez"). In "The Adventure of the Priory School", Holmes "rubs his hands with glee" when the Duke of Holdernesse notes the 5000 pound sterling sum, which surprises even Watson, and then pats the cheque, saying, "I am a poor man", an incident that could be dismissed as representative of Holmes's tendency toward sarcastic humour. Certainly, in the course of his career Holmes had worked for both the most powerful monarchs and governments of Europe (including his own) and various wealthy aristocrats and industrialists and had also been consulted by impoverished pawnbrokers and humble governesses on the lower rungs of society.
Holmes has been known to charge clients for his expenses, and to claim any reward that might be offered for the problem's solution: he says in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" that Miss Stoner may pay any expenses he may be put to, and requests that the bank in "The Red-Headed League" remunerate him for the money he spent solving the case. Holmes has his wealthy banker client in "The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet" pay him for the costs of recovering the stolen gems and also claims the reward the banker had put for their recovery.
Relationships with women
The only woman to impress Holmes was Irene Adler, who according to Watson was always referred to by Holmes as "''the'' woman". Holmes himself is never directly quoted as using this term and even mentions her name in other cases. Adler is one of the few women who are mentioned in multiple Holmes stories, appearing in person in only one, "A Scandal in Bohemia".In one story, "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton," Holmes is engaged to be married, but only to gain information for his case. Although Holmes appears to show initial interest in some of his female clients (in particular, Violet Hunter in "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches"), Watson says he inevitably "manifested no further interest in the client when once she had ceased to be the centre of one of his problems". Holmes finds their youth, beauty, and energy (and the cases they bring to him) invigorating, distinct from any romantic interest. These episodes show Holmes possesses a degree of charm; yet apart from the case of Adler, there is no indication of a serious or long-term interest. Watson states that Holmes has an "aversion to women" but "a peculiarly ingratiating way with [them]". Holmes states, "I am not a whole-souled admirer of womankind"; in fact, he finds "the motives of women... so inscrutable.... How can you build on such quicksand? Their most trivial actions may mean volumes;... their most extraordinary conduct may depend upon a hairpin".
As Doyle remarked to muse Joseph Bell, "Holmes is as inhuman as a Babbage's calculating machine and just about as likely to fall in love". The only joy Holmes derives from the company of women is the problems they bring to him to solve. In ''The Sign of the Four'', Watson quotes Holmes as being "an automaton, a calculating machine", and Holmes is quoted as saying, "It is of the first importance not to allow your judgement to be biased by personal qualities. A client is to me a mere unit—a factor in a problem. The emotional qualities are antagonistic to clear reasoning. I assure you that the most winning woman I ever knew was hanged for poisoning three little children for their insurance-money". This points to Holmes's lack of interest in relationships with women in general, and clients in particular, leading Watson to remark that "there is something positively inhuman in you at times". At the end of "The Adventure of the Devil's Foot", Holmes states: "I have never loved, Watson, but if I did and if the woman I loved had met such an end, I might act as our lawless lion-hunter had done". In the story, the explorer Dr Sterndale had killed the man who murdered his beloved, Brenda Tregennis, to exact a revenge which the law could not provide. Watson writes in "The Adventure of the Dying Detective" that Mrs. Hudson is fond of Holmes in her own way, despite his bothersome eccentricities as a lodger, owing to his "remarkable gentleness and courtesy in his dealings with women". Again in ''The Sign of the Four'', Watson quotes Holmes as saying, "I would not tell them too much. Women are never to be entirely trusted—not the best of them". Watson notes that while he dislikes and distrusts them, he is nonetheless a "chivalrous opponent".
Methods of detection
Holmesian deduction
Holmes's primary intellectual detection method is induction, which Holmes rather inaccurately calls deduction. "From a drop of water", he writes, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other". Holmes stories often begin with a bravura display of his talent for "deduction". It is of some interest to logicians and those interested in logic to try to analyse just what Holmes is doing when he performs his induction. "Holmesian deduction" appears to consist primarily of drawing inferences based on either straightforward practical principles—which are the result of careful inductive study, such as Holmes's study of different kinds of cigar ashes or inference to the best explanation. One quote often heard from Holmes is "When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth".Sherlock Holmes's straightforward practical principles are generally of the form, "If 'p', then 'q'," where 'p' is observed evidence and 'q' is what the evidence indicates. But there are also, as may be observed in the following example, intermediate principles. In "A Scandal in Bohemia" Holmes deduces that Watson had got very wet lately and that he had "a most clumsy and careless servant girl". When Watson, in amazement, asks how Holmes knows this, Holmes answers:
In this case, Holmes employed several connected principles:
"Watson's servant girl is clumsy and careless" and "Watson has been very wet lately and has been out in vile weather".
Deductive reasoning allows Holmes to impressively reveal a stranger's occupation, such as a Retired Sergeant of Marines in ''A Study in Scarlet''; a former ship's carpenter turned pawnbroker in "The Red-Headed League"; and a billiard-marker and a retired artillery NCO in "The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter". Similarly, by studying inanimate objects, Holmes is able to make astonishingly detailed deductions about their owners, including Watson's pocket-watch in "The Sign of the Four" as well as a hat, a pipe, and a walking stick in other stories.
Yet Doyle is careful not to present Holmes as infallible—a central theme in "The Adventure of the Yellow Face". At the end of the tale a sobered Holmes tells Watson, “If it should ever strike you that I am getting a little over-confident in my powers, or giving less pains to a case than it deserves, kindly whisper ‘Norbury’ in my ear, and I shall be infinitely obliged to you”.
Disguise
Holmes displays a strong aptitude for acting and disguise. In several stories, he adopts disguises to gather evidence while 'under cover' so convincing that even Watson fails to penetrate them, such as in "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton", "The Man with the Twisted Lip", "The Adventure of the Empty House" and "A Scandal in Bohemia". In other adventures, Holmes feigns being wounded or ill to give effect to his case, or to incriminate those involved, as in "The Adventure of the Dying Detective".
Weapons and martial arts
;Pistols :Holmes and Watson carry pistols with them; in the case of Watson often his old service revolver. Watson describes these weapons as being used on seven occasions.;Cane :Holmes, as a gentleman, often carries a stick or cane. He is described by Watson as an expert at singlestick and twice uses his cane as a weapon.
;Sword :In "A Study in Scarlet" Watson describes Holmes as an expert with a sword—although none of the stories have Holmes using a sword. It is mentioned in "Gloria Scott" that Holmes practised fencing.
;Riding crop :In several stories, Holmes appears equipped with a riding crop and in "A Case of Identity" comes close to thrashing a swindler with it. Using a "hunting crop", Holmes knocks a pistol from John Clay's hand in "The Red-Headed League". In "The Six Napoleons" it is described as his favourite weapon—he uses it to break open one of the plaster busts.
;Fist-fighting :Holmes is described as a formidable bare-knuckle fighter. In ''The Sign of the Four'', Holmes introduces himself to a prize-fighter as:
:Holmes engages in hand-to-hand combat with his adversaries on occasions throughout the stories, inevitably emerging the victor. It is mentioned also in "Gloria Scott" that Holmes trained as a boxer.
;Martial arts :In "The Adventure of the Empty House", Holmes recounts to Watson how he used martial arts to overcome Professor Moriarty and fling his adversary to his death down the Reichenbach Falls. He states, "I have some knowledge, however, of ''baritsu,'' or the Japanese system of wrestling, which has more than once been very useful to me". The name "baritsu" appears to be a reference to the real-life martial art of Bartitsu, which combined jujitsu with Holmes' canonical skills of boxing and cane fencing.
Knowledge and skills
In the first story, ''A Study in Scarlet'', something of Holmes's background is given. In early 1881, he is presented as an independent student of chemistry with a variety of very curious side interests, almost all of which turn out to be single-mindedly bent towards making him superior at solving crimes. (When he appears for the first time, he is crowing with delight at having invented a new method for detecting bloodstains; in other stories he indulges in recreational home-chemistry experiments, sometimes filling the rooms with foul-smelling vapours.) An early story, "The Adventure of the ''Gloria Scott''", presents more background on what influenced Holmes to become a detective: a college friend's father richly complimented his deductive skills. Holmes maintains strict adherence to scientific methods and focuses on logic and the powers of observation and deduction.
Holmes also makes use of phrenology, which was widely popular in Victorian times but now regarded as pseudo-scientific: In "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle", he infers from the large size of a man's hat that the owner is intelligent and intellectually inclined, on the grounds that “a man with so large a brain must have something in it”.
In ''A Study in Scarlet'', Holmes claims he does not know that the Earth revolves around the Sun, as such information is irrelevant to his work. Directly after having heard that fact from Watson, he says he will immediately try to forget it. He says he believes that the mind has a finite capacity for information storage, and so learning useless things would merely reduce his ability to learn useful things. Dr. Watson subsequently assesses Holmes's abilities thus:
#Knowledge of Literature – nil.
#Knowledge of Philosophy – nil.
#Knowledge of Astronomy – nil.
#Knowledge of Politics – Feeble.
#Knowledge of Botany – Variable. Well up in belladonna, opium and poisons generally. Knows nothing of practical gardening.
#Knowledge of Geology – Practical, but limited. Tells at a glance different soils from each other. After walks, has shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what part of London he had received them.
#Knowledge of Chemistry – Profound.
#Knowledge of Anatomy – Accurate, but unsystematic.
#Knowledge of Sensational Literature – Immense. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century.
#Plays the violin well.
#Is an expert singlestick player, boxer and swordsman.
#Has a good practical knowledge of British law.
At the very end of ''A Study in Scarlet'' itself, it is shown that Holmes knows Latin and needs no translation of Roman epigrams in the original—though knowledge of the language would be of dubious direct utility for detective work; all university students were required to learn Latin at that time.
Later stories also contradict the list. Despite Holmes's supposed ignorance of politics, in "A Scandal in Bohemia" he immediately recognises the true identity of the supposed "Count von Kramm". Regarding nonsensational literature, his speech is replete with references to the Bible, Shakespeare, even Goethe. He is able to quote from a letter of Flaubert to George Sand and in the original French.
Moreover, in "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans" Watson reports that in November 1895 "Holmes lost himself in a monograph which he had undertaken upon the Polyphonic Motets of Lassus"—a most esoteric field, for which Holmes would have had to "clutter his memory" with an enormous amount of information which had absolutely nothing to do with crime-fighting—knowledge so extensive that his monograph was regarded as "the last word" on the subject. The later stories abandon the notion that Holmes did not want to know anything unless it had immediate relevance for his profession; in the second chapter of ''The Valley of Fear'', Holmes instead declares that "all knowledge comes useful to the detective", and near the end of "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane" he describes himself as "an omnivorous reader with a strangely retentive memory for trifles".
Holmes is also a competent cryptanalyst. He relates to Watson, "I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing, and am myself the author of a trifling monograph upon the subject, in which I analyse one hundred and sixty separate ciphers". One such scheme is solved using frequency analysis in "The Adventure of the Dancing Men".
Holmes's analysis of physical evidence is both scientific and precise. His methods include the use of latent prints such as footprints, hoof prints and bicycle tracks to identify actions at a crime scene (''A Study in Scarlet'', "The Adventure of Silver Blaze", "The Adventure of the Priory School", ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'', "The Boscombe Valley Mystery"), the use of tobacco ashes and cigarette butts to identify criminals ("The Adventure of the Resident Patient", ''The Hound of the Baskervilles''), the comparison of typewritten letters to expose a fraud ("A Case of Identity"), the use of gunpowder residue to expose two murderers ("The Adventure of the Reigate Squire"), bullet comparison from two crime scenes ("The Adventure of the Empty House"), analysis of small pieces of human remains to expose two murders (''The Adventure of the Cardboard Box'') and even an early use of fingerprints ("The Norwood Builder"). Holmes also demonstrates knowledge of psychology in "A Scandal in Bohemia", luring Irene Adler into betraying where she had hidden a photograph based on the "premise" that an unmarried woman will seek her most valuable possession in case of fire, whereas a married woman will grab her baby instead.
Despite the excitement of his life (or perhaps seeking to leave it behind), Holmes retired to the Sussex Downs to take up beekeeping ("The Second Stain") and wrote a book on the subject entitled "Practical Handbook of Bee Culture, with Some Observations upon the Segregation of the Queen". His search for relaxation can also be seen in his love for music, notably in "The Red-Headed League", wherein Holmes takes an evening off from a case to listen to Pablo de Sarasate play violin.
He also enjoys vocal music, particularly Wagner ("The Adventure of the Red Circle").
The film ''Young Sherlock Holmes'' (1985), which speculates about Holmes's youthful adventures, shows Holmes as a brilliant secondary school student, being mentored simultaneously by an eccentric professor/inventor and his dedicated fencing instructor.
Influence
Forensic science
Sherlock Holmes remains a great inspiration for forensic science, especially for the way his acute study of a crime scene yields small clues as to the precise sequence of events. He makes great use of trace evidence such as shoe and tire impressions, as well as fingerprints, ballistics and handwriting analysis, now known as questioned document examination. Such evidence is used to test theories conceived by the police, for example, or by the investigator himself. All of the techniques advocated by Holmes later became reality, but were generally in their infancy at the time Conan Doyle was writing. In many of his reported cases, Holmes frequently complains of the way the crime scene has been contaminated by others, especially by the police, emphasising the critical importance of maintaining its integrity, a now well-known feature of crime scene examination.
Owing to the small scale of the trace evidence (such as tobacco ash, hair or fingerprints), he often uses a magnifying glass at the scene, and an optical microscope back at his lodgings in Baker Street. He uses analytical chemistry for blood residue analysis as well as toxicology examination and determination for poisons. Holmes seems to have maintained a small chemistry laboratory in his lodgings, presumably using simple wet chemical methods for detection of specific toxins, for example. Ballistics is used when spent bullets can be recovered, and their calibre measured and matched with a suspect murder weapon.
Holmes was also very perceptive of the dress and attitude of his clients and suspects, noting style and state of wear of their clothes, any contamination (such as clay on boots), their state of mind and physical condition in order to infer their origin and recent history. Skin marks such as tattoos could reveal much about their past history. He applied the same method to personal items such as walking sticks (famously in ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'') or hats (in the case of The Blue Carbuncle), with small details such as medallions, wear and contamination yielding vital indicators of their absent owners.
An omission from the stories is the use of forensic photography. Even before Holmes' time, high quality photography was used to record accident scenes, as in the Tay Bridge disaster of 1879, murders in 1888.
In 2002, the Royal Society of Chemistry bestowed an honorary fellowship of their organisation upon Sherlock Holmes, for his use of forensic science and analytical chemistry in popular literature, making him the only (as of 2010) fictional character to be thus honoured.
Role in the history of the detective story
Although Sherlock Holmes is not the original fiction detective (he was influenced by Edgar Allan Poe's C. Auguste Dupin and Émile Gaboriau's Monsieur Lecoq), his name has become a byword for the part. His stories also include several detective story characters such as the loyal but less intelligent assistant, a role for which Dr Watson has become the archetype. The investigating detective became a popular genre with many authors such as Agatha Christie and Dorothy Sayers after the demise of Holmes, with characters such as Hercule Poirot and Lord Peter Wimsey. Forensic methods became less important than the psychology of the criminal, despite the strong growth in forensics in use by the police in the early 20th century.
Scientific literature
Sherlock Holmes has occasionally been used in the scientific literature. John Radford (1999) speculates on his intelligence. Using Conan Doyle’s stories as data, Radford applies three different methods to estimate Sherlock Holmes’s IQ, and concludes that his intelligence was very high indeed, estimated at approximately 190 points. Snyder (2004) examines Holmes’ methods in the light of the science and the criminology of the mid to late 19th century. Kempster (2006) compares neurologists’ skills with those displayed by Holmes. Finally, Didierjean and Gobet (2008) review the literature on the psychology of expertise by taking as model a fictional expert: Sherlock Holmes. They highlight aspects of Doyle’s books that are in line with what is currently known about expertise, aspects that are implausible, and aspects that suggest further research.
Legacy
Fan speculation
The fifty-six short stories and four novels written by Conan Doyle are termed the "canon" by Sherlock Holmes fans. Early scholars of the canon included Ronald Knox in Britain and Christopher Morley in New York, the latter having founded the Baker Street Irregulars, the first society devoted exclusively to the canon of Holmes, in 1934.
Writers have produced many pop culture references to Sherlock Holmes, Conan Doyle, or characters from the stories in homage, to a greater or lesser degree. Such allusions can form a plot development, raise the intellectual level of the piece, or act as Easter eggs for an observant audience.
Some have been overt, introducing Holmes as a character in a new setting, or a more subtle allusion, such as making a logical character live in an apartment at number 221B. One well-known example of this is the character Gregory House on the show ''House M.D'', whose name and apartment number are both references to Holmes. Often the simplest reference is to dress anybody who does some kind of detective work in a deerstalker and cape.
However, throughout the entire novel series, Holmes is never explicitly described as wearing a "deerstalker hat". Holmes dons "his ear-flapped travelling cap" in "The Adventure of Silver Blaze". Sidney Paget first drew Holmes wearing the deerstalker cap and Inverness cape in "The Boscombe Valley Mystery" and subsequently in several other stories.
"Elementary, my dear Watson"
A third major reference is the oft-quoted but non-canonical catchphrase: "Elementary, my dear Watson". This phrase is never actually uttered by Holmes in any of the sixty Holmes stories written by Conan Doyle. In the stories, Holmes often remarks that his logical conclusions are "elementary", in that he considers them to be simple and obvious. He also, on occasion, refers to Dr. Watson as "my dear Watson". The two fragments, however, never appear together. One of the closest examples to this phrase appears in "The Adventure of the Crooked Man", when Holmes explains a deduction:
The first known use of this phrase was in the 1915 novel, ''Psmith Journalist'', by P. G. Wodehouse. It also appears at the very end of the 1929 film, ''The Return of Sherlock Holmes'', the first Sherlock Holmes sound film. William Gillette, who played Holmes on stage and radio, had previously used the similar phrase, ''Oh, this is elementary, my dear fellow''. The phrase might owe its household familiarity to its use in Edith Meiser's scripts for ''The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes'' radio series, broadcast from 1939 to 1947.
The Great Hiatus
Holmes aficionados refer to the period from 1891 to 1894—the time between Holmes's disappearance and presumed death in "The Adventure of the Final Problem" and his reappearance in "The Adventure of the Empty House"—as "the Great Hiatus". It is notable, though, that one later story ("The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge") is described as taking place in 1892.Conan Doyle wrote the first set of stories over the course of a decade. Wanting to devote more time to his historical novels, he killed off Holmes in "The Final Problem," which appeared in print in 1893. After resisting public pressure for eight years, the author wrote ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'', which appeared in 1901, implicitly setting it before Holmes's "death" (some theorise that it actually took place after "The Return" but with Watson planting clues to an earlier date). The public, while pleased with the story, was not satisfied with a posthumous Holmes, and so Conan Doyle revived Holmes two years later. Many have speculated on his motives for bringing Holmes back to life, notably writer-director Nicholas Meyer, who wrote an essay on the subject in the 1970s entitled "The Great Man Takes a Walk". The actual reasons are not known, other than the obvious: publishers offered to pay generously. For whatever reason, Conan Doyle continued to write Holmes stories for a quarter-century longer.
Some writers have come up with other explanations for the hiatus. In Meyer's novel ''The Seven-Per-Cent Solution'', the hiatus is depicted as a secret sabbatical following Holmes's treatment for cocaine addiction at the hands of Sigmund Freud, and presents Holmes making the light-hearted suggestion that Watson write a fictitious account claiming he had been killed by Moriarty, saying of the public: "They'll never believe you in any case".
In his memoirs, Conan Doyle quotes a reader, who judged the later stories inferior to the earlier ones, to the effect that when Holmes went over the Reichenbach Falls, he may not have been killed, but was never quite the same man. The differences in the pre- and post-Hiatus Holmes have in fact created speculation among those who play "The Great Game" (making believe Sherlock Holmes was a historical person). Among the more fanciful theories, the story "The Case of the Detective's Smile" by Mark Bourne, published in the anthology ''Sherlock Holmes in Orbit'', posits that one of the places Holmes visited during his hiatus was Alice's Wonderland. While there, he solved the case of the stolen tarts, and his experiences there contributed to his kicking the cocaine addiction.
Societies
In 1934, the Sherlock Holmes Society, in London, and the Baker Street Irregulars, in New York were founded. Both are still active (though the Sherlock Holmes Society was dissolved in 1937 to be resuscitated only in 1951). The London-based society is one of many worldwide who arrange visits to the scenes of the Sherlock Holmes adventures, such as the Reichenbach Falls in the Swiss Alps.The two initial societies founded in 1934 were followed by many more Holmesians circles, first of all in America (where they are called "scion societies"—offshoots—of the Baker Street Irregulars), then in England and Denmark. Nowadays, there are Sherlockian societies in many countries, such as India and Japan.
Museums
During the 1951 Festival of Britain, Sherlock Holmes's sitting-room was reconstructed as the masterpiece of a Sherlock Holmes Exhibition, displaying a unique collection of original material. After the 1951 exhibition closed, items were transferred to the Sherlock Holmes Pub, in London, and to the Conan Doyle Collection in Lucens (Switzerland). Both exhibitions, each including its own Baker Street Sitting-Room reconstruction, are still open to the public. In 1990, the Sherlock Holmes Museum opened in Baker Street London and the following year in Meiringen, Switzerland another museum opened; naturally, they include less historical material about Conan Doyle than about Sherlock Holmes himself. The Sherlock Holmes Museum in Baker Street, London was the first Museum in the world to be dedicated to a fictional character. A private collection of Conan Doyle is also housed in the Portsmouth City Museum which has a permanent exhibit, due to his importance in the city where he lived and worked for many years.
Adaptations and derived works
The enduring popularity of Sherlock Holmes has led to hundreds of works based on the character – both adaptations into other media and original stories. The copyright in all of Conan Doyle's works expired in the United Kingdom in 2000 (1980 in Canada and Australasia) and they are therefore in the public domain throughout most of the world (where the expiry term is 50 or 70 years following the year of death). All works published in the United States prior to 1923 are in the public domain; this includes all Sherlock Holmes stories with the exception of some of the stories contained within The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes. For works published after 1923 but before 1963, if the copyright was registered, its term lasts for 95 years. The Conan Doyle heirs registered the copyright to ''The Case Book'' (published in the USA after 1923) in 1981.
Stage and screen adaptations
The ''Guinness World Records'' has consistently listed Sherlock Holmes as the "most portrayed movie character" with 75 actors playing the part in over 211 films. Holmes' first screen appearance was in the Mutoscope film ''Sherlock Holmes Baffled'' in 1900, albeit in a barely-recognisable form.
William Gillette’s 1899 play ''Sherlock Holmes, or The Strange Case of Miss Faulkner'' was a synthesis of several stories by Doyle, mostly based on ''A Scandal in Bohemia'' adding love interest, with the Holmes-Moriarty exchange from ''The Final Problem'', as well as elements from ''The Copper Beeches'' and ''A Study in Scarlet''. By 1916, Harry Arthur Saintsbury had played Holmes on stage more than a thousand times. This play formed the basis for Gillette's 1916 motion picture, ''Sherlock Holmes''.
In a 1924 comedy film "Sherlock Jr." Buster Keaton's character longs to be a detective.
Basil Rathbone starred as Sherlock Holmes, alongside Nigel Bruce as Dr Watson, in fourteen US films (two for 20th Century Fox and a dozen for Universal Pictures) from 1939 to 1946, as well as a number of radio plays. It is these films that produced the iconic though noncanonical line, "Elementary, my dear Watson".
Ronald Howard starred in 39 episodes of the ''Sherlock Holmes'' 1954 American TV series with Howard Marion Crawford as Watson. The storylines deviated from the books of Conan Doyle, changing characters and other details.
Fritz Weaver appeared as Sherlock Holmes in the musical ''Baker Street'', which ran on Broadway between 16 February and 14 November 1965. Peter Sallis portrayed Dr. Watson, Inga Swenson appeared as The Woman, Irene Adler, and Martin Gabel played Moriarty. Virginia Vestoff, Tommy Tune, and Christopher Walken were also members of the original cast.
In ''The Return Of Sherlock Holmes'', a TV-Movie aired in 1987, Margaret Colin stars as Dr. Watson's great-granddaughter Jane Watson, a Boston private eye, who stumbles upon Sherlock Holmes' (played by Michael Pennington) body in frozen suspension and restores the Victorian sleuth to life in the 1980s. The film was intended as a pilot for a TV series which never materialised. A similar plot line was used in ''Sherlock Holmes Returns: 1994 Baker Street'' where Dr Amy Winslow (played by Debrah Farentino) discovers Sherlock Holmes frozen in the cellar of house in San Francisco owned by a descendant of Mrs Hudson. Holmes (played by Anthony Higgins) froze himself in the hopes that crimes in the future would be less dull. He discovers that consulting detectives have been replaced by the police department's forensic science lab and that the Moriarty family are still the Napoleon's of crime.
Two episodes of ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'' feature Sherlock Holmes. In episode No. 29 ("Elementary, Dear Data") the character of Data, played by Brent Spiner, pretends he is Sherlock to Geordi's Dr. Watson in a holodeck experience. In episode No. 138 ("Ship in a Bottle") archvillain Dr. Moriarty seems to escape from the holodeck into the Enterprise proper.
Jeremy Brett is generally considered the definitive Holmes, having played the role in four series of ''Sherlock Holmes'', created by John Hawkesworth for Britain's Granada Television, from 1984 through to 1994, as well as depicting Holmes on stage. Brett's Dr Watson was played by David Burke (pre-hiatus) and Edward Hardwicke (post-hiatus) in the series. Jeremy Brett wished to be the best Sherlock Holmes the world had ever seen and conducted extensive research into the character and the author that created him. He strove to bring passion and life to the role and in his obituary it was said, "Mr. Brett was regarded as the quintessential Holmes: breathtakingly analytical, given to outrageous disguises and the blackest moods and relentless in his enthusiasm for solving the most intricate crimes."
Nicol Williamson portrayed Holmes in ''The Seven-Per-Cent Solution'' with Robert Duvall playing Watson and featuring Alan Arkin as Sigmund Freud. The 1976 adaption was written by Nicholas Meyer from his 1974 book of the same name, and directed by Herbert Ross.
Between 1979 and 1986, Soviet television broadcast a series of five made-for-TV films in a total of eleven parts, ''The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson'', starring Vasily Livanov as Holmes and Vitaly Solomin as Watson. Livanov's portrayal of Holmes is widely considered canonical. Holmes museum in London, Baker St., 221B, has the portrait of Livanov depicting Holmes himself.
In 2002 made-for-television movie ''Sherlock: Case of Evil'', James D'Arcy starred as Holmes in his 20s. The story noticeably departs from the style and backstory of the canon and D'Arcy's portrayal of Holmes is slightly different from prior incarnations of the character, psychologically disturbed, an absinthe addicted, a heavy drinker and a ladies' man.
The Fox television series ''House'' contains numerous similarities and references to Holmes. Show creator David Shore has acknowledged this "subtle homage".
In the 2009 film ''Sherlock Holmes'', based on a story by Lionel Wigram and images by John Watkiss, directed by Guy Ritchie, the role of Holmes is performed by Robert Downey, Jr. with Jude Law portraying Watson. It is a reinterpretation which heavily focuses on Holmes's more anti-social personality traits as an unkempt eccentric with a brilliant analytical mind and formidable martial abilities, making this the most cynical incarnation of Holmes. However, with the exception of missing Holmes's 'catlike love of personal cleanliness', many critics have lauded the film as one of the most faithful to Doyle's canon. Robert Downey Jr. won the Golden Globe Award for his portrayal. Downey Jr. will return in the 2011 sequel ''Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows''.
Independent film company The Asylum released the direct-to-DVD film ''Sherlock Holmes'' in January 2010. In the film, Holmes and Watson battle a criminal mastermind dubbed "Spring-Heeled Jack", who controls several mechanical creatures to commit crimes across London. Holmes (Ben Syder) is portrayed as considerably younger than most actors who have played him, and his disapproval of Scotland Yard is undertoned, though things like his drug additction remain mostly unchanged. The film features a brother of Holmes's called Thorpe, who was invented by the producers of the film out of creative liberty. His companion Watson is played by ''Torchwood'' actor Gareth David-Lloyd.
In March 2010 Youtuber "Ross K" (Ross K Foad) created No Place Like Holmes, a web drama comedy show based on Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories. It is considered to be the only ongoing Sherlock Holmes web show. It focuses on the adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson following an encounter with a malicious demonic Sir Hugo Baskerville, who freezes them in a time spell only for them to eventually re-emerge in the present day. Unlike the BBC Sherlock, this Holmes does not embrace technology or modern-day devices and remains the Victorian gentleman he has always been, dressing the same and holding the same values he did over 100 years ago. There is also a spin-off which takes place in 1891–1894 covering the Great Hiatus years where Sherlock is still on the run from Moriarty's right-hand men following the events of the Final Problem.
Benedict Cumberbatch plays a modern-day version of the detective in the BBC One TV series ''Sherlock'', which premiered on 25 July 2010. The series changes the books' original Victorian setting to the shady and violent present-day London. The show was created by Mark Gatiss and Steven Moffat, best-known as writers for the BBC television series ''Doctor Who''. Says Moffat, "Conan Doyle's stories were never about frock coats and gas light; they're about brilliant detection, dreadful villains and blood-curdling crimes – and frankly, to hell with the crinoline. Other detectives have cases, Sherlock Holmes has adventures, and that's what matters."
Cumberbatch's Holmes was described by the BBC as
brilliant, aloof and almost entirely lacking in social graces. Sherlock is a unique young man with a mind like a 'racing engine'. Without problems to solve, it will tear itself to pieces. And the more bizarre and baffling the problems the better. He has set himself up as the world's only consulting detective, whom the police grudgingly accept as their superior.He also uses modern technology, such as texting and internet blogging, to solve the crimes, and in a nod towards changing social attitudes and broadcasting regulations, he has replaced his pipe with multiple nicotine patches.
Related and derivative works
In addition to the Sherlock Holmes corpus, Conan Doyle's "The Lost Special" (1898) features an unnamed "amateur reasoner" clearly intended to be identified as Holmes by his readers. His explanation for a baffling disappearance, argued in Holmes's characteristic style, turns out to be quite wrong—evidently Conan Doyle was not above poking fun at his own hero. A short story by Conan Doyle using the same idea is "The Man with the Watches". Another example of Conan Doyle's humour is "How Watson Learned the Trick" (1924), a parody of the frequent Watson-Holmes breakfast table scenes. A further (and earlier) parody by Conan Doyle is "The Field Bazaar". He also wrote other material, especially plays, featuring Holmes. Many of these are collected in ''Sherlock Holmes: The Published Apocrypha'' edited by Jack Tracy, ''The Final Adventures of Sherlock Holmes'' edited by Peter Haining and ''The Uncollected Sherlock Holmes'' compiled by Richard Lancelyn Green.
In 1907, Sherlock Holmes began featuring in a series of German booklets. Among the writers was Theo van Blankensee. Watson had been replaced by a 19 year old assistant from the street, among his ''Baker Street Irregulars'', with the name Harry Taxon, and Mrs. Hudson had been replaced by one Mrs. Bonnet. From number 10 the series changed its name to "Aus den Geheimakten des Welt-Detektivs". The French edition changed its name from "Les Dossiers Secrets de Sherlock Holmes" to "Les Dossiers du Roi des Detectives".
Sherlock Holmes's abilities as both a good fighter and as an excellent logician have been a boon to other authors who have lifted his name, or details of his exploits, for their plots. These range from Holmes as a cocaine addict, whose drug-fuelled fantasies lead him to cast an innocent Professor Moriarty as a super villain (''The Seven-Per-Cent Solution''), to science-fiction plots involving him being re-animated after death to fight crime in the future (''Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century'').
Some authors have supplied stories to fit the tantalising references in the canon to unpublished cases (e.g. "The giant rat of Sumatra, a story for which the world is not yet prepared" in "The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire"), notably ''The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes'' by Conan Doyle's son Adrian Conan Doyle with John Dickson Carr, and ''The Lost Adventures of Sherlock Holmes'' by Ken Greenwald, based rather closely on episodes of the 1945 Sherlock Holmes radio show that starred Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce and for which scripts were written by Dennis Green and Anthony Boucher. Others have used different characters from the stories as their own detective, e.g. Mycroft Holmes in ''Enter the Lion'' by Michael P. Hodel and Sean M. Wright (1979) or Dr James Mortimer (from ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'') in books by Gerard Williams.
Laurie R. King recreates Sherlock Holmes in her Mary Russell series (starting with ''The Beekeeper's Apprentice''), set during the First World War and the 1920s. Her Holmes is (semi)retired in Sussex, where he is literally stumbled over by a teenage American girl. Recognising a kindred spirit, he gradually trains her as his apprentice. As of 2009 the series includes nine novels and a novella tie-in with a book from King's present-time Kate Martinelli series, ''The Art of Detection''.
Carole Nelson Douglas' series, the Irene Adler Adventures, is based on the character from Doyle's "A Scandal in Bohemia". The first book, ''Good Night, Mr. Holmes'', retells that tale from Irene's point of view. The series is narrated by Adler's companion, Penelope Huxleigh, in a role similar to that of Dr. Watson.
The film ''They Might Be Giants'' is a 1971 romantic comedy based on the 1961 play of the same name (both written by James Goldman) in which the character Justin Playfair, played by George C. Scott, is convinced he is Sherlock Holmes, and manages to convince many others of same, including the psychiatrist Dr. Watson, played by Joanne Woodward, who is assigned to evaluate him so he can be committed to a mental institution.
The film ''Young Sherlock Holmes'' (1985) explores adventures of Holmes and Watson as boarding school pupils.
The Japanese anime series "Detective Conan", also called "Case Closed" in English, is an homage to Doyle's work. The 2002 film ''The Case of the Whitechapel Vampire'' is loosely based on Doyle's story "The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire".
In the 1980s Ben Kingsley played Dr. Watson in ''Without a Clue''. Dr. Watson hired an actor to be Sherlock Holmes (Michael Caine) because the cases he has been writing about are his own. Moriarty is said to know that Sherlock Holmes is an idiot.
The novel ''A Dog About Town'' by J. F. Englert makes reference to Sherlock Holmes, comparing the black Labrador retriever narrator, Randolph, to Doyle's detective as well as naming a fictitious spirit guide after him.
''The Final Solution'' is a 2004 novel by Michael Chabon. The story, set in 1944, revolves around an 89-year-old long-retired detective who may or may not be Sherlock Holmes but is always called just "the old man", now interested mostly in beekeeping, and his quest to find a missing parrot, the only friend of a mute Jewish boy. The title references both Doyle's story "The Final Problem" and the Final Solution, the Nazis' plan for the genocide of the Jewish people.
In 2006, a southern California "vaudeville-nouveau" group known as Sound & Fury began performing a theatre in the round parody show entitled "Sherlock Holmes & The Saline Solution" which depicts Holmes as a bumbling figure guided by a slightly less clueless Watson. The show ran in Los Angeles as well as the Edinburgh and Adelaide Fringe Festivals through 2009.
In a novella "The Prisoner of the Tower, or A Short But Beautiful Journey of Three Wise Men" by Boris Akunin published in 2008 in Russia as the conclusion of "Jade Rosary Beads" book, Sherlock Holmes and Erast Fandorin oppose Arsène Lupin on 31 December 1899.
In June 2010 it was announced that Franklin Watts books, a part of Hachette Children's Books are to release a series of four children's graphic novels by writer Tony Lee and artist Dan Boultwood in spring 2011 based around the Baker Street Irregulars during the three years that Sherlock Holmes was believed dead, between The Adventure of the Final Problem and The Adventure of the Empty House. Although not specifying whether Sherlock Holmes actually appears in the books, the early reports include appearances by Doctor Watson, Inspector Lestrade and Irene Adler.
On 17 January 2011, it was announced that the Conan Doyle estate had commissioned Anthony Horowitz, author of the Alex Rider novels, The Power of Five and TV's ''Foyle's War'', to write a brand new, authorised Sherlock Holmes novel to be published by Orion Books in September 2011. "The content of the new tale – and indeed the title – remain a closely guarded secret."
The original stories
The original Sherlock Holmes stories consist of fifty-six short stories and four novels written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
Novels
Short stories
''For more detail see List of Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes short stories''.The short stories, originally published in periodicals, were later gathered into five anthologies:
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1887 Category:1930s American radio programs Category:Fictional amateur detectives Category:Fictional boxers Category:Fictional criminologists Category:Fictional English people Category:Fictional martial artists Category:Fictional people from London Category:Fictional private investigators Category:Fictional sword fighters Category:Fictional violinists Category:Victorian era Category:Edwardian era
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| name | Peter Sellers |
|---|---|
| birth name | Richard Henry Sellers |
| birth date | September 08, 1925 |
| birth place | Southsea, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom |
| death date | July 24, 1980 |
| death place | London, England, United Kingdom |
| death cause | Heart Attack |
| nationality | British |
| occupation | Actor, comedian |
| ethnicity | Jewish |
| years active | 1948–1980 |
| spouse | Anne Hayes(m. 1951-1961; divorced)Britt Ekland(m. 1964-1968; divorced)Miranda Quarry(m. 1970-1974; divorced)Lynne Frederick (m. 1977-1980; his death) |
| children | Michael (deceased), Sarah, Victoria }} |
Sellers rose to fame on the BBC Radio comedy series ''The Goon Show''. His ability to speak in different accents (e.g., French, Indian, American, German, as well as British regional accents), along with his talent to portray a range of characters to comic effect, contributed to his success as a radio personality and screen actor and earned him national and international nominations and awards. Many of his characters became ingrained in public perception of his work. Sellers' private life was characterized by turmoil and crises, and included emotional problems and substance abuse. Sellers was married four times, and had three children from the first two marriages.
An enigmatic figure, he often claimed to have no identity outside the roles that he played, but he left his own portrait since, "he obsessively filmed his homes, his family, people he knew, anything that took his fancy right to the end of his life—intimate film that remained undiscovered until long after his death in 1980." The director Peter Hall has said: "Peter had the ability to identify completely with another person, and think his way physically, mentally and emotionally into their skin. Where does that come from? I have no idea. Is it a curse? Often, I think it's not enough, though, in this business to have talent. You have to have talent to handle [your] talent. And that I think Peter did ''not'' have."
Early life
Sellers was born in Southsea, Portsmouth, to a family of entertainers. Though christened Richard Henry, his parents always called him Peter, after his elder stillborn brother, and, according to Bryan Forbes, "was, during his formative years, totally smothered in maternal affection". He attended the North London Roman Catholic school St. Aloysius College, although his father, Yorkshire-born Bill Sellers, was Protestant and his mother, Agnes Doreen 'Peg' ''née'' Marks was Jewish. His great-great-grandfather was Daniel Mendoza, the 18th century British prizefighter of Jewish ancestry. As an adult, notes film critic Alexander Walker, Mendoza was the ancestor Sellers "most revered," and he usually kept an engraving of him hanging in his office. At one time he planned on having Mendoza's image for his production company's logo.According to Sellers' biographer Roger Lewis, Sellers was intrigued by Catholicism, but soon after entering Catholic school, he "discovered he was a Jew—he was someone on the outside of the mysteries of faith." Sellers says that teachers referred to him as "The Jew", which led to his subsequent sensitivity to anti-semitic innuendos. He was a top student at the school, and recalls that the teacher once scolded the other boys for not studying: "The Jewish boy knows his catechism better than the rest of you!"
Later in his life, Sellers is quoted as saying "My father was solid Church of England but my mother was Jewish—Portuguese Jewish—and Jews take the faith of their mother." Film critic Kenneth Tynan noted after his interview with Sellers that one of the main "motive forces" for his ambition as an actor was "his hatred of anti-semitism." Tynan explained:
In scholars, lawyers, doctors and vaudeville comedians, Jewishness is tolerated. In legitimate actors, much less often. . . . Hence [Peter Seller's refusal] to be content with the secure reputation of a great mimic and his determination to go down in history as something more—a great actor, perhaps, or a great director.
Sellers was of the opinion that "becoming part of some large group never does any good. Maybe that's my problem with religion," he said during an interview. He explained:
"I wasn't baptized. I wasn't Bar Mitzvahed. I suppose my basic religion is doing unto others as they would do unto me. But I find it all very difficult. I am more inclined to believe in the Old Testament than in the New . . . .
Accompanying his family on the variety show circuit, Sellers learned stagecraft, which proved valuable later. He performed at age five at the burlesque Windmill Theatre in the drama ''Splash Me!'', which featured his mother. However, he grew up with conflicting influences from his parents and developed ambivalent feelings about show business. His father lacked confidence in Peter's abilities to ever become much in the entertainment field, even suggesting that his son's talents were only enough to become a road sweeper, while Sellers' mother encouraged him continually.
Sellers got his first job at a theatre in Ilfracombe, when he was 15, starting as a janitor. He was steadily promoted, becoming a box office clerk, usher, assistant stage manager, and lighting operator. He was also offered some small acting parts. Working backstage gave him a chance to see serious actors at work, such as Paul Scofield. He also became close friends with Derek Altman, and together they launched Sellers' first stage act under the name "Altman and Sellers," where they played ukuleles, sang, and told jokes. They also both enjoyed reading detective stories by Dashiell Hammett, and were inspired to start their own detective agency. "Their enterprise ended abruptly when a potential client ripped Sellers' fake moustache off."
At his regular job backstage at the theatre, Sellers began practising on a set of drums that belonged to the band "Joe Daniels and His Hot Shots." Joe Daniels began noticing his efforts and gave him some practical instructions. Sellers' biographer Ed Sikov writes that "drumming suited him. Banging in time Pete could envelop himself in a world of near-total abstraction, all in the context of a great deal of noise."
World War II period
As war broke out in Europe, Sellers continued to develop his drumming skills, which strongly impressed even his father and landed Sellers his first drumming job with a band in Blackpool.He later enlisted, and during World War II Sellers was an airman in the Royal Air Force, rising to corporal, though he had been restricted to ground staff because of poor eyesight. His tour included India and Burma, although the duration of his stay in Asia is unknown and its length may have been exaggerated by Sellers himself. He also served in Germany and France after the war. As a distraction from the life of a non-commissioned officer, Sellers joined the Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA), which his father had earlier also signed up with, allowing him to hone his drumming and comedy. By the end of the war in 1945, more than four out of five British entertainers had worked for ENSA, whose focus was on boosting morale of soldiers and factory workers.
He occasionally impersonated his superiors, and his portrayal of RAF officer Lionel Mandrake in the film ''Dr. Strangelove'' may have been modelled on them. He bluffed his way into the Officers' Mess using mimicry and the occasional false moustache, although as he told Michael Parkinson in the 1972 interview, occasionally older officers would suspect him. The voice of ''Goon Show'' character Major Dennis Bloodnok came from this period.
Early career
The Goon Show
After his discharge and return to England in 1948, Sellers supported himself with stand-up routines in variety theatres whose impresarios needed to legitimise their business. Sellers telephoned BBC radio producer Roy Speer, pretending to be Kenneth Horne, star of the radio show ''Much Binding in the Marsh'', to get Speer to speak to him. Speer reportedly called Sellers a "cheeky young sod" for this.As a result, Sellers was given an audition, which led to his work on ''Ray's a Laugh'' with comedian Ted Ray. His principal radio work was on ''The Goon Show'' with Spike Milligan, Harry Secombe and (originally) Michael Bentine. Sellers followed this with television work.
Records
In the late 1950s, Sellers released two comedy records produced by George Martin: ''The Best of Sellers'' and ''Songs for Swinging Sellers''. ''The Best of Sellers'' album cover (first released in 10" format in 1958 and his debut LP) pictured him polishing a Rolls-Royce motor car. The most popular tracks on this album were "Balham, Gateway to the South" (a parody travelogue) and "Suddenly It's Folksong" where a group of people end up smashing up a pub after a row over someone playing a bum note. The ''Songs for Swinging Sellers'' album, released in 1959, whose title parodied Frank Sinatra's album Songs for Swinging Lovers, contained material written by Frank Muir and Denis Norden, and featured Sellers performing "Puttin on the Style" (a parody of the skiffle movement's performer Lonnie Donegan). Sellers also appeared with guest Irene Handl on the track "Shadows on the Grass" where he played the part of a Frenchman befriending a lady in the park. Musical direction was by Ron Goodwin.In 1963, Sellers worked with Anthony Newley, Leslie Bricusse and Joan Collins to produce the LP ''Fool Britannia''. This comprised a series of sketches satirizing the British political scandal the Profumo Affair, in which the Minister for War was revealed to have lied about his relationship with a prostitute who was also involved with a Russian diplomat. The album was controversial, in part perhaps because of material involving the royal family, and would-be buyers in the United Kingdom found it especially hard to obtain.
A 1965 hit was a spoof spoken version of the Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night", in the style of Laurence Olivier. This followed up various pieces of Olivier-style speech in the Goons.
In 1979 he released a new gatefold album entitled ''Sellers' Market'' (the cover shows him standing next to traders reading the ''Financial Times'' and the ''Wall Street Journal'' whereas Sellers is reading the ''Finchley Press'') which included comic singing and a feature called the "All England George Formby Finals" where he parodies the late George Formby and his ukulele playing. Also featured was the ''Complete Guide to Accents of the British Isles''. The album was not as popular as his first two in 1958 and 1959 although it is still sought after by collectors. All of his albums exploited Sellers's ability to use his flexible voice to comedic effect.
Acting technique and preparation
In an October 1962 interview for ''Playboy'', Sellers described how he prepared for acting roles once he agreed to play the part:
Film career
Sellers' film success arrived with British comedies, including ''The Ladykillers'', ''I'm All Right Jack'' and ''The Mouse That Roared''. In his early film roles, he continued to exploit his ability to do accents and different voices, often in character parts and occasionally playing several distinct roles in a single film. In his second movie, he played two parts; in his third, six (see chart below).In ''The Smallest Show on Earth'', the 27-year-old actor played a doddering, drunken elderly projectionist twice his actual age. In ''The Mouse That Roared'', set in a small European country, he played three major and distinct roles, the elderly queen, the ambitious Prime Minister, and the innocent and clumsy farm boy selected to lead an invasion of the United States. In the United States he received considerable publicity for playing three parts, a stunt he would do again in ''Dr. Strangelove''.
He began receiving international attention for his portrayal of an Indian doctor in ''The Millionairess'' with Sophia Loren. The film inspired the George Martin-produced novelty hit single ''Goodness Gracious Me'' and its follow-up ''Bangers and Mash'', both featuring Sellers and Loren.
''Lolita''
In 1962, Stanley Kubrick asked Sellers to play the role of Clare Quilty in ''Lolita'' opposite James Mason and Shelley Winters. Kubrick had seen Sellers in his earlier films and was intrigued by his range, also demonstrated during ''The Goon Show'' period when Sellers had done impressions of famous people, such as Winston Churchill, the Queen, and Lew Grade.However, Sellers felt the part of a flamboyant American television playwright was beyond his ability, mainly because Quilty was, in Sellers' words, "a fantastic nightmare, part homosexual, part drug addict, part sadist...". He became nervous about taking on the role, and many people came up to him and told him they felt the role believable. Kubrick eventually succeeded in persuading Sellers to play the part, however. Kubrick had American jazz musician and producer Norman Granz record Sellers' portions of the script for Sellers to listen to, so he could study the voice and develop confidence.
Unlike most of his earlier well-rehearsed movie roles, Sellers was encouraged by Kubrick to improvise throughout the filming in order to exhaust all the possibilities of his character. Moreover, in order to capture Sellers at his most creative heights, Kubrick often used as many as three cameras. Sellers and Kubrick created the multiple disguises used by Sellers, such as a state trooper and a German psychologist. As filming progressed, the other actors and the crew would notice Sellers' greatly enjoying his acting and, according to Kubrick, reaching "...what can only be described as a state of comic ecstasy". The movie's cinematographer, Oswald Morris, further commented that, "the most interesting scenes were the ones with Peter Sellers, which were total improvisations."
Because of this experience, Sellers found that his relationship with Kubrick became one of the most rewarding of his career.
''Dr. Strangelove''
{{Image gallery |title= |lines=1 |width=200 |height= |Dr. Strangelove - Group Captain Lionel Mandrake.png||Muffley and Dr. Strangelove appeared in the same room throughout the film, with the help of Kubrick's special effects. Sellers was originally also cast to play a fourth role as bomber pilot Major T. J. "King" Kong but although script contributor Terry Southern (a native Texan) taped his own voice reading Kong's lines to coach the actor in the strong Texas accent required, Sellers was unable to master it. Shortly before he was to shoot the scenes as Kong, he reportedly fell and fractured his ankle, forcing Kubrick to recast the part with Slim Pickens. For his performance in all three roles, Sellers was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. Kubrick again gave Sellers a free rein to improvise throughout the filming. Sellers once said, "If you ask me to play myself, I will not know what to do. I do not know who or what I am."
''Pink Panther''
thumb|left|175px|Peter Sellers as [[Inspector Clouseau|Chief Inspector Clouseau in the ''The Pink Panther'']] From 1963, Sellers was cast as the bumbling Chief Inspector Clouseau in the ''The Pink Panther'' movies. This character gave Sellers a worldwide audience, beginning with ''The Pink Panther'' and its sequel, ''A Shot in the Dark'', in which he featured more prominently. He returned to the character for three more sequels from 1975 to 1978. ''The Trail of the Pink Panther'', containing unused footage of Sellers, was released in 1982, after his death. His widow, Lynne Frederick, successfully sued the film's producers for unauthorized use. Sellers had prepared to star as Chief Inspector Clouseau in another Pink Panther film; he died before the start of this project, ''Romance of the Pink Panther''.
''Being There''
In 1979, Sellers played the role of Chance, a simple gardener addicted to watching TV, in the black comedy ''Being There'', considered by some critics to be the "crowning triumph of Peter Sellers's remarkable career," as well as a great achievement for novelist Jerzy Kosinski. During a BBC interview in 1971, Sellers said that more than anything else, he wanted to play the role of Chance.Kosinski, the book's author, felt that the novel was never meant to be made into a film, but Sellers succeeded in changing his mind, and Kosinski allowed Sellers and director Hal Ashby to make the film, provided he could write the script. According to film critic Danny Smith, Sellers was "naturally intrigued with the idea of Chance, a character who reflected whatever was beamed at him".
Sellers's performance was praised by some critics as achieving "the pinpoint-sharp exactitude of nothingness. It is a performance of extraordinary dexterity", and "...[making] the film's fantastic premise credible".
Sellers's experience of working on the film was both humbling and powerful for him. During the filming, in order not to break his character, he refused most interview requests, and even kept his distance from other actors. He tried to remain in character even after he returned home. Sellers considered Chance's walking and voice the character's most important attributes, and in preparing for the role, Sellers worked alone with a tape recorder, or with his wife, and then with Ashby, to perfect the clear enunciation and flat delivery needed to reveal "the childlike mind behind the words."
Critic Frank Rich noted the acting skill required for this sort of role, with a "schismatic personality that Peter had to convey with strenuous vocal and gestural technique. . . . A lesser actor would have made the character's mental dysfunction flamboyant and drastic. . . . [His] intelligence was always deeper, his onscreen confidence greater, his technique much more finely honed."
''Being There'' earned Sellers his best reviews since the 1960s, a second Academy Award nomination and a Golden Globe award. A few months after the film was released, ''Time'' magazine wrote a cover-story article about Sellers, entitled, "Who is This Man?" The cover showed many of the characters Sellers had portrayed, including Chance, Quilty, Strangelove, Clouseau, and the Grand Duchess Glorianna XII. Sellers was pleased by the article, written by critic Richard Schickel, and wrote an appreciative letter to the magazine's editor."
Final projects
Sellers' last movie was ''The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu'', a comedic reimagining of the classic series of adventure novels by Sax Rohmer. In this new version, Sellers played both "Fu Manchu" and his arch nemesis, police inspector Nayland Smith. Production of the film ran into problems from the start, with Sellers' poor health and mental instability causing long delays and bickering between star and director Piers Haggard. With roughly 60% of the movie shot, Sellers had Haggard sacked and took over direction himself. Haggard later complained that the reshoots Sellers ordered added nothing to the production, and had resulted in the film being incoherent and unfocused. The movie contains references to Sellers' serious heart troubles, including scenes where Fu revives his ancient body with large electric shocks.Sellers died shortly before ''Fu Manchu'' was released, with his very last performance being that of conman "Monty Casino" in a series of adverts for Barclays Bank. In 1982, Sellers returned to the big screen as Inspector Clouseau in ''Trail of the Pink Panther'', which was composed entirely of deleted scenes from his past three ''Panther'' movies, in particular ''The Pink Panther Strikes Again'', with a new story written around them. David Niven also reprised his role of Sir Charles Lytton in this movie. Along with what many, notably his widow Lynne Frederick, saw as exploitation of Sellers, the manner in which Niven's cameo was handled has earned the movie a lasting unsavoury reputation. Edwards continued the series with a further instalment called the ''Curse of the Pink Panther'', which was shot back to back with the framing footage for ''Trail'', but Sellers was wholly absent from this film.
After ''The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu'', Sellers was scheduled to appear in another Clouseau comedy, ''The Romance Of The Pink Panther''. Its script, written by Peter Moloney and Sellers himself, had Clouseau falling for a brilliant female criminal known as 'The Frog' and aiding her in her heists with the aim to reform her character. Blake Edwards did not participate in the planning of this new Clouseau instalment, as the working relationship between him and Sellers had broken down during the filming of ''Revenge Of The Pink Panther''. The final draft of the script, including a humorous cover letter signed by "Pete Shakespeare", was delivered to United Artists' office less than six hours before Sellers died. Sellers death ended the project, along with two other planned movies for which Sellers had signed contracts in 1980. The two films—''Unfaithfully Yours'' and ''Lovesick''—were rewritten as vehicles for Dudley Moore; both performed poorly at the box office upon release. Trade papers such as ''Variety'' carried an elaborately curlicued advert for the former movie, with Sellers at the top of the cast list, in early June 1980.
Other roles
Director Billy Wilder hired Sellers to co-star with Dean Martin for the ribald 1964 comedy ''Kiss Me, Stupid'', but six weeks into filming, Sellers suffered a heart attack. Wilder replaced him with Ray Walston.Sellers was a versatile actor, switching from broad comedy, as in ''The Party'', in which he portrayed a bumbling Indian actor Hrundi Bakshi, to more intense performances as in ''Lolita''.
Sellers appeared in an episode of the American television series ''It Takes a Thief'' in 1969. By the early 1970s he faced a downturn, however, and was dubbed "box office poison". Sellers never won an Oscar but won the BAFTA for ''I'm All Right Jack''.
Sellers appeared on ''The Muppet Show'' television series in 1977. He chose not to appear as himself, instead appearing in a variety of costumes and accents. When Kermit the Frog told Sellers he could relax and be "himself," Sellers (while wearing a Viking helmet, a girdle and one boxing glove, claiming to have attempted to dress as Queen Victoria), replied, "There is no me. I do not exist. There used to be a me, but I had it surgically removed."
Personal life
Sellers was reticent about discussing his private life. He was invited to appear on Michael Parkinson's eponymous chat show in 1974, but agreed under the condition that he could appear in character. Sellers appeared dressed as a member of the Gestapo, impersonating the Kenneth Mars character in ''The Producers''. After a few lines in keeping with his assumed character, he stepped out of the role and settled down for what is considered one of Parkinson's most memorable interviews.
Marriages
Sellers was married four times and fathered three children:Anne Hayes (née Howe, 1951–1961). They had a son, Michael, and a daughter, Sarah.
Spike Milligan wrote Sellers' multiple marriages into his scripts, referring in one 1972 radio show to "The Peter Sellers Discarded Wives Memorial". At the time, Sellers was married to Quarry.
Depression, substance abuse, and health problems
It has been suggested that Sellers suffered depression spurred by deep-seated anxieties of artistic and personal failure and exacerbated by substance abuse. It is believed that his drug use, especially amyl nitrites, contributed to heart attacks in 1964 (see below). Sellers' difficulties in his career and life prompted him to seek periodic consultations with astrologer Maurice Woodruff, who seemed to have held considerable sway over his later career.
Relationships
Other celebrities
Sellers had casual friendships with two Beatles, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. Harrison told occasional Sellers stories in interviews, and Starr appeared with him in the anarchic movie ''The Magic Christian'', which was based on Terry Southern's novel and whose theme song was Badfinger's "Come and Get It", written by Paul McCartney. Starr's two-week hiatus from the Beatles during the ''White Album'' recordings was spent aboard Sellers's yacht, where he wrote "Octopus's Garden". Starr also gave Sellers a rough mix of songs from the Beatles' ''White Album''; the tape was auctioned and bootlegged after his death. Sellers recorded a cover version of "A Hard Day's Night", in the style of Laurence Olivier's interpretation of Richard III, as well as various versions of "She Loves You", including as Dr. Strangelove, a cockney, and an Irish dentist.Sellers's friends included actor and director Roman Polanski, who shared his passion for fast cars. Sellers had a close relationship with Sophia Loren, but accounts differ on whether or not their relationship was consummated. Sellers was the first man on the cover of ''Playboy''—he appeared on the April 1964 cover with Karen Lynn.
Sellers was a Freemason and belonged to Chelsea Lodge No 3098, a lodge whose membership consists of celebrities and performers, through which means he socialised with a number of other actors and comedians.
Royal Family
In her autobiography ''True Britt'', Britt Ekland described Sellers' close relationship with the Royal Family. "I was completely unaware of his (Sellers) connection with the British monarchy. One afternoon before we married he had disappeared saying that he had to do something 'important'. I was to learn he had spent afternoon tea with the Queen Mother at Clarence House." He was a close friend of Princess Margaret, who appears in one of his home movies.
Obsession with automobiles
Sellers had a lifelong obsession with cars, briefly parodied in a fleeting cameo in the short film ''Simon Simon'', directed by friend Graham Stark. His love of cars was also referenced in ''The Goon Show'' episode "The Space Age," where Harry Secombe introduces Sellers by saying, "Good heavens, it's Peter Sellers, who has just broken his own record of keeping a car for more than a month." In "The Last Goon Show of All", announcer Andrew Timothy cued him with "Mr. Sellers will now sell a gross of his cars and take up a dramatic voice."
Personal conflicts
Sellers' personality was described by others as difficult and demanding and he often clashed with fellow actors and directors. He had a strained relationship with friend and director Blake Edwards, with whom he worked on the ''Pink Panther'' series and ''The Party''. The two sometimes stopped speaking to each other during filming.His work with Orson Welles on ''Casino Royale'' deteriorated as Sellers became jealous of Welles's casual relationship with Princess Margaret. The relationship between the two actors created problems during filming, as Sellers refused to share the set with Welles, who himself was no stranger to strident behaviour.
Sellers could be cruel and disrespectful, as demonstrated by his treatment of actress Jo Van Fleet on the set of ''I Love You, Alice B. Toklas''. On one occasion, Van Fleet had declined an invitation to his house, soon followed by a misunderstanding between the two actors during filming. This prompted Sellers to launch a tirade against Van Fleet in front of actors and crew.
Sellers' difficulties to maintain civil and peaceful relationships also extended into his private life. He assaulted his then wife, Britt Ekland, prompted by jealousy. Sellers sometimes blamed himself for his failed marriages. In a 1974 ''Parkinson'' interview, he admitted that "I'm not easy to live with".
Death
In the spring of 1964, at age 38, Sellers suffered a series of heart attacks (13 in a few days) while working on the set of Billy Wilder's ''Kiss Me, Stupid'', and he was replaced by Ray Walston. At one point, Sellers was pronounced dead. Sellers reportedly saw a loving, bright white light, but then looked down at the operating table where he saw a doctor attempting to resuscitate him. He also reportedly heard a voice which told him that it wasn't his time, and he returned back to his body. Although Sellers survived, his heart was permanently damaged. Sellers chose to consult with psychic healers rather than seek Western medical treatment, and his heart condition continued to deteriorate over the next 16 years. In late 1977, he suffered a second major heart attack, resulting in his being fitted with a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat. Once again, Sellers refused to slow down, nor did he follow doctors' orders and consider open heart surgery, which could well have extended his life by several years.A reunion dinner was scheduled in London with his ''Goon Show'' partners, Spike Milligan and Harry Secombe, for 25 July 1980. But around noon on 22 July, Sellers collapsed from a massive heart attack in his Dorchester Hotel room and fell into a coma. He died in a London hospital just after midnight on 24 July 1980, aged 54. He was survived by his fourth wife, Lynne Frederick, and his three children. At the time of his death, he was scheduled to undergo heart surgery in Los Angeles on 30 July 1980.
Although Sellers was reportedly in the process of excluding Frederick from his will a week before he died, she inherited almost his entire estate worth an estimated £4.5 million while his children received £800 each. When Frederick died in 1994 (aged 39), her mother Iris inherited everything, including all of the income and royalties from Sellers' work. When Iris dies the whole estate will go to Cassie, the daughter Lynne had with her third husband, Barry Unger. Sellers' only son, Michael, died of a heart attack at 52 during surgery on 24 July 2006 (26 years to the day after his father's death). Michael was survived by his second wife, Alison, whom he married in 1986, and their two children.
In his will, Sellers requested that the Glenn Miller song "In the Mood" be played at his funeral. The request is considered his last touch of humour, as he hated the piece. His body was cremated and he was interred at Golders Green Crematorium in London. After her death in 1994, the ashes of his former widow Frederick were co-interred with his.
Legacy and influence
The stage play, “Being Sellers,” premiered in Australia in 1998, three years after release of the biography by Roger Lewis, “The Life and Death of Peter Sellers.” The play premiered in New York in December 2010. In 2004, the book was turned into an HBO film, ''The Life and Death of Peter Sellers'', starring Geoffrey Rush.The film ''Trail of the Pink Panther'', made by Blake Edwards using unused footage of Sellers from ''The Pink Panther Strikes Again'', is dedicated to Sellers's memory. The title reads "To Peter ... The one and only Inspector Clouseau."
In a 2005 poll to find "The Comedian's Comedian", Sellers was voted 14 in the list of the top 20 greatest comedians by fellow comedians and comedy insiders. British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen frequently referred to Peter Sellers "as the most seminal force in shaping his early ideas on comedy". Cohen was considered for the role of the biopic ''The Life and Death of Peter Sellers'' (the role went to Australian actor Geoffrey Rush).
Filmography
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1950 | ''The Black Rose'' | Alfonso Bedoya | Voice (uncredited) |
| ''Penny Points to Paradise'' | The Major/Arnold Fringe | ||
| Groucho/Giuseppe/Cedric/Izzy/Gozzunk/Crystal Jollibottom | |||
| 1952 | ''Down Among the Z Men'' | Major Bloodnok | |
| 1953 | ''Our Girl Friday'' | Parrot | Voice (uncredited) |
| 1954 | ''Orders are Orders'' | Private Griffin | |
| ''John and Julie'' | Police Constable Diamond | ||
| ''The Ladykillers'' | Mr. Robinson | ||
| ''The Case of the Mukkinese Battle Horn'' | Narrator/Supt. Quilt/Asst. Commissioner Sir Jervis Fruit/Henry Crun | ||
| ''The Man Who Never Was'' | Winston Churchill | Voice only | |
| ''Insomnia Is Good for You'' | Hector Dimwiddle | Short film | |
| ''The Smallest Show on Earth'' | Leslie Quill | ||
| Sonny McGregor | |||
| CPO Doherty | |||
| Antony | |||
| ''Carlton-Browne of the F.O.'' | Prime Minister Amphibulos | ||
| ''The Mouse That Roared'' | Grand Duchess Gloriana XII / Prime MinisterCount Rupert Mountjoy / Tully Bascombe | Three roles. | |
| ''I'm All Right Jack'' | Fred Kite | ||
| Mr. Martin | |||
| ''The Running Jumping & Standing Still Film'' | Photographer | ||
| ''Never Let Go'' | Lionel Meadows | ||
| ''The Millionairess'' | Dr. Ahmed el Kabir | ||
| ''Two-Way Stretch'' | Dodger Lane | ||
| 1961 | ''Mr. Topaze'' | Auguste Topaze | Also Director |
| ''Only Two Can Play'' | John Lewis | ||
| General Leo Fitzjohn | |||
| ''The Road to Hong Kong'' | Indian Neurologist | Uncredited | |
| Clare Quilty | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture | ||
| Wilfred Morgenhall | |||
| ''The Wrong Arm of the Law'' | Pearly Gates | ||
| ''Heavens Above!'' | The Reverend John Smallwood | ||
| Chief Inspector Jacques Clouseau | |||
| ''Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb'' | Group Captain Lionel Mandrake / President Merkin Muffley / Dr. Strangelove | ||
| ''The World of Henry Orient'' | Henry Orient | ||
| Chief Inspector Jacques Clouseau | |||
| ''Birds, Bees and Storks'' | Narrator | Voice | |
| ''What's New Pussycat'' | Doctor Fritz Fassbender | ||
| ''The Wrong Box'' | Doctor Pratt | ||
| ''After the Fox'' | Aldo Vanucci | ||
| Evelyn Tremble | Also (Uncredited) Writer | ||
| ''Woman Times Seven'' | Jean | ||
| ''The Bobo'' | Juan Bautista | ||
| Hrundi V. Bakshi | |||
| ''I Love You, Alice B. Toklas!'' | Harold | ||
| 1969 | Sir Guy Grand KG, KC, CBE | Also Writer | |
| ''A Day at the Beach'' | Salesman | ||
| Benjamin Hoffman | |||
| ''Simon, Simon'' | Man with two cars | ||
| ''There's a Girl in My Soup'' | Robert Danvers | ||
| ''Where Does It Hurt?'' | Dr. Albert T. Hopfnagel | ||
| The March Hare | |||
| ''Ghost in the Noonday Sun'' | Dick Scratcher | ||
| ''The Blockhouse'' | Rouquet | ||
| Sam | |||
| ''Soft Beds, Hard Battles'' | Général Latour / Major Robinson / Herr Schroeder / Adolf Hitler / The President / Prince Kyoto | Played six roles. | |
| Queen Victoria | |||
| 1975 | ''The Return of the Pink Panther'' | Chief Inspector Jacques Clouseau | |
| ''Murder by Death'' | Sidney Wang | ||
| ''The Pink Panther Strikes Again'' | Chief Inspector Jacques Clouseau | Fourth film by Sellers in the Pink Panther seriesNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy | |
| Episode 43 originally aired February 27, 1978 in New York, and February 24, 1978 in Los Angeles | |||
| ''Kingdom of Gifts'' | Larcenous Mayor | Voice only | |
| ''Revenge of the Pink Panther'' | Chief Inspector Jacques Clouseau | Fifth film by Sellers in the Pink Panther series | |
| Rudolf IV / Rudolf V / Syd Frewin | Played three roles. | ||
| ''Being There'' | Chance | Fotogramas de Plata for Best Foreign PerformanceGolden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyLondon Film Critics Circle Award | |
| 1980 | ''[[The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu'' | Dennis Nayland Smith / Dr. Fu 'Fred' Manchu | Last film. Played two roles.Also (Uncredited) Director |
| 1982 | ''Trail of the Pink Panther'' | Chief Inspector Jacques Clouseau | Footage of Sellers used. |
Comedy singles
Sellers released several comedy singles, many of them produced by George Martin and released on the Parlophone record label. These include the following hits:When asked in 1960 what he thought the music business would be like in ten years' time, Sellers retorted: ''NME'', November 1960.
Albums
Sellers made several albums, mostly of comedy pieces using his talent for voices.Discography:
Further reading
1108 pages. Published in the U.S. via Applause Books Roger Lewis's biography of Sellers is very comprehensive, and includes a very comprehensive index. ''Mr Strangelove;A Biography of Peter Sellers'', a book by Ed Sikov ''P.S. I Love You'' by Michael Sellers 1981 ''A Hard Act to Follow'' Michael Sellers (with Gary Morecambe, 1996). '' Sellers on Sellers'' Michael Sellers (2000, co-written with Gary Morecambe)
See also
References
External links
Video clips
Category:1925 births Category:1980 deaths Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best British Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:English comedians Category:English film actors Category:English impressionists (entertainers) Category:English Jews Category:English radio actors Category:English television actors Category:Jewish actors Category:Jewish comedians Category:People from Southsea Category:People from Portsmouth Category:Royal Air Force airmen
ar:بيتر سيلرز an:Peter Sellers bn:পিটার সেলার্স bs:Peter Sellers bg:Питър Селърс ca:Peter Sellers cs:Peter Sellers cy:Peter Sellers da:Peter Sellers de:Peter Sellers el:Πίτερ Σέλλερς es:Peter Sellers eo:Peter Sellers eu:Peter Sellers fa:پیتر سلرز fr:Peter Sellers hi:पीटर सेलर्स hr:Peter Sellers id:Peter Sellers it:Peter Sellers he:פיטר סלרס la:Petrus Sellers hu:Peter Sellers nl:Peter Sellers ja:ピーター・セラーズ no:Peter Sellers pl:Peter Sellers pt:Peter Sellers ro:Peter Sellers ru:Селлерс, Питер simple:Peter Sellers sk:Peter Sellers sr:Питер Селерс sh:Peter Sellers fi:Peter Sellers sv:Peter Sellers tl:Peter Sellers tr:Peter Sellers uk:Пітер Селлерс zh:彼得·塞勒斯This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| birth name | Shirley MacLean Beaty |
|---|---|
| birth date | April 24, 1934 |
| birth place | Richmond, Virginia, U.S. |
| occupation | Actress, singer, dancer, author, activist |
| years active | 1953–present |
| spouse | Steve Parker(m. 1954–82, divorced) |
| children | Sachi Parker }} |
Early life
Named after Shirley Temple, MacLaine was born Shirley MacLean Beaty in Richmond, Virginia. Her father, Ira Owens Beaty, was a professor of psychology, public school administrator, and real estate agent, and her mother, Kathlyn Corinne (née MacLean), was a drama teacher born in Nova Scotia, Canada; MacLaine's grandparents were also teachers. The family was devoutly Baptist. While she was still a child, MacLaine's father moved the family from Richmond to Norfolk, and then to Arlington, Virginia and Waverly, eventually taking a position at Arlington's Thomas Jefferson Junior High School.Shirley had very weak ankles as a child, so her mother decided to enroll her in ballet class. Strongly motivated by ballet throughout her youth, she never missed a class. In classical romantic pieces like "Romeo & Juliet" and "Sleeping Beauty," being the tallest in the class, she always played the boys' role due to the absence of males in the class. She eventually got to play a respectable female role — the fairy godmother in "Cinderella." While warming up backstage, she broke her ankle, but decided to dance the role all the way through. Eventually, MacLaine decided that professional ballet wasn't for her: she had grown too tall (being over 6 feet tall en pointe) and did not have the requisite "beautifully constructed feet" (high arches, high insteps). Also, she found ballet too limiting. After leaving ballet, MacLaine pursued Broadway dancing. Eventually, she turned to acting.
She attended Washington-Lee High School, where she was on the cheerleading squad and acted in the school's productions. The summer before her senior year, she was in New York to try acting on Broadway with some success. After she graduated, she returned and within a year she became an understudy to actress Carol Haney in ''The Pajama Game''; Haney broke her ankle, and MacLaine replaced her. A few months after, with Haney still out of commission, film producer Hal B. Wallis was in the audience, took note of MacLaine, and signed her to work for Paramount Pictures. She later sued Wallis over a contractual dispute, a suit that is credited with ending the old-style studio star system of actor management.
Career
MacLaine made her film debut in Alfred Hitchcock's ''The Trouble with Harry'' (1955), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for New Star Of The Year - Actress. In 1956 she had roles in ''Hot Spell'' and ''Around the World in Eighty Days''. At the same time she starred in ''Some Came Running'', the film that gave her her first Academy Award nomination - one of five that the film received - and a Golden Globe nomination.Her second nomination came two years later for ''The Apartment'', starring with Jack Lemmon. The film won five Oscars, including Best Director for Billy Wilder. She later said, "I thought I would win for ''The Apartment'', but then Elizabeth Taylor had a tracheotomy". She starred in ''The Children's Hour'' (1961) also starring Audrey Hepburn, based on the play by Lillian Hellman. She was again nominated, this time for ''Irma la Douce'' (1963), for which she reunited with Wilder and Lemmon. Don Siegel, her director on ''Two Mules for Sister Sara'' (1970), in which she starred opposite Clint Eastwood, once said, "It's hard to feel any great warmth to her. She's too unfeminine and has too much balls. She's very, very hard."
In 1975 she received a nomination for Best Documentary Feature for her documentary film ''The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir''. Two years later, she was once again nominated for ''The Turning Point'' co-starring Anne Bancroft, in which she portrayed a retired ballerina much like herself. In 1978, she was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award for outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry. In 1980 she starred in ''A Change of Seasons'' alongside Anthony Hopkins. The pair famously didn't get along and Hopkins said “she was the most obnoxious actress I have ever worked with." In 1983 she won an Oscar for ''Terms of Endearment''. The film won another four Oscars; one for Jack Nicholson and three for director James L. Brooks. In 1988, MacLaine won a Golden Globe for Best Actress (Drama) for ''Madame Sousatzka''.
She continued to star in major films, such as ''Steel Magnolias'' with Julia Roberts and many other stars. She made her feature-film directorial debut in ''Bruno,'' MacLaine starred as Helen in this film, which was released to video as ''The Dress Code.'' In 2007 she completed ''Closing the Ring'', directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Christopher Plummer. Other notable films in which MacLaine has starred include ''Sweet Charity'' (1968), ''Being There'' (1979) with Peter Sellers, ''Postcards From the Edge'' (1990) with actress Meryl Streep, playing a fictionalized version of Debbie Reynolds with a screenplay by Reynolds's daughter, Carrie Fisher, ''Used People'' with Jessica Tandy and Kathy Bates, ''Guarding Tess'' (1994) with Nicolas Cage, "Mrs. Winterbourne" (1996), with actress and talk show host, Ricki Lake and actor Brendan Fraser, ''Rumor Has It…'' (2005) with Kevin Costner and Jennifer Aniston and ''In Her Shoes'' with Cameron Diaz.
MacLaine is also set to star in ''Poor Things,'' a drama.
MacLaine has also appeared in numerous television projects including an autobiographical miniseries based upon the book ''Out on a Limb,'' ''The Salem Witch Trials,'' ''These Old Broads'' written by Carrie Fisher and co-starring Elizabeth Taylor, Debbie Reynolds, and Joan Collins, and ''Coco,'' a Lifetime production based on the life of Coco Chanel. She also had a short-lived sit-com called ''Shirley's World.''
MacLaine has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1165 Vine Street.
Personal life
MacLaine was married to businessman Steve Parker until they divorced in 1982. In April 2011 while promoting her new book, “I'm Over All That”, she told Oprah Winfrey that she had an open relationship with her husband. They had a daughter, Sachi Parker (born 1956). Shirley shares a birthday (April 24) with her good friend, Barbra Streisand, and they traditionally spend it together each year.MacLaine has a strong and enduring interest in spirituality and occultism. Many of her best-selling books, such as ''Out on a Limb'' and ''Dancing in the Light'', have it as their central theme. Her interests have led her to such forms of spiritual exploration as walking ''El Camino de Santiago'', working with Chris Griscom, and practicing Transcendental Meditation.
Her well-known interest in New Age spirituality has made its way into several of her films. In Albert Brooks's 1991 romantic comedy ''Defending Your Life'', the recently deceased lead characters, played by Brooks and Meryl Streep, are astonished to find MacLaine introducing their past lives in the "Past Lives Pavilion." In 1990's ''Postcards from the Edge'' (w/a screenplay by Carrie Fisher), MacLaine, playing a character loosely based on Debbie Reynolds, sings a special version of "I'm Still Here", with customized lyrics created especially for her by composer Stephen Sondheim. One of the lyrics was changed to "I'm feeling transcendental--am I here?" In the 2001 made-for-television movie ''These Old Broads'', starring MacLaine, Debbie Reynolds, Joan Collins, and Elizabeth Taylor, and written by Reynolds's daughter, Carrie Fisher, MacLaine's character is a devotee of New Age spirituality.
MacLaine has serous interest in UFO that she gave numerous interviews to CNN, NBC and FOX news channels on the subject through 2007-2008. In her 2007 released book "Sage-ing While Age-ing" she mentioned about her alien encounters and witnessing of Washington DC UFO incidents in 1950s.
MacLaine found her way into many law casebooks when she sued Twentieth Century-Fox for breach of contract. She was to play a role in a film titled ''Bloomer Girl'', but the production was canceled. Twentieth Century-Fox offered her a role in another film, ''Big Country, Big Man'', in hopes of getting out of its contractual obligation to pay her for the canceled film. MacLaine's refusal led to an appeal by Twentieth Century-Fox to the Supreme Court of California in 1970, where the Court ruled against Fox, calling the studio's alternate role offer "different or inferior" employment. ''Parker v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation'', 474 P.2d 689 (Cal. 1970).
She also is godmother to the daughter of U.S. Representative, Dennis Kucinich, a Democrat and former mayor of Cleveland, Ohio.
With her younger brother, Warren Beatty, MacLaine used her celebrity status in instrumental roles as a fundraiser and organizer for George McGovern's campaign for president in 1972. That year, she authored the book ''McGovern: The Man and His Beliefs''.Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |- | 1959 | ''Career'' | Sharon Kensington | |- |rowspan="3"| 1960 | ''Ocean's Eleven'' | Tipsy girl | uncredited cameo |- | ''Can-Can'' | Simone Pistache | |- | ''The Apartment'' | Fran Kubelik | BAFTA Award for Best Foreign ActressGolden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyVolpi CupNominated — Academy Award for Best Actress |- |rowspan="3"| 1961 | ''The Children's Hour'' | Martha Dobie | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama |- | ''All in a Night's Work'' | Katie Robbins | |- | ''Two Loves'' | Anna Vorontosov | |- |rowspan="2"| 1962 | ''Two for the Seesaw'' | Gittel Mosca | |- | ''My Geisha'' | Lucy Dell/Yoko Mori | |- | 1963 | ''Irma la Douce'' | Irma la Douce | Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated — Academy Award for Best ActressNominated — BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress |- |rowspan="2"| 1964 | ''The Yellow Rolls-Royce'' | Mae Jenkins | |- | ''What a Way to Go!'' | Louisa May Foster | Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress |- | 1965 | ''John Goldfarb, Please Come Home'' | Jenny Erichson | |- | 1966 | ''Gambit'' | Nicole Chang | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |- | 1967 | ''Woman Times Seven'' | Paulette/Maria Teresa/Linda/Edith/Eve Minou/Marie/Jeanne | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |- | 1968 | ''The Bliss of Mrs. Blossom'' | Harriet Blossom | |- | 1969 | ''Sweet Charity'' | Charity Hope Valentine | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |- | 1970 | ''Two Mules for Sister Sara'' | Sara | |- | 1971 | ''Desperate Characters'' | Sophie Bentwood |Silver Bear for Best Actress at Berlin |- | 1972 | ''The Possession of Joel Delaney'' | Norah Benson | |- |1975 |''The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir'' |Herself |DocumentaryWriter, direct, producerNominated — Academy Award for Best Feature Documentary |- | 1977 | ''The Turning Point'' | Deedee Rodgers |Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress |- | 1979 | ''Being There'' | Eve Rand | Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |- |rowspan="2"| 1980 | ''A Change of Seasons'' | Karyn Evans | |- | ''Loving Couples'' | Evelyn | |- | 1983 | ''Terms of Endearment'' | Aurora Greenway | Academy Award for Best ActressDavid di Donatello for Best Foreign ActressGolden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaLos Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNational Board of Review Award for Best ActressNew York Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role |- | 1984 | ''Cannonball Run II'' | Veronica | |- | 1987 | ''Out on a Limb'' | Herself | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film |- | 1988 | ''Madame Sousatzka'' | Madame Yuvline Sousatzka | Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaVolpi Cup |- | 1989 | ''Steel Magnolias'' | Ouiser Boudreaux | Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role |- |rowspan="2"| 1990 | ''Postcards from the Edge'' | Doris Mann | Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture |- | ''Waiting for the Light'' | Aunt Zena | |- | 1991 | ''Defending Your Life'' | "Past Lives Pavilion" host | |- | 1992 | ''Used People'' | Pearl Berman | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |- | 1993 | ''Wrestling Ernest Hemingway'' | Helen Cooney | |- | 1994 | ''Guarding Tess'' | Tess Carlisle | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |- | 1995 | ''The West Side Waltz'' | Margaret Mary Elderdice | |- |rowspan="2"| 1996 | ''The Evening Star'' | Aurora Greenway | |- | ''Mrs. Winterbourne'' | Grace Winterbourne |Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |- | 1997 | ''A Smile Like Yours'' | Martha | uncredited |- | 1999 | ''Joan of Arc'' | Madame de Beaurevoir | |- | 2000 | ''Bruno'' | Helen |Directed by Shirley MacLaine |- | 2001 | ''These Old Broads'' | Kate Westbourne | |- |rowspan="2"| 2002 | ''Salem Witch Trials'' | Rebecca Nurse | |- | ''Hell on Heels: The Battle of Mary Kay'' | Mary Kay |Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film |- | 2003 | ''Carolina'' | Grandma Millicent Mirabeau | |- |rowspan="3"| 2005 | ''Rumor Has It…'' | Katharine Richelieu | |- | ''Bewitched'' | Iris Smythson/Endora | |- | ''In Her Shoes'' | Ella Hirsch | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion PictureNominated — Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture |- | 2007 | ''Closing the Ring'' | Ethel Ann | |- |rowspan=2| 2008 | ''Coco Chanel'' |Coco Chanel | Nominated — Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a MovieNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television FilmNominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie |- | ''Anne of Green Gables: A New Beginning'' |Amelia Thomas | |- |2010 | ''Valentine's Day'' | Estelle Paddington | |- |2011 | ''Bernie'' | Marjorie Nugent | |}
TV work
References
Bibliography
(Published in Europe as: )
External links
Category:1934 births Category:Living people Category:People from Richmond, Virginia Category:Actors from Virginia Category:American Christians Category:Baptists from the United States Category:American comedians Category:American dancers Category:American female singers Category:American film actors Category:American musical theatre actors Category:American people of Canadian descent Category:American spiritual writers Category:American stage actors Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Emmy Award winners Category:People from Arlington County, Virginia Category:Transcendental Meditation practitioners Category:GLAAD Media Awards winners
ar:شيرلي ماكلين an:Shirley MacLaine be:Шырлі Маклэйн be-x-old:Шырлі Маклэйн bg:Шърли Маклейн ca:Shirley MacLaine cs:Shirley MacLaine da:Shirley MacLaine de:Shirley MacLaine et:Shirley MacLaine el:Σίρλεϊ Μακ Λέιν es:Shirley MacLaine eo:Shirley MacLaine eu:Shirley MacLaine fa:شرلی مکلین fr:Shirley MacLaine ga:Shirley MacLaine gl:Shirley MacLaine ko:셜리 맥클레인 hr:Shirley MacLaine io:Shirley MacLaine id:Shirley MacLaine it:Shirley MacLaine he:שירלי מקליין hu:Shirley MacLaine nl:Shirley MacLaine ja:シャーリー・マクレーン no:Shirley MacLaine nn:Shirley MacLaine oc:Shirley MacLaine pl:Shirley MacLaine pt:Shirley MacLaine ro:Shirley MacLaine ru:Маклейн, Ширли simple:Shirley MacLaine sr:Ширли Маклејн sh:Shirley MacLaine fi:Shirley MacLaine sv:Shirley MacLaine tl:Shirley MacLaine tg:Ширлей МакЛаине tr:Shirley MacLaine uk:Ширлі Маклейн vi:Shirley MacLaine yo:Shirley MacLaine zh:莎莉·麥克琳This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Clint Mansell |
|---|---|
| background | non_performing_personnel |
| birth name | Clinton Darryl Mansell |
| birth date | January 07, 1963 |
| origin | Coventry, England |
| genre | ClassicalContemporary classicalElectronicAlternative |
| occupation | Musician, Composer |
| years active | 1981–present |
| associated acts | Pop Will Eat Itself |
| website | clintmansell.com |
| notable instruments | }} |
Clinton Darryl "Clint" Mansell, (born 7 January 1963) is an English musician, composer, and former lead singer and guitarist of the band Pop Will Eat Itself.
After the disbanding of Pop Will Eat Itself in 1996, Mansell was introduced to film scoring when his friend, director Darren Aronofsky, hired him to score his debut film, ''π''. Mansell then wrote the score for the next Aronofsky film, ''Requiem for a Dream'', which has been well received. Its main composition "Lux Æterna" has become extremely popular, appearing in a wide variety of advertisements and film trailers.
Mansell's composition for ''The Fountain'' was nominated for Best Original Score at the 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards. His other notable film scores include ''Moon'', ''Smokin' Aces'', ''The Wrestler'', and ''Black Swan''.
Career
Pop career
Mansell was the lead singer and guitarist of the British band Pop Will Eat Itself. When PWEI signed to Nothing Records, Mansell became friends with Trent Reznor, and he also performed back-up vocals on the 1999 album ''The Fragile'' by Nine Inch Nails.
Soundtrack composer
Mansell's score for Darren Aronofsky's ''π'' was followed up by his score for Aronofsky's next film, ''Requiem for a Dream'', which became a cult hit. Since their first collaboration in 1996, Mansell has composed the music to every Aronofsky film.Other notable achievements include the theme for the film ''The Hole'', the music for the pilot episode of ''CSI: NY'', and the score for Aronofsky's later films ''The Fountain'', which was nominated for Best Original Score in the 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards, and ''The Wrestler''. Mansell has also contributed the score to HBO's Voyeur. The song was also used as the base theme for the song "Throw It Up" by Lil Jon. His most recent work has been on the soundtrack for ''Black Swan'' in 2010.
Mansell has garnered a cult following for his soundtrack work, so much that ''Smokin' Aces'' director Joe Carnahan admits to receiving "blatant threats" when the soundtrack was released without much of Mansell's score for the film.
Film trailers
The trailer for ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' contained a rearranged version of the track "Lux Æterna", using a full orchestra and choir. The piece, named "Requiem for a Tower", was recorded especially for the trailer. The orchestration was arranged by Simone Benyacar, Dan Nielsen, and Veigar Margeirsson."Lux Æterna" has since become popular, with both the original and the "Requiem for a Tower" version having appeared in a wide variety of advertisements and trailers, including the trailer for the Red Sox–Yankees games in the 2007 Major League Baseball season, and trailers for the films ''Zathura'', ''The Da Vinci Code'', ''Sunshine'', ''Babylon A.D.'' and the TV series ''Lost'' and ''Top Gear''. It was also used on Sky Sports News and as the theme for ''Soccer Saturday'' from 2007-2009. In 2006, the theme was used in EuroSport LIVE trailers. The theme was also used by ''America's Got Talent'' as an introduction of the judges before being changed slightly. The new variant is now a regular piece on the show.
The piece "Death Is the Road to Awe" from the score for ''The Fountain'' was featured in a trailer for the 2007 film ''I Am Legend'', and the trailer for the film ''The Mist'', as well as the trailer for the film ''Frost/Nixon'', and toward the end of 2007 The Final Cut trailer for ''Blade Runner''.
Scoring credits
References
External links
Category:1963 births Category:British indie rock musicians Category:English film score composers Category:Living people Category:People from Coventry
ar:كلينت مانسيل bg:Клинт Мансел cs:Clint Mansell de:Clint Mansell et:Clint Mansell el:Κλιντ Μάνσελ es:Clint Mansell fa:کلینت منسل fr:Clint Mansell it:Clint Mansell he:קלינט מנסל hu:Clint Mansell nl:Clint Mansell ja:クリント・マンセル pl:Clint Mansell pt:Clint Mansell ru:Мэнселл, Клинт simple:Clint Mansell sk:Clint Mansell fi:Clint Mansell sv:Clint Mansell th:คลินต์ แมนเซลล์ uk:Клінт МенселThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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"Being There" Movie Trailer starring Peter Sellers and Shirley MacLaine
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"Being There" Movie Trailer starring Peter Sellers and Shirley MacLaine
DOWNLOAD MOVIE www.amazon.com Visit our home page finder-keeper.com Based on Jerzy Kosinski's satirical novel about an illiterate gardener who has lived his entire life behind the walls of a Washington, DC, house, his only knowledge of ...
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Clint Mansell - Sacrifice (Moon OST)
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Clint Mansell - Sacrifice (Moon OST)
Trailer version. Moon (2009) Original Soundtrack. A sci fi movie directed by Duncan Jones depicts a story of a lonely Moon worker: Sam Bell (Sam Rockwell) contracted to work for three years on a Moon base. Two weeks before his trip back hom...
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