Shāh (, , ) is a ruler of certain Southwest Asian and Central Asian countries, especially Persia (now Iran), and derives from the Persian "shah", king. In Nepal, Shah is the family name of members of the royal family.

History

The title Shah or Shahanshah (King of Kings) refers to the title of Persian emperors or kings. It includes rulers of the first Persian Empire, the Achaemenid dynasty, which unified Persia and created a vast intercontinental empire, as well as rulers of succeeding dynasties.

The title was also extensively used in later periods by emperors of the Indian subcontinent, including those of the Mughal Empire. The third Mughal emperor Akbar the Great (1542–1605) was formally known as Shahanshah Akbar-e-Azam.

The full title of the Achaemenid rulers was ''xšāyaθiya xšāyaθiyānām'', "King of Kings" in Old Persian, corresponding to Middle Persian ''šāhān šāh'', literally "kings' king", and Modern Persian ''shāhanshāh'' (شاهنشاه). In Greek this phrase was translated as "βασιλεύς τῶν βασιλέων (basileus tōn basiléōn)", "king of kings", in rank rather equivalent to Emperor. The Indian counterpart of shahanshah was ''rajadhiraja'' or ''kshetra-pati'' (more toward ''Padishah''). Both were often shortened to their root, shah viz. basileus. Shah Jahan (name of a Mughal emperor, ruled 1628–57) and Shah Alam II (name of a Mughal emperor of India, ruled 1728–1806). This name is widespread in Iran and the subcontinent. India (Gujarat, Rajasthan): Hindu (Bania, Vania) and Jain name.

From the related word ''kshathra'', a Sanskrit word meaning "realm, province" also descends ''kshathrapavan'', literally "guardian of the realm", which in western languages became satrap "governor" via the Greek and Latin.

In English its use as title for the king of Persia is recorded since 1564, as ''Shaw'' and for long it remained common to render it in European languages by kingly rather than imperial titles. Via its Arabic form (also Shah) it was the root of the western words for chess and check (as in "check mate").

Shah is also a very widely used title among many Hindu castes of Gujarat and Rajasthan.

In western languages, the term "Shah" is often used as an imprecise rendering of ''shāhanshāh'' (meaning ''king of kings''). Usually shortened to ''shāh''. A notable use of the term "King of Kings" comes from Donations of Alexandria ceremony in 34BC, where Caesarion, son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII, was also proclaimed as "King of Kings", as a status of rulers ordained by god.

The term "shah" or "shahanshah" has roughly corresponded to the Persian Empire (which had succeeded to and absorbed the Mede state), after its conquest by Alexander the Great who translated it into Greek as ''basileus tōn basiléōn'', also often shortened to ''basileus''.

The title is roughly equivalent in rank to the western "Emperor" and is hence often translated as such in English or its equivalent in other languages. The Monarch of Persia (internally always called Iran, land of the Aryans) was technically the emperor of the Persian Empire (later the ''Empire of Iran'', as Iran was officially known until 1935). However until the Napoleonic era, when Persia was an enviable ally of the Western powers eager to make the Ottoman Sultan release his hold on various (mainly Christian) European parts of the Turkish Empire, and western (Christian) emperors had obtained the Ottoman acknowledgement that their western imperial styles were to be rendered in Turkish as ''padishah'', the western practice was to consider "King of Kings" a particular but royal title.

The last shah of Persia, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi officially adopted the title شاهنشاه ''shâhanshâh'' (literally ''King of Kings'') and in western languages the rendering as "Emperor", during his coronation. He also styled his wife شهبانو ''shahbânu'' (''empress'').

The kings of Georgia called themselves ''shahanshah'', for example Giorgi III; the last such monarch was Irakli II, although he adopted Russified titles in 1783, due to the influence of imperial Russia.

Ruler styles

The title ''padishah'' (Great King) was also adopted from the Iranians by the Ottomans, and by various other Islamic monarchs claiming imperial rank, such as the Indian mughal (among them only the Ottomans would also claim the caliphate, full sovereign authority over universal Islam.

The Turkish title ''hünkar'' is a contraction of the Middle Persian ''khudavendigar'', originally an epithet of semi-divine status. It must have been highly respected not to be swept away by Islam before the Ottomans could adopt it as a subsidiary title in the full style of their Great Sultan (following directly after padishah).

Another subsidiary style of the Ottoman sultan khan was ''Shah-i-Alam Panah'' 'King, refuge of the world'.

Some Monarchs were known by a contraction of the kingdom's name with Shah, such as Khwarezmshah, ruler of the short-lived mighty Muslim realm of Khwarezmia, or the more modest Azeri Shirvanshah of Shirvan (later a modest khanate).

Shahzada

''Shahzada'' (Persian شاهزاده ''Šāhzādé''). In the realm of a shah (or a more lofty derived ruler style), a prince of the blood was logically called ''shahzada'' as the term is derived from shah using the Persian patronymic suffix ''-zāde'' or ''-zāda'', "son, descendant"; it also means a Gujarati prince. However the precise full styles can differ in the court traditions of each shah's kingdom. Female descendants, or princesses are called "Shahzadi".

Thus in Oudh, only sons of the sovereign ''Shah bahadur'' (see above) were by birth-right styled ''Shahzada'' (personal title), ''Mirza'' (personal name)'' Bahadur'', though this style could also ''nominatim'' be extended to individual grandsons and even further relatives; other male descendants of the sovereign, in the male line were merely styled ''Mirza'' (personal name) or (personal name) ''Mirza''.

This could even apply to non-Muslim dynasties, ''e.g.'', the younger sons of the ruling ''Sikh'' Maharaja of Punjab (in Lahore; a Maharajadhiraja): ''Shahzada'' (personal name) ''Singh Bahadur'', while the heir apparent was styled Tika Sahib Bahadur

The corruption ''Shahajada'' "Shah's son", taken from the Mughal title Shahzada, is the usual princely title borne by the grandsons and male descendants of a Nepalese sovereign (a Hindu Maharajadhiraja; but cfr. Shaha above), in the male line.

:For the heir to a 'Persian-style' shah's royal throne, more specific titles were used, containing the key element Vali Ahad, usually in addition to shahzada where his junior siblings enjoyed this style.

Other styles

Shahbanu (Persian شهبانو, ''Šahbānū''): Persian term using the word Shah and the Perian suffix ''-banu'' ("lady"): Empress, in modern times, the official title of Empress Farah Pahlavi.

Shahdokht (Persian شاهدخت ''Šāhdoxt'') is also another term derived from Shah using the Persian patronymic suffix ''-dokht'' "daughter, female descendant", to address the Princess of the imperial households.

See also

Sher Shah Suri

External links

Last name: Shah at surnamedb.com

WorldStatesmen – here Iran; seee each present country

Etymology OnLine

Category:Heads of state Category:Royal titles Category:Noble titles Category:Persian loanwords Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership Category:Titles in Iran Category:Titles in Pakistan

af:Sjah ar:شاه an:Xah az:Şah be:Шах bg:Шах (титла) ca:Xa cy:Shah da:Shah de:Schah et:Šahh es:Sah eo:Ŝaho fa:شاه‌ fr:Chah ko:샤 hr:Šah (vladar) id:Shah it:Scià he:שאה ka:შაჰი la:Sachus lv:Šahs (monarhs) lt:Šachas hu:Sah arz:شاه ms:Shah nl:Sjah ja:シャー no:Sjah pl:Szach (władca) pt:Xá ro:Padișah ru:Шах (титул) sl:Šah (vladar) sh:Šah (titula) fi:Šaahi sv:Shah tr:Şah uk:Шах (титул) zh:沙阿

Name	Shah Mehmood Qureshiشاه محمود قریشی
Office	Minister of Foreign Affairs
Primeminister	Yousaf Raza Gillani
Term start	31 March 2008
Term end	9 February 2011
Predecessor	Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri
Successor	Hina Rabbani Khar
Birth date	June 22, 1956
Birth place	Murree, Pakistan
Party	Pakistan Peoples Party
Alma mater	Aitchison College, Forman Christian College UniversityUniversity of Cambridge
Profession	Lawyer
Religion	Islam }}

Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Hussain Qureshi (; born June 22, 1956) was the Foreign Minister of Pakistan in the coalition government of PPP, Muttahida Quami Movement[MQM], ANP and JUI-F formed after the 2008 general elections. He is a senior leader of Pakistan Peoples Party, where he was the president of PPP Punjab. He is the head of the Qureshi family and has many followers in the country and in South Asia. Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Qureshi is also the current Sajjada Nashin and custodian of the Mausoleum of Shah Rukn-e-Alam and of the Shrine (Darbar) of Hazrat Baha-ud-din Zakariya.

Education

He received a bachelor's from Forman Christian College. Qureshi also received a law degree from Cambridge University

Latest

Shah Mehmood Qureshi was snubbed in the 2011 Cabinet reshuffle. Many observers believe this was because he disagreed with the PM over whether Raymond Davis was legally a Diplomat. According to Qureshi, Raymond Davis was not a diplomat.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (2008 - 2011)

After taking charge of the office, Qureshi immediately made clear that he was committed to establishing peace in the region and that maintaining friendly ties with neighboring India were amongst his top priorities. Qureshi recently went on his first visit as foreign minister to China with Ahmad Mukhtar and President Asif Ali Zardari. On his arrival back, he was given praise for his work. Qureshi has visited many countries as Foreign Minister and has been very busy explaining Pakistan's stance on the war on terror to the foreign world.

An agriculturalist by trade, Qureshi is also the president of the Farmers Association of Pakistan.

Opposition to PPP/PML-Q Pact

He is against the new pact as he is of the view that PML-Q is indirectly involved in the killing of Benazir Bhutto.

See also

Makhdoom

References

External links

Profile of Shah Mahmood Qureshi at Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Two-Minute Bio: Shah Mahmood Qureshi in Time Magazine

Profile of Shah Mehmood Qureshi

Category:1956 births Category:Forman Christian College alumni Category:Living people Category:Pakistan Peoples Party politicians Category:Pakistani politicians Category:People from Multan Category:Seraiki people

de:Schah Mahmud Qureshi fr:Shah Mehmood Qureshi pnb:شاه محمود قریشی ur:شاہ محمود قریشی

name	Roger Shah
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Roger-Pierre Shah
alias	Sunlounger, Purple Mood, Savannah, Black Pearl, High Noon at Salinas, Magic Island, Global Experience
born	November 29, 1972Esslingen am Neckar, Germany
instrument	Synthesizer, Equalizer, etc.
genre	Balearic Trance AmbientChilloutElectronica
occupation	DJ, Producer, Radio show host/DJ of Magic Island
years active	1996 - present
label	Armada, Black Hole, Anjunabeats, Magic Island
associated acts	Sunlounger, Global Experience, Mellomania, North Dakota
website	http://www.rogershah.net/ Roger Shah@Facebook Roger Shah@Myspace }}

Roger Shah (aka Dj Shah, Sunlounger) is a German electronic music composer and producer.

Biography

Early History: Born in Esslingen in southern Germany to a German mother and a Pakistani father. His brother is Pedro del Mar, also a Trance DJ, hosts a bi-weekly vocal trance show called Mellomania. Roger first began to hit his production stride in his native country in 1999 putting out the tracks ‘Claps’, ‘The Mission’ & ‘Tides of Time’. In 2003 his ‘High’ release was signed by Virgin Records imprint Nebula. This marked his first non-domestic release and over the course of the next 5 years he inked productions to a range of trance labels - ones that came to include Anjunabeats, VANDIT & Black Hole.

The Armin Connection: In 2007 Armin van Buuren named Shah’s ‘Who Will Find Me’ release as his favourite track of 2007. Having heard the demo of its follow-up, Van Buuren saw crossover potential in the track and made contact in early 2008 to ask if Shah would like to collaborate on it. The result was the Chris Jones song ‘Going Wrong’… A national top 5 smash in The Netherlands, the track went on to become one of the biggest selling trance singles of the year. From there Magic Island Records – Shah’s primary label moved from his own stable to that of one of Armin’s industry-leading Armada Music.

Magic Island Records: An imprint for both Roger’s own material and that of likeminded producers, Magic Island releases have quickly become fixtures in the CDJs of the world’s biggest spinners. Notable up and coming names like Ralph Fritsch, DJ Cosmo, Kim Svard and Walsh & McAuley have all had releases on the label.

‘Songbook’: The M.I. deal’s quickest produce of the Magic Island/Armada deal was Roger’s first artist album, ‘Songbook’. Strongly received by both press and fans alike, it was praised for its innovative dual club mix and acoustic version approach. Singles taken from it like ‘Don’t Wake Me Up’ and the aforementioned ‘Going Wrong’ & ‘Who Will Find Me’ (a Top 20 ASOT Tune of the Year in ‘08) proved to be particularly popular.

Live & DJ Performances: In late 2008 Shah took the decision to change his artist name. Dropping the ‘DJ’ prefix, he revised it to Roger Shah – a move that signalled a move away from straightforward DJ sets. His successive live-on-stage more concert themed ones have brought a percevible change to how trance music was presented to an audience. During live performance, Roger Shah frequently uses a wireless keyboard interface such as the M-Audio Oxygen 25 (25 key usb midi controller). Roger Shah has mentioned numerous times that will perform with his laptop instead of CD.

Pseudonyms & Side Projects: In addition to his own-name tracks, Roger has also produced under a matrix of other sun-tipped aliases. Notable among them are his ‘pka’ DJ Shah, High Noon at Salinas, Magic Island & Savannah. Shah is also one half of the Anjunabeats released act Purple Moods, Black Hole project Global Experience and ASOT’s Black Pearl, whose ’06 – ’09 spanning singles ‘Coral Sea’, ‘Java’, ‘Bounty Island’ and ‘Rise’ generated much additional interest in Shah’s solo productions.

Sunlounger: Sunlounger is without doubt Roger’s best known nom de plume. It was under this handle that he released the ‘Another Day On The Terrace' long-player in 2008. It reached No.1 on Dutch iTunes’ ‘all-music-genres’ chart and spawned four singles: ‘In & Out’, ‘Aguas Blancas’, ‘Crawling’ & ‘White Sand’. The project become so celebrated that Roger expanded Sunlounger into a live act - a performance of which was featured on Armada’s ArminOnly DVD. It was this experience that he credited with his latter wholesale move into live Roger Shah performances. In 2009 Roger released the Sunlounger follow-up LP ‘Sunny Tales'. It's progeny singles included ‘Catwalk’, ‘Mediterranean Flower’, ‘Change Your Mind’ and the much-revered ‘Lost’ - voted as Tune of the Year for the 2008 A State of Trance radio show hosted by Armin van Buuren.

‘Magic Island: Music For Balearic People’ – The Compilations: Shah’s compilation series has so far seen three outings (2007, 2008 & 2010). Encapsulating everything Roger stands for musically, their intrinsically White Island trance sound has sound-tracked an uncountable number of clubbers holidays. Roger typically uses the compilations as first-listen holders for future singles & collaborations with Vol.2 including ones with Signum, Judge Jules & Amanda O’Riordan and Tenishia.

‘Magic Island: Music For Balearic People’ – The Radio Show: Broadcasting weekly, Magic Island – Music For Balearic People is a 2 hour radio show carried by the DI-fm station and is currently being syndicated to many other countries, most recently including Mexico and Jordan. Presented by Roger every Friday between 21.00 GMT (22:00 CET), it showcases him playing melodic trance through the first hour with the 2nd focusing on Balearic, chillout and Dream trance.

Remixes: Shah has reworked tracks for legendary vocalists like Sarah McLachlan and Nadia Ali. He’s also remixed tunes for a litany of trance-masters including Tiësto, Armin Van Buuren, Mark Norman, York, Cosmic Gate, Josh Gabriel, Johan Gielen, System F, The Thrillseekers, Solarstone, Three Drives, Matt Darey & Oceanlab. Most recently Roger has rewired Andain’s ‘Beautiful Things ‘10’ and Richard Durand’s ‘Always The Sun’.

Discography

DJ/Roger Shah

Albums

2000 The Album 2008 Songbook 2011 Openminded?!

Singles

1999 Claps 1999 Commandments 2000 Riddim 2001 Tides Of Time (feat. No Iron) 2002 High 2003 Sunday Morning 2004 Sunset Road (with York) 2006 Beautiful (Glimpse Of Heaven) (feat. Jan Johnston) 2007 Palmarosa 2007 Who Will Find Me (feat. Adrina Thorpe) 2008 Going Wrong (with Armin van Buuren feat. Chris Jones) 2008 Don't Wake Me Up (feat. Inger Hansen) 2008 Back To You (feat. Adrina Thorpe) 2009 You're So Cool (with Tenishia feat. Lorilee) 2009 To The Sky (with Chris Jones as Open Minded) 2009 I'm Not God (with Tenishia feat. Lorilee) 2009 Healesville Sanctuary (feat. Signum) 2010 Hold On (with Judge Jules feat. Amanda Angelic) 2010 Ancient World (with Signum) 2011 Morning Star (feat. Moya Brennan)

Compilations

2005 The Ultimate Chillout Collection 2008 Sunlounger Sessions 2008 Magic Island: Music For Balearic People 2009 Magic Island: Music For Balearic People Vol. 2 2010 Magic Island: Music For Balearic People Vol. 3 2010 Sunlounger – The Downtempo Edition

Remixes

as Dj Shah

2008 'Nadia Ali' - Crash and Burn

as Roger Shah

2008 'Sunlounger & Cap Feat. Stephanie Asscher' - Heart Of The Sun 2009 'Richard Durand' - Always The Sun 2009 'Roger Shah & Tenishia' - You're So Cool 2009 'Roger Shah & Tenishia' - I'm Not God 2009 'Roger Shah & Signum' - Healesville Sanctuary 2009 'Ira Losco' - Shoulders Of Giants 2009 'Samara' - Verano 2010 'Andain' - Beautiful Things 2010 'Roger Shah & Signum' - Ancient World

Sunlounger

Albums

2007 Another Day On The Terrace 2008 Sunny Tales 2010 The Beach Side of Life

Singles

2006 White Sand 2007 Aguas Blancas 2007 In & Out 2008 Crawling 2008 Catwalk / Mediterranean Flower 2008 Lost (feat. Zara) 2009 Change Your Mind (feat. Kyler England) 2010 Found (feat. Zara) 2010 Breaking Waves (feat. Inger Hansen)

Black Pearl

Singles

2006 Bounty Island 2008 Coral Sea 2009 Java 2010 Rise 2010 Discovery

Savannah

Singles

2006 Savannah La Mar 2009 Body Lotion 2010 Darling Harbour

Global Experience

Singles

2005 Tennessee / Dakar 2006 Zanzibar / San Salvador 2007 Madras / Malaysia 2008 Koengen

Remixes

2006 'Brian Laruso' - Song For The Ocean 2006 'Mark Norman Presents Celine' - Colour My Eyes 2006 'Tiesto Feat. Maxi Jazz' - Dance4Life 2006 'North Dakota' - Superstring 2.6 2007 'Shane 54' - 1000 Lullabies 2007 'Johan Gielen' - Revelations -Right From My Heart- 2008 'High Noon At Salinas' - Celebration 2008 'Charles McThorn Feat. Elles De Graaf' - Winds Will Turn

'Magic Island - Music for Balearic People' RadioShow

Produced by Roger Shah, 'Magic Island - Music for Balearic People' is a weekly two-hour chill-out, balearic trance radioshow that airs on DI.FM and Beat 100.9. The show first aired on May 2, 2008. Trance and progressive music are played in the first hour of the radioshow and chill-out Balearic Trance music is played in the second hour.

References

External links

Roger Shah Official Website

Roger Shah at the DJList.com

Roger Shah's show - Magic Island - Music for Balearic People

TranceSound interview, November 2010

Trance Hub interview: September, 2007

Category:German electronic musicians Category:German DJs Category:Living people Category:Club DJs Category:German dance musicians Category:Remixers Category:Ableton Live users Category:German trance musicians Category:German people of Pakistani descent Category:Armada Music artists Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:1972 births

bg:DJ Shah cs:Roger Shah de:Roger Shah nl:Roger Shah pl:Roger Shah ru:Роджер Ша sl:Roger Shah

name	Sean Tyas
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
born	1979
origin	New York
genre	Trance
years active	1999 - present
website	seantyasmusic.com }}

Sean Tyas is an American DJ and electronic music producer. The genre of his productions and DJ sets can be broadly categorized as trance.

Sean's music receives regular airtime on radio shows such as Armin van Buuren's "A State of Trance," Above & Beyond's "Trance Around the World," and his own show, "Tytanium Sessions."

Personal life

Originally from Long Island, New York, Sean's interest in electronic music began in 1991 when he heard a tape containing various electronic interpretations of "O'Fortuna." From then on, he began listening to what was then known as "techno." He took his first steps into music production in 2000/2001, using software called "Impulse Tracker" on the Microsoft DOS operating system.

In 2004, Sean moved to Germany to begin work producing for DJ Beam, followed by a move to a more appealing set-up in Switzerland, where he produced several successful singles for Dave202. Sean continues to live in Switzerland, now with his Swiss wife Mirella.

Residency

In 2008, Tyas became the quarterly resident DJ for Sheffield (UK) trance night ''Off The Rails.''

Radio

Sean presents an internet radio show entitled ''Tytanium Sessions'' (Rebrand of ''The Wednesday Whistle'' & ''Phased Out Phriday'' program) for the trance radio site "Afterhours" every Monday night. This show is also distributed via the iTunes store in the form of a podcast.

References

External links

Sean Tyas 2011 interview by Trance Hub

Category:American dance musicians Category:American trance musicians Category:Remixers Category:1979 births Category:Living people Category:Musicians from New York Category:Armada Music artists

de:Sean Tyas ru:Тайс, Шон

name	Shahrukh Khan
other names	Shah Rukh Khan, King Khan, SRK
birth date	November 02, 1965
birth place	New Delhi, India
years active	1988–present
spouse	Gauri Khan (1991–present)
occupation	Actor, producer, television presenter }}

Shahrukh Khan (; born 2 November 1965), often credited as Shah Rukh Khan, is an Indian film actor, as well as a film producer and television host. Often referred to as "The King of Bollywood", Khan has acted in over 70 Hindi films.

Khan began his career appearing in several television serials in the late 1980s. He made his film debut in ''Deewana'' (1992). Since then, he has been part of numerous commercially successful films and has earned critical acclaim for many of his performances. Khan has won fourteen Filmfare Awards for his work in Indian films, eight of which are in the Best Actor category (a record). In 2005, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri for his contributions towards Indian Cinema.

Khan's films such as ''Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge'' (1995), ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' (1998), ''Chak De! India'' (2007), ''Om Shanti Om'' (2007) and ''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi'' (2008) remain some of Bollywood's biggest hits, while films like ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...'' (2001), ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' (2003), ''Veer-Zaara'' (2004), ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' (2006) and ''My Name Is Khan'' (2010) have been top-grossing Indian productions in the overseas markets, thus making him one of the most successful actors of India.

Since 2000, Khan branched out into film production and television presenting as well. He is the founder/owner of two production companies, Dreamz Unlimited and Red Chillies Entertainment. Globally, Khan is considered to be one of the biggest movie stars, with a fan following numbering in the billions and a net worth estimated at over . In 2008, ''Newsweek'' named him one of the 50 most powerful people in the world.

Biography

Khan was born in 1965 to Muslim parents of Pathan descent in New Delhi, India. His father, Taj Mohammed Khan, was an Indian independence activist from Peshawar, British India. According to Khan, his paternal grandfather was originally from Afghanistan. His mother, Lateef Fatima, was the adopted daughter of Major General Shah Nawaz Khan of the Janjua Rajput clan, who served as a General in the Indian National Army of Subash Chandra Bose. Khan's father came to New Delhi from Qissa Khawani Bazaar in Peshawar before the partition of India, while his mother's family came from Rawalpindi, British India. Khan has an elder sister named Shehnaz.

Growing up in Rajendra Nagar neighbourhood, Khan attended St. Columba's School where he was accomplished in sports, drama, and academics. He won the ''Sword of Honour'', an annual award given to the student who best represents the spirit of the school. Khan later attended the Hansraj College (1985–1988) and earned his Bachelors degree in Economics (honors). Though he pursued a Masters Degree in Mass Communications at Jamia Millia Islamia, he later opted out to make his career in Bollywood.

After the death of his parents, Khan moved to Mumbai in 1991. In that same year, before any of his films were released, he married Gauri Chibber, a Hindu, in a traditional Hindu wedding ceremony on 25 October 1991. They have two children, son Aryan (b. 1997) and daughter Suhana (b. 2000). According to Khan, while he strongly believes in Allah, he also values his wife's religion. At home, his children follow both religions, with the Qur'an being situated next to the Hindu deities.

In 2005, Nasreen Munni Kabir produced a two-part documentary on Khan, titled ''The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan''. Featuring his 2004 Temptations concert tour, the film contrasted Khan's inner world of family and daily life with the outer world of his work. The book ''Still Reading Khan'', which details his family life, was released in 2006. Another book by Anupama Chopra, ''King of Bollywood: Shahrukh Khan and the seductive world of Indian cinema'', was released in 2007. It describes the world of Bollywood through Khan's life.

Film career

Background

Khan studied acting under celebrated Theatre Director Barry John at Delhi's Theatre Action Group (TAG). In 2007, John commented thus on his former pupil, "The credit for the phenomenally successful development and management of Shahrukh's career goes to the superstar himself." Khan made his acting debut in 1988 with the television series, ''Fauji'', playing the role of Commando Abhimanyu Rai. He went on to appear in other television serials, such as the 1989 serial, Aziz Mirza's ''Circus'', which depicted the life of circus performers. The same year, Khan also had a minor role in the made-for-television English-language film, ''In Which Annie Gives it Those Ones'', which was based on life at Delhi University and was written by Arundhati Roy. When Khan appeared in those teleserials, people found in him some resemblance with legendary actor Dilip Kumar and also compared his acting style with the thespian.

1990s

Upon moving from New Delhi to Mumbai in 1991, Khan made his Bollywood movie debut in ''Deewana'' (1992). The movie became a box office hit, and launched his career in Bollywood. His performance won him a Filmfare Best Male Debut Award. He went on to star in ''Maya Memsaab'', which generated some controversy because of his appearance in an "explicit" sex scene in the movie.

In 1993, Khan won acclaim for his performances in villainous roles as an obsessive lover and a murderer, respectively, in the box office hits, ''Darr'' and ''Baazigar''. In Khan's entry in Encyclopedia Britannica's "Encyclopedia of Hindi Cinema" it was stated that "he defied the image of the conventional hero in both these films and created his own version of the revisionist hero." ''Darr'' marked his first collaboration with renowned film-maker Yash Chopra and his banner Yash Raj Films, the largest production company in Bollywood. ''Baazigar'', which saw Khan portraying an ambiguous avenger who murders his girlfriend, shocked its Indian audience with an unexpected violation of the standard Bollywood formula. His performance won him his first Filmfare Best Actor Award. In that same year, Khan played the role of a young musician in Kundan Shah's ''Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa'', a performance that earned him a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Performance. Khan maintains that this is his all-time favourite among the movies he has acted in. In 1994, Khan once again played an obsessive lover/psycho's role in ''Anjaam'', co-starring alongside Madhuri Dixit. Though the movie was not a box office success, Khan's performance earned him the Filmfare Best Villain Award.

In 1995, Khan starred in the two biggest hits of the year in India. His first release was Rakesh Roshan's ''Karan Arjun''. The film, which dealt with reincarnation, became the second-highest grossing film of the year. He followed it with Aditya Chopra's directorial debut, the romance ''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge''. A major critical and commercial success, the movie became the year's top-grossing production in India. In 2007, it entered its twelfth year in Mumbai cinemas. By then the movie had grossed over 12 billion rupees, making it one of India's biggest movie blockbusters. ''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge'' won ten Filmfare Awards, and Khan's performance as a young NRI who falls for Kajol's character while on a college vacation, won him his second Best Actor Award. In 2005, ''Indiatimes Movies'' ranked the movie amongst the ''25 Must See Bollywood Films'', citing it as a "trendsetter of sorts". In that same year's retrospective review by Rediff, Raja Sen stated, "Khan gives a fabulous performance, redefining the Lover for the 1990s with great panache. He's cool and flippant, but sincere enough to appeal to the junta. The performance itself is, like the best in the business, played well enough to come across as effortless, as non-acting."

1996 was a disappointing year for Khan as all his movies released that year failed to do well at the box office. This was, however, followed by a comeback in 1997. He saw success with Subhash Ghai's social drama ''Pardes'' – one of the biggest hits of the year – and Aziz Mirza's comedy ''Yes Boss'', a moderately successful feature. His second project with Yash Chopra as a director, ''Dil to Pagal Hai'' became that year's second highest-grossing movie, and he won his third Filmfare Best Actor Award for his role as a stage director who falls in love with one of his new actresses.

In 1998, Khan starred in Karan Johar's directorial debut, ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'', which was the biggest hit of the year. His performance won him his fourth Best Actor award at the Filmfare. He won critical praise for his performance in Mani Ratnam's ''Dil Se''. The movie did not do well at the Indian box office, though it was a commercial success overseas. Khan's only release in 1999, ''Baadshah'', was an average grosser.

2000s

Khan's success continued with Aditya Chopra's 2000 film, ''Mohabbatein'', co-starring Amitabh Bachchan. It did well at the box office, and Khan's performance as a college teacher won him his second Critics Award for Best Performance. He also starred in Mansoor Khan's action film ''Josh''. The film starred Khan as the leader of a Christian gang in Goa and Aishwarya Rai as his twin sister, and was also a box office success. In that same year, Khan set up his own production house, ''Dreamz Unlimited'' with Juhi Chawla (see below). Both Khan and Chawla starred in the first movie of their production house, ''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani''. His collaboration with Karan Johar continued in 2001 with the family drama ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' which was the second biggest hit of the year. He also received favourable reviews for his performance as Emperor Asoka in the historical epic, ''Asoka'', a partly fictionalised account of the life of Ashoka the Great (304 BC–232 BC).

In 2002, Khan received acclaim for playing the title role in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's award-winning period romance, ''Devdas''. This was the third Hindi movie adaptation of Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay's well-known novel of the same name, and surfaced as one of the biggest hits of that year. Khan also starred opposite Salman Khan and Madhuri Dixit in the family-drama ''Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam'', which did well at the box office. In 2003, Khan starred in the moderately successful romantic drama, ''Chalte Chalte''. That same year, he starred in the tearjerker, ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'', written by Karan Johar and directed by Nikhil Advani. Khan's performance in this movie as a man with a fatal heart disease was appreciated. The movie proved to be one of the year's biggest hits in India and Bollywood's biggest hit in the overseas markets.

2004 was a particularly good year for Khan, both commercially and critically. He starred in Farah Khan's directorial debut, the action comedy ''Main Hoon Na''. The movie did well at the box office. He then played the role of an Indian officer, Veer Pratap Singh in Yash Chopra's love saga ''Veer-Zaara'', which was the biggest hit of 2004 in both India and overseas. The film relates the love story of Veer and a Pakistani woman Zaara Haayat Khan, played by Preity Zinta. Khan's performance in the film won him awards at several award ceremonies. In that same year, he received critical acclaim for his performance in Ashutosh Gowariker's drama ''Swades''. He was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award for all three of his releases in 2004, winning it for ''Swades''.

In 2006, Khan collaborated with Karan Johar for the fourth time with the melodrama ''Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna''. It did well in India and much more so in the overseas market, becoming the biggest Bollywood hit in the overseas market of all-time. His second release that year saw him playing the title role in the action film ''Don: The Chase Begins Again'', a remake of the 1978 hit ''Don''. The movie was a success.

Khan's success continued with a few more highly popular films. One of his most successful works was the multiple award-winning 2007 film, ''Chak De! India'', about the Indian women's national hockey team. Earning over Rs 639 million, ''Chak De! India'' became the third highest grossing movie of 2007 in India and won yet another Filmfare Best Actor Award for Khan. The film was a major critical success. In the same year Khan also starred in Farah Khan's 2007 film, ''Om Shanti Om''. The film emerged as the year's highest grossing film in India and the overseas market, and became India's highest grossing production ever up to that point. It earned him another nomination for Best Actor at the Filmfare ceremony. His 2008 release, the romantic drama ''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi'' was a box office success. His only 2009 release was ''Billu'' where he played film superstar Saahil Khan who is reunited with his childhood friend Billu played by Irrfan Khan.

2010s

Khan's next film was ''My Name Is Khan'', his fourth collaboration with director Karan Johar and the sixth movie in which he is paired with Kajol. Filming commenced in December 2008 in Los Angeles and ended in October 2009. While on one shoot in Los Angeles, along with his wife Gauri and director Karan Johar, he took a break from filming to attend the 66th Golden Globe Awards, held in Los Angeles, on 11 January 2009, where he was introduced as the ''King of Bollywood''. Khan introduced ''Slumdog Millionaire'', a movie he had previously turned down, along with a star from the film, Freida Pinto. ''My Name Is Khan'' was released on 12 February 2010. Based on a true story, and set against the backdrop of perceptions on Islam post 11 September attacks, ''My Name Is Khan'' stars Khan as Rizwan Khan, a Muslim man suffering from Asperger syndrome who sets out on a journey across America on a mission to meet the country's President and clear his name. During a promotional visit to the United States, Khan was detained at Newark Airport, New Jersey because of the similarity of his last name to known terrorists. Upon release, the film received positive reviews from critics and became the highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time in the overseas market. Khan won his eighth Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his portrayal, thereby joining Dilip Kumar as the record holder in this category. He has completed filming for Anubhav Sinha's science fiction ''Ra.One'' opposite Kareena Kapoor, which is due for release on 26 October 2011. While shooting for the film, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev visited Yash Raj Studios, to watch Khan at work.

Producer

Khan turned producer when he set up a production company called ''Dreamz Unlimited'' with Juhi Chawla and director Aziz Mirza in 1999. The first two of the films he produced and starred in: ''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani'' (2000) and ''Asoka'' (2001) were box office failures. However, his third film as a producer and star, ''Chalte Chalte'' (2003), proved a box office hit.

In 2004, Khan set up another production company, ''Red Chillies Entertainment'', and produced and starred in ''Main Hoon Na'', another hit. The following year, he produced and starred in the fantasy film ''Paheli'', which did poorly. It was, however, India's official entry to the Academy Awards for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, but it did not pass the final selection. Also in 2005, Khan co-produced the supernatural horror film ''Kaal'' with Karan Johar, and performed an item number for the film with Malaika Arora Khan. ''Kaal'' was moderately successful at the box office. His company has further gone on to produce ''Om Shanti Om'' (2007), ''Billu'' (2009), ''Always Kabhi Kabhi'' (2011), as well as his forthcoming releases ''Ra.One'' and ''Don 2: The Chase Continues''.

Apart from film production, the company also has a visual effects studio known as ''Red Chillies VFX''. It has also ventured into television content production, with shows like, ''The First Ladies'', ''Ghar Ki Baat Hai', and ''Knights and Angels''. Television advertisements are also produced by the company.

In 2008, Red Chillies Entertainment became the owner of the Kolkata Knight Riders in the BCCI-backed IPL cricket competition.

Television

In 2007, Khan replaced Amitabh Bachchan as the host of the third series of the popular game show ''Kaun Banega Crorepati'', the Indian version of ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?''. The previous had hosted the show for five years from 2000–05. On 22 January 2007, ''Kaun Banega Crorepati'' aired with Khan as the new host and later ended on 19 April 2007.

On 25 April 2008, Khan began hosting the game show ''Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain?'', the Indian version of ''Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?'', whose last episode was telecasted on 27 July 2008, with Lalu Prasad Yadav as the special guest.

In February 2011, he began hosting Zor Ka Jhatka, the Indian version of the American game show Wipeout, on Imagine TV.

Awards and nominations

Apart from acting awards, Khan has been awarded several honours which include the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award from the Government of India in 2005. In April 2007, a life-size wax statue of Khan was installed at Madame Tussauds Wax Museum, London. Another statue was installed at the Musée Grévin in Paris, the same year. During the same year, he was accorded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of the Arts and Literature) award by the French government for his “exceptional career”. There are also statues in Hong Kong and New York

In October 2008, Khan was conferred the ''Darjah Mulia Seri Melaka'' which carries the honorific Datuk (in similar fashion to "Sir" in British knighthood), by the Yang di-Pertua Negeri Tun Mohd Khalil Yaakob, the head of state of Malacca in Malaysia. Khan was honoured for "promoting tourism in Malacca" by filming ''One Two Ka Four'' there in 2001. Some were critical of this decision. He was also honoured with an honorary doctorate in arts and culture from Britain's University of Bedfordshire in 2009.

Filmography

Film actor

''Maya Memsaab'' ''Anjaam'' ''Karan Arjun'' ''English Babu Desi Mem'' ''Gudgudee'' ''Duplicate (1998 film) ''Baadshah'' ''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani'' ''One 2 Ka 4'' ''Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam'' ''Chalte Chalte (2003 film) ''Yeh Lamhe Judaai Ke '' ''Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye'' ''Alag'' ''Chak De ''Krazzy 4'' ''Luck by Chance'' ''Dulha Mil Gaya'' ''Always Kabhi Kabhi'' ''Koochie Koochie Hota Hain''

style="background:#B0C4DE;"	Year	Film	Role	Notes
rowspan="5"	1992	Deewana (1992 film)>Deewana''	Raja Sahai
''Idiot (1992 film)	Idiot''	Pawan Raghujan
''Chamatkar''	Sunder Srivastava
''Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman''	Raju (Raj Mathur)
''Dil Aashna Hai''	Karan
rowspan="5"	1993	|	Lalit Kumar
''King Uncle''	Anil Bhansal
''Baazigar''	Ajay Sharma/Vicky Malhotra
''Darr''	Rahul Mehra
''Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa''	Sunil
1994	|	Vijay Agnihotri	Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role
rowspan="7"	1995	|	Arjun Singh/Vijay
''Zamana Deewana''	Rahul Malhotra
''Guddu''	Guddu Bahadur
''Oh Darling	Yeh Hai India!''	Hero
''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge''	Raj Malhotra
''Ram Jaane''	Ram Jaane
''Trimurti (film)	Trimurti''	Romi Singh
rowspan="4"	1996	|	Vikram/Hari/Gopal Mayur
''Chaahat''	Roop Rathore
''Army (film)	Army''	Arjun
''Dushman Duniya Ka''	Badru
rowspan="5"	1997	|		Special appearance
''Koyla''	Shankar
''Yes Boss''	Rahul Joshi
''Pardes (film)	Pardes''	Arjun Saagar
''Dil To Pagal Hai''	Rahul
rowspan="4"	1998	Duplicate'' ||	Bablu Chaudhry/Manu Dada	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role
''Achanak (1998 film)	Achanak''	Himself
''Dil Se''	Amarkant Varma
''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai''	Rahul Khanna
1999	|	Raj Heera/Baadshah	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role
rowspan="6"	2000	|	Ajay Bakshi
''Hey Ram''	Amjad Ali Khan
''Josh (2000 film)	Josh''	Max
''Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega''	Rahul
''Mohabbatein''	Raj Aryan Malhotra
''Gaja Gamini''	Himself
rowspan="3"	2001	|	Arun Verma
''Asoka (2001 film)	Asoka''	Asoka
''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...''	Rahul Raichand
rowspan="4"	2002	|	Gopal
''Devdas (2002 film)	Devdas''	Devdas Mukherjee
''Shakti (2002 film)	Shakti: The Power''	Jaisingh
''Saathiya''	Yeshwant Rao
rowspan="2"	2003	Chalte Chalte'' ||	Raj Mathur
''Kal Ho Naa Ho''	Aman Mathur
rowspan="4"	2004	|	Dushant
''Main Hoon Na''	Maj. Ram Prasad Sharma
''Veer-Zaara''	Veer Pratap Singh
''Swades''	Mohan Bhargava
rowspan="5"	2005	|	Himself	Special appearance
''Kaal (2005 film)	Kaal''
''Silsilay''	Sutradhar
''Paheli''	Kishenlal/The Ghost
''The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan	The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan''	Himself (Biopic)
rowspan="4"	2006	|		Special appearance in song "Sabse Alag"
''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna''	Dev Saran
''Don: The Chase Begins Again''
''I See You (film)	I See You''
rowspan="3"	2007	India''	Kabir Khan
''Heyy Babyy''	Raj Malhotra
''Om Shanti Om''	Om Prakash Makhija/ Om Kapoor
rowspan="4"	2008	|		Special appearance in song "Break Free"
''Bhoothnath''	Aditya Sharma
''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi''	Surinder Sahni/Raj
''Kismat Konnection''	Narrator
rowspan="2"	2009	|	Himself	Guest appearance
''Billu''	Sahir Khan
rowspan="3"	2010	|	Pawan Raj Gandhi (PRG)	Extended appearance
''My Name Is Khan''	Rizwan Khan
''Shahrukh Bola Khoobsurat Hai Tu''	Himself
rowspan="3"	2011	|		Special appearance in song "Antenna"
''Ra.One''	G.One
''Don 2: The Chase Continues''	Don
2012	|	Rocky	Post-production

Producer

''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani'' (2000)

''Asoka'' (2001)

''Chalte Chalte'' (2003)

''Main Hoon Na'' (2004)

''Kaal'' (2005)

''Paheli'' (2005)

''Om Shanti Om'' (2007)

''Billu'' (2009)

''Always Kabhi Kabhi'' (2011)

''Ra.One'' (2011)

''Don 2: The Chase Continues'' (2011)

Television appearances

''Dil Dariya'' (1988)

''Fauji'' (1988) ... Abhimanyu Rai

''Doosra Keval'' (1989) ... Keval

''Circus'' (1989)

''In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones'' (1989)

''Kareena Kareena'' (2004) ... Special appearance

''Kaun Banega Crorepati'' (2007) ... Host

''Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain?'' (2008)  .... Host

''Zor Ka Jhatka: Total Wipeout'' (2011) ... Host

See also

List of Indian Actors

Newark Airport Incident

Notes

Bibliography

Nasreen Munni Kabir. ''The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan'' (Documentary, 2005).

''Shahrukh Khan – Still Reading Khan''. A1Books Distributor 2007. ISBN 9788187107798.

Gahlot, Deepa; Agarwal, Amit. ''King Khan SRK''. Augsburg Weltbild 2007. ISBN 9783828988699.

Ghosh, Biswadeep. ''Hall of fame: Shahrukh Khan'' (in English). Mumbai: Magna Books, 2004. ISBN 8178092379.

Chopra, Anupama. ''King of Bollywood : Shah Rukh Khan and the seductive world of Indian cinema'' (English). New York: Warner Books, 2007. ISBN 9780446578585.

External links

Category:1965 births Category:Filmfare Awards winners Category:Hindi film actors Category:Indian actors Category:Indian film actors Category:Indian film producers Category:Indian Muslims Category:Indian Premier League franchise owners Category:Indian singers Category:Indian television actors Category:Indian voice actors Category:Indian television presenters Category:Indian people of Afghan descent Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni Category:Living people Category:Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Category:Pashtun people Category:People from Delhi Category:People from Peshawar Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri Category:University of Delhi alumni Category:Indian game show hosts

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