de:RBS fr:RBS it:RBS nl:RBS ja:RBS
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Coordinates | 26°08′9″N80°08′31″N |
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Name | Stephen Hester |
Birth date | December 14, 1960 |
Occupation | Chief Executive Officer |
Salary | £1.2 million }} |
In May 2002 he joined Abbey National as Finance Director. He then went on to become Chief Operating Officer, a position he held until November 2004, when he was appointed Chief Executive of British Land. In early 2007, eight months before British Land and others REIT's were caught in the commercial property slump, he said: "I don't believe we are about to see a market decline, but the period of sharp growth is over."
Hester was appointed non-executive deputy chairman of the newly-nationalised Northern Rock by Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling in March 2008, a role which he resigned from in September 2008 to take a non-executive position on the board of Royal Bank of Scotland.
In December, 2009, the board of RBS, in which the general public has an 84% stake, threatened to resign unless they were permitted to pay bonuses of £1.5bn to staff in its investment arm. The matter received heavy criticism because it followed a £850bn taxpayer bailout of the banking sector. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Alistair Darling, said he would not be "held to ransom".
Hester enjoys tennis, running, shooting and skiing, which for the latter he owns a chalet in Verbier, Switzerland. Hester also enjoys horse riding, as his wife is a master of fox hounds in Warwickshire: "it’s very important to keep our marriage together that I do the same as she does."
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Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Category:British chief executives Category:Royal Bank of Scotland GroupThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 26°08′9″N80°08′31″N |
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honorific-prefix | The Right Honourable |
name | The Lord McFall of Alcluith |
honorific-suffix | PC |
constituency mp | West DunbartonshireDumbarton (1987–2005) |
predecessor | Ian Campbell |
successor | Gemma Doyle |
term start | 11 June 1987 |
term end | 6 May 2010 |
birth date | October 04, 1944 |
birth place | Glasgow, Scotland |
nationality | Scottish |
party | Labour Co-operative |
alma mater | University of Strathclyde, Open University |
website | www.johnmcfall.com |
footnotes | }} |
He was a whip and junior minister (for Education, Training and Employment, Health and Community Relations, then in 1999 for Economy and Education) at the Northern Ireland Office from 1998-9.
In 2001 he was appointed Chair of the Treasury Select Committee, and reappointed for a second term in this position in 2005. The committee conducted inquiries into the banking crisis, producing evidence of the bonus culture, the lack of banking qualifications among many top bankers and poor oversight of the industry by the Financial Services Authority.
On 29 January 2010, McFall announced his intention to stand down as an MP at the 2010 general election.
On 17 June 2010, he was created a life peer as Baron McFall of Alcluith, of Dumbarton in the County of Dunbartonshire, and was introduced in the House of Peers on 6 July 2010.
He is currently the Vice-Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Overseas Development (Apgood)
He is Chairman of Strathleven Regeneration Company (which he helped to set up) and of Clydebank re-built, two development companies based in his constituency.
He gave his backing to Dumpster Kids, a not-for-profit organisation aimed at rescuing abandoned children, in January 2011.
Category:1944 births Category:Alumni of the Open University Category:Alumni of the University of Strathclyde Category:Alumni of the University of the West of Scotland Category:Labour Co-operative MPs Category:Living people Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for Scottish constituencies Category:People from Dumbarton Category:Scottish Roman Catholics Category:Scottish schoolteachers Category:UK MPs 1987–1992 Category:UK MPs 1992–1997 Category:UK MPs 1997–2001 Category:UK MPs 2001–2005 Category:UK MPs 2005–2010 Category:Labour Co-operative life peers
de:John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith la:Ioannes McFallThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 26°08′9″N80°08′31″N |
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Name | Sir Fred Goodwin |
Birth date | August 17, 1958 |
Birth place | Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland |
Birth name | Frederick Anderson Goodwin |
Known for | Chief Executive of Royal Bank of Scotland, 2001 - 2009 |
Occupation | Chartered accountant |
Nationality | }} |
From 2000 until 2008 he presided over RBS's rapid rise to global prominence as the world's largest company (by assets - £1.9 trillion), and fifth-largest bank by stock market value and its even more rapid fall as RBS was forced into effective nationalisation in 2008.
On October 11, 2008, Goodwin officially announced his resignation as Chief Executive and an early retirement, effective from January 31, 2009 - a month before RBS announced that its 2008 loss totalled £24.1bn, the largest annual loss in UK corporate history. Following the February 2009 disclosure of his approximately £700,000 per year pension award from RBS he was the subject of widespread public, political and media criticism.
Since January 2010, he has been employed as a senior adviser to RMJM, an international architecture firm.
His move into banking came through his work at Touche Ross with the National Australia Bank, contributing due diligence to its 1987 takeover of Clydesdale Bank from the then Midland Bank and again with its 1995 takeover of Yorkshire Bank. During work on the latter he caught the eye of National Australia Bank executive Don Argus, and was invited to become deputy chief executive of Clydesdale in 1995, and as per his "five-second rule", accepted on the spot rising to chief executive of National Australia's British banking operations in 1996. Around this time he gained the moniker "Fred the Shred" from City financiers, reflecting a reputation for ruthlessly generating cost savings and efficiencies whilst at Clydesdale. He was later described as "a corporate Attila", having gained a reputation in the City for being a fearsome outsider - being Scottish, and not educated at a public school or at Oxbridge - who made raids in the south and abroad when it suited him.
He joined Royal Bank of Scotland in 1998 as deputy CEO to then-Chairman Sir George Mathewson, who had ambitions to make RBS a major player rather than a regional bank. RBS made waves in 2000 with its £23.6bn takeover of NatWest, a bank three times its size. Although Goodwin's predecessor Mathewson led the deal, it was Goodwin's diligence and ability to impress investors which secured it against fierce competition from the Bank of Scotland. The ''Sunday Times'' wrote that "The NatWest deal was the making of Goodwin," with Goodwin promoted to CEO in January 2001, soon after it was secured, dedicated to continuing Mathewson's vision. Goodwin lived up to his reputation, cutting 18,000 jobs by merging parts of RBS and NatWest.
From the time that Goodwin took over as chief executive until 2007, RBS's assets quadrupled, its cost-to-income ratio improved markedly, and its profits soared. In 2006 pre-tax profits climbed 16% to £9.2 billion with significant growth coming from its investment banking business. By 2008 RBS was the fifth-largest bank in the world by market capitalisation. One of the factors in its rise was its enthusiasm for supporting leveraged buyouts. In 2008 it lent $9.3bn, more than double its nearest rival.
However, following investor unrest in the build-up to RBS's acquisition of a $1.6bn minority stake in Bank of China in 2005 Goodwin was criticised by some RBS shareholders for putting global expansion ahead of short-term financial returns. Between 2002 and 2005 the share price plateaued at around £17 per share, having nearly trebled between February 2000 and May 2002. Goodwin was accused of megalomania by some shareholders, as reported by Dresdner Kleinwort analyst James Eden (who said he thought the label was 'unwarranted'). After the Bank of China deal, he was forced to promise RBS shareholders he would not indulge in any further big acquisitions and focus instead on growing the group organically.
However, in early 2007 Dutch bank ABN Amro was under pressure from hedge funds, including Chris Hohn of the hedge fund TCI, to break itself up in order to maximise shareholder value. ABN chief executive Rijkman Groenink suspected RBS of acting in concert with the hedge fund Tosca, which was chaired by former RBS Chairman Mathewson and recommended the takeover bid of an RBS consortium, against the proposed merger with Barclays Bank. Goodwin arranged a consortium of RBS, Fortis and former RBS shareholders Grupo Santander, to purchase the assets of ABN Amro and break them up in a three-way split. According to the proposed deal, RBS would take over ABN's Chicago operations, LaSalle Bank, and ABN's wholesale operations; while Santander would take the Brazilian operations and Fortis the Dutch operations. In a manoeuvre "labelled in all quarters as a poison pill" ABN Amro agreed to sell key RBS target LaSalle to Bank of America for $21bn, but in July 2007 the consortium offered the same $98bn for ABN's remaining assets, with a higher cash component (93%). The deal was struck in October 2007 as the global liquidity crisis began to develop, with Barclays withdrawing its EUR61bn bid and ABN's shareholders endorsing the EUR71bn RBS takeover. Coming after the nationalisation of Northern Rock due to the freezing of the wholesale money markets, the deal proved the final straw for RBS, as it severely weakened its balance sheet not only through the size of the acquisition but due to ABN Amro's substantial exposure to the US subprime mortgage crisis.
It was not, however, the sole source of RBS's problems, as RBS was exposed to the liquidity crisis in a number of ways, particularly through US subsidiaries including RBS Greenwich Capital. Although the takeover of NatWest launched RBS's meteoric rise, it came with an investment bank subsidiary, Greenwich NatWest. RBS was unable to dispose of it as planned as a result of the involvement of the NatWest Three in the collapse of Enron. However the business (now RBS Greenwich Capital) started making money, and under pressure of comparison with rapidly-growing competitors such as Barclays Capital, saw major expansion in 2005-7, not least in private equity loans and in the sub-prime mortgage market. It became one of the top three underwriters of collateralised debt obligations (CDOs). This increased exposure to the eventual "credit crunch" contributed to RBS's financial problems.
The third contributor to RBS's problems was its liquidity position. From a position c. 2002 where the bank was essentially 'fully funded' (i.e. was funding its lending positions fully from deposits gathered from customers), the rapid growth in lending within the GBM (Global Banking and Markets) division led to a reliance on external wholesale funding. The combination of this, along with the weak equity capital position, and the massive exposure to losses on CDOs via Greenwich, were the factors that destroyed RBS.
Following two rights issues in 2008, Goodwin resigned as Chief Executive. The bank experienced severe financial problems, and attempted to shore up its balance sheet with a £12bn share issue in April 2008, one of the largest in UK corporate history. The attempt to raise an additional £7bn capital by selling off insurers Churchill and Direct Line failed due to lack of interest in the context of the global liquidity crisis. Ultimately RBS was forced in October 2008 to rely on a UK Government bank rescue package to support a shareholder recapitalisation of the bank, which resulted in the government owning a majority of the shares.
On 13 October 2008, as part of the arrangement for government support (of which Goodwin said "This isn’t a negotiation, it’s a drive-by shooting"), it was announced that Goodwin was to stand down as CEO, to be replaced by Stephen Hester. Goodwin formally left RBS on 1 January 2009. According to the ''Daily Mail'', Goodwin had been 'regarded by analysts as among the most arrogant figures in the City'. The share price, when he became CEO of RBS, in January 2001, was 442p. After reaching £18 a share (equivalent to £6 per share after each share was split into three in May 2007), on the day of his departure it was announced that the share price was 65.70p reflecting share buybacks, rights issues as well as market valuation.
Despite these developments, the ''Daily Telegraph'' insisted that "his grasp of finance is in the Alpha class" and that he was "unlikely to be in the growing queue of jobless bankers" for long. In 2008/9, the RBS group was effectively nationalised: the UK Government owns nearly 70% of the ordinary shares of the company owing to its enormous debts. By January 2009 the share price was more than 98% down from its February 2007 peak.
In February 2009, RBS reported that while Sir Fred was at the helm it had posted a loss of £24.1bn, the biggest loss in UK corporate history. His responsibility for the expansion of RBS, which led to the losses, has drawn widespread criticism. During questioning by the Treasury Select Committee of the House of Commons on 10 February 2009, it emerged that Goodwin had no technical bank training and no formal banking qualifications.
In January 2009. ''The Guardian'''s City editor Julia Finch identified him as one of twenty-five people who were at the heart of the financial meltdown. Nick Cohen described Goodwin in ''The Observer'' as "the characteristic villain of our day", who made £20m from RBS and left the taxpayer "with an unlimited liability for the cost of cleaning up the mess". An online column by Daniel Gross labelled Goodwin "The World's Worst Banker", a phrase repeated elsewhere in the media. Gordon Prentice MP argued that his knighthood should be revoked as it is "wholly inappropriate and anomalous for someone to retain such a reward in these circumstances." A Labour MP from Scotland, Jim Sheridan, repeated the suggestion, and added that the police should investigate the activities of senior bankers.
In November 2009 as Goodwin emerged in public for the first time in months, it was revealed that he had hired Phil Hall the former editor of ''Hello!'' magazine, to help him rebuild his damaged reputation. Speaking to the ''Daily Mail'', Hall said "...he knows that what he did has caused problems...He is in a pretty difficult situation. He's not a criminal...You don't realise the impact all this is having on him and his family. He just wants to get his children through this - that's his only concern."
Stephen Timms, a government finance minister, protested publicly about the matter. He said that it would be referred to the UK Financial Investments Limited. The Chancellor, Alistair Darling, ordered lawyers to explore legal avenues to recover the money, - though the legal options appear to be limited - and Prime Minister Gordon Brown declared that "a very substantial part of it [Goodwin's pension] should be returned." Former deputy PM John Prescott called on the government to withdraw Goodwin's pension and tell Goodwin to "sue if you dare." Liberal Democrats Treasury spokesman Vince Cable said that "What the government could do is say that if the company had gone bust, which it would have had it not been a bank, he would have been entitled to a compassionate payout of £27,000 a year, and if he does not like that he could sue." Cable added that Goodwin "obviously has got no sense of shame."
In evidence to the Treasury Select Committee on 3 March 2009 John Kingman, CEO of UK Financial Investments Ltd, the company set up to manage the government's holdings in banks, directly blamed the Royal Bank of Scotland board for awarding its former CEO a discretionary pension. Kingman said that the government was aware of the size of the pension pot in October 2008 (before UKFI was established), but that "what the government was not told was that this payment was in any way discretionary". He accused the RBS board of not sharing material facts with Financial Services Secretary Lord Myners. RBS could have terminated Sir Fred's contract as CEO with 12 months' notice, so avoiding the more expensive pension award. Kingman told the committee that UKFI was investigating whether RBS had "full knowledge of the alternatives" when it granted Sir Fred his pension. A letter from RBS setting out the background to the October 2008 decision on Goodwin's employment termination, the corporate approval process of the pension award and HM Treasury involvement was submitted to the Treasury Select Committee. Had he been dismissed instead of accepting early retirement, the annual pension would have been £416,000, payable from age 60.
His home in Edinburgh was vandalised on March 25, 2009 by an anti-banking group apparently known as "Bank Bosses Are Criminals" according to a newspaper who were sent details of the attack by the group. In their message, they said
Several windows in his house were smashed, and a car damaged in the drive below.
On 18 June 2009 RBS stated that following negotiation an agreement was reached between RBS and Goodwin to reduce his pension to £342,500 a year from the £555,000 set in February after he took out an estimated £2.7m tax-free lump sum. The agreement followed the completion of RBS' internal inquiry into Goodwin's conduct, which found no wrong-doing.
On 19 May 2011, Lord Stoneham, speaking in the House of Lords, asked the Government "how can it be right for a super-injunction to hide the alleged relationship between Sir Fred Goodwin and a senior colleague?". Later that day, the High Court varied the order, allowing Goodwin's name to be published, but continued it in relation to the identity of the lady involved. In his judgment, Mr Justice Tugendhat noted that the order had not been a superinjunction as it had been published in anonymised form on the British and Irish Legal Information Institute website. He also stated that the injunction had not prevented Goodwin being identified as a banker, but instead prevented the person applying for the injunction from being identified as a banker, and that this was done because "if the applicant were identified as a banker that would be likely to lead to his being named, which would defeat the purpose of granting him anonymity". The judge criticised press reporting of the case as including "misleading and inaccurate statements".
In January 2009 it was rumoured that Goodwin was being considered as a replacement for Max Mosley as President of the FIA (Formula One's governing body) as Mosley was due to step down in 2009. Goodwin, a motoring enthusiast, had been "instrumental" in RBS's sponsorship deal with the Williams Formula One team. In February 2009 RBS announced that the £10m-a-year deal, struck in 2005, would end in 2010, as part of a strategic review of all sponsorship activity.
In August 2011, Goodwin moved out of his family home after being asked to leave by his wife. The move followed media reports of his extra-marital affair with a colleague at the Royal Bank of Scotland.
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Category:Royal Bank of Scotland Group Category:Scottish accountants Category:Scottish chief executives Category:Knights Bachelor Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow Category:People educated at Paisley Grammar School Category:People from Paisley Category:1958 births Category:Living people Category:Scottish bankers Category:Scottish knights Category:British management consultants
fr:Fred Goodwin nl:Fred GoodwinThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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