Coordinates	33°51′35.9″N151°12′40″N
Name	Hard rock
Bgcolor	crimson
Color	white
Stylistic origins	Blues rock, garage rock, psychedelic rock, rock and roll and rhythm and blues
Cultural origins	Mid 1960s, United Kingdom and United States
Instruments	Electric guitar – bass guitar – vocals – drums – sometimes pianos and keyboards
Popularity	High since the late 1960s
Derivatives	Heavy metal
Subgenrelist	List of rock genres
Other topics	Back beat – rock opera – rock band – performers – progressive rock – Hall of Fame – social impact }}

Hard rock (or heavy rock) is a loosely defined genre of rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage rock, blues rock and psychedelic rock. It is typified by a heavy use of distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with pianos, and keyboards.

Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC, and Van Halen, and reached a commercial peak in the mid to late 1980s. The glam metal of bands like Bon Jovi and Def Leppard and the rawer sounds of Guns N' Roses followed up with great success in the later part of that decade, before losing popularity in the face of grunge. Despite this, many post-grunge bands adopted a hard rock sound and in the 2000s there came a renewed interest in established bands, attempts at a revival, and new hard rock bands that emerged from the garage rock and post-punk revival scenes.

Definitions

Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of their complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass drum and a backbeat on snare, sometimes using cymbals for emphasis. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, but usually providing a backing for the rhythm and lead guitars. Vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. Hard rock has sometimes been labelled cock rock for its emphasis on overt masculinity and sexuality and because it has historically been predominately performed and consumed by men: in the case of its audience, particularly white, working-class adolescents.

In the late 1960s the term heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock, but gradually began to be used to describe music played with even more volume and intensity. While hard rock maintained a bluesy rock and roll identity, including some swing in the back beat and riffs that tended to outline chord progressions in their hooks, heavy metal's riffs often functioned as stand-alone melodies and had no swing in them. Heavy metal took on "darker" characteristics after Black Sabbath's breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, and in the 1980s it developed a number of sub-genres, often termed extreme metal, which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, or crossing between, the genres.

History

Origins (1960s)

In the mid-1960s, American and in particular British rock bands began to modify rock and roll, adding to the standard genre greater blues influence, harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming and louder vocals. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the Kingsmen's version of "Louie, Louie" (1963), which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by The Who (1965) and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by The Rolling Stones. From the late 1960s it became common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from blues-rock and was played louder and with more intensity.

Blues-rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, Jimi Hendrix Experience and The Jeff Beck Group. Cream, in songs like "I Feel Free" (1966) combined blues-rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock and roll. From 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues-rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group. Dave Davies of The Kinks, Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones, Pete Townshend of The Who, Hendrix, Clapton and Beck all pioneered the use of new guitar effects like phasing, feedback and distortion. Even The Beatles attempted to produce songs in the new hard rock style, trying to create a greater level of noise than The Who, from ''The Beatles'' (1968) (known as the "White Album") onwards, beginning with "Helter Skelter". Some critics have written about its "proto-metal roar", but others have argued that "their attempts at the heavy style were without exception embarrassing".

Groups that emerged from the American psychedelic scene about the same time included Iron Butterfly, MC5, Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge. San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a crude and distorted cover of Eddie Cochran's classic "Summertime Blues", from their 1968 debut album ''Vincebus Eruptum'', that outlined much of the later hard rock and heavy metal sound. The same month, Steppenwolf released its self-titled debut album, including "Born to Be Wild", which contained the first lyrical reference to heavy metal and helped popularise the style when it was used in the film ''Easy Rider'' (1969). Iron Butterfly's ''In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida'' (1968), with its 17-minute-long title track, using organs and with a lengthy drum solo, also prefigured later elements of the sound.

By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums ''Led Zeppelin'' (1969) and ''Led Zeppelin II'' (1969), and Deep Purple, who achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, ''In Rock'' (1970). Also significant was Black Sabbath's ''Paranoid'' (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to the occult and elements of Gothic horror. All three of these bands have been seen as pivotal in the development of heavy metal, but where metal further accentuated the intensity of the music, with bands like Judas Priest following Sabbath's lead into territory that was often "darker and more menacing", hard rock tended to continue to remain the more exuberant, good-time music.

Expansion (1970s)

In the early 1970s the Rolling Stones developed their hard rock sound with ''Exile on Main St.'' (1972). Initially receiving mixed reviews, according to critic Steve Erlewine it is now "generally regarded as the Rolling Stones' finest album". They continued to pursue the riff-heavy sound on albums including ''It's Only Rock 'n' Roll'' (1974) and ''Black and Blue'' (1976). Led Zeppelin began to mix elements of world and folk music into their hard rock from ''Led Zeppelin III'' (1970) and ''Led Zeppelin IV'' (1971). The latter included the track "Stairway to Heaven", which would become the most played song in the history of album-oriented radio. Deep Purple continued to define hard rock, particularly with their album ''Machine Head'' (1972), which included the tracks "Highway Star" and "Smoke on the Water". In 1975 guitarist Ritchie Blackmore left, going on to form Rainbow and after the break-up of the band the next year, vocalist David Coverdale formed Whitesnake. 1970 saw The Who release ''Live at Leeds'', often seen as the archetypal hard rock live album, and the following year they released their highly-acclaimed album ''Who's Next'', which mixed heavy rock with extensive use of synthesizers. Subsequent albums, including ''Quadrophenia'' (1973), built on this sound before ''Who Are You'' (1978), their last album before the death of pioneering rock drummer Keith Moon later that year.

Emerging British acts included Free, who released their signature song "All Right Now" (1970), which has received extensive radio airplay in both the UK and US. After the breakup of the band in 1973, vocalist Paul Rodgers joined supergroup Bad Company, whose eponymous first album (1974) was an international hit. Scottish band Nazareth released their self-titled début album in 1970, producing a blend of hard rock and pop that would culminate in their best selling, ''Hair of the Dog'' (1975), which contained the proto-power ballad "Love Hurts". The mixture of hard rock and progressive rock, evident in the works of Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple, was pursued more directly by bands like Uriah Heep and Argent. Having enjoyed some national success in the early 1970s, Queen, after the release of ''Sheer Heart Attack'' (1974) and ''A Night at the Opera'' (1975), gained international recognition with a sound that used layered vocals and guitars and mixed hard rock with glam rock, heavy metal, progressive rock, and even opera. The latter featured the single "Bohemian Rhapsody", which stayed at number 1 in the UK charts for nine weeks.

In the United States, macabre-rock pioneer Alice Cooper achieved mainstream success with the top ten album ''School's Out'' (1972). In the following year blues rockers ZZ Top released their classic album ''Tres Hombres'' and Aerosmith produced their eponymous début, as did Southern rockers Lynyrd Skynyrd and proto-punk outfit New York Dolls, demonstrating the diverse directions being pursued in the genre. Montrose, including the instrumental talent of Ronnie Montrose and vocals of Sammy Hagar and arguably the first all American hard rock band to challenge the British dominance of the genre, released their first album in 1973. Kiss built on the theatrics of Alice Cooper and the look of the New York Dolls to produce a unique band persona, achieving their commercial breakthrough with the double live album ''Alive!'' in 1975 and helping to take hard rock into the stadium rock era. In the mid-1970s Aerosmith achieved their commercial and artistic breakthrough with ''Toys in the Attic'' (1975), which reached number 11 in the American album chart, and ''Rocks'' (1976), which peaked at number 3. Blue Öyster Cult, formed in the late 60s, picked up on some of the elements introduced by Black Sabbath with their breakthrough live gold album ''On Your Feet or on Your Knees'' (1975), followed by their first platinum album, ''Agents of Fortune'' (1976), containing the hit single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", which reached number 12 on the Billboard charts. Journey released their eponymous debut in 1975 and the next year Boston released their highly successful début album. In the same year, hard rock bands featuring women saw commercial success as Heart released ''Dreamboat Annie'' and The Runaways débuted with their self-titled album. While Heart had a more folk-oriented hard rock sound, the Runaways leaned more towards a mix of punk-influenced music and hard rock. The Amboy Dukes, having emerged from the Detroit garage rock scene and most famous for their Top 20 psychedelic hit "Journey to the Centre of the Mind" (1968), were dissolved by their guitarist Ted Nugent, who embarked on a solo career that resulted in four successive multi-platinum albums between ''Ted Nugent'' (1975) and his best selling ''Double Live Gonzo'' (1978).

From outside of Britain and the United States, the Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974–75 (''Rush'', ''Fly by Night'' and ''Caress of Steel'') before moving toward a more progressive sound. The Irish band Thin Lizzy, which had formed in the late 1960s, made their most substantial commercial breakthrough in 1976 with the hard rock album ''Jailbreak'' and their worldwide hit "The Boys Are Back in Town", which reached number 8 in the UK and number 12 in the US. Their style, consisting of two duelling guitarists often playing leads in harmony, proved itself to be a large influence on later bands. They reached their commercial, and arguably their artistic peak with ''Black Rose: A Rock Legend'' (1979). The arrival of Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the sub-genre. Australian-formed AC/DC, with a stripped back, riff heavy and abrasive style that also appealed to the punk generation, began to gain international attention from 1976, culminating in the release of their multi-platinum albums ''Let There Be Rock'' (1977) and ''Highway to Hell'' (1979). Also influenced by a punk ethos were heavy metal bands like Motörhead, while Judas Priest abandoned the remaining elements of the blues in their music, further differentiating the hard rock and heavy metal styles and helping to create the New Wave of British Heavy Metal which was pursued by bands like Iron Maiden, Saxon and Venom.

With the rise of disco in the US and punk rock in the UK, hard rock's mainstream dominance was rivalled toward the later part of the decade. Disco appealed to a more diverse group of people and punk seemed to take over the rebellious role that hard rock once held. Early punk bands like The Ramones explicitly rebelled against the drum solos and extended guitar solos that characterised stadium rock, with almost all of their songs clocking in around two minutes with no guitar solos. However, new rock acts continued to emerge and record sales remained high into the 1980s. 1977 saw the début and rise to stardom of Foreigner, who went on to release several platinum albums through to the mid 1980s. Midwestern groups like Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx helped further cement heavy rock in the Midwest as a form of stadium rock. In 1978, Van Halen emerged from the Los Angeles music scene with a sound based around the skills of lead guitarist Eddie Van Halen. He popularised a guitar‐playing technique of two‐handed hammer‐ons and pull‐offs called tapping, showcased on the song "Eruption" from the album ''Van Halen'', which was highly influential in re‐establishing hard rock as a popular genre after the punk and disco explosion, while also redefining and elevating the role of electric guitar.

The glam metal era (1980s)

The opening years of the 1980s saw a number of changes in personnel and direction of established hard rock acts, including the deaths of Bon Scott, the lead singer of AC/DC, and John Bonham, drummer with Led Zeppelin. Zeppelin broke up almost immediately, but AC/DC recorded the album ''Back in Black'' (1980) with their new lead singer, Brian Johnson. It became the fifth highest-selling album of all time in the US and the second largest selling album in the world. Black Sabbath had split with original singer Ozzy Osbourne in 1979 and replaced him with Ronnie James Dio, formally of Rainbow, giving the band a new sound and a period of creativity and popularity beginning with ''Heaven and Hell'' (1980). Osbourne embarked on a solo career with ''Blizzard of Ozz'' (1980), featuring American guitarist Randy Rhoads. Some bands, such as Queen, moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others, including Rush from ''Moving Pictures'' (1981), began to return to a hard rock sound. The creation of thrash metal, which mixed heavy metal with elements of hardcore punk from about 1982, particularly by Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer, helped to create extreme metal and further remove the style from hard rock, although a number of these bands or their members would continue to record some songs closer to a hard rock sound. Kiss moved away from their hard rock roots toward pop metal: firstly removing their makeup in 1983 for their ''Lick It Up'' album, and then adopting the visual and sound of glam metal for their 1984 release, ''Animalize'', both of which marked a return to commercial success. Pat Benatar was one of the first women to achieve commercial success in hard rock, with three successive Top 5 albums between 1980 and 1982.

Often categorised with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album ''High 'n' Dry'', mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade. The follow-up ''Pyromania'' (1983), reached number 2 on the American charts and the singles "Photograph", "Rock of Ages" and "Foolin'", helped by the emergence of MTV, all reached the Top 40. It was widely emulated, particularly by the emerging Californian glam metal scene. This was followed by US acts like Mötley Crüe, with their albums ''Too Fast for Love'' (1981) and ''Shout at the Devil'' (1983) and, as the style grew, the arrival of bands such as Ratt, White Lion, Twisted Sister and Quiet Riot. Quiet Riot's album ''Metal Health'' (1983) was the first glam metal album, and arguably the first heavy metal album of any kind, to reach number 1 in the Billboard music charts and helped open the doors for mainstream success by subsequent bands.

Established bands made something of a comeback in the mid-1980s. After an 8-year separation, Deep Purple returned with the classic ''Machine Head'' line-up to produce ''Perfect Strangers'' (1984), which reached number 5 in the UK, number 2 in Norway, and number 17 on the Billboard 200 in the US. After disappointing sales of its fourth album, ''Fair Warning'', Van Halen rebounded with the Top 5 album ''Diver Down'' in 1982, then reached their commercial pinnacle with ''1984''. It reached number 2 on the Billboard album chart and provided the track "Jump", which reached number 1 on the singles chart and remained there for several weeks. The new medium of video channels was used with considerable success by bands formed in previous decades. Among the first were ZZ Top, who mixed hard blues-rock with New Wave music to produce a series of highly successful singles, beginning with "Gimme All Your Lovin'" (1983), which helped their albums ''Eliminator'' (1983) and ''Afterburner'' (1985) achieve diamond and multi-platinum status respectively. Others found renewed success in the singles charts with power ballads, including REO Speedwagon with "Keep on Loving You" (1980) and "Can't Fight This Feeling" (1984), Journey with "Don't Stop Believin'" (1981) and "Open Arms" (1982), Foreigner's "I Want to Know What Love Is", Scorpions "Still Loving You", (both from 1984), Heart’s "What About Love" (1985) and "These Dreams" (1986), and Boston's "Amanda" (1986).

Bon Jovi's third album, ''Slippery When Wet'' (1986), mixed hard rock with a pop sensitivity and spent a total of 8 weeks at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart, selling 12 million copies while becoming the first hard rock album to spawn three top 10 singles — two of which reached number 1. The album has been credited with widening the audiences for the genre, particularly by appealing to women as well as the traditional male dominated audience, and opening the door to MTV and commercial success for other bands at the end of the decade. The anthemic ''The Final Countdown'' (1986) by Swedish group Europe was an international hit, reaching number 8 on the US charts while hitting the top 10 in nine other countries. This era also saw more glam-infused American hard rock bands come to the forefront, with both Poison and Cinderella releasing their multi-platinum début albums in 1986. Van Halen released ''5150'' (1986), their first album with Sammy Hagar on lead vocals, which was number 1 in the US for three weeks and sold over 6 million copies. By the second half of the decade, hard rock had become the most reliable form of commercial popular music in the United States.

Established acts benefited from the new commercial climate, with Whitesnake's self-titled album (1987) selling over 17 million copies, outperforming anything in Coverdale's or Deep Purple's catalogue before or since. It featured the rock anthem "Here I Go Again '87" as one of 4 UK top 20 singles. The follow-up ''Slip of the Tongue'' (1989) went platinum, but according to critics Steve Erlwine and Greg Prato, "it was a considerable disappointment after the across-the-board success of ''Whitesnake''". Aerosmith's comeback album ''Permanent Vacation'' (1987) would begin a decade long revival of their popularity. ''Crazy Nights'' (1987) by Kiss was the band's highest charting release in the USA since 1979 and the highest of their career in the UK. Mötley Crüe with ''Girls, Girls, Girls'' (1987) continued their commercial success and Def Leppard with ''Hysteria'' (1987) hit their commercial peak, the latter producing seven hit singles (a record for a hard rock act). Guns N' Roses released the best-selling début of all time, ''Appetite for Destruction'' (1987). With a "grittier" and "rawer" sound than most glam metal, it produced three top 10 hits, including the number 1 "Sweet Child O' Mine". Some of the glam rock bands that formed in the mid-1980s, such as White Lion and Cinderella experienced their biggest success during this period with their respective albums ''Pride'' (1987) and ''Long Cold Winter'' (1988) both going multi-platinum and launching a series of hit singles. In the last years of the decade, the most notable successes were ''New Jersey'' (1988) by Bon Jovi, ''OU812'' (1988) by Van Halen, ''Open Up and Say... Ahh!'' (1988) by Poison'', Pump'' (1989) by Aerosmith, and Mötley Crüe's most commercially successful album ''Dr. Feelgood'' (1989). ''New Jersey'' spawned five Top 10 singles, a record for a hard rock act. A final wave of glam rock bands arrived in the late 1980s, and experienced success with multi-platinum albums and hit singles from 1989 until the early 1990s, among them Extreme, Warrant Slaughter and FireHouse. Skid Row also released their eponymous début (1989), reaching number 6 on the Billboard 200, but they were to be one of the last major bands that emerged in the glam rock era.

Grunge and Britpop (1990s)

Hard rock entered the 1990s as one of the dominant forms of commercial music. The multi-platinum releases of AC/DC's ''The Razors Edge'' (1990), Metallica's ''Metallica'' (1991) (often referred to as "The Black Album"), Guns N' Roses' ''Use Your Illusion I'' and ''Use Your Illusion II'' (both in 1991), and Van Halen's ''For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge'' (1991) showcased this popularity. Additionally, The Black Crowes released their debut album, ''Shake Your Money Maker'' (1990), which contained a bluesy classic rock sound and sold five million copies. In 1992, Def Leppard followed up 1987's ''Hysteria'' with ''Adrenalize'', which went multi-platinum, spawned four Top 40 singles and held the number 1 spot on the US album chart for 5 weeks.

While these few hard rock bands managed to maintain success and popularity in the early part of the decade, alternatives to hard rock achieved mainstream success in the form of grunge in the US and Britpop in the UK. This was particularly evident after the success of Nirvana's ''Nevermind'' (1991), which combined elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal into a "dirty" sound that made use of heavy guitar distortion, fuzz and feedback, along with darker lyrical themes than their "hair band" predecessors. Although most grunge bands had a sound that sharply contrasted mainstream hard rock, a minority, including Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden, were more strongly influenced by 1970s and 1980s rock and metal, while Stone Temple Pilots managed to turn alternative rock into a form of stadium rock. However, all grunge bands shunned the macho, anthemic and fashion-focused aesthetics particularly associated with glam metal. In Britain, Oasis were unusual among the Britpop bands of the mid-1990s in incorporating a hard rock sound.

In the new commercial climate many glam metal bands like Europe, Ratt, White Lion and Cinderella broke up, Whitesnake went on hiatus in 1991, and while many of these bands would re-unite again in the late 1990s or early 2000s, they never reached the commercial success they saw in the 1980s or early 1990s. Other bands such as Mötley Crüe and Poison saw personnel changes which impacted those bands' commercial viability during the decade. In 1995 Van Halen released ''Balance'', a multi-platinum seller that would be the band's last with Sammy Hagar on vocals. In 1996 David Lee Roth returned briefly and his replacement, former Extreme singer Gary Cherone, was fired soon after the release of the commercially unsuccessful 1998 album ''Van Halen III'' and Van Halen would not tour or record again until 2004. Guns N' Roses' original lineup was whittled away throughout the decade. Drummer Steven Adler was fired in 1990, guitarist Izzy Stradlin left in late 1991 after recording ''Use Your Illusion I and II'' with the band. Tensions between the other band members and lead singer Axl Rose continued after the release of the 1993 covers album ''The Spaghetti Incident?'' Guitarist Slash left in 1996, followed by bassist Duff McKagan in 1997. Axl Rose, the only original member, worked with a constantly-changing lineup in recording an album that would take over fifteen years to complete.

Some established acts continued to enjoy commercial success, such as Aerosmith, with their number 1 multi-platinum albums: ''Get a Grip'' (1993), which produced four Top 40 singles and became the band's best-selling album worldwide (going on to sell over 20 million copies), and ''Nine Lives'' (1997). In 1998, Aerosmith released the number 1 hit "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", which remains the only single by a hard rock band to debut at number 1. AC/DC produced the double platinum ''Ballbreaker'' (1995). Bon Jovi appealed to their hard rock audience with songs like "Keep the Faith" (1992), but also achieved success in the adult contemporary genre, with the Top 10 ballads "Bed of Roses" (1993) and "Always" (1994). Metallica's ''Load'' (1996) and ''ReLoad'' (1997) each sold in excess of 4 million copies in the US and saw the band develop a more melodic and blues-rock sound. As the initial impetus of grunge bands faltered in the middle years of the decade, post-grunge bands emerged. They emulated the attitudes and music of grunge, particularly thick, distorted guitars, but with a more radio-friendly commercially-oriented sound that drew more directly on traditional hard rock. Among the most successful acts were the Foo Fighters, Candlebox, Live, Collective Soul, Australia's Silverchair and England's Bush, who all cemented post-grunge as one of the most commercially viable sub-genres by the late 1990s. Similarly, some post-Britpop bands that followed in the wake of Oasis, including Feeder and Stereophonics, adopted a hard rock or "pop-metal" sound.

Survivals and revivals (2000-present)

A few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Bon Jovi were still able to achieve a commercial hit with "It's My Life" from their double platinum-certified album ''Crush'' (2000). AC/DC released the platinum-certified ''Stiff Upper Lip'' (2000) The Who (delayed in 2002 by the death of bassist John Entwistle until 2006) and Black Sabbath (with Osbourne 1997–2006 and Dio 2006-7) and even a one off performance by Led Zeppelin (2007), renewing the interest in previous eras. Additionally, hard rock supergroups, such as Audioslave (with former members of Rage Against the Machine and Soundgarden) and Velvet Revolver (with former members of Guns N' Roses, punk band Wasted Youth and Stone Temple Pilots singer Scott Weiland), emerged and experienced some success. However, these bands were short-lived, ending in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The long awaited Guns N' Roses album ''Chinese Democracy'' was finally released in 2008, but only went platinum and failed to come close to the success of the band's late 1980s and early 1990s material. More successfully, AC/DC released the double platinum-certified ''Black Ice'' (2008), Wolfmother's self-titled 2005 debut album combined elements of the sounds of Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin. Fellow Australians Airbourne's début album ''Runnin' Wild'' (2007) followed in the hard riffing tradition of AC/DC. England's The Darkness' ''Permission to Land'' (2003), described as an "eerily realistic simulation of '80s metal and '70s glam", topped the UK charts, going quintuple platinum. The follow-up, ''One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back'' (2005), reached number 11, before the band broke up in 2006. Los Angeles band Steel Panther managed to gain a following by sending up 80s glam metal. A more serious attempt to revive glam metal was made by bands of the sleaze metal movement in Sweden, including Vains of Jenna, Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet.

Although Foo Fighters continued to be one of the most successful rock acts, with albums like ''In Your Honor'' (2005) reaching number 2 in the US and UK, many of the first wave of post-grunge bands began to fade in popularity. Acts like Creed, Staind, Puddle of Mudd and Nickelback took the genre into the 21st century with considerable commercial success, abandoning most of the angst and anger of the original movement for more conventional anthems, narratives and romantic songs. They were followed in this vein by new acts including Shinedown and Seether. Acts with more conventional hard rock sounds included Andrew W.K., Beautiful Creatures and Buckcherry, whose breakthrough album ''15'' (2006) went platinum and spawned the single "Sorry" (2007), which made the Top 10 of the Billboard 100. These were joined by bands with hard rock leanings that emerged in the mid-2000s from the garage rock or post punk revival, including Black Rebel Motorcycle Club and Kings of Leon, and Queens of the Stone Age from the US, Three Days Grace from Canada, Jet from Australia and The Datsuns from New Zealand. In 2009 Them Crooked Vultures, a supergroup that brings together Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl, Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme and Led Zeppelin bass player John Paul Jones attracted attention as a live act and released a self-titled debut album that reached the top 20 in the US and UK and the top ten in several other countries.

See also

List of hard rock musicians

Timeline of heavy metal music

2009 in hard rock

2010 in hard rock

Notes

External links

* Category:Rock music genres

af:Hardrock ar:هارد روك bn:হার্ডরক be-x-old:Гард-рок bs:Hard rock bg:Хард рок ca:Rock dur cs:Hard rock da:Hård rock de:Hard Rock et:Hard rock es:Hard rock eo:Ŝtonroko fa:هارد راک hif:Hard rock fo:Hard rock fr:Hard rock gl:Hard rock ko:하드 록 hy:Հարդ ռոք hr:Hard rock id:Hard rock it:Hard rock he:הארד רוק ka:მძიმე როკი lv:Smagais roks lt:Sunkusis rokas hu:Hard rock mk:Хард-рок ms:Hard rock mn:Хард рок nl:Hardrock new:हार्ड रक ja:ハードロック no:Hardrock nn:Hardrock uz:Hard rock pl:Hard rock pt:Hard rock ro:Hard rock ru:Хард-рок scn:Hard rock simple:Hard rock sk:Hard rock sl:Hard rock sr:Хард рок sh:Hard rock fi:Hard rock sv:Hårdrock ta:கடின ராக் th:ฮาร์ดร็อก tr:Hard rock uk:Хард-рок vi:Hard rock bat-smg:Hard rock zh:硬式搖滾

Coordinates	33°51′35.9″N151°12′40″N
name	Vinnie Moore
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
born	April 14, 1964New Castle, Delaware, USA
instrument	Guitar
genre	Neo-classical metal, hard rock, heavy metal, instrumental rock
occupation	Musician, songwriter
years active	1986–present
associated acts	UFO, Alice Cooper
website	http://www.vinniemoore.com
notable instruments	Dean VM-2000 Signature model }}

Vinnie Moore (April 14, 1964, New Castle, Delaware) is a guitarist and a member of the English hard rock band UFO. Along with Yngwie Malmsteen, Tony MacAlpine, and others, Moore is known as one of the most influential guitarists to emerge out of the shredder boom in the mid 1980s.

Biography

Moore began his professional career at age of 12 and played clubs and bars until Shrapnel executive Mike Varney discovered him through a magazine article. His connection to Varney led to an opportunity to appear in a Pepsi commercial in 1985, (only Vinnie's hands appeared in the commercial as his guitar playing is heard. Following this Moore recorded his first solo album, ''Mind's Eye'', released on Shrapnel Records and featured Tony MacAlpine on keyboards. The album received several awards from guitar magazines and sold over 100,000 copies.

Vinnie Moore played lead guitar with the heavy metal band Vicious Rumors on their debut album, ''Soldiers of the Night''. The album features Moore's solo-song, "Invader", which was in the style of Van Halen's "Eruption". The shred guitar craze of the late eighties led to more releases for Shrapnel. Moore also began performing with other hard rock and heavy metal bands. He joined Alice Cooper's band for a tour and then appeared on the ''Hey Stoopid'' album. Following this Moore released two instructional videos on guitar playing.

He has been the lead guitarist for UFO since 2004.

Guitar equipment history

Moore has endorsed numerous guitar companies over the years, his most well known being Music Man guitars. In 2007 Moore left Music Man and began endorsing Dean guitars. At the winter NAMM show in January 2008, Dean Guitars unveiled a Vinnie Moore signature model. The ''Dean VM-2000'' features a Vinnie Moore "ShredHead" Humbucker in the bridge position. Moore also has an endorsement contract with Engl amplification.

Solo albums

1986: ''Mind's Eye''

1988: ''Time Odyssey''

1991: ''Meltdown''

1996: ''Out of Nowhere''

1999: ''The Maze''

2000: ''Live!'' (live)

2001: ''Defying Gravity''

2006: ''Collection: The Shrapnel Years'' (compilation)

2009: ''To the Core''

Videos

''Advanced Lead Guitar Techniques'' (1987)

''Speed, Accuracy, & Articulation'' (1989)

'SHOWTIME' 2-CD and 2-DVD set from UFO's European tour (2005)

Appears On

1985 - Vicious Rumors - ''Soldiers of the Night''

1989 - Guitar's Practicing Musicians - ''Free''

1991 - Alice Cooper - ''Hey Stoopid''

1994 - Various Artists - ''Deep Purple Tribute: Smoke On The Water''

1998 - Sega - "Burning Rangers" Game soundtrack for the 'Saturn' video game

2004 - UFO - ''You Are Here''

2004 - Jordan Rudess - ''Rhythm of Time''

2005 - Various Artists - ''Subdivisions: A Tribute to the Music of Rush''

2005 - UFO - "Showtime" - A double-live DVD and music CD release recorded earlier on in the year

2006 - UFO - ''The Monkey Puzzle''

2009 - UFO - ''The Visitor''

References

External links

Vinnie Moore's Official Web Site

Vinnie Moore's Official myspace site

UFO's Official Web Site

An interview with Vinnie Moore

Vinnie Moore Signature Dean Guitar

Category:1964 births Category:Living people Category:Lead guitarists Category:American rock guitarists Category:American heavy metal guitarists Category:People from New Castle County, Delaware Category:UFO members

cs:Vinnie Moore de:Vinnie Moore es:Vinnie Moore fa:وینی مور fr:Vinnie Moore it:Vinnie Moore ja:ヴィニー・ムーア pl:Vinnie Moore pt:Vinnie Moore ru:Мур, Винни sk:Vinnie Moore fi:Vinnie Moore tr:Vinnie Moore

Coordinates	33°51′35.9″N151°12′40″N
firstgame	''Fatal Fury: King of Fighters'' (1991)
series	''Fatal Fury'' series''The King of Fighters'' series''SNK vs. Capcom'' series
voiceactor	Mark Hildreth (animated films) Tony Carrol (''KOF: Maximum Impact'' series)
japanactor	Satoshi HashimotoTsutomu Kashiwakura (animated films)Kazukiyo NishikioriTakeshi Kusao (Dengeki Bunko drama CD)
Liveactor	David Leitch
inuniverse	}}

is a video game character created by SNK Playmore (previously SNK), and is the main character of the ''Fatal Fury'' series. In the series, he is an American fighter who enters the worldwide tournaments called ''The King of Fighters'' to kill Geese Howard, a criminal who killed Terry's father. Terry becomes a formidable fighter, earning the title of "Legendary Hungry Wolf". In the fourth tournament he participates, Terry nearly kills Geese, but recants from doing so. Geese responds to this by apparently committing suicide. Terry then decides to become the guardian of Geese's son, Rock Howard.

In addition to video game, Terry has appeared in anime films based on his adventures from the ''Fatal Fury'' series, as well as soundtracks and manga serialized to Japanese monthly manga magazine Comic Bom Bom. He is also a regular character in the crossover video game series ''The King of Fighters'', in which he continues participating in tournaments. Dating back to the first ''Fatal Fury'', Terry is one of SNK's first fighting game characters and has appeared as a playable character in every ''Fatal Fury'' and main ''King of Fighters'' game to date. The character has been well received by video games players; he is ranked high in several popularity polls developed by SNK and video games magazines. Publications have praised the character and how he was developed from ''Fatal Fury'' to ''The King of Fighters''. He is prominently featured on merchandise from SNK and their crossover series, becoming an icon for them.

Character design

In most of the ''Fatal Fury'' and ''King of Fighters'' games, Terry wears a red, short-sleeved jacket with a white star on the back worn over a short-sleeved white t-shirt; occasionally, the shirt is sleeveless and occasionally has tattered sleeves. In the original ''Fatal Fury'', however, Terry wears a red leather jacket that features rolled-up sleeves. He also wears fingerless gloves, blue jeans, a pair of red Chuck Taylor All Star shoes, and a red-and-white baseball/trucker cap. The character has long, blonde hair, but keeps it tied in a ponytail with bangs around his forehead/cheeks.

In ''Mark of the Wolves'' and other recent games, Terry's design consists of a brown bomber jacket with a white star on the back with the words "Running Wild" below it, as well as a white shirt, blue jeans, and brown boots. His hair, while still notably long, is considerably shorter than his former ponytail, and flows freely instead of braiding it. All of the main ''King of Fighters'' games up until ''2002'' feature Terry in his ''Fatal Fury 2'' outfit. ''The King of Fighters 2003'' and ''XI'' feature the ''Mark of the Wolves'' depiction. In ''The King of Fighters XII'', Terry was given his ''Fatal Fury 2'' outfit once again because the staff wanted to "use the most macho, stand-out, original Terry" as well as to keep in line with the "original clashing of fists."

Attributes

Terry Bogard is typically a cheerful and friendly fellow to everyone around him. He seems to bear no ill will towards anyone other than Geese Howard, the killer of his adoptive father. He and Andy Bogard were orphans adopted by Jeff Bogard, who was killed by Geese Howard when Terry and Andy were children. Wishing to take revenge, Terry trained alone in the streets until he developed a unique fighting style which combines boxing, kung fu, kickboxing and street fighting moves. He became strong enough to enter The King of Fighters tournament, in which he is often referred to as the Legendary Hungry Wolf (from , the Japanese title of his first appearance) for his remarkable skills. Although Terry manages to defeat Geese, he tries to save him when Geese is about to fall from a tower. Geese refuses this help, and seemingly falls to his death, though he's since returned in numerous games. Some time after that, Terry met Geese's son, Rock Howard, and started taking care of him. He treats Rock as his son, but gives him some freedom of choice. Terry appears to fit many Japanese stereotypes for an American character in appearance, personality and speech (his in-game vocabulary is usually limited to American colloquialisms, such as "Okay!" and "Hey, c'mon, c'mon."). He has a pet monkey named which commonly appears around him in some games. Terry is also streetsmart as his knowledge of what goes on in the streets and slang is vast. During the ''Fatal Fury'' series, Terry meets Blue Mary, with whom he appears to have a longtime relationship.

Appearances

In video games

Terry has served as the lead character of the ''Fatal Fury'' series since his debut in the first game. The original ''Fatal Fury'' centers around Terry and his younger brother Andy, who enter the King of Fighters tournament to avenge their father's death, who was murdered a decade ago by the tournament's sponsor, Geese Howard. Along with their friend Joe Higashi, they manage to defeat Geese who dies falling from a tower after fighting one of the three main characters.

The numerous ''Fatal Fury'' sequels released afterward feature Terry and his friends competing in new tournaments. The initial sequel, ''Fatal Fury 2'', introduced a new antagonist for Terry to defeat named Wolfgang Krauser, who tries to conquer Southtown. By ''Fatal Fury 3: Road to the Final Victory'', Terry continues his fight against Geese who survived his apparent death and now seek revenge against Terry and other rivals. ''Real Bout Fatal Fury'' concludes the Bogard and Howard rivalry by killing off Geese at the end of the game. Two subsequent ''Real Bout'' sequels were produced, ''Real Bout Fatal Fury Special'' and ''Real Bout Fatal Fury 2: The Newcomers'', featuring Terry although neither game contains any storyline. A 3D fighting game version of the series, ''Fatal Fury: Wild Ambition'' was produced as well, which retells the plot of the first game. Terry Bogard's character would be reinvented for ''Garou: Mark of the Wolves'', which features an older Terry as the mentor of Geese Howard's son, Rock Howard. During this time, Terry and Rock enter a new King of Fighters tournament dubbed Maximum Mayhem.

After the release of ''Fatal Fury 2'', Terry appeared in ''The King of Fighters '94'', where he serves as the leader of the game's "Fatal Fury" team alongside his younger brother Andy and Joe. ''The King of Fighters'' series, which was originally conceived as a crossover of SNK's previous video game franchises, eventually established their own self-contained continuity set apart from the previous ''Fatal Fury'' series and Terry became a staple in both franchises. While the Fatal Fury Team's members change various times across the series, Terry remains as the team's leader. ''The King of Fighters XII'' and ''The King of Fighters XIII'' bring back the character in his ''Fatal Fury 2'' outfit.

The Fatal Fury Team remains as in the first ''KOF'' in the games without storyline: these games include ''The King of Fighters '98'', ''The King of Fighters 2002'' and ''Neowave''. In ''The King of Fighters: Kyo'', a RPG game centered on Kyo Kusanagi, Terry appears when Kyo goes to South Town, and helps him to fight Geese Howard. In the two games for the Game Boy Advance titled ''EX: Neo Blood'' and ''EX2'', the Fatal Fury also participates in the new tournaments. Terry also appears in the ''KOF: Maximum Impact'' sub-series in both his ''Fatal Fury 2'' and ''Mark of the Wolves'' outfits, with the latter being labelled as . He is also playable in the shooter game ''Sky Stage''. Terry also stars in the crossover video games ''NeoGeo Battle Coliseum'' and ''SNK vs. Capcom'' series; in the former in his ''Mark of the Wolves'' outfit, and the latter in his ''Fatal Fury 2'' outfit.

In other media

Terry Bogard is the central character of a trilogy of Japanese animated ''Fatal Fury'' films, where his character is voiced by Nishikori Kazukiyo in the Japanese originals and Mark Hildreth in the English dubs. The first two movies, 1992s ''Fatal Fury: Legend of the Hungry Wolf'' and 1993s ''Fatal Fury 2: The New Battle'', loosely follows the storylines of their respective games, while the third film, 1994s ''Fatal Fury: The Motion Picture'', features an original storyline. The first film introduces a new love interest for Terry Bogard named Lily McGwire, an orphaned girl raised by Geese Howard. Lily is killed by Geese during the first film, but she appears in both sequels as a spirit who guides Terry. The third film introduced a new love interest for Terry named Sulia, the younger sister antagonist Laocorn Gaudeamus, who sacrifices herself in the end of the film to help Terry defeat her brother.

Terry also plays a supporting role in the 2006 original net animation ''The King of Fighters: Another Day''. Terry appears in the episode "Accede", where he is voiced in the Japanese version by Satoshi Hashimoto, his voice actor from the video games, and Tony Carroll in the English dub. Satoshi Hashimoto also voiced Terry in ''Memories of Stray Wolves'' a twenty-minute featurette which serves as a retrospective of the ''Fatal Fury'' series, with Terry narrating the events of the games to Rock. Terry is also featured in the volume 3 from the soundtracks series ''SNK Character Sounds Collection'' released by Pony Canyon. The CD features several songs based on his character. He is appears in several mawhua, including the ''Fatal Fury'' series, ''The King of Fighters'' and ''SNK Vs. Capcom: SVC Chaos'' which retell the stories from its respective games. The first seven chapters from the manhua ''The King of Fighters 2003'' by Wing Yen features a short chapter from ''Garou: Mark of the Wolves'' that tell Rock's training with Terry. His character is also part of a social action program created by SNK Playmore named "Nakoruru & Terry Club". The organization supports children to guide them to a better future. David Leitch will portray Terry in the upcoming ''The King Of Fighters'' movie.

Reception

Terry is frequently used to symbolize the company in crossover games, merchandise and publicity. During the ''KOF'' Year-End Party in 2005, a fan event made by SNK, the character's cap was given to every fan in attendance. His character has been well-received by fans, appearing in several video games popularity polls. In Gamest's 1997 Heroes Collection, Terry was voted as the staff's eighth favorite character. In a popularity poll by SNK for the release of ''Garou: Mark of the Wolves'', Terry ranked 2nd with a SNK staff commenting that "Terry's the eternal hero". A character popularity poll on the website Neo Geo Freak journal resulted in Terry as the fourth favorite character from the series with a total of 2,479 votes. He was voted as the number one fan favorite character with a total of 10,014 votes in a 2005 poll made by SNK-Playmore USA. For the special endings in ''The King of Fighters '97'', three video games publications, Gamest, Famitsu and Neo Geo Freak, had to create a team composed of three characters from the game so that they would be featured in an image after passing the arcade mode. The Gamest's team created a team composed of Terry, Blue Mary and Joe Higashi. The special ending only appears in Japanese versions of the game.

The character has received praise and criticism from several media publications. GameSpot reviewer Frank Provo commented that one of ''Fatal Fury''s biggest accomplishments is the creation of Terry Bogard and for making him appear in later sequels. Damien McFerran praised Terry's design, saying that he is "emanating so much coolness it’s little wonder that SNK ''otaku'' can always be seen wearing his trademark red cap". Dale Nardozzi from Reviews Teambox also praised Terry's distinct appearance. He further commented that his clothes is one of the most common cosplays at every convention with video game importance. Andrew Sztein from GamingExcellence commented that Terry was one of his favourite characters from the series. He mentioned that he liked his design because as "he should be working at Petro Canada part time" and added that his mispronunciation of English quotes are quite funny. IGN reviewer Ryan Clements also found preference over Terry from all the other characters in the ''Fatal Fury'' series, commenting he liked how the character played in each game. Dan Whitehead from Eurogamer praised each part of Terry's appearance that makes him look cool. He also commented that Terry is one of the most popular characters from ''Fatal Fury'' although he is "rather bland". UGO.com listed Terry's baseball cap thirteenth on their list of "The Coolest Helmets and Headgear in Video Games", calling it "completely badass" despite its reading of "Fatal Fury." Den of Geek listed Terry 3rd in their "best fighting game characters" list with editor Harry Slater commenting "Bogard is a stark reminder of the glory days of the two dimensional fighter".

References

External links

Fatal Fury 15th Anniversary Official Website

The King of Fighters 10th Anniversary Official Website

Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1991 Category:Fatal Fury characters Category:Fictional American people Category:Fictional basketball players Category:Fictional mixed martial artists Category:Fictional orphans Category:Film characters Category:Male video game characters Category:The King of Fighters characters Category:Video game mascots

es:Terry Bogard fr:Terry Bogard ko:테리 보가드 ja:テリー・ボガード pt:Terry Bogard th:เทอร์รี่ โบการ์ด zh:泰瑞·柏格

Coordinates	33°51′35.9″N151°12′40″N
name	Gary Moore
background	solo_singer
birth name	Robert William Gary Moore
born	April 04, 1952Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
died	February 06, 2011Estepona, Malaga Province, Spain
instrument	Vocals, guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, harmonica
genre	Blues-rock, hard rock, heavy metal, blues, jazz fusion
occupation	Musician, songwriter, producer
years active	1969–2011
label	Virgin, Eagle
associated acts	Skid Row, Thin Lizzy, Colosseum II, Phil Lynott, Greg Lake, BBM
website
notable instruments	Gary Moore Signature Les PaulFender Stratocaster }}

Robert William Gary Moore (4 April 1952 – 6 February 2011), better known simply as Gary Moore, was a British musician from Belfast, best recognised as a blues rock guitarist and singer.

In a career dating back to the 1960s, Moore played with artists including Phil Lynott and Brian Downey during his teens, leading him to membership with the Irish rock band Thin Lizzy on three separate occasions. Moore shared the stage with such blues and rock luminaries as B.B. King, Albert King, Colosseum II, George Harrison, Greg Lake and Skid Row (not to be confused with the hard rock band of the same name), as well as having a successful solo career. He guested on a number of albums recorded by high profile musicians, including a cameo appearance playing the lead guitar solo on "She's My Baby" from ''Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3''.

Moore died of a heart attack in his hotel room while on holiday in Estepona, Spain, in February 2011.

Early life and career

Moore started performing at a young age, having picked up a battered acoustic guitar (a Framus guitar ) at the age of eight. He got his first quality guitar at the age of 14, learning to play the right-handed instrument in the standard way despite being left-handed. He moved to Dublin in 1968 at the age of 16. His early musical influences were artists such as Albert King, Elvis Presley, The Shadows and The Beatles. Later, having seen Jimi Hendrix and John Mayall's Bluesbreakers in his home town of Belfast, his own style was developing into a blues-rock sound that would be the dominant form of his career in music.

Moore's greatest influence in the early days was guitarist Peter Green of Fleetwood Mac who was a mentor to Moore when performing in Dublin. Green's continued influence on Moore was later repaid as a tribute to Green on his 1995 album ''Blues for Greeny'', an album consisting entirely of Green compositions. On this tribute album, Moore played Green's 1959 Les Paul Standard guitar which Green had lent to Moore after leaving Fleetwood Mac. Moore ultimately purchased the guitar, at Green's request, so that "it would have a good home".

While less popular in the US, Moore's work "brought substantial acclaim and commercial success in most other parts of the world – especially in Europe". Throughout his career, Moore was recognised as an influence by many notable guitarists including Vivian Campbell, Patrick Rondat, John Norum, Paul Gilbert , Gus G, Joe Bonamassa, Adrian Smith, Zakk Wylde, Randy Rhoads, John Sykes, John Norum and Kirk Hammett

He collaborated with a broad range of artists including George Harrison, Trilok Gurtu, Dr. Strangely Strange, Colosseum II, Travelling Wilburys, Albert Collins, Jimmy Nail, Mo Foster, Ginger Baker, Jack Bruce, Jim Capaldi, B.B. King, Bob Dylan, Vicki Brown, Cozy Powell, Rod Argent, the Beach Boys, Ozzy Osbourne, Paul Rodgers, Keith Emerson, Roger Daltrey, Albert King and together with Colosseum II with Andrew Lloyd Webber on the composer's ''Variations'' album in 1978. He experimented with many musical genres, including rock, jazz, blues, country, electric blues, hard rock and heavy metal.

In 1968, aged 16, Moore moved to Dublin to join the group Skid Row with Noel Bridgeman and Brendan "Brush" Shiels. It was with this group that he earned a reputation in the music industry, and his association with Phil Lynott began.

Solo career

Moore released his first solo album in 1973, ''Grinding Stone'' (billed as "the Gary Moore Band"). 'Grinding Stone' was issued in North America on Neil Kempfer-Stocker's fledgling record label imprint Cosmos. It received 'Album of the Year' accolades on KTAC-FM/Seattle-Tacoma, Washington in 1974. In 1978 his solo career continued with help from Phil Lynott. The combination of Moore's blues-based guitar and Lynott's voice produced "Parisienne Walkways", which reached the Top Ten in the UK Singles Chart in April 1979 and the Thin Lizzy album ''Black Rose: A Rock Legend'' which reached number two in the UK album chart. Moore appears in the videos for ''Waiting for an Alibi'' and ''Do Anything You Want To''.

In 1987, he collaborated on the UK charity record "Let It Be", a cover of the Beatles track. He performed a guitar solo for inclusion on the recording, which was released under the group-name of 'Ferry Aid'. The record raised substantial funds for the survivors of the ''MS Herald of Free Enterprise'' disaster.

In 1993, he was included on a cassette called ''Rock Classics Vol. 1'' with "Run to Your Mama", and "Dark Side of the Moog". After a series of rock records, Moore returned to blues music with ''Still Got the Blues'', with contributions from Albert King, Albert Collins and George Harrison. The album was well received by fans. He stayed with the blues format until 1997, when he decided to experiment with modern dance beats on ''Dark Days in Paradise''; this left many fans, as well as the music press, confused. He also contributed guitar sections to Richard Blackwood's 2000 album, ''You'll Love to Hate This''.

With ''Back to the Blues'', Moore return to his tried and tested blues format in 2001: he continued with this style on ''Power of the Blues'' (2004), ''Old New Ballads Blues'' (2006), ''Close As You Get'' (2007) and ''Bad For You Baby'' (2008).

In January 2005, Moore joined the One World Project, which recorded a song for the 2004 Asian Tsunami relief effort. The group featured Russell Watson, Boy George, Steve Winwood, Barry Gibb, Brian Wilson, Cliff Richard, Dewey Bunnell, Gerry Beckley and Robin Gibb on vocals (in their order of appearance), and featured a guitar solo by Moore. The song, entitled "Grief Never Grows Old", was released in February 2005, reaching #4 on the UK Singles Chart.

In what has been described as "a brave and principled stand", Gary declared his support for the cultural boycott of Israel. At a press conference in Russia he announced that he would not visit the ‘criminal state’ of Israel ‘because of its racist policies against the Palestinian people’.

He also took part in a comedy skit entitled "The Easy Guitar Book Sketch" with comedian Rowland Rivron and fellow musicians Mark Knopfler, Lemmy from Motorhead, Mark King from Level 42, and David Gilmour.

Personal life

Moore grew up on Castleview Road opposite Stormont's Parliament Buildings, off the Upper Newtownards Road in east Belfast, as one of five children of a promoter named Bobby and housewife, Winnie, but he left the city as a teenager, because all was not well in their household. His parents parted a year later. He left just as The Troubles were starting in Northern Ireland.

Aiming to become a musician he moved to Dublin at the age of 16 and joined Skid Row, a band that then included Phil Lynott. Moore would later join Lynott again in 1973 when he first joined Thin Lizzy, after the departure of founding member Eric Bell and again in 1977. He moved to England in 1970 and remained there, apart from two short periods in America. In 2002 he bought a five-bedroom detached Edwardian house in Hove, just west of Brighton, Sussex, to be near his sons, Jack and Gus, from his former marriage which had lasted from 1985 to 1993. Since 1997 he was living with his partner, an artist named Jo, and their daughter Lily (b. 1999) and Saoirse. His residence was reported to be on Vallance Gardens in Hove, East Sussex.

Death

Gary Moore died of a suspected heart attack, at the age of 58 during the early hours of 6 February 2011. At the time, he was on holiday at the Kempinski Hotel in Estepona, Spain, with his girlfriend, who raised the alarm at 4:00 am. His death was confirmed by Thin Lizzy's manager Adam Parsons.

Legacy

Since his death, many fellow musicians have commented on Gary Moore's talents including Ozzy Osbourne, Eric Singer, Doug Aldrich, Tony Iommi, Bob Geldof, Roger Taylor, Brian Downey, Andy DiGelsomina, Ricky Warwick, Glenn Hughes, Bryan Adams, Henry Rollins, Scott Gorham, Ignacio Garay, Mikael Åkerfeldt. In March 2011 ''Guitarist'' produced their tribute special with unreleased footage from 2009. Musicians including Former Thin Lizzy Guitarist Eric Bell, Silverbird and Mick and Dave Pyro from the Republic of Loose on the 18 April, gathered for a tribute concert in Whelans bar in Dublin, Ireland entitled 'The Gig For Gary'.

Fans have called for popular magazines such as ''Classic Rock'', ''Guitarist'' and ''Total Guitar'' to do tributes. Twitter was flooded with tributes from fans for several days after the news was revealed.

Discography

''Grinding Stone'' (1973)

''Back on the Streets'' (1978)

''G-Force'' (1980)

''Corridors of Power'' (1982)

''Dirty Fingers'' (1984)

''Victims of the Future'' (1984)

''Run for Cover'' (1985)

''Wild Frontier'' (1987)

''After the War'' (1989)

''Still Got the Blues'' (1990)

''After Hours'' (1992)

''Blues for Greeny'' (1995)

''Dark Days in Paradise'' (1997)

''A Different Beat'' (1999)

''Back to the Blues'' (2001)

''Scars'' (2002)

''Power of the Blues'' (2004)

''Old New Ballads Blues'' (2006)

''Close As You Get'' (2007)

''Bad for You Baby'' (2008)

Tributes:

We Want Moore! - Gary Moore Tribute (Lion Music 2004)

References

External links

Official Gary Moore web site

Category:1952 births Category:2011 deaths Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:People from Belfast Category:Male singers from Northern Ireland Category:Irish musicians Category:Irish songwriters Category:English-language singers Category:Irish rock singers Category:Irish guitarists Category:Irish rock guitarists Category:Rock musicians from Northern Ireland Category:Thin Lizzy members Category:The Gary Moore Band members Category:Lead guitarists Category:Jazz fusion guitarists Category:Guitarists from Northern Ireland Category:Blues rock musicians Category:Electric blues musicians Category:People educated at Ashfield Boys' High School

ar:غاري مور an:Gary Moore az:Qari Mur be-x-old:Гэры Мур bg:Гери Мур ca:Gary Moore cs:Gary Moore cy:Gary Moore da:Gary Moore de:Gary Moore et:Gary Moore el:Γκάρι Μουρ es:Gary Moore eo:Gary Moore eu:Gary Moore fa:گری مور fr:Gary Moore ko:게리 무어 it:Gary Moore he:גרי מור ka:გარი მური la:Gary Moore lb:Gary Moore hu:Gary Moore nl:Gary Moore ja:ゲイリー・ムーア no:Gary Moore nn:Gary Moore pl:Gary Moore pt:Gary Moore ro:Gary Moore ru:Мур, Гэри simple:Gary Moore sk:Gary Moore sl:Gary Moore fi:Gary Moore sv:Gary Moore th:แกรี มัวร์ tr:Gary Moore uk:Ґері Мур