William H. Cosby Jr. was born on July 12th, 1937, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and for over thirty years, he has been one of the world's most respected and well-known entertainers and comedians. After tenth grade, Cosby joined the Navy and completed high school through a correspondence course. He later took up an athletics scholarship at Temple University, supporting himself during his studies by tending bar, where his easy-going style and witty joking with the clientèle prompted suggestions that he try stand-up comedy. This he did and was soon to be discovered by the legendary 'Carl Reiner' (qv). In his early twenties, he appeared on many well-known variety programs including _"Toast of the Town" (1948)_ (qv) (aka "The Ed Sullivan Show"). His big break came in 1965 when he appeared as "Alexander Scott" in _"I Spy" (1965)_ (qv), winning numerous Emmys for his performance. He later appeared in _"The Bill Cosby Show" (1969)_ (qv), playing a teacher, although originally the show only lasted for two years. He then created a Filmation cartoon based on many of his high school buddies including Weird Harold, Dumb Donald, Mushmouth, and others: the show was, of course, _"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids" (1972)_ (qv). The theme was humorous but also focused on Cosby's more educational side. He studied for many years during his career in the 1960s and 1970s, and he received a doctorate in Education from the University of Massachusetts. Cosby also starred in some highly successful movies such as _Uptown Saturday Night (1974)_ (qv), _Let's Do It Again (1975)_ (qv), _A Piece of the Action (1977)_ (qv), _Mother, Jugs & Speed (1976)_ (qv), and _California Suite (1978)_ (qv). During his early years he also made some comedy albums that sold very well; his most notable comedy song being "Little Old Man." He was one of the original cast members of _"The Electric Company" (1971)_ (qv), and he was featured in the series _"Pinwheel" (1979)_ (qv) during the late 1970s and then appeared in the mediocre _The Devil and Max Devlin (1981)_ (qv). In 1984, 'Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids' stopped production, and _"The Cosby Show" (1984)_ (qv) commenced. The show was originally intended to follow a blue-collar family, but finally ended up portraying a white-collar family. It was originally rejected by ABC, accepted by a then-floundering NBC, and was an almost instant success. From 1985 to 1987 the show broke viewing records, with Cosby becoming perhaps the strongest driving force in television during the eighties. Despite this great success, he arguably created his own downfall. The Cosby Show led what was considered by many at that time to be the best night of television: the line-up included _"Night Court" (1984)_ (qv), _"Hill Street Blues" (1981)_ (qv), and _"Family Ties" (1982)_ (qv), which all followed The Cosby Show. Cosby was dissatisfied with the way minorities were portrayed on television. He produced the TV series _"A Different World" (1987)_ (qv) and insisted that this program should follow the Cosby Show, rather than Family Ties. A Different World was set in an historically Black college and concentrated on young people and education. Impact was felt on the show immediately; at its peak, the Cosby Show logged an estimated 70 million viewers. However, after the scheduling reshuffle, the show lost roughly 20% of its massive audience. However, Cosby was still riding high in the early nineties until massive competition from _"The Simpsons" (1989)_ (qv). The Cosby Show finally ended in 1992, conceding to _"The Simpsons" (1989)_ (qv), with the final production considered to be one of the highest-rated shows of the season and featured a pleading Cosby asking for peace in riot-torn Los Angeles during the height of the 'Rodney King (I)' (qv) riots. Cosby never seemed able to top the success of the Cosby Show; his film _Leonard Part 6 (1987)_ (qv) was considered to be one of the worst American films in history and may have contributed in part to his downfall as a film actor, along with his performance in _Ghost Dad (1990)_ (qv). He did attempt a minor comeback in 1996 starring in the 'Robin Williams (I)' (qv) film _Jack (1996)_ (qv), which was directed by 'Francis Ford Coppola' (qv); and in another show, _"Cosby" (1996)_ (qv), (starring 'Phylicia Rashad' (qv), who appeared as his wife in the previous Cosby Show). Since then he has produced films such as _Men of Honor (2000)_ (qv), and shows including _"Little Bill" (1999)_ (qv). Sadly, his son Ennis was murdered in 1997. Throughout the years, Bill Cosby has taken a socially conscious tone, often associated with family values, coupled with a distinctly urban spin on his style. He will go down in entertainment history as one of the most successful and most respected entertainers in the world.
name | Bill Cosby |
---|---|
birth name | William Henry Cosby Jr. |
birth date | July 12, 1937 |
birth place | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
occupation | Actor, comedian, author, producer, musician, activist |
years active | 1962–present |
spouse | Camille Hanks(1964–present) |
website | http://www.billcosby.com/ }} |
During the 1980s, Cosby produced and starred in what is considered to be one of the decade's defining sitcoms, ''The Cosby Show'', which aired eight seasons from 1984 to 1992. The sitcom highlighted the experiences and growth of an affluent African-American family. He also produced the spin-off sitcom ''A Different World'', which became second to ''The Cosby Show'' in ratings. He starred in the sitcom ''Cosby'' from 1996 to 2000 and hosted ''Kids Say the Darndest Things'' for two seasons.
He has been a sought-after spokesman, and has endorsed a number of products, including Jell-O, Kodak film, Ford, Texas Instruments, and Coca-Cola, including New Coke. In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante included him in his book, the ''100 Greatest African Americans''.
In 1976, Cosby earned a Doctor of Education degree from the University of Massachusetts. For his doctoral research, he wrote a dissertation entitled, "An Integration of the Visual Media Via 'Fat Albert And The Cosby Kids' Into the Elementary School Curriculum as a Teaching Aid and Vehicle to Achieve Increased Learning".
While serving in the Navy as a Hospital Corpsman for four years, Cosby worked in physical therapy with some seriously injured Korean War casualties, which helped him discover what was important to him. Then he immediately realized the need for an education, and finished his equivalency diploma via correspondence courses. He then won a track and field scholarship to Philadelphia's Temple University in 1961–62, and studied physical education while running track and playing fullback on the football team. Cosby also joined the school's chapter of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity.
Cosby loved humor, and he called himself the class clown. Even as he progressed through his undergraduate studies, Cosby had continued to hone his talent for humor, joking with fellow enlistees in the service and then with college friends. When he began bar tending at the Cellar, a club in Philadelphia, to earn money, he became fully aware of his ability to make people laugh. He worked his customers and saw his tips increase, then ventured on to the stage.
While many comics were using the growing freedom of that decade to explore controversial, sometimes risqué, material, Cosby was making his reputation with humorous recollections of his childhood. Many Americans wondered about the absence of race as a topic in Cosby's stories. As Cosby's success grew he had to defend his choice of material regularly; as he argued, "A white person listens to my act and he laughs and he thinks, 'Yeah, that's the way I see it too.' Okay. He's white. I'm Negro. And we both see things the same way. That must mean that ''we are alike. Right?'' So I figure this way I'm doing as much for good race relations as the next guy."
Carl Reiner, at the awarding to Cosby of the Mark Twain Prize in 2009, described a step in Cosby's career. Reiner's son Rob Reiner, then in his early teens, delivered what the father regards as a word-for-word rendition of Cosby's performance on ''The Ed Sullivan Show'' of the "Right!" routine, from his "Noah" series that also appears on the 1963 album ''Bill Cosby Is A Very Funny Fellow...Right!''. The father's interest led him first to obtain the video-taped performance, and then to propose Cosby as a guest for ''The Dick Van Dyke Show''. Asked about whether the comic could act, he asserted anyone who could pull off the role of The Lord in the "Right!" routine must be a skilled actor. Cosby's official agency biography differs, saying Carl Reiner had caught Cosby's act in Pittsburgh "and introduced Cosby to producer Sheldon Leonard, who signed him to star in the ''I Spy'' series."
Cosby remains an actively touring stand-up comedian, performing at theaters throughout the country.
During the run of the series, Cosby continued to do stand-up comedy performances, and recorded a half-dozen record albums for Warners. He also began to dabble in singing, recording ''Silver Throat: Bill Cosby Sings'' in 1967, which provided him with a hit single with his recording of "Li'l Ole Man". He would record several more musical albums into the early 1970s, but he continued to record primarily stand-up comedy work.
In June 1968 ''Billboard'' reported that Cosby had turned down a five-year, US$3.5 million contract renewal offer and would leave the label in August that year to record for his own record label.
Tetragrammaton Records was a division of the Campbell, Silver, Cosby (CSC) Corporation, the Los Angeles based production company founded by Cosby, his manager Roy Silver, and filmmaker Bruce Post Campbell. It produced films as well as records, including Cosby's television specials, the Fat Albert cartoon special and series and several motion pictures. CSC hired industry veteran Artie Mogull as President of the label and Tetragrammaton was fairly active during 1968–69 (its most successful signing was British heavy rock band Deep Purple) but it quickly went into the red and ceased trading during 1970.
After ''The Bill Cosby Show'' left the air, Cosby returned to his education. He began graduate work at the University of Massachusetts, qualifying under a special program that allowed for the admission of students who had not completed their bachelor's degrees, but who had had a significant impact on society and/or their communities through their careers. This professional interest led to his involvement in the PBS series ''The Electric Company'', for which he recorded several segments teaching reading skills to young children.
In 1972, Cosby received an MA from the University of Massachusetts and was also back in prime time with a variety series, ''The New Bill Cosby Show''. However, this time he met with poor ratings, and the show lasted only a season. More successful was a Saturday morning show, ''Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids'', hosted by Cosby and based on his own childhood. That series ran from 1972 to 1979, and as ''The New Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids'' from 1979 to 1984. Some schools used the program as a teaching tool, and Cosby himself wrote a dissertation on it, "An Integration of the Visual Media Via 'Fat Albert And The Cosby Kids' Into the Elementary School Curriculum as a Teaching Aid and Vehicle to Achieve Increased Learning", as partial fulfillment of obtaining his 1976 doctorate in education, also from the University of Massachusetts. Subsequently, Temple University, where Cosby had begun but never finished his undergraduate studies, would grant him his bachelor's degree on the basis of "life experience".
Also during the 1970s, Cosby and other African-American actors, including Sidney Poitier, joined forces to make some successful comedy films that countered the violent "blaxploitation" films of the era. ''Uptown Saturday Night'' (1974) and ''Let's Do It Again'' (1975) were generally praised, but much of Cosby's film work has fallen flat. ''Mother, Jugs & Speed'' (1976) costarring Raquel Welch and Harvey Keitel; ''A Piece of the Action'', with Poitier; and ''California Suite'', a compilation of four Neil Simon plays, were all panned. In addition, ''Cos'' (1976) an hour-long variety show featuring puppets, sketches, and musical numbers, was canceled within the year. Cosby was also a regular on children's public television programs starting in the 1970s, hosting the "Picture Pages" segments that lasted into the early 1980s.
Much of the material from the pilot and first season of ''The Cosby Show'' was taken from his then popular video ''Bill Cosby: Himself'', released in 1983. The series was an immediate success, debuting near the top of the ratings and staying there for most of its long run. ''The Cosby Show'' is one of only three American programs that have been #1 in the Nielsen ratings for at least five consecutive seasons, along with ''All in the Family'' and ''American Idol.'' ''People'' magazine called the show "revolutionary", and ''Newsday'' concurred that it was a "real breakthrough."
In 1987, Cosby attempted to return to the big screen with the spy spoof ''Leonard Part 6''. Although Cosby himself was producer and wrote the story, he realized during production that the film was not going to be what he wanted and publicly denounced it, warning audiences to stay away.
A series for preschoolers, ''Little Bill'', made its debut on Nickelodeon in 1999. The network renewed the popular program in November 2000. In 2001, at an age when many give serious consideration to retirement, Cosby's agenda included the publication of a new book, as well as delivering the commencement addresses at Morris Brown College, Ohio State University, and at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Also that year, he signed a deal with 20th Century Fox to develop a live-action feature film centering on the popular Fat Albert character from his 1970s cartoon series. ''Fat Albert'' was released in theaters in December 2004. In May 2007 he spoke at the Commencement of High Point University.
In the summer of 2009, Cosby hosted a comedy gala at Montreal's Just for Laughs comedy festival, the world's largest.
Cosby met his wife Camille Hanks Cosby while he was performing stand-up in Washington, D.C., in the early 1960s, and she was a student at the University of Maryland. They married on January 25, 1964, and had five children: daughters Erika Ranee (b. 1965), Erinn Chalene (b. 1966), Ensa Camille (b. 1973), and Evin Harrah (b. 1976), and son Ennis William (1969–1997). His son Ennis was shot dead while changing a flat tire on the side of Interstate 405 in Los Angeles on January 16, 1997.
Bill Cosby is an active alumnus supporter of his alma mater, Temple University, and in particular its men's basketball team, whose games Cosby frequently attends.
Cosby is a devoted fan of the Philadelphia Eagles. In 2002, when both the Eagles' starting and backup quarterbacks were injured, Cosby sent a letter to head coach Andy Reid, joking that he was ready to play if needed.
Cosby also attends many public events, such as the 100th Millrose Games at Madison Square Garden in New York on February 2, 2007. His love for track and field athletics has also been shown with his long time sponsorship, and on-track work with the Penn Relays. For many years, Cosby has been known to work the finish line at Franklin Field and congratulate athletes.
Cosby maintains homes in Shelburne, Massachusetts, and Cheltenham, Pennsylvania.
During the 2009 NFL Draft, he celebrated the draft with former Texas Longhorns' wide receiver Quan Cosby as a means of support, though the two are not related. He even wore a Temple University helmet and jersey.
Bill Cosby has hosted the Los Angeles Playboy Jazz Festival since 1979. An avid musician, he's best known as a jazz drummer although he can be seen playing bass guitar with Jerry Lewis and Sammy Davis Jr. on Hugh Hefner's 1970s talk show. His story "The Regular Way" was featured in Playboy's December 1968 issue.
In "Pound Cake," Cosby, who holds a doctorate in education, asked that African American parents begin teaching their children better morals at a younger age. Cosby told the ''Washington Times'', "Parenting needs to come to the forefront. If you need help and you don't know how to parent, we want to be able to reach out and touch" (DeBose, Brian). Richard Leiby of ''The Washington Post'' reported, "Bill Cosby was anything but politically correct in his remarks Monday night at a Constitution Hall bash commemorating the 50th anniversary of the ''Brown v. Board of Education'' decision."
Cosby again came under sharp criticism, and again he was largely unapologetic for his stance when he made similar remarks during a speech in a July 1 meeting commemorating the anniversary of ''Brown v. Board of Education''. During that speech, he admonished blacks for not assisting or concerning themselves with the individuals who are involved with crime or have counter-productive aspirations. He further described those who needed attention as "blacks [who] had forgotten the sacrifices of those in the Civil Rights Movement." The speech was featured in the documentary 500 Years Later which set the speech to cartoon visuals.
Georgetown University sociology professor Michael Eric Dyson wrote a book in 2005 entitled ''Is Bill Cosby Right or Is the Black Middle Class Out of Touch?'' In the book, Dyson wrote that Cosby was overlooking larger social factors that reinforce poverty and associated crime; factors such as deteriorating schools, stagnating wages, dramatic shifts in the economy, offshoring and downsizing, chronic underemployment, and job and capital flight. Dyson suggested Cosby's comments "betray classist, elitist viewpoints rooted in generational warfare."
Cornel West defended Cosby and his remarks, saying, "[H]e's speaking out of great compassion and trying to get folk to get on the right track, 'cause we've got some brothers and sisters who are not doing the right things, just like in times in our own lives, we don't do the right thing. ... He is trying to speak honestly and freely and lovingly, and I think that's a very positive thing.
In a 2008 interview, Cosby mentioned Chicago; Atlanta; Philadelphia; Oakland; Detroit; and Springfield, Massachusetts among the cities where crime was high and young African-American men were being murdered and jailed in disproportionate numbers. Cosby stood his ground against criticism and affirmed that African-American parents were continuing to fail to inculcate proper standards of moral behavior. Cosby still lectures to black communities (usually at churches) about his frustrations with certain problems prevalent in underprivileged urban communities such as taking part in illegal drugs, teenage pregnancy, Black Entertainment Television, high school dropouts, anti-intellectualism, gangsta rap, vulgarity, thievery, offensive clothing, vanity, parental alienation, single-parenting and failing to live up to the ideals of Frederick Douglass, Martin Luther King, Jr. and the African- American ancestors that preceded Generation X. Cosby criticizes those African Americans who associate his ideals with race treachery.
Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Virginia Commonwealth University, December 5, 2008. Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Carnegie Mellon University, May 20, 2007; he was also the keynote speaker for the commencement ceremony. Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music, May 8, 2004. Cosby was also the host of the school's 60th Anniversary Concert in January 2006. Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Baylor University, September 4, 2003, at the "Spirit Rally" for the Baylor and Central Texas communities. Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Yale University, May 26, 2003.
Year | Single | Chart Positions | |
!width="50" | !width="50" | ||
1967 | 4 | 18 | |
1970 | "Grover Henson Feels Forgotten" | 70 | — |
"I Luv Myself Better Than I Luv Myself" | — | 59 | |
"Yes, Yes, Yes" | 46 | 11 |
;General References:
Category:1937 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Category:African American comedians Category:African American television actors Category:American activists Category:American film actors Category:American game show hosts Category:American football running backs Category:American stand-up comedians Category:American voice actors Category:Daytime Emmy Award winners Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Warner Bros. Records artists Category:MCA Records artists Category:Capitol Records artists Category:Motown artists Category:Geffen Records artists Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (television) winners Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Pennsylvania Democrats Category:Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Category:Temple Owls football players Category:Temple University alumni Category:United States Navy sailors Category:University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni Category:Spingarn Medal winners
ar:بيل كوسبي bg:Бил Козби cs:Bill Cosby cy:Bill Cosby da:Bill Cosby de:Bill Cosby es:Bill Cosby fa:بیل کازبی fr:Bill Cosby ko:빌 코스비 hr:Bill Cosby id:Bill Cosby it:Bill Cosby he:ביל קוסבי nl:Bill Cosby ja:ビル・コスビー no:Bill Cosby pl:Bill Cosby pt:Bill Cosby ro:Bill Cosby ru:Косби, Билл simple:Bill Cosby sk:Bill Cosby sl:Bill Cosby sh:Bill Cosby fi:Bill Cosby sv:Bill Cosby tr:Bill Cosby uk:Білл Косбі yo:Bill CosbyThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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