name	Eurythmics
background	group_or_band
origin	London, England
genre	Synthpop New Wave Pop rock
years active	1980–1990, 1999–2005
label	RCA, Arista
associated acts	The Catch, The Tourists
past members	Annie LennoxDavid A. Stewart }}

Eurythmics are a British pop rock duo, formed in 1980, currently disbanded, but known to reunite from time to time. Consisting of members Annie Lennox and David A. Stewart (both previously in the bands The Catch and The Tourists), the duo released their first album in 1981 to little fanfare, but went on to achieve global success with their second album ''Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)'', released in 1983. The title track was a worldwide hit, topping the chart in various countries including the U.S.

Eurythmics went on to release a string of hit singles and albums before they split in 1990. By this time, Stewart had already embarked on a parallel music career and was also a sought-after record producer, while Lennox began a solo recording career in 1992 with her debut album ''Diva''. After almost a decade apart, Eurythmics reformed in the late 1990s to record their ninth album, ''Peace'' which was released in late 1999. They reunited again in 2005 to release the single "I've Got a Life", as part of a new Eurythmics compilation album, ''Ultimate Collection''.

History

1976–1982: Formation and ''In the Garden''

Lennox and Stewart met in 1975 in a restaurant in London, where Lennox worked at that time. They first played together in 1976 in the punk rock band The Catch. After releasing one single as The Catch in 1977, the band evolved into The Tourists. Stewart and Lennox were also romantically involved. The Tourists achieved modest commercial success, but the experience was reportedly an unhappy one. Personal and musical tensions existed within the group, whose main songwriter was Peet Coombes, and legal wranglings happened with the band's management, publishers and record labels. Lennox and Stewart felt the fixed band line-up was an inadequate vehicle to explore their experimental creative leanings and decided their next project should be much more flexible and free from artistic compromise. They were interested in creating pop music, but wanted freedom to experiment with electronics and the avant-garde. Calling themselves Eurythmics (after a style of Greek dance called "Eurhythmics" that Lennox had encountered as a child), they decided to keep themselves as the only permanent members and songwriters, and involve others in the collaboration "on the basis of mutual compatibility and availability." The duo signed to RCA Records. At this time, Lennox and Stewart also decided to discontinue their romantic relationship. During the period that Lennox and Stewart were in The Tourists, and later as Eurythmics, they were managed by Kenny Smith and Sandra Turnbull of Hyper Kinetics Ltd.

They recorded their first album in Cologne with Conny Plank (who had produced the later Tourists sessions). This resulted in the album ''In the Garden'', released in October 1981. The album mixed psychedelic, krautrock and electropop influences, and featured contributions from Holger Czukay and Jaki Liebezeit (of Can), drummer Clem Burke (of Blondie), Robert Görl (of Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft), and flautist Tim Wheater. A couple of the songs were co-written by guitarist Roger Pomphrey (now a TV director). The album received an indifferent critical reception and was not a commercial success (though the debut single "Never Gonna Cry Again" made the UK charts at #63). Lennox and Stewart then activated their new Eurythmics mode of operation by touring the record as a duo, accompanied by backing tracks and electronics, carted around the country themselves in a horse-box.

During 1982 the duo retreated to Chalk Farm in London, and used a bank loan to establish a small 8-track studio above a picture framing factory, giving them freedom to record without having to pay expensive studio fees. They began to employ much more electronics in their music, collaborating with Raynard Faulkner and Adam Williams, recording many tracks in the studio and playing live using various line-up permutations. However, the three new singles they released that year ("This Is the House", "The Walk" and "Love Is a Stranger") all performed badly on initial release in the UK. Although their mode of operation had given them the creative freedom they desired, commercial success was still eluding them, and the responsibility of running so many of their affairs personally (down to transporting their own stage equipment) took its toll on both of them. Lennox apparently suffered at least one nervous breakdown during this period, while Stewart was hospitalised with a collapsed lung.

1983–1984: ''Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)'' and ''Touch''

Eurythmics' commercial breakthrough came with their second album, ''Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)'', released in January 1983. The successful title track featured a dark and powerful sequenced synth bass line and a dramatic video that introduced the now orange crew-cut Lennox to audiences. The song reached no.2 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming one of the year's biggest sellers, and later topped the US charts. The band's fortunes changed immensely from this moment on, and Lennox quickly became a pop icon, gracing the covers of numerous magazines including ''Rolling Stone''. Their previous single, "Love Is a Stranger", was also re-released and became another chart success. The video for the song saw Lennox in many different character guises, a concept she would employ in various subsequent videos. The album's working title was ''Invisible Hands'' (as was a track left off the album), inspiring the name of UK independent company Invisible Hands Music - known for releasing music by Hugh Cornwell, Mick Karn and Hazel O'Connor. The album also featured a cover of the 1968 Sam & Dave hit "Wrap It Up", performed as a duet between Lennox and Green Gartside of Scritti Politti.

The duo quickly recorded a follow-up album, ''Touch'', which was released in November 1983. It became the duo's first no.1 album in the UK, and also spawned three major hit singles. "Who's That Girl?" was a top 3 hit in the UK, the video depicting Lennox as both a blonde chanteuse and as a gender-bending Elvis Presley clone. It also featured cameo appearances by Hazel O'Connor, Bananarama (including Stewart's future wife, Siobhan Fahey), Kate Garner of Haysi Fantayzee, Thereza Bazar of Dollar, Jay Aston and Cheryl Baker of Bucks Fizz, Kiki Dee, Jacquie O'Sullivan and the gender-bending pop singer Marilyn, who would go on to musical success of his own that same year. The upbeat, calypso-flavoured "Right by Your Side" showed a different side of Eurythmics altogether and also made the Top 10, and "Here Comes the Rain Again" (number eight in the UK, number four in the U.S.) was an orchestral/synth ballad (with orchestrations by Michael Kamen).

In 1984 RCA released ''Touch Dance'', a mini-album of remixes of four of the tracks from ''Touch'', aimed at the club market. The remixes were by prominent New York producers Francois Kevorkian and John "Jellybean" Benitez. Also released in 1984 was Eurythmics' soundtrack album ''1984 (For the Love of Big Brother)''. Virgin Films had contracted the band to provide a soundtrack for Michael Radford's modern film adaptation of George Orwell's ''Nineteen Eighty-Four''. However, Radford later said that the music had been "foisted" on his film against his wishes, and that Virgin had replaced most of Dominic Muldowney's original orchestral score with the Eurythmics soundtrack (including the song "Julia", which was heard during the end credits). However, the record was presented as "music derived from the original score of Eurythmics for the Michael Radford film version of Orwell's ''1984''". Eurythmics charged that they had been misled by the film's producers as well, and the album was withdrawn from the market for a period while matters were litigated. The album's first single, "Sexcrime (Nineteen Eighty-Four)", was a top 5 hit in the UK, Australia and across Europe, and a major dance success in the United States, but its supposedly suggestive title (actually taken from the newspeak phrase used in Orwell's book) resulted in many U.S. pop radio stations refusing to play the track.

1985–1986: ''Be Yourself Tonight'' and new musicial direction

The duo's next album, ''Be Yourself Tonight'', was produced in a week in Paris. It showcased much more of a "band style" and a centred sound (with an R&B; influence), with real drums, brass, and much more guitar from Stewart. Almost a dozen other musicians were enlisted, including members of Tom Petty's Heartbreakers, guest harmonica from Stevie Wonder, bass guitar from Dean Garcia, string arrangements by Michael Kamen, and Lennox singing duets with Aretha Franklin and Elvis Costello. It continued the duo's transatlantic chart domination in 1985, and contained four hit singles; "Would I Lie to You?" was a U.S. Billboard top five hit and Australian number one, while "There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)" (featuring Wonder's harmonica contribution) became their first and only UK number one single. "It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)" and the feministic Franklin duet (originally intended for Tina Turner) "Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves" also rode high in the charts.

1986–1989: ''Revenge'', ''Savage'' and ''We Too Are One''

Eurythmics released their next album, ''Revenge'', in 1986. The album continued their move towards a band sound, verging on an AOR-pop/rock sound. Sales continued to be strong in the UK, but were somewhat slower in the U.S., though "Missionary Man" reached number 14 on the U.S. Hot 100 chart and went all the way to No. 1 on the US Album Oriented Rock chart (AOR). ''Revenge'' would eventually certify double Platinum in the UK and Gold in the U.S. The band went on a massive worldwide tour in support of the album, and a live concert video from the Australian leg of the tour was released.

In 1987, Lennox and Stewart released the album ''Savage''. This saw a fairly radical change within the group's sound, being based mainly around programmed samples and drum loops (Lennox would later say that where ''Revenge'' was more of a Stewart album in sound, ''Savage'' was more of a Lennox one). Lyrically the songs showed an even darker, more obsessive side to Lennox's writing. A video album was also made, directed by Sophie Muller, with a video for each song. This was largely a concept piece, following characters portrayed by Lennox, specifically one of a frustrated housewife-turned-vamp (as exemplified in "Beethoven (I Love to Listen To)", a UK top 30 hit). The brazen, sexually charged rocker "I Need a Man" remains a Eurythmics staple, as does "You Have Placed a Chill in My Heart". Much less commercial than the two previous albums, ''Savage'' was mostly ignored in the U.S., although rock radio in more progressive markets supported "I Need a Man". In the duo's native UK however, the album was a top 10 success and was certified Platinum.

In 1989, Eurythmics released the album ''We Too Are One'', which entered the UK album chart at no.1 (their second no.1 album after ''Touch'') and gave the duo four UK Top 30 hit singles. The album was a return to the rock/pop sound of their mid-80s albums and was certified Double Platinum in the UK, but was less successful in the U.S. (although the single "Don't Ask Me Why" grazed the Billboard Top 40). Other singles from the album included "Revival", "The King and Queen of America" and "Angel". The duo also conducted a world tour for the album in late 1989.

1990–1998: Hiatus and solo careers

After strenuous years of touring and recording (Eurythmics had released eight studio albums in eight years), a rift had developed between the duo and Eurythmics disbanded, although no official notice was given. Stewart began writing film soundtracks and had a big international hit in 1990 with the instrumental track "Lily Was Here" (featuring saxophonist Candy Dulfer). The single reached no.6 in the UK and the Top 20 throughout much of Europe, as well as in Australia and the US. He also formed a band called The Spiritual Cowboys, releasing two albums with this group in the early 1990s. Lennox took time off from her career to have a baby and to consider a life after Eurythmics. Accordingly, the duo had very little communication with each other from 1991 to 1998. In 1991, Eurythmics' ''Greatest Hits'' collection was released, entering the UK album chart at #1 and spending a total of 10 weeks at that position, as well as becoming a massive worldwide seller. New remixes of "Sweet Dreams" and "Love Is a Stranger" were also released as singles at this time. During 1993, a live album entitled ''Live 1983–1989'' featuring recordings from various years throughout Eurythmics' career was also released.

In 1992, Lennox released her first solo album, ''Diva''. The album was a critical and popular success, entering the UK album chart at no.1 and achieving quadruple platinum status (more than any Eurythmics studio album had done), as well as producing a string of five hit singles. She followed this up in 1995 with her second album, ''Medusa'', an album of cover versions. It became her second number one album in the UK, reaching double platinum status both there and in the US.

Stewart, meanwhile, released the solo albums ''Greetings from the Gutter'' (1995), and ''Sly-Fi'' (1998), but neither of these albums were commercially successful.

1999–2005: ''Peace'' and ''Ultimate Collection''

In the late 1990s, Eurythmics reunited and recorded a new album, ''Peace'', which was released in 1999. The single "I Saved the World Today" reached number 11 in the UK singles charts, and a remix of "17 Again" gave the duo their first chart-topper on the U.S. Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. The band also embarked on a world tour, dubbed the "Peacetour", to support the album. The tour started on 18 September 1999 at Cologne's Kölnarena and ended on 6 December 1999 at the London Docklands Arena (which was filmed and released on video and DVD). All proceeds from the tour went to Greenpeace and Amnesty International. The year 2000 saw numerous European festival appearances by Eurythmics (at Germany's Rock am Ring, among others). In 2001, Stewart performed with U2 for the America: A Tribute to Heroes benefit concert. In 2002, he collaborated with Bryan Ferry on his album ''Frantic''.

In June 2003, Lennox released her third solo album, entitled ''Bare'', which was a top 5 hit in the UK and the US, with three tracks reaching the top of the US Billboard [[Hot Dance Club Songs| Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart]]. She also recorded the song "Into the West" for Peter Jackson's film ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'', where it appeared as the closing theme and earned Lennox the Academy Award for Best Song. In November 2003, Eurythmics played three songs at the 46664 in Cape Town, South Africa, for which Stewart was one of the primary organisers. They played an unplugged version of "Here Comes the Rain Again", "7 Seconds" with Youssou N'Dour and "Sweet Dreams". Stewart collaborated with The Rolling Stones vocalist Mick Jagger on the soundtrack to the movie ''Alfie'', released in 2004, including the critically acclaimed "Old Habits Die Hard", which won a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song from a Motion Picture.

On 7 November 2005, Eurythmics released ''Ultimate Collection'', a remastered greatest hits package with two new songs. One of them, "I've Got a Life", was released as a single and reached no.14 on the UK singles chart as well as spending three consecutive weeks at number 1 on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play in the US. Lennox and Stewart appeared on a number of TV shows to promote their new compilation album, which was a Top 5 hit and certified Platinum in the UK. On 14 November 2005, the duo's label, RCA, re-released their eight studio albums in remastered and expanded editions featuring rare B-sides, remixes and unreleased songs. The remasters were made available separately with expanded artwork, and also together in a collector's box set, entitled ''Boxed''. However, the 1984 soundtrack album ''1984 (For the Love of Big Brother)'' was not included in this re-release campaign as Virgin Records holds the rights to that album. Also in 2005, Eurythmics were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame. In 2007, Lennox resumed her solo career with her fourth album, ''Songs of Mass Destruction'', which was a top 10 success in the UK and the US. In 2009, she released her first solo "greatest hits" package, ''The Annie Lennox Collection''. The same year, Lennox stated that although she and Stewart remain friends, she does not foresee any further Eurythmics projects in the future.

Discography

Studio albums

1981: ''In the Garden''

1983: ''Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)''

1983: ''Touch''

1984: ''1984 (For the Love of Big Brother)''

1985: ''Be Yourself Tonight''

1986: ''Revenge''

1987: ''Savage''

1989: ''We Too Are One''

1999: ''Peace''

Compilations and other albums

1984: ''Touch Dance''

1991: ''Greatest Hits''

1993: ''Live 1983–1989''

2005: ''Ultimate Collection''

Videography

1983: ''Sweet Dreams (The Video Album)''

1987: ''Live''

1988: ''Savage''

1990: ''We Two Are One Too''

1991: ''Greatest Hits''

2000: ''Peacetour''

2005: ''Ultimate Collection''

Tours

1983: Sweet Dreams Tour

1983-1984: Touch Tour

1986-1987: Revenge Tour

1989: Revival Tour

1999: Peace Tour

Awards

1984: Ivor Novello Award - Songwriters of the Year

1984: MTV Video Music Awards - Best New Artist for "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)"

1987: Grammy Award - Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "Missionary Man"

1987: Ivor Novello Award - Songwriters of the Year

1987: Ivor Novello Award - Best Contemporary Song for "It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)"

1999: Brit Award - Outstanding Contribution to British Music

2000: Silver Clef Award

2000: ASCAP Award for "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)"

2003: Kindred Spirit Music Award

2008: ASCAP Award for "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)"

2009: ASCAP Award for "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)"

2010: ASCAP Award for "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)"

References

External links

The Official Annie Lennox site

The Official Dave Stewart site

Category:Annie Lennox Category:BRIT Award winners Category:British musical duos Category:British New Wave musical groups Category:Electronic music duos Category:English dance music groups Category:English electronic music groups Category:English pop music groups Category:English rock music groups Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2005 Category:Musical groups established in 1980 Category:Musical groups reestablished in 1999 Category:RCA Records artists Category:Synthpop groups

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