Group | Cree''nēhilaw'' |
---|---|
Poptime | over 200,000 |
Popplace | Canada, United States |
Languages | Cree, English, French |
Related | Métis, Oji-Cree, Ojibwe, Innu }} |
In the United States, this Algonquian-speaking people lived historically from Lake Superior westward. Today, they live mostly in Montana, where they share a reservation with the Ojibwe (Chippewa).
The documented westward migration over historic time has been strongly associated with their roles as middle men and hunters in the North American Fur Trade.
# ''Naskapi'' (Innu) and # ''Montagnais'' (Innu) are inhabitants of an area they refer to as Nitassinan. Their territories comprise most of the present-day political jurisdictions of eastern Quebec and Labrador. Their cultures are differentiated, as the Naskapi are still caribou hunters and more nomadic than the Montagnais, but the Montagnais have more settlements. The total population of the two groups in 2003 was about 18,000 people, of which 15,000 lived in Quebec. Their dialects and languages are the most distinct from the Cree spoken by the groups west of Lake Superior. # ''Attikamekw'' are inhabitants of the area they refer to as Nitaskinan (Our Land), in the upper St. Maurice River valley of Quebec (about 300 km north of Montreal). Their population is around 4,500. # James Bay Cree - Grand Council of the Crees; approximately 16,357 Cree (''Iyyu'' in Coastal Dialect / ''Iynu'' in Inland Dialect) of the James Bay and Nunavik regions of Northern Quebec. # Moose Cree - Moose Factory in the Cochrane District, Ontario; this group lives on Moose Factory Island, near the mouth of the Moose River, at the southern end of James Bay. # Swampy Cree - this group lives in northern Manitoba along the Hudson Bay coast and adjacent inland areas to the south and west, and in Ontario along the coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay. Some also in eastern Saskatchewan around Cumberland House. It has 4,500 speakers. # Woods Cree group in northern Alberta and Saskatchewan. # Plains Cree 34,000 people in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Montana.
Collectively the Cree used the autonym ''Nēhilawē'' (those who speak our language). They used "Cree" to refer to their people only when speaking the languages of the European colonists, French or English.
Skilled American bison hunters and horsemen, the Plains Cree were allied with the ''Assiniboine'' and the ''Saulteaux'' before they encountered French settlers in the 18th century.
The two major groups: Nehiyaw and Innu, speak a mutually intelligible, Cree dialect continuum, which can be divided by many criteria. In a dialect continuum, "It is not so much a language, as a chain of dialects, where speakers from one community can very easily understand their neighbours, but a Plains Cree speaker from Alberta would find a Québec Cree speaker difficult to speak to without practice."
One major division between the groups is that the Eastern group palatalizes the sound to either (c) or to (č) when it precedes front vowels. There is also a major difference in grammatical vocabulary (particles) between the groups. Within both groups, another set of variations has arisen around the pronunciation of the Proto-Algonquian phoneme *l, which can be realized as or (th) by different groups. Yet in other dialects, the distinction between (ē) and (ī) has been lost, merging to the latter. In more western dialects, the distinction between and (š) has been lost, both merging to the former.
If the consonants and * used in Cree are compared to their English counterparts, it is noticeable that there is little distinction of voicing. In English, voicing marks the difference of meaning in words such as "bin : pin". Since there is not distinction of voicing in Cree, it is common for variants of to sound more like without any difference in meaning.
The Métis (from French Métis - any person of mixed ancestry) are people of mixed ancestry, such as Nehiyaw (or Anishinaabe) and French, English, or Scottish heritage. According to Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the Métis were historically the children of French fur traders and Nehiyaw women or, from unions of English or Scottish traders and northern Dene women (Anglo-Métis). Generally in academic circles, the term Métis can be used to refer to any combination of persons of mixed Native American and European heritage, although historical definitions for Métis remain. Canada's Indian and Northern Affairs broadly define Métis as those persons of mixed First Nation and European ancestry.
1 Naskapi (''Iyiyiw'' and ''Innu'')
2 Montagnais a Eastern Montagnais (''Innu'')
b Western Montagnais (''Nehilaw'' and ''Ilniw'')
3 Atikamekw (''Nehiraw'')
4 James Bay Cree a Northern James Bay Cree (''Iyiyiw'')
5 Moose Cree (''Mōsonī'' / ''ililī'') Moose Cree First Nation – Moose Factory, Ontario
6 Swampy Cree (''Maškēkowak'' / ''nēhinawak'')
7 Woodland Cree a Rocky Cree (''Asinīskāwiyiniwak'')
b Woods Cree (''Sakāwithiniwak'' / ''nīhithawak'')
8 Plains Cree (''Paskwāwiyiniwak'' / ''nēhiyawak'') a Downstream People (''Māmihkiyiniwak'')
i Calling River / Qu'Appelle Cree (''Kātēpwēwi-sīpīwiyiniwak'')
ii Rabbit skins (''Wāpošwayānak'')
iii Touchwood Hills Cree (''Pasākanacīwiyiniwak'')(also Saulteaux) – Punnichy, Saskatchewan
iv Cree-Assiniboine / Young Dogs (''Nēhiyawi-pwātak'')
b Upstream People (''Natimiyininiwak'')
i Beaver Hills Cree (''Amiskwacīwiyiniwak'')
ii House Cree (''wāskahikaniwiyiniwak'')
iii Parklands Cree / Willow Cree (''Paskokopāwiyiniwak'')
iv River Cree (''Sīpīwininiwak'')
v Northern Plains Cree / Western Woodland Cree / Bush Cree (''Sakāwiyiniwak'')
Category:First Nations in the Northwest Territories Category:First Nations in Alberta Category:First Nations in Saskatchewan Category:First Nations in Manitoba Category:First Nations in Ontario Category:First Nations in Quebec Category:Native American tribes Category:First Nations in British Columbia Category:Algonquian peoples
ar:كري bar:Kri bs:Cree ca:Cree cy:Cree de:Cree es:Cree eo:Krioj eu:Cree etnia fr:Cris gl:Cree hr:Cree is:Cree it:Cree mg:Cree nl:Cree (volk) cr:ᐃᔨᔫᒡ ja:クリー oc:Cree nds:Cree pl:Kri pt:Cree ru:Кри (народ) sh:Kri fi:Creet sv:Cree uk:КріThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
name | Akina Shirt |
---|---|
birth name | Akina Dayle Shirt |
birth date | January 18, 1994 |
birth place | Edmonton, Alberta |
nationality | Cree |
field | Vocals |
awards | }} |
Shirt also recorded a five-song CD for Alberta Education in 2006 as part of their new social studies curriculum, launched in June 2007. She has performed at the Francis Winspear Centre for Music, Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium, the Jack Singer Concert Hall in Calgary as well as other venues.
Category:1994 births Category:People from Edmonton Category:First Nations musicians Category:Canadian child singers Category:Canadian female singers Category:Living people Category:Cree people
fr:Akina Shirt
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
name | Rudy La Scala |
---|---|
background | solo_singer |
birth name | Rudy La Scala |
alias | Flavio (1971-1974) |
birth date | January 20, 1954 |
origin | Rocca di Papa, Rome, Italy |
genre | Pop, rock |
occupation | Singer-songwriter, record producer |
label | Sonotone |
associated acts | María Conchita Alonso, Karina, Kiara, Guillermo Dávila, Los Chamos |
website | www.rudylascala.com }} |
As a performer, La Scala reached the top of the ''Billboard'' Top Latin Songs chart twice with "El Cariño Es Como Una Flor" and "Por Qué Será" in the 1990s. He is the only record producer with 12 platinum and nine gold certified albums in Venezuela. He also performed the theme song of the Venezuelan soap opera ''Cristal'' among others.
In 1979, La Scala along with Cuban-Venezuelan singer María Conchita Alonso in the lead vocals formed Ambar, a disco music duo. They recorded ''Love Maniac'', and the song "It's Time to Dance" became a hit, earning them a Gold album in Venezuela.
In 1986, La Scala produced the best-selling Venezuelan album in history, ''Amor a Millón'', for the singer Karina. The album yielded two singles that reached the Top 20 in the ''Billboard'' Top Latin Songs chart, "Sé Como Duele" (#12), and "A Quién" (#19). La Scala was awarded with the Songwriter of the Year award for the single "Sé Como Duele".
La Scala also wrote "Sin Pensarlo 2 Veces" for Guillermo Dávila and "Que Bello" for the singer Kiara. Both singles became successful, as did their duet "Tesoro Mío", which peaked at number three in the Top Latin Songs chart in United States in 1989.
The singer also wrote produced in 1996 an album for Viviana Gibelli. The same year he released the song "Cuando Mi Amada Me Ama", from the album ''Sentimientos''. The following year the album ''En Cuerpo y Alma'' hit the record stores.
The singer is also known for his work writing jingles for Paper Mate, Korn Flakes, Lee, Banco Exterior, Cachet, Ke, and Kraft.
Category:1954 births Category:Living people Category:People from Lazio Category:Record producers Category:Venezuelan male singers Category:Venezuelan pop singers
es:Rudy La Scala pt:Rudy la ScalaThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
name | Cree Summer |
---|---|
background | solo_singer |
birth name | Cree Summer Francks |
other names | Cree Summer |
born | July 07, 1969 |
origin | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
instrument | Vocals |
genre | Rock, alternative |
occupation | Singer-songwriter, actress, voice actress |
years active | 1983–present |
label | A&M; RecordsWork Records |
associated acts | Subject to Change, Lenny Kravitz |
website | }} |
Cree Summer Francks (born July 7, 1969), best known as Cree Summer, is an Afro-Canadian Aboriginal and German-Canadian actress, musician and voice actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as college student Winifred "Freddie" Brooks on the NBC sitcom ''A Different World''. As a voice actress Summer is best known for voicing Penny in ''Inspector Gadget'' during Season 1, Elmyra Duff in ''Tiny Toon Adventures'', Susie Carmichael on ''Rugrats and All Grown Up'', Princess Kida in ''Atlantis: The Lost Empire'', Valerie Gray in ''Danny Phantom'', Foxxy Love in ''Drawn Together'', Numbuh 5 and Cree Lincoln in ''Codename: Kids Next Door'', and Cleo the Poodle in ''Clifford the Big Red Dog''.
Audiences finally had a chance to put Summer's voice to a face when she was cast as the freespirited Winifred "Freddie" Brooks in ''The Cosby Show'' spin-off ''A Different World''. She remained a regular cast member of the show from 1988 through its end in 1993.
During the run of ''A Different World'', Summer continued working in voice acting. She was cast in the short-lived television series ''Sweet Justice'' in 1994 until its cancellation in 1995. Barring guest appearances on other live-action television shows such as ''Living Single'' Summer's professional work since has been limited to voice acting.
At the start of the series' third season in 1988, the cartoon series Slimer! and the Real Ghostbusters episodes were expanded from their original half-hour format to last an hour, and the overall feel of the show was changed to be more youthful, with episodes having a lighter tone to be less frightening (even switching artistic styles from more serious to less). During the less serious segments, Cree voiced the sweet and helpful Chilly Cooper, neighborhood ice-cream woman and innocent love interest of Slimer.
In all, Summer has voiced over 100 animated characters between 1983 and 2006. These have spanned the realm of video games, cartoon television series, animated films and commercials. Among her most famous roles was in ''Inspector Gadget'' (Season 1) as Penny (a role she reprised in the ''Robot Chicken'' episode "Adoption's an Option"), ''Tiny Toon Adventures'' (1990) as Elmyra Duff (which she reprised for ''Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain'') and Mary Melody, Aka Pella in ''Histeria!'', Susie Carmichael in ''Rugrats'' and its spin-off ''All Grown Up!'', Cleo the Poodle in ''Clifford the Big Red Dog'', Foxxy Love in Drawn Together, Dulcy the dragon in ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', Princess 'Kida' Kidagakash for Disney's ''Atlantis: The Lost Empire'', Valerie Gray in ''Danny Phantom'' (2004), Numbuh 5 (Abigail Lincoln) and Cree Lincoln in ''Codename: Kids Next Door,'' Penelope in ''Barbie As Rapunzel'' and Miranda from ''As Told by Ginger'', Tiff on ''My Life as a Teenage Robot'', octogenerian villain Granny May on ''WordGirl'' and Blackarachnia in Transformers Animated (2008).
In the first season ''Drawn Together'' DVD commentary she stated that she was originally hired to do the voice of Meg Griffin on FOX's animated series ''Family Guy'', but was fired by the producers.
Summer is a frequent co-star of Canadian-American actress Tara Strong: the two are childhood friends, both having grown up in Toronto, Ontario.
Summer recorded a song titled "Savior Self" for which she directed a music video co-starring Zoe Kravitz, daughter of actress Lisa Bonet and rocker Lenny Kravitz. The video was screened online, but the track was never made available commercially, nor was it distributed to radio.
A number of Summer's portrayed characters (animated or otherwise) are singers or sing songs within the soundtrack of a show. The character of Susie in ''All Grown Up!'' was portrayed as a singer with real talent, allowing Summer to sing in the role. Cree Summer also sings the opening theme song for All Grown Up! The character of Foxxy Love in ''Drawn Together'' was a singer, with songs like "La-La-Labia", Numbuh 5 from Codename: Kids Next Door sang a Lullaby to lull babies to sleep. Elmyra Duff as she sang in many times on the show of Tiny Toon Adventures. She co-performed lead vocals in the song "Cool Kitty" with Tara Strong, which accompanied a cartoon called ''Class of 3000'', directed and written for Cartoon Network by André 3000.
Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:African American actors Category:African American singers Category:American female singers Category:American rock singers Category:American voice actors Category:American child actors Category:American child singers Category:Black Canadian actors Category:Black Canadian musicians Category:American people of Canadian descent Category:Canadian pop singers Category:Canadian rock singers Category:Canadian female singers Category:Canadian television actors Category:Canadian voice actors Category:Canadian child actors Category:Canadian child singers Category:Cree people Category:Female rock singers Category:First Nations actors Category:First Nations musicians Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:Actors from Saskatchewan
de:Cree Summer fr:Cree Summer ja:クリー・サマー fi:Cree SummerThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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