A sect is a group with distinctive religious, political or philosophical beliefs. Although in past it was mostly used to refer to religious groups, it has since expanded and in modern culture can refer to any organization that breaks away from a larger one to follow a different set of rules and principles. The term is occasionally used in a malicious way to suggest the broken-off group follows a more negative path than the original. The historical usage of the term sect in Christendom has had pejorative connotations, referring to a group or movement with heretical beliefs or practices that deviate from those of groups considered orthodox.
A sect as used in an Indian context refers to an organized tradition.
Sectarianism is sometimes defined in the sociology of religion as a worldview that emphasizes the unique legitimacy of believers' creed and practices and that heightens tension with the larger society by engaging in boundary-maintaining practices.
A religious or political cult, by contrast, also has a high degree of tension with the surrounding society, but its beliefs are, within the context of that society, new and innovative. Whereas the cult is able to enforce its norms and ideas against members, a sect normally doesn't strictly have "members" with definite obligations, only followers, sympathisers, supporters or believers. A sect may also have members which choose to leave later, which is allowed whereas a cult uses any means necessary to keep its members (including coercion).
Mass-based socialist, social-democratic, labor and communist parties often had their historical origin in utopian sects, and also subsequently produced many sects, which split off from the mass party. In particular, the communist parties from 1919 experienced numerous splits; some of them, it is argued, were sects from their foundation.
One of the main factors that seems to produce political sects is the rigid continued adherence to a doctrine or idea after its time has passed, or after it has ceased to have clear applicability to a changing reality.
The English sociologist Roy Wallis argues that a sect is characterized by “epistemological authoritarianism”: sects possess some authoritative locus for the legitimate attribution of heresy. According to Wallis, “sects lay a claim to possess unique and privileged access to the truth or salvation and “their committed adherents typically regard all those outside the confines of the collectivity as 'in error'”. He contrasts this with a cult that he described as characterized by “epistemological individualism” by which he means that “the cult has no clear locus of final authority beyond the individual member.”
Early Christianity started as a Jewish sect.
The ''Sodalitium Christianae Vitae'' started in Lima, Peru, has multiple cases of psychological abuses experienced by youth that were attracted to the movement.
Category:Sociology of religion
ar:طائفة bn:ফেরকা be-x-old:Сэкта bs:Kult bg:Секта ca:Secta cs:Sekta da:Sekt de:Sekte dv:މަޒުހަބު et:Sekt es:Secta eo:Sekto fr:Secte hi:सम्प्रदाय hr:Sekta id:Sekte ia:Secta io:Sekto is:Sértrúarsöfnuður it:Setta lt:Sekta hu:Szekta nl:Sekte ja:セクト no:Sekt pl:Sekta pt:Seita ru:Секта sq:Sekti simple:Sect sk:Sekta sl:Sekta sr:Секта fi:Lahko (uskonto) sv:Sekt uk:СектантствоThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Name | Charlie Sheen |
---|---|
Birth name | Carlos Irwin Estevez |
Birth date | September 03, 1965 |
Birth place | New York City, U.S. |
Occupation | Actor |
Years active | 1974–present |
Spouse | Donna Peele (1995–1996)Denise Richards (2002–2006)Brooke Mueller (2008–2011) |
Parents | Martin Sheen Janet Templeton |
Relatives | Emilio Estevez Ramon Estevez Renée Estevez |
Children | 5 |
Website | }} |
His character roles in films have included Chris Taylor in the 1986 Vietnam War drama ''Platoon'', Jake Kesey in the 1986 film ''The Wraith,'' and Bud Fox in the 1987 film ''Wall Street''. His career has also included more comedic films such as ''Major League'', the ''Hot Shots!'' films, and ''Scary Movie 3'' and ''Scary Movie 4''. On television, Sheen is known for his roles on two sitcoms: as Charlie Crawford on ''Spin City'' and as Charlie Harper on ''Two and a Half Men''. In 2010, Sheen was the highest paid actor on television, earning US$1.8 million per episode of ''Two and a Half Men''.
At Santa Monica High School, he showed an early interest in acting, making amateur Super 8 films with his brother Emilio and school friends Rob Lowe and Sean Penn under his birth name. A few weeks before graduation, Sheen was expelled from school for poor grades and attendance. Deciding to become an actor, he took the stage name Charlie Sheen. His father had adopted it in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J. Sheen.
In 1987, Sheen was cast to portray Ron in the unreleased ''Grizzly II: The Predator'', the sequel to the 1976 low budget horror movie ''Grizzly''. In 1988, he starred in the baseball film ''Eight Men Out'' as outfielder Happy Felsch. Also in 1988, he appeared opposite his brother Emilio in ''Young Guns'' and again in 1990 in ''Men at Work''. In 1989, Sheen, John Fusco, Christopher Cain, Lou Diamond Phillips, Emilio Estévez and Kiefer Sutherland were honored with a Bronze Wrangler for their work on the film ''Young Guns''.
In 1990, he starred alongside his father in ''Cadence'' as a rebellious inmate in a military stockade and with Clint Eastwood in the buddy cop action film ''The Rookie''. The films were directed by Martin Sheen and Eastwood, respectively. In 1992, he starred in ''Beyond the Law'' with Linda Fiorentino and Michael Madsen. In 1994, Sheen was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1997, Sheen wrote his first movie, ''Discovery Mars'', a direct-to-video documentary revolving around the question, "Is There Life on Mars?". The next year, Sheen wrote, produced and starred in the action movie ''No Code of Conduct''.
Sheen appeared in several comedy roles, including the ''Major League'' films, ''Money Talks'', and the spoof ''Hot Shots!'' films. In 1999, Sheen appeared in a pilot for A&E; Network, called ''Sugar Hill'', which was not picked up. In 1999, Sheen played himself in ''Being John Malkovich''. He also appeared in the spoof series ''Scary Movie 3'' and follow up ''Scary Movie 4''.
Sheen appears as Dex Dogtective in the unreleased Lionsgate animated comedy ''Foodfight''.
In 2003, Sheen was cast as Charlie Harper in the CBS sitcom ''Two and a Half Men'', which followed the popular Monday night time slot of ''Everybody Loves Raymond''. Sheen's role on ''Two and a Half Men'' was loosely based on Sheen's bad boy image. The role garnered him an ALMA Award and he gained three Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe award nominations. During his eighth and final season on the show, Sheen earned a record $1.8 million per episode.
CBS and Warner Bros. fired Sheen from ''Two and a Half Men'' on March 7, 2011. He was replaced by Ashton Kutcher. In the aftermath of his dismissal, Sheen remained vocally critical of Chuck Lorre, and filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against Lorre and Warner Bros., which was settled the following September 26. That same month, Sheen, while presenting an award at the Primetime Emmy Awards, addressed "everybody here from ''Two and a Half Men''" and stated, "From the bottom of my heart, I wish you nothing but the best for this upcoming season. We spent eight wonderful years together and I know you will continue to make great television."
In 2011, Sheen set a new Guinness World Record for Twitter as the "Fastest Time to Reach 1 Million Followers" (adding an average of 129,000 new followers per day) as well as the Guinness record for "Highest Paid TV Actor Per Episode – Current" at $1.25 million while he was a part of the cast of ''Two and a Half Men'' sitcom. On March 3, 2011, Charlie Sheen signed with Ad.ly marketing agency specializing in Twitter and Facebook promotions.
On March 10, 2011, Sheen announced a nationwide tour, "My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option", which began in Detroit on April 2. The tour sold out in 18 minutes, a Ticketmaster record. However, on April 1, 2011 the Detroit Free Press featured an article that stated as of March 30 that there were over 1000 tickets available from a third-party reseller, some at 15% less than the cheapest seats sold at the Fox Theater. ''The Huffington Post'' reports Sheen will earn $1 million this year from Twitter endorsements and $7 million from the North American tour. Many of those attending the April 2 performance in Detroit found it disappointing; the subsequent performance in Chicago, which featured some adjustments, received a more positive reception.
Sheen has taken up a new business venture as a partner in a line of electronic cigarettes. The "NicoSheen" product will feature the actor's signature smirk on packages of disposable E-cigarettes and related products.
On August 13, 2011, Sheen appeared as a host at the 12th annual Gathering of the Juggalos. He received a mixed reaction from the audience. Some cheered him, and some booed and threw things at him.
In 1990, Sheen accidentally shot his fiancee, Kelly Preston, in the arm. Preston broke off the engagement soon after.
In the 1990s, Sheen dated a number of adult film actresses, including Ginger Lynn and Heather Hunter.
On September 3, 1995, Sheen married Donna Peele. That same year, Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency operated by Heidi Fleiss. Sheen and Peele divorced in 1996.
On June 15, 2002, two years after they met on the set of the movie ''Good Advice'', Sheen married actress Denise Richards. They have two daughters, Sam and Lola Sheen. In March 2005, Richards filed for divorce, accusing Sheen of alcohol and drug abuse and threats of violence. The divorce was finalized in November 2006 and preceded a custody dispute over their two daughters.
On May 30, 2008, Sheen married Brooke Mueller, who later gave birth to their twin sons, Bob and Max. In November 2010, Sheen filed for divorce. On March 1, 2011, police removed Bob and Max from Sheen's home. Sheen told NBC's ''Today'', "I stayed very calm and focused." According to ''People'', social services took the children after Mueller obtained a restraining order against Sheen. The document said, "I am very concerned that [Sheen] is currently insane." Asked if he would fight for the children, Sheen texted ''People'', "Born ready. Winning." Sheen and Mueller's divorce became final on May 2, 2011.
On March 1, 2011, Sheen was concurrently living with pornographic actress Rachel Oberlin and model and graphic designer Natalie Kenly, whom he collectively nicknamed his "goddesses". Oberlin left Sheen in April 2011, and Kenly left in June 2011.
On December 25, 2009, Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife, Brooke Mueller. He was released the same day from jail after posting an $8,500 bond. Sheen was charged with felony menacing, as well as third-degree assault and criminal mischief. On August 2, 2010, Sheen pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault as part of a plea bargain that included dismissal of the other charges against him. Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in a drug rehab center, 30 days of probation, and 36 hours of anger management.
On October 26, 2010, the police removed Sheen from his suite at the Plaza Hotel after he reportedly caused $7,000 in damage. According to the NYPD, Sheen admitted to drinking and using cocaine the night of the incident. He was released after entering a hospital for observation.
A major donor and supporter of Aid For AIDS since 2006, Sheen was honored with an AFA Angel Award, one of only a few ever given, at the nonprofit's 25th Silver Anniversary Reception in 2009. In addition to his financial support, he has volunteered to act as a celebrity judge for several years for their annual fundraiser, Best In Drag Show, which raises around a quarter of a million dollars each year in Los Angeles for AIDS assistance. He has brought other celebrities to support the event, including his father, actor Martin Sheen. Sheen's interest in AIDS was first reported in 1987 with his support of Ryan White, an Indiana teenager who became a national spokesperson for AIDS awareness after being infected with AIDS through a blood transfusion for his hemophilia.
On March 27, 2008, Sheen and Jenna Elfman co-hosted a New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project charity event.
Sheen is donating one dollar from each ticket sold from his “My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option Show” 2011 tour to the Red Cross Japanese Earthquake Relief Fund.
In 2011, Sheen took on a Twitter challenge by a grieving mother to help critically ill babies born with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia by supporting CHERUBS – The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research, Awareness and Support.
Sheen has since become a prominent advocate of the 9/11 Truth movement. On September 8, 2009, he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks. Presenting his views as a transcript of a fictional encounter with Obama, he was characterized by the press as believing the 9/11 Commission was a whitewash and that the administration of former President George W. Bush may have been responsible for the attacks.
style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year | Film | Role | Notes |
1974 | ''The Execution of Private Slovik'' | Kid at Wedding | ||
1979 | ''Apocalypse Now'' | Extra | ||
''Red Dawn'' | Matt Eckert | |||
''Silence of the Heart'' | Ken Cruze | |||
''The Fourth Wise Man'' | Captain (Herod's Soldiers) | TV-movie | ||
Man Shaving | CBS TV-movie | |||
Bo Richards | ||||
Cappie | ||||
''Ferris Bueller's Day Off'' | Garth Volbeck-Boy in Police Station | |||
Private Chris Taylor | ||||
''The Wraith '' | Jake Kesey | |||
Hamburger Restaurant Manager | Cameo | |||
Bud Fox | ||||
Ted Varrick | ||||
''Three for the Road'' | Paul | |||
Ron | Unreleasedfilmed in 1983 | |||
''Never on Tuesday'' | Thief | Uncredited Cameo | ||
''Eight Men Out'' | ||||
''Young Guns'' | Bronze Wrangler Award | |||
''Tale of Two Sisters'' | Narrator | Also writer (poems) | ||
''Catchfire'' | Bob | Cameo | ||
Pfc. Franklin Fairchild Bean | ||||
''Courage Mountain'' | Peter | |||
Carl Taylor | ||||
Lt. (j.g.) Dale Hawkins | ||||
David Ackerman | ||||
1991 | ''Hot Shots!'' | Lt. Sean Topper Harley | ||
William Patrick Steaner/Daniel "Dan" Saxon/Sid | ||||
''Oliver Stone: Inside Out'' | Himself | Documentary | ||
''National Lampoon's Loaded Weapon 1'' | Gern, Parking Valet | |||
Morgan "Fats" Gripp | ||||
''Hot Shots! Part Deux'' | Lt. Sean Topper Harley | |||
Aramis | ||||
''Charlie Sheen's Stunt Spectacular'' | Himself | TV-movie | ||
Richard 'Ditch' Brodie | ||||
Jackson Davis "Jack" Hammond | Also executive producer | |||
''Major League II'' | Ricky 'Wild Thing' Vaughn | |||
Barbie Loving Bartender | Cameo appearance | |||
''Frame by Frame'' | ||||
''All Dogs Go to Heaven 2'' | Charles B. "Charlie" Barkin | Voice only | ||
Zane Zaminsky | ||||
rowspan="3" | 1997 | ''Money Talks''| | James Russell | |
''Shadow Conspiracy'' | Bobby Bishop | |||
''Bad Day on the Block'' | ||||
rowspan="5" | 1998 | ''Postmortem (1998 film)Postmortem'' || | James McGregor | |
''A Letter from Death Row (film) | A Letter from Death Row'' | |||
''No Code of Conduct'' | Jacob "Jake" Peterson | |||
''Free Money (film) | Free Money'' | Bud Dyerson | ||
''Junket Whore'' | Himself | |||
rowspan="3" | 1999 | ''Lisa Picard is Famous''| | Himself | |
''Five Aces'' | Chris Martin | |||
''Being John Malkovich'' | Himself | |||
2000 | ''Rated X (film)Rated X'' || | Artie Mitchell>Artie Jay "Art" Mitchell | Showtime (TV network)>Showtime TV-movie | |
rowspan="2" | 2001 | ''Good Advice''| | Ryan Edward Turner | |
''Last Party 2000'' | Himself | |||
2002 | ''The Making of Bret Michaels''| | Himself | Documentary | |
2003 | ''Scary Movie 3''| | Tom Logan (character)>Tom Logan | ||
rowspan="2" | 2004 | ''The Big Bounce (2004 film)The Big Bounce'' || | Bob Rogers Jr. | |
''Pauly Shore Is Dead'' | Himself | |||
2005 | ''Guilty Hearts''| | Charlie Sheen | Segment "Spelling Bee" | |
2006 | ''Scary Movie 4''| | Tom Logan (character)>Tom Logan | Uncredited Cameo | |
rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps''| | Bud Fox | Uncredited Cameo |
''Due Date'' | Charlie Harper (Two and a Half Men)>Charlie Harper |
style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year | Film | Role | Notes |
1986 | ''A Life in the Day'' | |||
1989 | ''Comicits''| | Himself | Also producer | |
2003 | ''Deeper Than Deep''| | Chuck Traynor>Charles "Chuck" E. Traynor | ||
2004 | ''Spelling Bee''| | Himself | From ''Guilty Hearts'' |
style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year | Title | Role | Notes |
1986 | Amazing Stories (TV series)>Amazing Stories: Book Three'' | |||
1996 | ''Friends''| | Ryan | Friends (season 2)#ep47>"The One with the Chicken Pox" | |
1999 | ''Sugar Hill (TV pilot)Sugar Hill'' || | Matt | Unsold pilot | |
2000–2002 | ''Spin City''| | Charlie Crawford | Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy (2002) Nominated – ALMA Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Series (2001) Nominated – ALMA Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Series (2002) | |
2003–2011 | ''Two and a Half Men''| | Charlie Harper (Two and a Half Men)>Charlie Harper | ALMA Award for Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Television Series (2008) Nominated – Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Television Actor (2002) Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series (2005) Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy (2005) Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series (2006) Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy (2006) Nominated – Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actor: Comedy (2008) Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series (2008) Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series (2009) | |
2006 | ''Overhaulin'''| | Himself | Episode: "LeMama's Boy" | |
2008 | ''The Big Bang Theory''| | Himself | List of The Big Bang Theory episodes>"The Griffin Equivalency", cameo appearance | |
2009 | ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno''| | Himself | ||
2009 | ''Lopez Tonight''| | Himself | ||
2010 | ''Family Guy''| | Himself | Episode: "Brian Griffin's House of Payne" | |
2011 | ''Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza''| | Himself | Episode 2 (in improv game "Fairy Tale") | |
2011 | ''Comedy Central Roast''| | Himself (Roastee) |
Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century actors Category:21st-century actors Category:Actors from California Category:Actors from New York City Category:American activists Category:American child actors Category:American film actors Category:American people convicted of assault Category:American people of Galician descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (television) winners Category:California Democrats Category:Estevez family Category:People from Santa Monica, California Category:People from Staten Island
ar:تشارلي شين az:Çarli Şin be-x-old:Чарлі Шын bg:Чарли Шийн ca:Charlie Sheen cs:Charlie Sheen co:Charlie Sheen cy:Charlie Sheen da:Charlie Sheen de:Charlie Sheen et:Charlie Sheen es:Charlie Sheen fa:چارلی شین fr:Charlie Sheen ga:Charlie Sheen gl:Charlie Sheen hi:चार्ली शीन hr:Charlie Sheen id:Charlie Sheen it:Charlie Sheen he:צ'ארלי שין kn:ಚಾರ್ಲಿ ಶೀನ್ la:Carolus Sheen lv:Čārlijs Šīns hu:Charlie Sheen mk:Чарли Шин nl:Charlie Sheen ja:チャーリー・シーン no:Charlie Sheen nds:Charlie Sheen pl:Charlie Sheen pt:Charlie Sheen ro:Charlie Sheen ru:Чарли Шин simple:Charlie Sheen sk:Charlie Sheen sr:Чарли Шин sh:Charlie Sheen fi:Charlie Sheen sv:Charlie Sheen tl:Charlie Sheen te:చార్లీ షీన్ th:ชาร์ลี ชีน tr:Charlie Sheen uk:Чарлі Шин zh:查理·辛This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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