The Mount of Olives (also Mount Olivet, , Har HaZeitim ;, Jebel az-Zeitun) is a mountain ridge in East Jerusalem with three peaks running from north to south. The highest, at-Tur, rises to 818 meters (2,683 ft). It is named for the olive groves that once covered its slopes. The Mount of Olives is associated predominantly with Jewish and Christian traditions but also contains several sites important in Islam. The mount has been used as a Jewish cemetery for over 3,000 years and holds approximately 150,000 graves.
From Biblical times until today, Jews have been buried on the Mount of Olives. The necropolis on the southern ridge, the location of the modern village of Silwan, was the burial place of the city's most important citizens in the period of the Biblical kings. There are an estimated 150,000 graves on the Mount, including tombs traditionally associated with Zechariah and Avshalom. On the upper slope, the traditional Tomb of the Prophets Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi is situated. Notable rabbis buried on the mount include Chaim ibn Attar and others from the 15th-century to present.
Roman soldiers from the 10th Legion camped on the Mount during the Siege of Jerusalem in the year 70 CE. The religious ceremony marking the start of a new month was held on the Mount of Olives in the days of the Second Temple. After the destruction of the Temple, Jews celebrated the festival of Sukkot on the Mount of Olives. They made pilgrimages to the Mount of Olives because it was 80 meters higher than the Temple Mount and offered a panoramic view of the Temple site. It became a traditional place for lamenting the Temple's destruction, especially on Tisha B'Av. In the mid-1850s, the villagers of Silwan were paid £100 annually by the Jews in an effort to prevent the desecration of graves on the mount.
During the Islamization of Jerusalem under Jordanian occupation from 1948 to 1967, Jewish burials were halted, massive vandalism took place, and 40,000 of the 50,000 graves were desecrated. King Hussein permitted the construction of the Intercontinental Hotel at the summit of the Mount of Olives together with a road that cut through the cemetery which destroyed hundreds of Jewish graves, some from the First Temple Period. After the Six-Day War, restoration work began, and the cemetery was re-opened for burials.
Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin asked to be buried on the Mount of Olives near the grave of Etzel member Meir Feinstein, rather than Mount Herzl national cemetery.
The biblical designation Har HaMashchit derives from the idol worship there, begun by King Solomon's Moabite and Ammonite wives "on the mountain which is before (east of) Jerusalem" (Kings I 11:17), just outside the limits of the holy city. This site was infamous for idol worship throughout the First Temple period, until king of Judah, Josiah, finally destroyed "the high places that were before Jerusalem, to the right of Har HaMashchit,..."
By the end of 1949, and throughout the Jordanian occupation of the site, some Arab residents uprooted tombstones and plowed the land in the cemeteries and an estimated 38,000 tombstones were damaged in total. During this period, four roads were paved through the cemeteries, in the process destroying graves including those of famous persons. Buildings, including the Seven Arches Hotel (formerly Intercontinental Hotel) and a gas station, were erected on top of ancient graves.
Israel captured East Jerusalem, along with the rest of the West Bank in the 1967 Six-day War and has occupied those territories since. In an act condemned as a violation of international law and ruled null and void by the UN Security Council in UNSC Resolution 478, Israel unilaterally annexed East Jerusalem in 1980.
Category:Cemeteries in Jerusalem Category:Christianity in Israel Category:Mountains of Jerusalem Category:Hebrew Bible mountains Category:Jewish cemeteries in Jerusalem Category:Jewish cemeteries Category:Cemeteries in Israel Category:New Testament places Category:Sacred mountains
ar:جبل الزيتون bg:Елеонски хълм ca:Mont de les Oliveres cs:Olivová hora da:Oliebjerget de:Ölberg (Jerusalem) es:Monte de los Olivos eo:Olivarba monto fr:Mont des Oliviers ga:Cnoc na nOlóg it:Monte degli Ulivi he:הר הזיתים mk:Маслинова гора nl:Olijfberg ja:オリーブ山 no:Oljeberget oc:Mont dels Olius pnb:زیتون دا پعاڑ pl:Góra Oliwna pt:Monte das Oliveiras ru:Елеонская гора sk:Olivový vrch sl:Oljska gora sr:Маслинова гора sh:Maslinova gora fi:Öljymäki sv:Olivberget tr:Zeytindağı (tepe) uk:Оливкова гора vi:Núi Ôliu yi:הר הזיתים zh:橄榄山This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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