Yo-mobil

Manufacturer	Yo-auto
Production	From 2012
Body style	Crossover, hatchback, truck
Engine	Gasoline or natural gas hybrid

yo-mobil coupe

yo-mobil hatchback

yo-mobil truck

The Yo-mobil (Russian: ё-мобиль; IPA: [jɵ mɐˈbʲilʲ]) is a planned hybrid electric car that will be produced by Yo-auto, a Russian company that is a joint venture between SKD truck maker Yarovit and the Onexim investment group.^[1][2][3]

Background[link]

The car was introduced on 13 December 2010 in Moscow, a product of a joint venture between Yarovit, owner of a small assembly plant in St. Petersburg, Russia and the Onexim investment group, headed by Mikhail Prokhorov, who is the leader and financier of the project.^[1][3] Prokhorov planned to invest around €150 million (US$200 million) in a the venture, dubbed Yo-auto.^[1] According to Prokhorov, he intended for the vehicle to "break the stereotype saying Russia can't produce good cars."^[3]

Design[link]

The car will be powered by an engine that can burn both gasoline and natural gas and is connected to a pair of electric motors.^[1] Unlike other hybrid cars, such as the Toyota Prius, the internal-combustion engine directly powers the motors rather than a battery.^[1] It was planned to install a rotary vane type engine, with the pistons moving in a circle, rather than linearly.^[1] However, the inventor of the engine Mikhail Virgiyanov in an open letter to the company refused to continue work on the engine and accused the company of copyright infringement.^[4]

Fuel economy of the car is expected to be around 67 mpg_-US (3.5 L/100 km; 80 mpg_-imp), with a range of 680 miles (1,090 km) and a top speed of 80 mph (130 km/h).^[1] However, no tests were conducted due to the lack of working examples.

Criticism[link]

The project has been criticized by many Russian automotive specialists.^[5] In particular the project and its designers are criticized for:

• Overly ambitious plans for a company that has never designed or produced vehicles of any kind (Yarovit company only did SKD assembly of trucks based on large Terberg components)

• Designing a vehicle around high-tech components most of which do not exist even as experimental machines^[4]

• Dangerously high center of gravity, making it susceptible to roll-over^[6]

• Archaic design, resembling go-carts by its body and mining equipment by the drivetrain^[6]

• Use of capacitors as power storage devices^[7] which have numerous disadvantages and may become dangerous in certain circumstances^[6]

Production and sales[link]

Yo-auto plans to begin producing the car during the second half of 2012,^[8] and aims to sell 10,000 during the first year of production.^[1][3] While it will be initially sold in Russia, Yo-auto plans to sell the vehicle in Europe subject to compliance with European Union regulations.^[3] The cars will be manufactured in a factory near St. Petersburg that will have an estimated annual capacity of 45,000 units. A second factory, to be opened later, is expected to double the annual production rate.^[8]

In late 2011, Vietnamese company TMT and Yo-auto announced plans to develop a line of 2-8 seat cars for the Vietnam market, developed from the Yo-mobil platform.^[9]

2011 concept car[link]

2011 yo-mobil concept car

At the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show, yo-Auto presented a concept yo-mobil with sliding doors. Instead of mirrors, the concept utilized a pair of video cameras for rear view vision.^[10]

References[link]

External links[link]

• yo-mobile club,foto,video
• yo-motor presentation on YouTube
• Yo! for Yo: New hybrid car by Russian magnate in drive for eco future (Russia Today) on YouTube, (Yo! New eco-friendly car could re-energize Russia’s motor market)
• Putin test-drives Russian Yo-mobil hybrid car (Russia Today) on YouTube, (Putin takes Russian hybrid car for a test drive)
• Yo-mobil will take part in Dakar Rally on YouTube
• YAROVIT Motors
• Onexim Group

v t e Automobile manufacturers of states of the former Soviet Union  Russia Avtoframos · Avtotor · AvtoVAZ (GM-AvtoVAZ · Lada · VIS) · DARTZ · Derways · Yo-mobile · GAZ (KAvZ · LiAZ · PAZ · UralAZ) · Izhmash · KaMAZ · Marussia Motors · Moskvitch · NefAZ · SeAZ · Sollers JSC (UAZ · ZMA) · TagAZ  · ZiL  Ukraine Anto-Rus · Bogdan · (LuAZ · Cherkaskyi Avtobus) · Eurocar · Etalon (BAZ · ChAZ  · HalAZ)  · KrASZ · KrAZ · LAZ (DAZ) · Ruta · Stryi-Avto · UkrAVTO (ZAZ · IZAA)  Belarus BelAZ · MAZ · Minsk Tractor Works · MZKT · Neman  Latvia Russo-Balt · RAF  Lithuania KAG  Armenia ErAZ  Georgia KAZ  Azerbaijan Ganja Auto Plant · NAZ · AzSamand  Uzbekistan UzDaewooAuto · GM Uzbekistan · SamAuto  Kazakhstan Azia Avto

Look up mobile, -mobile, or Mobile in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Mobile often refers to:

• Mobile phone, a portable communications device
• Mobile, Alabama, a U.S. port city
• Mobile (sculpture), a hanging artwork (or toy)
• Mobility, the ability to move or be moved
• Mobility of single cell animals (motility)

Mobile may also refer to:

Technology[link]

• Mobile computing, a generic term describing one's ability to use technology in mobile environments

• Mobile device, a computer designed for mobile computing

• Mobile game, a video game played on a mobile phone, smartphone, PDA or handheld computer
• Mobile Magazine, a publication on portable electronics

• Mobile network operator, a company which provides mobile phone network access and services
• Mobile radio, wireless communications systems and devices which are based on radio frequencies
• Mobile rig
• Mobile station, user equipment and software needed for communication with a wireless telephone network
• Mobile Web, the World Wide Web as accessed from mobile devices using Mobile Web Browser
• Mobile TV, TV services viewed via a mobile device.

Places[link]

• Relating to Mobile, Alabama:
  • Battle of Mobile (1781)
  • History of Mobile, Alabama
  • Mobile, Alabama in the American Civil War
  • Port of Mobile
• Relating to Mobile County, Alabama:
  • Battle of Mobile Bay
  • Mobile Bay
  • Mobile River
  • University of Mobile, a private university located in Mobile County, Alabama
• Mobile, Arizona, a small town near Phoenix, U.S.
• Mobile, California
• Mobile, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Entertainment[link]

• Mobile (TV series), a British ITV drama
• Mobile (band), a Canadian rock band
• Mobiles (band), a 1980s synth pop band
• "Mobile (song)", a song by Avril Lavigne from her album Let Go
• Mobile (album), a 1999 album by Brazilian Paulinho Moska
• Mob (computer gaming), short for "mobile", a type of non-player character
• Mobile (GunBound), constructs in the turn-based Internet game
• Mobile weapons, fictional weapon systems from the Gundam anime metaseries
• "Mobile (short story)", a short story by J. G. Ballard, later renamed "Venus Smiles"

See also[link]

• Mabila – an Indian tribe which gave its name to Mobile, Mobile Bay and Mobile River
• Mavilla (disambiguation) or Mauvilla (disambiguation)
• Mobil, a major oil company
• Mobilivre, a travelling library
• Mobile home
• Mobile office
• Operation MOBILE, the Canadian name for the military support of UN Resolution 1973.

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009)

Ice cubes in a glass of iced tea

Ice cubes are small, roughly cube-shaped pieces of ice, conventionally used to cool beverages. Ice cubes are sometimes preferred over crushed ice because they melt more slowly; they are standard in mixed drinks that call for ice, in which case the drink is said to be "on the rocks."

Ice cubes that are crushed or sheared into irregularly-shaped flakes may add an interesting aesthetic effect to some cocktails. Crushed ice is also used when faster cooling is desired, since the rate of cooling is governed by the number and average radius of the ice particles.^[1]

Melting ice cubes sometimes precipitate white flakes, commonly known as "floaties". This is calcium carbonate which is present in many water supplies and is completely harmless.^{[citation needed]}

Origin[link]

Gorrie's ice machine.

American physician and humanitarian John Gorrie built a refrigerator in 1844 with the purpose of cooling air. His refrigerator produced ice which he hung from the ceiling in a basin. Gorrie can be considered the creator of ice cubes, but his aim was not to cool drinks: he used the ice to lower the ambient room temperature. During his time, a dominant idea was that bad air quality caused disease. Therefore, in order to help treat sickness, he pushed for the draining of swamps and the cooling of sickrooms.

Methods of production[link]

Ice cubes are produced domestically by filling an ice cube tray with water and placing it in a freezer. Many freezers also come equipped with an icemaker, which produces ice cubes automatically and stores them in a bin from which they can be dispensed directly into a glass.

Ice cube tray[link]

Ice cubes in a tray

Ice cube trays are designed to be filled with water, then placed in a freezer until the water freezes to ice, producing ice cubes. Trays are often flexible, so the frozen cubes can be easily removed by flexing the tray. Twist ice trays have a simple spring loaded mechanism with a lever that is used to turn the tray upside down and flex at the same time such that the cubes drop are collected in a removable tray below and return the ice cube tray to its upright position without removing it from the freezer which can save time and reduces accidents and mess, though the tray has to be removed to be collected and the ice cube tray still has to be removed to be refilled. An alternative system is an aluminum tray with a lever that raises the ice cubes, freeing them from the tray. A motorized version of this is found in most automatic ice-making freezers.

While the usual shape of the ice 'cube' is roughly cubical, there are trays that dispense hemispherical or cylindrical blocks. These are commonly referred to as ice tubes. Some novelty trays produce blocks of ice in seasonal, festive or other shapes.

The first rubber ice cube tray was invented by Lloyd Groff Copeman. One day in 1928, while walking through some woods collecting sap for maple syrup, Copeman noticed that slush and ice flaked off his rubber boots rather than adhering to them. Having recalled this incident over lunch with his patent attorney, he conducted experiments using rubber cups. Later, he set about designing and then patenting different types of tray: a metal tray with rubber separators, a metal tray with individual rubber cups, and a tray made completely of rubber.^[2]

The first flexible stainless steel, all-metal ice cube tray was created by Guy L. Tinkham in 1933. The tray bent sideways to remove the ice cubes.

Several companies now offer pre-filled disposable ice trays for home freezing, which they claim provide better taste and reduced risk of contamination.^[3]

Large-scale ice cube production[link]

Dedicated ice-maker machines can be used to produce ice cubes for laboratories and academic use. Ice cubes are also produced commercially and sold in bulk; these ice cubes, despite their name, are often cylindrical, and may have holes through the center.

An interesting characteristic of commercially made ice cubes is that they are completely clear, lacking the clouding found in the center of domestically made ice cubes. Cloudy ice cubes result when water is frozen quickly, or when the water is high in dissolved solids. When water is cooled to its freezing point, and ice starts to form, dissolved gases can no longer stay in solution and come out as microscopic bubbles. However, as ice floats in water, once there is enough ice to form a layer on the surface, the ice layer traps all bubbles within the ice cube. Commercial ice-makers use a flowing source of purified water to make ice with cooling elements at the bottom, allowing the bubbles to be washed away from the top as the cube grows.^{[citation needed]}

See also[link]

Listen to this article (info/dl)

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ice cubes

• Ice pack
• Pagophagia
• Refrigeration
• Ice

References[link]

1. ^ Rauch, Jeffrey (1975). "The mathematical theory of crushed ice". Partial differential equations and related topics (Program, Tulane Univ., New Orleans, La., 1974). Berlin, New York (the state): Springer-Verlag. pp. 370–379. MR0427863. 
2. ^ "www.lloydcopeman.com: Biography". http://www.lloydcopeman.com/biography/CopemanStory.pdf. 
3. ^ "After Bottled Water? Purified Ice Cubes". http://www.aquaice.com/PressRelease_WSJ_2006.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-03. 

External links[link]

Look up ice cube in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Hot water can freeze faster than cold water (Subscription required)

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (October 2010)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2010)

Jaswinder Singh Dhami born (1 March 1986),he is better known as his stage name Jaz Dhami, is an international music artist of the Bhangra genre, signed in 2008 to Sanchez Productions Ltd, His debut album JD was released in July 2009, his track ‘Theke-Wali’ became one of the biggest dancefloor songs of 2009.

In December 2010 Jaz Dhami collaborated with GV, in the track "Putt Jatt Da". In January 2011 Jaz Dhami co-produced "Tere Naal" with up and coming producer DJ Harvey, a duet featuring himself and Bollywood Playback singer Jayshree Shivram.

Jaz Dhami is currently working on his second album which is due to be released in 2012.

Early life[link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011)

Jaz Dhami is of Punjabi, Sikh origin, raised in Birmingham, Handsworth. From the age of nine Jaz’s vocal abilities were recognised by his father who was a member of 80’s Bhangra group, Sangam. At the age of 9, Jaz began on his musical journey, undertaking tutorials in Indian classical training by the world renowned Ustad Ajit Singh Mutlashi Ji in Birmingham, England.

In pursuit to further his musical dreams, Jaz traveled to India, in 2000 to Punjab to the roots of Punjabi music to undertake further training from professor Hari Dev Ji in 'Shastri' Sangeet (Indian classical music). In 2001 Jaz Dhami was accepted in the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts where he achieved a Diploma in Popular Music and Sound Technology. To further his knowledge in the realm of music, in 2002 he traveled back to India to accomplish a second degree from [Panjab University, Chandigarh] in Indian classical music.

During his spell in India his musical expertise and talents were recognised and well received by internationally renowned playback singer Jayshree Shivram in Mumbai, who gave Jaz further advanced vocal training, broadening his musical horizons in light music I.e Hindi songs.

Professional Music Career[link]

In 2007 Jaz Dhami was first heard on Aman Hayer Groundshaker 2nd album on the track “Sadi Jind Jaan”, which went onto become an international smash hit.

His debut album JD was released on July 24, 2009, that included number one smash hit Theke Wali that was produced by Aman Hayer. Theke Wali, and tracks Roji Miliye, Tera Mera and Bari Der were video releases off the album.

Community Work[link]

Jaz Dhami is heavily involved in encouraging Asians to get into football. He has worked with The Football Association, Chelsea FC, Aston Villa FC, Liverpool FC as well as grassroots football clubs, on various campaigns. He also supported the Back The Birmingham Bid for the 2018 World Cup Campaign.

Jaz Dhami featured in The Football Association’s "Football Needs" campaign.^[1]

Discography[link]

Albums

• 2008 Groundshaker 2 (featured by: Aman Hayer)
• 2009 JD

Singles

• 2008 Roj Miliye
• 2009 Theke Wali
• 2009 Tera Mera
• 2010 Bari Der
• 2010 Putt Jatt Dha
• 2011 Tere Naal

Awards[link]

• 2009 Best Newcomer UK Asian Music Awards^[2]
• 2009 Best Male, Best Video Theke Walli and UK Bhangra Awards^{[citation needed]}
• 2010 Nominated for Best Album (for JD), Best Desi Act, Best Male Act at UK Asian Music Awards^[3]
• 2010 Best Male, Brit Asia Music Awards^{[citation needed]}
• 2011 Best Desi Act, UK Asian Music Awards^[4]

References[link]

External links[link]

• http://facebook.com/iamjazdhami Official Facebook Page