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1945
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A. K. Faezul Huq
A. K. Faezul Huq () (March 15, 1945 - July 19, 2007) was a Bangladeshi politician, lawyer, and columnist. Huq served as a member of parliament on three occasions, and held various ministerial portfolios including Public Works, Urban Development, Jute, and Textiles since the independence of Bangladesh. He was first elected member of Pakistan National Assembly (MNA) from Banaripara Upazila-Swarupkathi-Nazirpur Upazila constituency on Awami League nomination in 1970. Huq received the International President's Distinction Award for his work.
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A. Peter Dewey
Albert Peter Dewey (1916-September 26, 1945), shot by accident. by Viet Minh troops on September 26, 1945. Dewey was the first American fatality in Vietnam, killed in the early aftermath of World War II.
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Abbas Khattak
Air Chief Marshal Abbas Khattak, NI(M), SBt, (born 16 July 1943), is a retired four star general and air force officer in the Pakistan Air Force who served as the 14th Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force from 8 November 1994 to 7 November 1997. Air Chief Marshal Khattak, a fighter pilot and an aviator of Pakistan's F-16 Fighting Falcons, was a senior member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee of Pakistan
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Addison Randall
Addison Byron Owen Randall (May 12, 1906 in San Fernando, California – July 16, 1945 in Canoga Park, California) was an American film actor, chiefly in Westerns. He often used a pseudonym for his film work, chiefly "Jack Randall", though he also played roles as "Allen Byron" and "Byron Vance".
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Adolf Brand
__NOTOC__
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler from 1934 to 1945.
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Adrienne Barbeau
Adrienne Jo Barbeau (born June 11, 1945) is an American actress, as well as the author of two books. Barbeau came to prominence in the 1970s as Broadway's original Rizzo in the musical Grease, Maude Findlay's (played by Beatrice Arthur) divorced daughter, Carol Traynor, in the sitcom Maude, and in several early 1980s horror and science fiction films. A sex symbol during that era, her more notable film work includes The Fog, Creepshow, Swamp Thing and Escape from New York. During the 1990s, Barbeau became known for providing the voice of Catwoman on and subsequent Batman cartoon series. More recently, she has appeared in the HBO series Carnivàle.
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Ahmad Mahir Pasha
Ahmed Maher Pasha (1888 - February 24, 1945) () was the Prime Minister of Egypt from October 10, 1944 to February 24, 1945. He was a member of the Saadist Institutional Party and was appointed Prime Minister following the removal of Mustafa an-Nahhas Pasha by King Farouk.
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Al Stewart
Al Stewart (born Alastair Ian Stewart, 5 September 1945) is a Scottish singer-songwriter and folk-rock musician.
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Alan Mulally
Alan Roger Mulally (born August 4, 1945) is an American engineer and businessman. He is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of Ford Motor Company.
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Alan Page
Alan Cedric Page (born August 7, 1945 in Canton, Ohio) is a jurist and former professional American football player. He graduated from Canton Central Catholic High School in 1963, received his B.A. in political science from the University of Notre Dame in 1967, and received his J.D. from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1978. Justice Page is particularly notable for the fact that he is both a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame and an Associate Justice with the Minnesota Supreme Court. Justice Page is married to Diane Sims Page and is the father of four children, Nina, Georgi, Justin and Kamie.
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Aleksandra Samusenko
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Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August, 1881 – 11 March, 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mold Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain.
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Alexander Löhr
Alexander Löhr (20 May 1885 – 26 February 1947) was an Austrian Air Force (Österreichische Luftstreitkräfte) commander during the 1930s and, after the "Political Union of Germany and Austria" (Anschluss), he was a German Air Force (Luftwaffe) commander. Löhr served in the Luftwaffe during the Second World War.
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Alexander Patch
General Alexander McCarrell "Sandy" Patch (November 23, 1889 – November 21, 1945) was an officer in the United States Army, best known for his service in World War II. He commanded Army and Marine forces during the invasion of Guadalcanal, and the U.S. Seventh Army in the invasion of southern France (Operation Dragoon).
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Alfred Hershey
Alfred Day Hershey (December 4, 1908 – May 22, 1997) was an American Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist and geneticist.
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Alfred Jodl
Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl (10 May 1890 – 16 October 1946) was a German military commander, attaining the position of Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, or OKW) during World War II, acting as deputy to Wilhelm Keitel. At Nuremberg he was tried, sentenced to death and hanged as a war criminal.
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Alger Hiss
Alger Hiss (November 11, 1904 – November 15, 1996) was an American lawyer, civil servant, businessman, author, and lecturer. He was involved in the establishment of the United Nations both as a U.S. State Department and UN official. Hiss was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950.
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Alla Nazimova
Alla Nazimova (Russian and ; (13 July 1945, born Miriam Edez Adelaida Leventon (, ), was a Russian/American theater and film actress, screenwriter, and producer. She is perhaps best known as simply Nazimova, but also went under the name Alia Nasimoff.
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Anacleto Diaz
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Andrei Y. Vishinsky
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Anne Frank
Annelies Marie "Anne" Frank (; 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt am Main – early March 1945 in Bergen Belsen) is one of the most renowned and most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Acknowledged for the quality of her writing, her diary has become one of the world's most widely read books, and has been the basis for several plays and films.
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Anne Murray
Morna Anne Murray CC, ONS (born June 20, 1945) is a Canadian singer. Murray has performed in pop, country and adult contemporary styles. So far, her albums have sold over 54 million copies.
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Anselm Kiefer
Anselm Kiefer was born on March 8, 1945, in Donaueschingen. He is a German painter and sculptor. He studied with Joseph Beuys during the 1970s. His works incorporate materials such as straw, , clay, lead, and shellac. The poems of Paul Celan have played a role in developing Kiefer's themes of German history and the horror of the Holocaust, as have the theological concepts of Kabbalah.
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Anthony Braxton
Anthony Braxton (born June 4, 1945) is an American composer, saxophonist, clarinettist, flautist, pianist, and philosopher. Braxton has released well over 100 albums since the 1960s. Among the array of instruments he plays are the flute; the sopranino, soprano, C-melody, F mezzo-soprano, E-flat alto, baritone, bass, and contrabass saxophones; and the E-flat, B-flat, and contrabass clarinets.
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Anton Webern
Anton Webern (3 December 1883 – 15 September 1945) was an Austrian composer and conductor. He was a member of the Second Viennese School. As a student and significant follower of Arnold Schoenberg, he became one of the best-known exponents of the twelve-tone technique; in addition, his innovations regarding schematic organization of pitch, rhythm and dynamics were formative in the musical technique later known as total serialism.
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Antonio Villa-Real
Antonio Villa-Real (January 17, 1880 — February 12, 1945) was a Filipino jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
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Art Bell
Arthur W. "Art" Bell, III (born June 17, 1945) is an American broadcaster and author, known primarily as one of the founders and the original host of the paranormal-themed radio program Coast to Coast AM. He also created and formerly hosted its companion show, Dreamland. Semi-retired from Coast to Coast AM since 2003, he hosted the show many weekends for the following four years. He announced his retirement from weekend hosting on July 1, 2007, but occasionally serves as a guest host. He attributed the reason for this latest retirement to a desire to spend time with his new wife and daughter, born May 30, 2007. He added that unlike his previous "retirements," this one will stand, while leaving open the option to return. Classic Bell-hosted episodes of Coast to Coast AM can be heard in some markets on Saturday nights under the name Somewhere in Time.
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Artemio Ricarte
:This is about the Filipino general. For the Philippine Navy ship, see BRP Artemio Ricarte (PS-37).
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Arthur C. Clarke
Sri Lankabhimanya Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, CBE, FRAS (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was a British science fiction author, inventor, and futurist, most famous for the novel , written in parallel with the script for the , co-written with film-director Stanley Kubrick; and as a host and commentator in the British television series Mysterious World. For many years, Robert A. Heinlein, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke were known as the "Big Three" of science fiction.
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Audie Murphy
Audie Leon Murphy (June 20, 1925 – May 28, 1971) was the most decorated American soldier of World War II and a celebrated movie star for over two decades in the post-war era, appearing in 44 films. He also found some success as a country music composer.
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August von Mackensen
Anton Ludwig August von Mackensen (6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), born August Mackensen, was a German soldier and field marshal. He commanded with success during the First World War and became one of the German Empire's most prominent military leaders.
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Aung San Suu Kyi
Aung San Suu Kyi (; ; born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese opposition politician and a former General Secretary of the National League for Democracy. In the 1990 general election, Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy party won 59% of the national votes and 80% (392 of 492) of the seats in Parliament. Some people claim that this implies Suu Kyi was elected Prime Minister. She had, however, already been detained under house arrest before the elections. She has remained under house arrest in Myanmar for almost 14 out of the past 20 years.
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Aurore Clément
Aurore Clément (born October 12, 1945) is a French actress. She has performed in a number of motion pictures in both the French language and the English language as well as in television films and miniseries.
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Azim Premji
Azim Hashim Premji () (born 24 July 1945) is an Indian business tycoon and the chairman of Wipro Limited, a group company that holds Wipro Technologies, one of India's largest software development companies. According to Forbes, he is currently the second richest Indian with a personal wealth of US$17 billion in 2010.. In 2000, he was voted among the 20 most powerful men in the world by Asiaweek. He was also among the 50 richest people in the world from 2001 to 2003 according to Forbes. In April 2004, he was rated among the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine. His assets include 74% of Wipro. Wipro Limited, which dealt in hydrogenated cooking fats along with consumer products, grew from a company of US $2.5 million to a giant of $1.4 billion under Premji's leadership. Wipro Technologies, one of its group companies, is one of India's largest software companies and is ranked among the top 100 technology companies globally. Premji is also often known as the Indian Bill Gates.
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Barbara Carrera
Barbara Carrera (born Barbara Kingsbury on December 31, 1945) is a Nicaraguan-born American film and TV actress as well as a former model. She is best known for her roles as Bond girl Fatima Blush in Never Say Never Again and as Angelica Nero on the television series Dallas.
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Barry Bostwick
Barry Knapp Bostwick (born February 24, 1945) is an American actor and singer. He is arguably best known for playing Brad Majors in the 1975 cult classic The Rocky Horror Picture Show, replacing Peter Scolari as Mr. Tyler in the sitcom What I Like About You, as well as Mayor Randall Winston in the sitcom Spin City. He has also had considerable fame in musical theater.
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Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini KSMOM GCTE (29 July 1883, Predappio, Province of Forlì-Cesena - 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism.
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Bernhard Rust
Dr. Bernhard Rust (30 September 1883 — 8 May 1945) was Minister of Science, Education and National Culture (Reichserziehungsminister) in Nazi Germany. A combination of school administrator and zealous Nazi, he issued decrees, often bizarre, at every level of the German educational system to immerse German youth in the National Socialist philosophy. In later years, he was the director of a national research center that oversaw the use of prisoners for medical experimentation. He committed suicide after the fall of Germany, but his death was not discovered until after the United Nations War Crimes Commission had indicted him for what was described as "human guinea pig" vivisection.
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Bertram Ramsay
Admiral Sir Bertram Home Ramsay KCB, KBE, MVO (20 January 1883 - 2 January 1945) was a British admiral during World War II. He was an important contributor in the field of amphibious warfare.
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Bette Midler
Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is an American singer, actress and comedian, also known (by her informal stage name) as The Divine Miss M. She has starred in live-action films such as Ruthless People, Beaches and Hocus Pocus, as well as featuring in animated films such as Oliver & Company and Fantasia 2000.
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Birendra of Nepal
Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह) (28 December 1945 – 1 June 2001) was a King of Nepal. The son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded in 1972, he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre. He is the most internationally well-known Nepalese king in modern history.
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Björn Ulvaeus
Björn Kristian Ulvaeus (, born 25 April 1945) is a Swedish musician, composer, a former member of the Swedish musical group ABBA (1972–82), and co-composer of the musicals Chess, Kristina från Duvemåla, and Mamma Mia!. He has recently coproduced the film Mamma Mia! with ex-ABBA member and close-friend Benny Andersson. During the last years, Björn Ulvaeus has stepped forward as a frontline critic against the free file sharing of copyrighted material on the internet. He is also a prominent and outspoken member of the International Humanist and Ethical Union's Swedish member organisation Humanisterna.
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Bob Griese
Robert Allen "Bob" Griese (; born February 3, 1945) is a former American collegiate and Professional Football quarterback who earned All-American honors with the Purdue Boilermakers before being drafted in 1967 by the American Football League's Miami Dolphins. Griese led the Dolphins to three consecutive Super Bowl appearances, including two Super Bowl victories (VII and VIII). Griese's talents eventually resulted in his induction to the College Football Hall of Fame and the Indiana Football Hall of Fame in 1984 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1990. He is a television commentator for college football on ESPN on ABC, teaming with Chris Spielman and Dave Pasch.
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Bob Kalsu
James Robert "Bob" Kalsu (April 13, 1945–July 21, 1970) was an All-American tackle at the University of Oklahoma and an eighth-round draft pick by the Buffalo Bills of the American Football League in 1968.
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Bob Kurland
Robert Albert "Bob" Kurland (born December 23, 1924 in St. Louis, Missouri) was a 7-foot basketball center, who played for Henry Iba's Oklahoma A & M Aggies (now Oklahoma State Cowboys) basketball team. He was an integral part of the team's consecutive NCAA titles in 1945 and 1946.
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Bob Marley
Robert Nesta "Bob" Marley (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician. He was the rhythm guitarist and lead singer for the ska, rocksteady and reggae bands The Wailers (1964–1974) and Bob Marley & The Wailers (1974–1981). Marley remains the most widely known and revered performer of reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement to a worldwide audience.
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Bob Seger
Robert Clark "Bob" Seger (born May 6, 1945) is an American rock musician and singer-songwriter.
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Bobby Hutchins
Bobby Hutchins (Robert E. Hutchins) (March 29, 1925 - May 17, 1945) was an American child actor who was a regular in the Our Gang short subjects series from 1926 to 1933. A native of Tacoma, Washington, he was given the nickname of Wheezer after running around the studios on his first day so much that he began to wheeze.
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Brian Connolly
Brian Francis Connolly (5 October 1945 – 9 February 1997)
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Brian Doyle-Murray
Brian Doyle-Murray (born October 31, 1945) is an American comedian, screenwriter, actor and voice artist. An alumnus of Saturday Night Live, he is the older brother of actor/comedian Bill Murray and has acted together with him in several films, including Caddyshack, Scrooged, Ghostbusters II and Groundhog Day.
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Bryan Ferry
Bryan Ferry (born 26 September 1945, Washington, County Durham, UK) is an English singer, musician, songwriter and occasional actor known for his suave manner, glamorous image and wistful vocal style. Ferry came to public prominence in the early 1970s as lead vocalist and principal songwriter for Roxy Music, which enjoyed a highly successful career with three number one albums and ten singles entering the top ten charts in the United Kingdom. He continues to have a successful solo career, having earned a Grammy nomination in 2001.
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Bubba Smith
Charles Aaron "Bubba" Smith (born February 28, 1945) is an American actor and former athlete. He was a professional football player in the 1960s and 1970s who became an actor in the late 1970s. Born in Orange, Texas, he attended high school in Beaumont, Texas. He is well known for his tremendous size at 6 ft 7 in (2 m).
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Burma Road
The Burma Road () is a road linking Burma (also called Myanmar) with China. Its terminals are Kunming, Yunnan, and Lashio, Burma. When it was built, Burma was a British colony.
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Béla Bartók
Béla Viktor János Bartók ( (Wells 1990), ) (March 25, 1881 – September 26, 1945) was a Hungarian composer and pianist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century and is regarded, along with Liszt, as Hungary's greatest composer (Gillies 2001). Through his collection and analytical study of folk music, he was one of the founders of ethnomusicology.
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Carrie Snodgress
Caroline "Carrie" Snodgress (October 27, 1945 – April 1, 2004) was an American actress.
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Cem Karaca
Muhtar Cem Karaca (April 5, 1945, Antakya - February 8, 2004), also called as Cem Baba (Daddy Cem or Father Cem). Legend by his fans, was a prominent Turkish rock musician and one of the most important figures in the Anatolian rock movement.
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Charles B. McVay III
Rear Admiral Charles Butler McVay III (July 30, 1898 – November 6, 1968) was a career naval officer and the Commanding Officer of the when it was lost in action in 1945 and rescue efforts were delayed, resulting in massive loss of life. In the wake of the incident he was blamed for it. After years of mental health problems he committed suicide. Following years of efforts by survivors and others to clear his name, Captain McVay was posthumously exonerated by the United States Congress in 2000.
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Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (, or ; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969.
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Chester W. Nimitz
Fleet Admiral Chester William Nimitz, GCB, USN (24 February 1885 – 20 February 1966) was a five-star admiral in the United States Navy. He held the dual command of Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet ("CinCPac" pronounced "sink-pack"), for U.S. naval forces and Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CinCPOA), for U.S. and Allied air, land, and sea forces during World War II. He was the leading U.S. Navy authority on submarines, as well as Chief of the Navy's Bureau of Navigation in 1939. He served as Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) from 1945 until 1947. He was the United States' last surviving Fleet Admiral.
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Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (; but see names below) (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was a political and military leader of 20th century China.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Chris Matthews
Christopher John "Chris" Matthews (born December 18, 1945) is an American news anchor and political commentator, known for his nightly hour-long talk show, Hardball with Chris Matthews, which is televised on the American cable television channel MSNBC. On weekends he hosts the syndicated NBC News-produced panel discussion program, The Chris Matthews Show. Matthews makes frequent appearances on many NBC and MSNBC programs. On March 22, 2009, Matthews renewed the contract for his show on MSNBC through 2012.
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Claire Alexander
Claire Alexander (born June 16, 1945 in Collingwood, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League and World Hockey Association in the 1970s.
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Clara Petacci
Clara Petacci (Claretta Petacci) (28 February 1912, Rome – 28 April 1945) was an upper class Roman whose father had been the personal physician to the Pope. She became the mistress of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, who was twenty-eight years her senior. On 27 April 1945, when a convoy of escaping Italian Social Republic members, including Mussolini, was captured by Communist partisans, it is said that Petacci was offered the opportunity to go unmolested. On 28 April, she and Mussolini were taken to Mezzegra where she and the Duce were shot. On the following day, 29 April, Mussolini and Petacci's bodies were taken to the Piazzale Loreto in Milan and hung upside down in front of an Esso petrol station. The bodies were photographed as a crowd vented their rage upon them.
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Clement Attlee
Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC, FRS (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British Labour politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951, and as the Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. He was also the first person to hold the office of Deputy Prime Minister, under Winston Churchill in the wartime coalition government, before leading the Labour Party to a landslide election victory over Churchill's Conservative Party in 1945. He was the first Labour Prime Minister to serve a full Parliamentary term, and the first to command a Labour majority in Parliament.
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Clifton Davis
Clifton Duncan Davis (born October 4, 1945) is an American actor, songwriter and minister. He has appeared on the television shows as A World Apart, ''That's My Mama and Amen''. Davis also wrote several hits for The Jackson 5, including "Never Can Say Goodbye" and "Lookin' Through the Windows"
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Cordell Hull
Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871 – July 23, 1955) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee. He is best-known as the longest-serving Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933–1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during much of World War II. Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in establishing the United Nations, and was referred to by President Roosevelt as the Father of the United Nations.
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Cosmo Gordon Lang
William Cosmo Gordon Lang, 1st Baron Lang of Lambeth, GCVO, PC (31 October 1864 – 5 December 1945), was an Anglican prelate who served as Archbishop of York (1908–1928) and Archbishop of Canterbury (1928–1942). His rapid elevation to Archbishop of York, within 18 years of his ordination, is unprecedented in modern Church of England history. As Archbishop of Canterbury during the abdication crisis of 1936 he took a strong moral stance and comments he made in a subsequent broadcast were widely condemned as uncharitable towards the departed king.
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Daniel Cohn-Bendit
Daniel Marc Cohn-Bendit (born 4 April 1945) is a German politician, active in France and Germany. He was a student leader during the unrest of May 1968 in France and he was also known during that time as Dany le Rouge (French for "Danny the Red", because of both his politics and the color of his hair). He is currently co-president of the group European Greens–European Free Alliance in the European Parliament, becoming "Dany le Vert" (French for "Danny the Green", because of his new fight for ecology).
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Danny Gatton
Danny Gatton (September 4, 1945 – October 4, 1994) was an American guitarist who committed suicide at his Maryland home in 1994. A biography, Unfinished Business: The Life and Times of Danny Gatton by Ralph Heibutzki, was published in 2003. It has a voluminous discography. Gatton was ranked 63rd on Rolling Stone magazine's 100 Greatest Guitarists of all Time in 2003.. On May 26th, 2010, Gibson.com ranked Gatton as the 27th best guitarist of all time.
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David D. Friedman
David Director Friedman (born February 12, 1945) is an American writer who became a leading figure in the anarcho-capitalist community with the publication of his book The Machinery of Freedom (1973, revised 1989). He has also authored the books Price Theory: An Intermediate Text (1986), ''Law's Order (2000), Hidden Order: The Economics of Everyday Life (1996), and Future Imperfect'' (2008).
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David Dukes
David Coleman Dukes (June 6, 1945 – October 9, 2000) was an American character actor.
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David Knights
David Knights (born David John Knights, 28 June 1945, Islington, North London) was the original bass guitarist in Procol Harum. He played bass on the hit single "A Whiter Shade of Pale". He was in the band long enough to play on their first three albums. He departed in 1969, to be replaced by Chris Copping.
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David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor OM, PC (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British Liberal politician and statesman. He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the head of a wartime coalition government between the years 1916-1922 and was the Leader of the Liberal Party from 1926-1931.
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Davy Jones (actor)
David Thomas "Davy" Jones (born 30 December 1945) is an English pop singer-songwriter and actor best known as a member of The Monkees.
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Dean Koontz
Dean Ray Koontz (born July 9, 1945) is an American author best known for his novels which could be described broadly as suspense thrillers. He also frequently incorporates elements of horror, science fiction, mystery, and satire. A number of his books have appeared on the New York Times Bestseller List, with ten hardcovers and fourteen paperbacks reaching the number one slot. Early in his career, Koontz wrote under an array of pen names, such as David Axton, Leonard Chris, and Brian Coffey.
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Debbie Harry
Deborah Ann "Debbie" Harry (born July 1, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter and actress, most famous for being the lead singer for the New Wave band Blondie. She has also had success as a solo artist, and in the mid-1990s she performed and recorded as part of The Jazz Passengers. Her acting career spans over thirty film roles and numerous television appearances.
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Dee Dee Warwick
Dee Dee Warwick (September 25, 1945 – October 18, 2008) was an African-American soul singer. Born in Newark, New Jersey as Delia Mae Warrick, she was the sister of Dionne Warwick, niece of Cissy Houston and cousin of Whitney Houston.
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Denise Bloch
Denise Madeleine Bloch (1916 – 1945, Ravensbrück, Germany) was a French secret agent working with the British Special Operations Executive in World War II.
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Dennis O'Neill case
:''For other persons named Dennis O'Neil, see Dennis O'Neil''
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Diana Darvey
Diana Magdalene Roloff (21 April 1945 – 11 April 2000), known professionally as Diana Darvey, was a British actress, singer and dancer, who is most famous for her appearances on The Benny Hill Show.
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Diane Sawyer
Lila Diane Sawyer (born December 22, 1945) is the current anchor of ABC News' flagship program, ABC World News. Previously, Sawyer had been co-anchor of ABC News's morning news program, Good Morning America (GMA).
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Dieter Meier
Dieter Meier (born 4 March 1945, Zürich) is a Swiss musician and conceptual artist who is best known for the electronic music group Yello he formed with music producer Boris Blank. He is a vocalist and lyricist, as well as manager and producer of this music group.
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Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (; February 4, 1906 – April 9, 1945) was a German Lutheran pastor, theologian, and martyr. He was also a participant in the German Resistance movement against Nazism and a founding member of the Confessing Church. His involvement in plans by members of the Abwehr (the German Military Intelligence Office) to assassinate Adolf Hitler resulted in his arrest in April 1943 and his subsequent execution by hanging in April 1945, twenty-three days before the Nazis' surrender. His view of Christianity's role in the secular world has become very influential.
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Dirk Benedict
Dirk Benedict (born Dirk Niewoehner; March 1, 1945) is an American movie, television and stage actor, perhaps best known for playing the characters Lieutenant Templeton "Faceman" Peck in The A-Team television series and Lieutenant Starbuck in the original Battlestar Galactica film and television series.
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Don McLean
Donald McLean, Jr. (born October 2, 1945, New Rochelle, New York) is an American singer-songwriter. He is most famous for the 1971 album American Pie, containing the renowned songs "American Pie" and "Vincent".
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Doris Keane
Doris Keane(1881-1945) was an American actress.
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Doug Ingle
Doug Ingle (born September 9, 1945 in Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.) is a founding member and former organist, vocalist and primary composer for the band Iron Butterfly. He also had a short stint with the pop group Stark Naked and the Car Thieves in the early 1970s after he left Iron Butterfly.
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Douglas D. Osheroff
Douglas Dean Osheroff (born August 1, 1945) is an American physicist who shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics with David Lee and Robert C. Richardson "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"
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Douglas MacArthur
General of the Army Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 – April 5, 1964) was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines Campaign. Arthur MacArthur, Jr., and Douglas MacArthur were the first father and son to each be awarded the medal. He was one of only five men ever to rise to the rank of general of the army in the U.S. Army, and the only man ever to become a field marshal in the Philippine Army.
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Duy Tan
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Dwight F. Davis
Dwight Filley Davis (July 5, 1879 – November 28, 1945) was an American tennis player and politician. He is best remembered as the founder of the Davis Cup international tennis competition.
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Dwight York
Dwight York (born June 26, 1945 or 1935), also known as Malachi Z. York, Issa Al Haadi Al Mahdi, et alii, is an author, black supremacist leader, musician, and convicted child molester, who founded various esoteric fraternal orders and black nationalist groups collectively referred to as Nuwaubians.
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Eddie Slovik
Edward Donald Slovik (February 18, 1920 – January 31, 1945) was a private in the United States Army during World War II and the only American soldier to be executed for desertion since the American Civil War.
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Eddy Merckx
Cyclist
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Eduard Wirths
Dr. Eduard Wirths ( – ) was the Chief SS doctor (SS-Standortarzt) at the Auschwitz concentration camp from September 1942 to January 1945. Thus, Wirths had formal responsibility for everything undertaken by the nearly 20 SS doctors (including Josef Mengele, Horst Schumann and Carl Clauberg) who worked in the medical sections of Auschwitz between 1942–1945.
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Ehud Olmert
Ehud Olmert (, , born 30 September 1945) is an Israeli political figure, and former Prime Minister of Israel having served from 2006 to 2009. Olmert was the mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003. In 2003 he was elected to the Knesset and became a minister and Acting Prime Minister in the government of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. On 4 January 2006, after Sharon suffered a severe hemorrhagic stroke, Olmert began exercising the powers of the office of Prime Minister. Olmert led Kadima to a victory in the March 2006 elections (just two months after Sharon had suffered his stroke) and continued on as Acting Prime Minister. On 14 April, two weeks after the election, Sharon was declared permanently incapacitated, allowing Olmert to legally become Interim Prime Minister. Less than a month later, on 4 May, Olmert and his new, post-election government were approved by the Knesset, thus Olmert officially became Prime Minister of Israel.
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Einar Hákonarson
Einar Hákonarson (born 14 January 1945, Reykjavík, Iceland) is one of Iceland's best known artists. He is an expressionistic and figurative painter who brought the figure back into Icelandic painting in 1968. He is a pioneer in the Icelandic art scene and art education. He has been called “The crusader of the painting”, due to his involvement in those conflicts many Icelandic painters have had with the public fine art centers over the last 20 years.
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Elaine Joyce
Elaine Joyce (born December 19, 1945) is an American actress.
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Eliana Pittman
Eliana Pittman (born August 14, 1945 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) born Eliana Leite da Silva was one of the more soulful singers of early 1970s. The stepdaughter of the jazz saxophonist Booker Pittman, she was deeply influenced and encouraged by him to become an artist, as he was her first music teacher, mentor and partner on some records.
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Elizabeth Bibesco
Elizabeth, Princess Bibesco née Elizabeth Asquith (26 February 1897 – 7 April 1945) was an English writer, active between 1921 and 1940. A final posthumous collection of her stories, poems and aphorisms was published under the title Haven in 1951, with a preface by Elizabeth Bowen.
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Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is the reigning queen and head of state of 16 independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In addition, as Head of the Commonwealth, she is the figurehead of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations and, as the British monarch, she is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
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Elkie Brooks
Elkie Brooks (born 25 February 1945, Broughton, Salford) is an English singer, formerly a vocalist with Vinegar Joe, and later a solo artist. She is known for her powerful husky voice. Elkie Brooks is a patron of International Animal Rescue.
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Ellen Glasgow
Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow (April 22, 1873 - November 21, 1945) was an American novelist. Born in Richmond, Virginia, she published her first novel, The Descendant, in 1897, when she was 24 years old. With this novel, Glasgow began a literary career encompassing four and a half decades that comprised 20 novels, a collection of poems, short stories, and a book of literary criticism. Her final novel, In This Our Life, received the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1942. Her autobiography, A Woman Within, appeared posthumously in 1954.
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Else Lasker-Schüler
Else Lasker-Schüler (February 11, 1869 – January 22, 1945) was a Jewish German poet and playwright (1869-1945) famous for her bohemian lifestyle in Berlin. She was one of the few women affiliated with the Expressionist movement. Lasker-Schüler fled Nazi Germany and lived out the rest of her life in Jerusalem.
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Emily Carr
Emily Carr (December 13, 1871 – March 2, 1945) was a Canadian artist and writer heavily inspired by the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. One of the first painters in Canada to adopt a post-impressionist painting style, Carr did not receive widespread recognition for her work until later in her life. As she matured, the subject matter of her painting shifted from aboriginal themes to landscapes, and, in particular, forest scenes. As a writer, Carr was one of the earliest chroniclers of life in British Columbia. The Canadian Encyclopedia describes her as a "Canadian icon".
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Eric Clapton
Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945) is an English blues-rock guitarist and singer-songwriter. Clapton is the only person who has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame three times; as a solo performer, as well as a member of rock bands the Yardbirds and Cream. Throughout his career, Clapton has been viewed by critics and fans alike as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time, Clapton was ranked fourth in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" and #53 on their list of the "Immortals: 100 Greatest Artists of All Time". In 2010, Clapton was ranked #4 on ''Gibson's'' Top 50 Guitarists of All Time.
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Eric Liddell
Athlete
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Ernie Hudson
Ernest Lee "Ernie" Hudson (born December 17, 1945) is an American actor known for his roles as Winston Zeddemore in the Ghostbusters film series, Warden Leo Glynn on HBO's Oz, and Sergeant Albrecht in The Crow.
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Ernst Boris Chain
Sir Ernst Boris Chain (19 June 1906 – 12 August 1979) was a German-born British biochemist, and a 1945 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin.
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Ernst-Günther Baade
Generalleutnant Ernst-Günther Baade (20 August 1897 – 8 May 1945) was a German general serving during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He was wounded in action and died from his injuries on the last day of World War II in Europe.
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Eugenie Scott
Eugenie Carol Scott (born October 24, 1945) is an American physical anthropologist who has been the executive director of the National Center for Science Education (NCSE) since 1987. She is a leading critic of young earth creationism and intelligent design.
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Eva Braun
Eva Anna Paula Braun, died Eva Anna Paula Hitler (6 February 1912 – 30 April 1945) was the longtime companion and, for a brief time, wife, of Adolf Hitler. Braun met Hitler in Munich when she was 17 years old while working as an assistant and model for his personal photographer and began seeing him often about two years later. She attempted suicide twice during their early relationship. By 1936 she was a part of his household at the Berghof near Berchtesgaden and by all accounts lived a materially luxurious and sheltered life throughout World War II. Braun kept up habits which met Hitler's disapproval, such as smoking, wearing makeup and nude sunbathing. Braun enjoyed photography and many of the surviving colour photographs of Hitler were taken by her. She was a key figure within Hitler's inner social circle, but did not attend public events with him until the summer of 1944, when her sister married an officer on his personal staff.
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Ezra Pound
Ezra Weston Loomis Pound (30 October 1885 – 1 November 1972) was an American expatriate poet and critic, and a major figure in the early modernist movement in poetry, known in particular for his role in developing Imagism, which favored clear language, a lack of rhetoric, and precision of imagery. His best-known works include Ripostes (1912), Hugh Selwyn Mauberley (1920), and his epic poem The Cantos (1925–1964).
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Ferenc Csik
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Filipino people
The Filipino people are an ethnic group primarily located in the Philippines. There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines. and about 11 million living outside the Philippines.
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Forrester Harvey
Forrester Harvey (27 June, 1884 – 14 December, 1945) was an Irish-born film actor. He appeared in 117 films between 1922 and 1946, including two films directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Often cast a cockney individual.
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Frank Ashmore
Frank Ashmore (born June 17, 1945) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his role as "Martin" in the 1983 NBC miniseries V and its 1984 sequel V: The Final Battle. He reprised his role in the pilot episode of V: The Series but was killed off by the end of the episode. He returned later on in V: The Series as Philip, Martin's twin brother.
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Frank Craven
Frank Craven (24 August 18811 September 1945) was an American stage and film actor, playwright, and screenwriter, best known for originating the role of the Stage Manager in Thornton Wilder's Our Town.
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Franz Beckenbauer
Franz Anton Beckenbauer (born 11 September 1945 in Munich) is a German football coach, manager, and former player, nicknamed Der Kaiser ("The Emperor") because of his elegant style, his leadership, his first name "Franz" (reminiscent of the Austrian emperors), and his dominance on the football pitch. He is generally regarded as the greatest German footballer of all time and one of the greatest and most decorated footballers in the history of the game.
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Franz Werfel
Franz Werfel (September 10, 1890 – August 26, 1945) was an Austrian-Bohemian novelist, playwright, and poet.
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Frederica von Stade
Frederica von Stade (born June 1, 1945), is an American mezzo-soprano. Born in Somerville, New Jersey, she acquired the nickname Flicka in her childhood. Von Stade attended the Mannes College of Music in New York City. She made her debut with the Metropolitan Opera in 1970 and in 1971 appeared as Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro at the Santa Fe Opera. "It was two of the newcomers who left the audience dazzled: Frederica von Stade as Cherubino and Kiri Te Kanawa as the Countess. Everyone knew at once that these were brilliant finds. History has confirmed that first impression."
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Fredric Warburg
Fredric John Warburg (November 27, 1898 - May 25, 1981) was an English publisher best known for his association with the British author George Orwell. During a career spanning a large part of the 20th century and ending in 1971, Warburg published Orwell's Animal Farm (1945) as well as Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), and works by other leading figures such as Thomas Mann and Franz Kafka. Other notable publications include the controversial The Third Eye by Lobsang Rampa in 1956, Pierre Boulle's classic The Bridge over the River Kwai, Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf, and William Shirer's The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960).
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Fumimaro Konoe
Prince Fumimaro Konoe (Kyūjitai: 近衞 文麿, Shinjitai: 近衛 文麿, Konoe Fumimaro) (often Konoye, October 12, 1891 – December 16, 1945) was a Japanese politician who served as the 34th, 38th and 39th Prime Minister of Japan and founder/leader of the Taisei Yokusankai.
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Gabe Kaplan
Gabriel W. "Gabe" Kaplan (born March 31, 1945) is an American comedian, actor, poker commentator, and professional poker player.
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Gabrielle Weidner
Gabrielle Weidner (August 17, 1914, Brussels, Belgium – February 17, 1945, Königsberg, Germany) was a heroine of World War II.
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Gary Brooker
Gary Brooker, MBE, (born 29 May 1945) is an English singer, songwriter, pianist and founder of the rock band Procol Harum. Brooker was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours on 14 June 2003, in recognition of his charitable services.
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Gary Sandy
Gary Sandy (born December 25, 1945) is an American actor, who starred as program director Andy Travis on the television sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati.
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Gary Williams
Gary B. Williams (born March 4, 1945 in Collingswood, New Jersey) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of the University of Maryland's men's college basketball team.
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George Mikan
George Lawrence Mikan, Jr. (June 18, 1924 – June 1, 2005), nicknamed Mr. Basketball, was an American professional basketball player for the Chicago American Gears of the National Basketball League (NBL) and the Minneapolis Lakers of the NBL, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and the National Basketball Association (NBA). Invariably playing with thick, round spectacles, the 6 ft 10 in 245 lb. Mikan is seen as one of the pioneers of professional basketball, redefining it as a game of so-called big men with his prolific rebounding, shot blocking and his talent to shoot over smaller defenders with his ambidextrous hook shot, result of his own Mikan Drill.
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George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was a British author and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense, revolutionary opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism.
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George Pataki
George Elmer Pataki (; born June 24, 1945) is an American politician who was the 53rd Governor of New York. A member of the Republican Party, Pataki served three consecutive four-year terms from January 1, 1995 until December 31, 2006.
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George S. Patton
George Smith Patton, Jr. (also George Smith Patton III) (November 11, 1885 – December 21, 1945) was a United States Army officer best known for his leadership while commanding corps and armies as a general during World War II. He was also well-known for his controversial outspokenness.
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George Wyner
George Wyner (born October 20, 1945) is an American film and television actor. He is probably best known for his role as ADA Bernstein on the series Hill Street Blues. Wyner graduated from Syracuse University in 1968 as a drama major, and was an in-demand character actor by the early 1970s. To date, Wyner has made guest appearances in over 100 television series and co-starred in nine. He is also noted for memorable turns in cult classics such as Spaceballs, American Pie 2 and Fletch.
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Gerhard Kittel
Gerhard Kittel (September 23, 1888, Breslau - July 11, 1948) was a German Protestant theologian. Some sources like to claim he was an anti-Semite , however reality is much more complex.
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Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; April 19, 1882–August 24, 1954) served as president and dictator of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, being the president with most years of office. Vargas also won the nickname "O Pai dos Pobres" (Portuguese for "The Father of the Poor") because of his worker's policy.
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Gilbert Emery
Gilbert Emery (June 11, 1875 - October 28, 1945) was the stage name of Gilbert Emery Bensley Pottle, an American actor who appeared in over 80 movies from 1921 to his death in 1945.
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Gladys Horton
Gladys Horton (born 1944) is an American R&B; singer, famous for being the co-founder and lead singer of the popular Motown all-female vocal group The Marvelettes.
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Gloria Dickson
Gloria Dickson (August 13, 1917 – April 10, 1945) was an American stage and screen actress of the 1930s and 1940s.
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Goldie Hawn
Goldie Jeanne Hawn (born November 21, 1945) is an American actress, film director, producer, and occasional singer. Hawn is known for her roles in ''Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, Private Benjamin, Foul Play, Wildcats, Overboard, Bird on a Wire, Death Becomes Her, The First Wives Club, The Banger Sisters, and Cactus Flower'', for which she won the 1969 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She is also the mother of actors Oliver Hudson and Kate Hudson. Hawn has maintained a relationship with actor Kurt Russell since 1983.
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Gordie Howe
Gordon "Gordie" Howe, OC (born March 31, 1928) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played for the Detroit Red Wings and Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League (NHL), and the Houston Aeros and New England Whalers in the World Hockey Association (WHA). Howe is often referred to as Mr. Hockey, and is generally regarded as one of the greatest hockey players of all time.
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Haakon VII of Norway
Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark and Iceland, born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (3 August 1872 at Charlottenlund Palace 21 September 1957 in Oslo), known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. He was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. As one of the few elected monarchs, Haakon quickly won the respect and affection of his people and played a pivotal role in uniting the Norwegian nation in its resistance to the attack and five-year-long Nazi occupation during World War II.
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Hajime Sugiyama
was a field marshal who served as successively as chief of the Army General Staff, and minister of war in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II between 1937 and 1944. As War Minister in 1937, he was one of the principal architects of the China Incident or second Sino-Japanese War. Later, as Army Chief of Staff in 1940 and 1941, he was a leading advocate of expansion into Southeast Asia and later preventive war against the United States.
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Hale Irwin
Hale S. Irwin (born June 3, 1945) is an American professional golfer. He is one of the few players in history to have won three U.S. Opens and was one of the world's leading golfers for much of the 1970s and 1980s. He has also developed a career as a golf course architect.
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Han van Meegeren
Han van Meegeren (10 October 1889 in Deventer, Overijssel – 30 December 1947 in Amsterdam), born Henricus Antonius van Meegeren, was a Dutch painter and portraitist, and is considered to be one of the most ingenious art forgers of the 20th century.
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Hans Fischer
:for the Swiss painter see Hans Fischer (painter)
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Hans Geiger
Johannes (Hans) Wilhelm (Gengar) Geiger (September 30, 1882 – September 24, 1945) was a German physicist. He is perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger-Marsden experiment which discovered the Atomic nucleus.
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Harriet Boyd-Hawes
Harriet Boyd-Hawes (October 11, 1871 – March 31, 1945) was a pioneering American archaeologist, nurse and relief worker. She is best known as the first director of an archaeological excavation to discover and excavate a Minoan settlement and palace site on the Aegean island of Crete.
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953). As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice-president and the 34th Vice President of the United States, he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his historic fourth term.
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Heber J. Grant
Heber Jeddy Grant (November 22, 1856 – May 14, 1945) was the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was ordained an apostle on October 16, 1882, on the same day as George Teasdale. Grant served as church president from November 23, 1918 to his death in 1945, which makes him the longest-serving church president during the twentieth century.
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Heinrich Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was Reichsführer of the SS, a military commander, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. As Chief of the German Police and later the Minister of the Interior, Himmler oversaw all internal and external police and security forces, including the Gestapo. Serving as Reichsführer and later as Commander of the Replacement (Home) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the entire Reich's administration (Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung), Himmler rose to become the second most powerful man in Nazi Germany.
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Helen Mirren
Dame Helen Mirren, DBE (born 26 July 1945) is an English actor. She has won an Academy Award, four SAG Awards, four BAFTAs, three Golden Globes, four Emmy Awards, and two Cannes Film Festival Best Actress Awards during her career.
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Henry A. Wallace
Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888 – November 18, 1965) was the 33rd Vice President of the United States (1941–1945), the Secretary of Agriculture (1933–1940), and the Secretary of Commerce (1945–1946). In the 1948 presidential election, Wallace was the nominee of the Progressive Party.
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Henry Ainley
Henry Hinchliffe Ainley (21 August 1879 – 31 October 1945) was an English Shakespearean stage and screen actor. He was married three times to Susanne Sheldon, Elaine Fearon and the novelist Bettina Riddle, later Baroness von Hutten zum Stolzenberg. He had several children (although the published obituaries in The Times and The Stage disagree as to the precise numbers) which include the actors Henry T Ainley, Richard Ainley and Anthony Ainley, and also Sam and Timothy Ainley, who were not actors. Timothy and Anthony Ainley were the sons of Clarice Holmes and were registered under that surname. He was also the father of Henrietta Riddle who was briefly engaged to Alistair Cooke in 1932.
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Henry Armetta
Henry Armetta (4 July 1888 – 21 October 1945) was an Italian movie character actor who appeared in at least 150 films, starting in silents as early as 1915 to a movie released in 1946, after his death.
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Henry Bellamann
Heinrich Hauer Bellamann (April 28, 1882 – June 16, 1945) was an American novelist and poet, best known as the author of the novel Kings Row.
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Henry Polic II
Henry Polic II (born February 20, 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a stage, screen, and voice actor best known for his role as Jerry Silver in the American 1980s television series Webster, as well as his frequent game show appearances on such series as Super Password and The $25,000 Pyramid. His specialties include foreign and regional accents, ballroom dancing and baritone singing.
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Henry Winkler
Henry Franklin Winkler (born October 30, 1945) is an American actor, director, producer, and author.
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Hermann Göring
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ; 12 January 1893– 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. He was a veteran of the First World War as an ace fighter pilot, and a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite ("The Blue Max"). He was the last commander of Jagdgeschwader 1, the air squadron of Manfred von Richthofen, "The Red Baron".
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Hideki Tōjō
Hideki Tōjō (Kyūjitai: ; Shinjitai: ; ) (30 December 1884 23 December 1948) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), a leader of the Taisei Yokusankai, and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from 18 October 1941 to 22 July 1944. Some historians hold him responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor, which led to America entering World War II. After the end of the war, Tōjō was sentenced to death for war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and hanged on 23 December 1948.
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Hirohito
Hirohito (), also known as Emperor Shōwa () (Shōwa tennō), (April 29, 1901 – January 7, 1989) was the 124th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989. Although better known outside of Japan by his personal name Hirohito, in Japan he is now referred to exclusively by his posthumous name Emperor Shōwa. The word Shōwa is the name of the era that corresponded with the Emperor's reign, and was made the Emperor's own name upon his death.
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Ho Chi Minh
Hồ Chí Minh (, Chữ Nôm: 胡志明), born Nguyễn Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyễn Ái Quốc (19 May 1890 – 3 September 1969) was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1946–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He formed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and led the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War until his death.
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Huell Howser
Huell Burnley Howser (born October 18, 1945) is an American television personality best known for ''California's Gold'', his travel show for PBS affiliate KCET.
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Hugh Hopper
Hugh Colin Hopper (29 April 1945 - 7 June 2009) was a progressive rock and jazz fusion bass guitarist. He was a prominent member of the Canterbury scene, as a member of Soft Machine and various other related bands.
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Huldreich Georg Früh
Huldreich Georg Früh (15 June 1903 – 25 April 1945) was a Swiss composer, who produced music and songs for plays by Bertholt Brecht such as The Good Person of Sezuan.
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Ian Gillan
Ian Gillan (born 19 August 1945 in Hounslow, London) is an English rock music vocalist and songwriter, best known as the lead singer and lyricist for Deep Purple. During his career Gillan also fronted his own band, had a year-long stint as the vocalist for Black Sabbath, and sang the role of Jesus in the original recording of Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar.
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Igor Gouzenko
Igor Sergeyevich Gouzenko (January 13, 1919 – June 28, 1982) was a cipher clerk for the Soviet Embassy to Canada in Ottawa, Ontario. He defected on September 5, 1945, with 109 documents on Soviet espionage activities in the West. This forced Prime Minister Mackenzie King to call a Royal Commission to investigate espionage in Canada.
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Interpol
Interpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL, is an organization facilitating international police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its common name in 1956.
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Ivan Graziani
Ivan Graziani (October 6, 1945 – January 1, 1997) was an Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist.
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Ja'net Dubois
'''Ja'net Dubois' (pronounced Ja-NAY Doo-BWAH'') (born August 5, 1945) is an American actress and singer.
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Jack Goldstein
Jack Goldstein (September 27, 1945 – March 14, 2003) was a Canadian born, California-based performance and conceptual artist turned painter in the 1980s art boom.
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Jack Thayer
John Borland "Jack" Thayer III (December 24, 1894 - September 20, 1945) was from Philadelphia. He was a first-class passenger on the RMS Titanic who provided several first-hand accounts of the disaster.
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Jackie Robinson
Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was the first black Major League Baseball (MLB) player of the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when he debuted with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. As the first black man to play in the major leagues since the 1880s, he was instrumental in bringing an end to racial segregation in professional baseball, which had relegated black players to the Negro leagues for six decades. The example of his character and unquestionable talent challenged the traditional basis of segregation, which then marked many other aspects of American life, and contributed significantly to the Civil Rights Movement.
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Jacqueline du Pré
Jacqueline Mary du Pré OBE (26 January 194519 October 1987) was a British cellist, acknowledged as one of the greatest players of the instrument. She is particularly associated with Elgar's Cello Concerto in E Minor; her interpretation of that work has been described as "definitive" and "legendary". Her career was cut short by multiple sclerosis, which forced her to cease performing at the age of 28, and led to her premature death. Following her death, her older sister Hilary du Pré and younger brother Piers wrote a book about their family life, A Genius in the Family. It was the basis for the movie Hilary and Jackie. Both the book and the movie aroused fierce controversy.
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Jacques Lanctôt
Jacques Lanctôt is a Canadian writer and publisher, restaurateur, and former militant separatist.
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Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi/Kashmiri: जवाहरलाल नेहरू, pronounced ; 14 November 1889–27 May 1964) was an Indian statesman who was the (and to date the longest-serving) prime minister of India, from 1947 until 1964. One of the leading figures in the Indian independence movement, Nehru was elected by the Congress Party to assume office as independent India's first Prime Minister, and re-elected when the Congress Party won India's first general election in 1952. As one of the founders of the Non-aligned Movement, he was also an important figure in the international politics of the post-war era. He is frequently referred to as Pandit Nehru ("pandit" being a Sanskrit and Hindi honorific meaning "scholar" or "teacher") and, specifically in India, as Panditji (with "-ji" being a honorific suffix).
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Jay Ingram
Jay Ingram CM (born March 20, 1945) is a Canadian author and broadcaster. He has been host of the television show Daily Planet (originally titled @discovery.ca), which airs on Discovery Channel Canada, since the channel's inception in 1995.
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Jeremy Bulloch
Jeremy Bulloch (born 16 February 1945) is an English actor. He is best known as the bounty hunter Boba Fett in the Star Wars original trilogy. He has appeared in numerous British TV and film productions, including Doctor Who and Robin of Sherwood.
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Jerome Kern
Jerome David Kern (January 27, 1885 – November 11, 1945) was an American composer of musical theatre and popular music. One of the most important American theatre composers of the early 20th century, he wrote more than 700 songs, used in over 100 stage works, including such classics as "Ol' Man River", "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man", "A Fine Romance", "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes", "All the Things You Are", "The Way You Look Tonight", "Long Ago (and Far Away)" and "Who?". He collaborated with many of the leading librettists and lyricists of his era, including George Grossmith Jr., Guy Bolton, P. G. Wodehouse, Otto Harbach, Oscar Hammerstein II, Dorothy Fields, Johnny Mercer, Ira Gershwin and E. Y. Harburg.
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Jerry Harris
Jerry Harris (b. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, born November 23, 1945) is an African American abstract sculptor, collagist and writer. Harris is primarily a constructivist sculptor, working in media such as wood, stone, bronze, fiberglass, clay, metal, mixed media (found objects), and collage.
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Jessye Norman
Jessye Norman (born September 15, 1945) is an American opera singer. Norman is one of the most admired contemporary opera singers and recitalists, and is one of the highest paid performers in classical music. A true dramatic soprano with a majestic stage presence, Norman is associated in particular with the roles of Aïda, Cassandre, Alceste, and Leonora. Norman is known for the direct and emotionally expressive qualities of her singing and for her formidable intellectual understanding of the music and its style, as well as first-rate musicianship. According to Curt Sanburn in Life, Norman on stage creates the perception of one who "veritably looms behind her lyrics." Norman's public manner combines an apparent hauteur with flashes of disarming humor, putting her squarely in the venerable operatic tradition of the Diva, to the extent that many credit her as the inspiration for the title character in the 1981 French film Diva.
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Jim Chapman
James Louis "Jim" Chapman (born March 8, 1945 in Washington, D.C.) is an American business and political leader. From 1985 to 1997, he served as Democratic Congressman representing the Texas's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. His home town was Sulphur Springs.
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Jim Palmer
James Alvin "Jim" Palmer (born October 15, 1945), nicknamed "Cakes," is a former Major League Baseball right-handed starting pitcher who played his entire career for the Baltimore Orioles (1965–1984). He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in .
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Joe Hunt
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Joe Rosenthal
Joseph John Rosenthal (October 9, 1911 – August 20, 2006) was an American photographer who received the Pulitzer Prize for his iconic World War II photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, taken during the Battle of Iwo Jima. His picture became one of the best-known photographs of the war.
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John Carlos
John Wesley Carlos (born June 5, 1945 in Harlem, New York) is an African American former track and field athlete and professional football player. He was the bronze-medal winner in the 200 meters at the 1968 Summer Olympics and his black power salute on the podium with Tommie Smith caused much political controversy. He went on to equal the world record in the 100 yard dash and beat the 200 meters world record (although the latter achievement was never ratified). After his track career, he enjoyed brief stints in the National Football League and Canadian Football League but retired due to injury.
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John Curtin
John Joseph Curtin (8 January 1885 – 5 July 1945), Australian politician and the 14th Prime Minister of Australia, led Australia when the Australian mainland came under direct military threat during the Japanese advance in World War II. He is widely regarded as one of the country's greatest Prime Ministers. General Douglas MacArthur said that Curtin was "one of the greatest of the wartime statesmen". His Prime Ministerial predecessor, Arthur Fadden of the Country Party wrote: "I do not care who knows it but in my opinion there was no greater figure in Australian public life in my lifetime than Curtin."
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John H. Johnson
John Harold Johnson (January 19, 1918 – August 8, 2005) was an American businessman and publisher. He was the founder of the Johnson Publishing Company, and in 1982, the first African-American to appear on the Forbes 400.
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John Heard (actor)
John Heard (born March 7, 1945) is an American actor well known for his recurring role as Peter McCallister, in the first two installments of the Home Alone movie series. More recently he can be seen on as recurring character Kenwall Duquesne, father of Calleigh Duquesne.
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John Lowe
John Lowe (born 21 July 1945 in New Tupton, Derbyshire) is an English darts player who was one of the main competitors who made darts such a huge spectator sport in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in the United Kingdom.
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John McVie
John Graham McVie (born on 26 November 1945) is a British bass guitarist best known as a member of the rock group Fleetwood Mac. His surname, combined with that of Mick Fleetwood, was the inspiration for the band's name. He joined Fleetwood Mac shortly after its formation by guitarist Peter Green in 1967, replacing temporary bassist Bob Brunning.
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John Walsh
John Edward Walsh (born December 26, 1945) is an American television personality, criminal investigator, human and victim rights advocate and the host of ''America's Most Wanted''. Walsh is known for his anti-crime activism, which he became involved with following the murder of his son, Adam, in 1981. 27 years later on December 15, 2008, the now deceased serial killer Ottis Toole was named as the killer of Walsh's son. Walsh is part owner of the Museum of Crime & Punishment in Washington D.C.
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Jon Peters
Jon Peters (born John H. Peters; June 2, 1945) is an American movie producer.
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Josef Kramer
Josef Kramer (November 10, 1906 – December 13, 1945) was the Commandant of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Dubbed "The Beast of Belsen" by camp inmates; he was a notorious Nazi war criminal, directly responsible for the deaths of thousands of people. He was convicted of war crimes and hanged in Hameln prison by noted British executioner Albert Pierrepoint after World War II.
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Josef Terboven
Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven (May 23, 1898 – May 8, 1945) was a Nazi leader, best known as the Reichskommissar during the German military occupation of Norway.
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Josefa Llanes Escoda
Josefa Llanes Escoda (September 20, 1898–c. January 6, 1945) was a well-known Filipino advocate of women's right of suffrage and founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines.
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Joseph Darnand
Joseph Darnand (19 March 1897 – 10 October 1945) was a French leader of the far right and commander of the Vichy French Milice.
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Joseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels (often in English, ; 29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of German dictator Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, he was known for his zealous oratory and anti-Semitism. He was the chief architect of the Kristallnacht attack on the German Jews, which historians consider to be the beginning of the Final Solution, leading towards the genocide of the Holocaust.
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Joseph Kosuth
Joseph Kosuth (born January 31, 1945, Toledo, Ohio) is an American conceptual artist.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and head of state who served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. After the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924, Stalin rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union, which he ruled as a dictator.
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Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz Tito (born Josip Broz; Cyrillic script: Јосип Броз Тито; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. He was Secretary-General (later President) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to heroically lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Yugoslav Partisans (1941–45). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1943–63) and later President (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).
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José Feliciano
José Montserrate Feliciano García (born September 10, 1945) is a blind Puerto Rican singer, virtuoso guitarist and composer, known for many international hits including the 1970 holiday single "Feliz Navidad".
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Juan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón (;), October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974, was an Argentine general and politician, elected three times as President of Argentina, though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency. He was overthrown in a military coup in 1955. He returned to power in 1973 and served for nine months, until his death in 1974 when he was succeeded by his third wife, María Estela Martínez.
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Jörg Immendorff
Jörg Immendorff (June 14, 1945 in Bleckede, Lower Saxony – May 28, 2007 in Düsseldorf) was one of the best known contemporary German painters; he was also a sculptor, stage designer and art professor.
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Jürgen Möllemann
Jürgen Wilhelm Möllemann (15 July 1945 – 5 June 2003) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party. He served as Minister of State at the Foreign Office (1982–1987), as Federal Minister of Education and Research (1987–1991), as Federal Minister of Economics (1991–1993) and as Vice Chancellor of Germany (1992–1993) in the government of Chancellor Helmut Kohl.
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Karl Dönitz
Karl Dönitz (; 16 September 1891 – 24 December 1980) was a World War II German Admiral and the fourth and last President of the German Reich.
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Kathy Garver
Kathleen Marie "Kathy" Garver (born December 13, 1945) is an American film, television, voice-over and character actress of stage, most widely known for playing Uncle Bill Davis's (played by Brian Keith) teenaged niece, Catherine "Cissy" Davis, on the popular 1960s sitcom, Family Affair. Before that, she played a slave in The Ten Commandments. Garver authored The Family Affair Cookbook and has been a TV host (Backstage with Barry and Kathy).
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Kay Baxter
Kay Baxter (October 3, 1945 – May 16, 1988) was a pioneer female bodybuilder.
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Kay Ryan
Kay Ryan (born September 21, 1945) is an American poet and educator. She is the sixteenth Poet Laureate of the United States.
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Keith Jarrett
Keith Jarrett (born May 8, 1945, in Allentown, Pennsylvania) is an American pianist/composer who has performed in both jazz and classical music.
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Ken Livingstone
Kenneth Robert "Ken" Livingstone (born 17 June 1945) is a British Labour Party politician; he has twice held the leading political role in London local government, firstly as Leader of the Greater London Council from 1981 until the council was abolished in 1986 by the government of Margaret Thatcher, and secondly as the first Mayor of London, a post he held from its creation in 2000 until 2008. He also served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent East between 1987 and 2000 as a Labour Party member; he was expelled from the party in 2000 and resigned as MP to concentrate on his mayoral obligations in 2001.
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Kiyoshi Ogawa
Kiyoshi Ogawa ( Ogawa Kiyoshi, 1922 – May 11, 1945) was a Japanese Naval Aviator Ensign () of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. As a Kamikaze pilot, Ensign Ogawa's final action took place on May 11, 1945, during the Battle of Okinawa. Piloting a bomb-armed Mitsubishi Zero fighter during Operation Kikusui No. 6, Ogawa at the age of 24 went through antiaircraft fire and attacked the US aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill (CV-17). He dropped a 550-lb bomb, never pulled out of the dive, and crashed deliberately into the flight deck near the control tower of the US aircraft carrier. The bomb penetrated ''Bunker Hill's'' flight deck and exploded, gasoline fires flamed up and several explosions took place, when re-armed and re-fueled planes on deck exploded and caught fire. Nearly 400 US crewmen died with Ensign Ogawa and the ship was knocked out of the war.
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Korechika Anami
was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, and was War Minister at the surrender of Japan.
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Käthe Kollwitz
Käthe Schmidt Kollwitz (July 8, 1867 – April 22, 1945) was a German painter, printmaker, and sculptor whose work offered an eloquent and often searing account of the human condition in the first half of the 20th century. Her empathy for the less fortunate, expressed most famously through the graphic means of drawing, etching, lithography, and woodcut, embraced the victims of poverty, hunger, and war. Initially her work was grounded in Naturalism, and later took on Expressionistic qualities.
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Larry Craig
Larry Edwin Craig (born July 20, 1945) is a former Republican politician from the U.S. state of Idaho. He served eighteen years in the U.S. Senate (1991–2009), preceded by ten years in the U.S. House, representing Idaho's first district (1981–91). His 28 years in the Congress rank as the second-longest in Idaho history, trailing only William Borah, who served over 32 years in the Senate. In addition to serving in Congress, Craig has been a member of the Board of Directors of the National Rifle Association since 1983. Craig has also been selected for induction into the Idaho Hall of Fame. Although he was selected in March 2007, the announcement was made in October 2007.
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Lauren Chapin
Lauren Chapin (born May 23, 1945 in Los Angeles, California) is an American former child actress, most famously remembered for her role as youngest child "Kathy Anderson" (nicknamed "Kitten") in the television show Father Knows Best, which was produced between 1954 and 1960. Chapin was awarded five Jr. Emmy's for Best Child Actress. He series co-stars were Robert Young, Jane Wyatt, Elinor Donahue, and Billy Gray.
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Laurent Gbagbo
Laurent Koudou Gbagbo (born May 31, 1945) has been the President of Côte d'Ivoire (also known in English as the Ivory Coast) since 2000. Formerly a history teacher, Gbagbo was one of the primary opponents of President Félix Houphouët-Boigny.
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Lee Jong-wook
Lee Jong-wook (1945–2006) was the Director-General of the World Health Organization for three years.
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Leigh Taylor-Young
Leigh Taylor-Young (born January 25, 1945) is an American actress who has appeared on stage, screen, and television.
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Lilian Rolfe
Lilian Vera Rolfe (26 April 1914, Paris, France - 5 February 1945, Ravensbrück, Germany) was an Allied secret agent in World War II.
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Linda Hunt
Linda Hunt (born April 2, 1945) is an American film, stage and television actress. She is perhaps best known for her Academy Award-winning role in 1982's The Year of Living Dangerously. She is currently portraying the role of Henrietta "Hetty" Lange, Office of Special Projects Operations Manager on the CBS Television series .
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Loni Anderson
Loni Kaye Anderson (born August 5, 1945) is an American actress who played the role of Jennifer Marlowe on the television sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati.
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Lord Alfred Douglas
Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas (22 October 1870 – 20 March 1945), nicknamed "Bosie", was a British author, poet and translator, better known as the intimate friend and lover of the writer Oscar Wilde. Much of his early poetry was Uranian in theme, though he tended, later in life, to distance himself from both Wilde's influence and his own role as a Uranian poet.
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Lowell George
Lowell Thomas George (April 13, 1945 – June 29, 1979) was an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and producer, who was the main guitarist and songwriter for the rock band Little Feat.
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Lu Sheng-yen
Lu Sheng-Yen (盧勝彥, Lú Shèngyàn) (born 27 June 1945), commonly referred to by followers as Master Lu is the founder and spiritual leader of the True Buddha School, a new Buddhist sect with teachings taken from Sutrayana and Vajrayana (Tantric Buddhism), as well as Taoism. Master Lu has declared himself to be Living Buddha Lian Sheng (蓮生活佛, Liansheng Huófó) and is revered by his disciples as a Living Buddha.
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Lucille La Verne
Lucille La Verne (November 8, 1872 – March 4, 1945) was an American actress known for her appearances in silent, scolding, and vengeful roles in early color films, as well as for her triumphs on the American stage.
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Luisa Ferida
Luisa Ferida (18 March 1914 - 30 April 1945) was an Italian stage and motion picture actress.
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Magda Goebbels
Johanna Maria Magdalena "Magda" Goebbels (11 November 1901 – 1 May 1945) was the wife of Nazi Germany's Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels. A prominent member of the Nazi party, she was a close ally and political supporter of Adolf Hitler.
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Malcolm McGregor
Malcolm McGregor (13 October 1892 – 29 April 1945) was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in 55 films between 1922 and 1936.
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Mamoru Shigemitsu
(July 29, 1887–January 26, 1957) was the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs at the end of World War II.
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Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (; December 26, 1893 September 9, 1976) was a Han Chinese revolutionary, political theorist and communist leader. He led the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His theoretical contribution to Marxism-Leninism, military strategies, and his brand of Communist policies are now collectively known as Maoism.
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Mark Sandrich
Mark Sandrich (birth name: Mark Rex Goldstein) (October 26, 1900 – March 4, 1945) was a Jewish American film director, writer and producer.
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Marta Kristen
Marta Kristen (born February 26, 1945) is an American actress.
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Martin Bormann
Martin Ludwig Bormann (17 June 1900 – 2 May 1945) was a prominent Nazi official. He became head of the Party Chancellery (Parteikanzlei) and private secretary to Adolf Hitler. He gained Hitler's trust and derived immense power within the Third Reich by controlling access to the Führer and by regulating the orbits of those closest to him.
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Martin Tyler
Martin Tyler (born 14 September 1945 in Chester) is an English football commentator who was voted as the FA Premier League Commentator of The Decade. He is also currently assistant manager at Isthmian League Premier Division club Kingstonian.
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Maud Adams
Maud Solveig Christina Wikström (born February 12, 1945), known professionally as Maud Adams, is a Swedish actress, known for her roles as two different Bond girls in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) and as the title character in Octopussy (1983).
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Max Boyce
Maxwell Boyce MBE (born 7 September 1945 in Glynneath) is a Welsh comedian, singer and former coal miner. He rose to fame in the United Kingdom during the mid-1970s with an act that combined musical comedy with his passion for rugby union and his origins in the mining communities of South Wales. Having sold more than two million albums in a career spanning four decades, and playing to full houses all around the world, Boyce is one of the most successful and enduring entertainers in Welsh history.
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Melba Moore
Beatrice Melba Smith (born October 29, 1945), known by her stage name, Melba Moore is an American disco, R&B; singer and actress. She is the daughter of saxophonist Teddy Hill and R&B; singer Bonnie Davis.
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Mia Farrow
Mia Farrow (born Maria de Lourdes Villiers Farrow; February 9, 1945) is an American actress, singer, and former fashion model. Farrow has appeared in more than forty-five films and won numerous awards, including a Golden Globe award (and seven additional Golden Globe nominations), five BAFTA Film Award nominations, and a win for best actress at the San Sebastian International Film Festival. Farrow is also notable for her extensive humanitarian work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. She is involved in humanitarian activities in Darfur, Chad, and the Central African Republic. In 2008, she was selected by Time magazine as one of the most influential people in the world.
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Michael Ancram
Michael Andrew Foster Jude Kerr, 13th Marquess of Lothian, PC, QC (born 7 July 1945), known as Michael Ancram, is a United Kingdom Conservative Party politician. He is a former Member of Parliament, and a former member of the Shadow Cabinet. He is also currently the Chief of the Scottish Kerr Clan.
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Michael Dorris
Michael Anthony Dorris (January 30, 1945 - April 10, 1997) was a prominent American novelist and scholar. During his career he presented himself as Native American and this identity was a key part of his professional activities and his public reputation; but its factuality is in doubt. His most famous works include the memoir, The Broken Cord (1989) and the novel, A Yellow Raft in Blue Water (1987). He was married to author Louise Erdrich. He committed suicide in 1997. The Broken Cord, which won the 1989 National Book Critics Circle Award for General Nonfiction, helped provoke Congress to approve legislation to warn of the dangers of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
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Micheline Calmy-Rey
Micheline Anne-Marie Calmy-Rey (born 8 July 1945) is a Swiss politician who is head of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs — i.e., the Swiss foreign minister. She has been a member of the Swiss Federal Council since 2002, and was President of the Confederation in 2007.
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Micky Dolenz
George Michael Dolenz, Jr. (born March 8, 1945) is an American actor, musician, television director, radio personality and theatre director; he is best known as a member of the 1960s made-for-television band The Monkees.
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Mikhail Voronin
Mikhail Jakovlievitch Voronin (; 26 March 1945 in Moscow - 22 May 2004) was one of the world's strongest Russian gymnasts, who competed for the USSR in the late 1960s-early 1970s.
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Mildred Gillars
Mildred Elizabeth Gillars (November 29, 1900 – June 25, 1988) was an American broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. She was convicted of treason in 1949 and sentenced to imprisonment for 10 to 30 years.
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Milton S. Hershey
Milton Snavely Hershey (September 13, 1857 – October 13, 1945) was a confectioner, philanthropist, and founder of The Hershey Chocolate Company and the “company town” of Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Mohammad Hatta
(12 August 1902 - 14 March 1980) was born in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). He was Indonesia's first vice president, later also serving as the country's Prime Minister. Known as "The Proclamator", he and a number of Indonesians, including the first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, fought for the independence of Indonesia from the Dutch. Despite his efforts to gain Indonesian independence, he studied in the Netherlands from 1921 until 1932. Moreover, since his early education, he studied in Dutch schools in Indonesia.
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Mustafa Balel
Mustafa Balel, Turkish short story writer and novelist (born 1 September in 1945, Sivas).
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Mário de Andrade
:''For the Angolan politician and writer see Mário Pinto de Andrade. For others with the name see Andrade.
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Nadezhda Chizhova
Nadezhda Vladimirovna Chizhova () (born 29 September, 1945 in Usolye-Sibirskoye) is a Soviet shot putter who won three Olympic medals and set seven new world records. Nadezhda Chizhova trained at VSS Spartak. She became the first woman to break both the 20 metre and 21 metre barrier. Her toughest rival was Margitta Gummel.
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Narasimhan Ram
Narasimhan Ram also known as N. Ram (born May 4, 1945) is an Indian journalist. He has been the Editor-in-chief of The Hindu since June 27, 2003. Ram also heads the other publications of The Hindu Group such as Frontline, The Hindu Business Line and Sportstar, and has been awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India. He is referred to as a left-wing editor and known to believe in left/communist ideology.
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Neil Young
Neil Percival Young, OC, OM (born November 12, 1945) is a Canadian singer-songwriter who is considered to be one of the most influential musicians of his generation. Young began performing as a solo artist in Canada in 1960, before moving to California in 1966, where he co-founded the band Buffalo Springfield along with Stephen Stills, and later joined Crosby, Stills & Nash as a fourth member in 1969. He then forged a successful and acclaimed solo career; releasing his first album in 1968; his career has since spanned over 40 years and 33 studio albums, with a continual exploration of musical styles. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame website describes Young as "one of rock and roll’s greatest songwriters and performers". He has been inducted into the Hall of Fame twice: first as a solo artist in 1995, and secondly as a member of Buffalo Springfield in 1997.
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Nicholas Meyer
Nicholas Meyer (born December 24, 1945 in New York City, New York) is an American film writer, producer, director and novelist best known for his best-selling novel The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, and for directing the films Time After Time, two of the Star Trek motion picture series, and the landmark 1983 TV-Movie The Day After.
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Nicky Chinn
Nicky Chinn born Nicholas Barry Chinn, 16 May 1945, London, England) is an English songwriter and record producer. Together with Mike Chapman he had a long string of hit singles in the UK in the 1970s, including several number-one records. The duo wrote hits for such notable UK-based artists as Suzi Quatro, Mud, Sweet, The Arrows ("Touch Too Much"), Racey and Smokie.
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Nike Wagner
Nike Wagner (born on 9 June 1945 at Überlingen on Lake Constance in Germany) is the director of an arts festival held annually at Weimar, Germany (known as ‘Pèlerinages’ — Kunstfest Weimar, in 2006 held from 25 August to 17 September), and a noteworthy collaborator in the Bayreuth Festival, founded in 1876 by Richard Wagner, her paternal great-grandfather. Her parents are the theatre director Wieland Wagner, who directed the Bayreuth Festival until his death in 1966, and the choreographer Gertrud Reissiger; she is also the great-great‑granddaughter of Franz Liszt (in 2004 she renamed the Weimar festival in his honour — ‘Pèlerinages’ evokes Liszt’s Années de pèlerinage).
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Nikola Avramov
Nikola Vasilev Avramov () (May 21, 1897 – June 15, 1945) was a Bulgarian painter.
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Nikolai Berzarin
Nikolai Erastovich Berzarin (Russian Николай Эрастович Берзарин) (April 1, 1904 in St. Petersburg – June 16, 1945 in Berlin) was a Soviet Red Army General during the Stalinist era and the Second World War, famous for many war crimes against civilian population in the Baltic countries and Germany. In June 1941 he was responsible for the deportation of 47,000 Balts to Soviet concentration camps. In 1945 he became commander of the Soviet occupying forces in Berlin.
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Otto Neurath
Otto Neurath (Vienna, December 10, 1882 - Oxford, December 22, 1945) was an Austrian philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist. Before he was forced to flee his native country for Great Britain in the wake of the Nazi occupation, Neurath was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle.
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P. D. T. Acharya
P. D. T. Achary (born 17 June 1945) is the Secretary General of the Lok Sabha, i.e. the House of the People in the Indian Parliament (similar to the British House of Commons). As Secretary General, he is also the Administrative head of the Secretariat of the Lok Sabha. The post of Secretary General is of the rank of the Cabinet Secretary in the Government of India, who is the seniormost civil servant to the Indian Government. The incumbent to the post is appointed by the Speaker of Lok Sabha in consultation with the Prime Minister of India and the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha. As per precedence, incumbents to the post of Secretary General have either been senior officers in the Lok Sabha Secretariat or senior civil servants in the Government of India.
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Pat Jennings
Patrick Anthony "Pat" Jennings OBE (born 12 June 1945 in Newry, County Down) is a Irish former football player. He played 119 games for Northern Ireland as a goalkeeper, a figure which at the time was a world record and is still a Northern Ireland record, in an international career which lasted for over 22 years. During his career Jennings played for Newry Town, Watford, and in the top division with Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal, winning the FA Cup with both of the north London rivals. In total, Jennings made over 1,000 top level appearances, and despite being a goalkeeper he scored in the 1967 FA Charity Shield.
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Pat Riley
Patrick (Pat) James Riley (born March 20, 1945) is a former American professional basketball player and then head coach in the NBA. Currently, he is team president of the Miami Heat. Widely regarded as one of the greatest NBA coaches of all time, Riley has served as the head coach of five championship teams and an assistant coach to another. He most recently won the 2006 NBA Championship with the Miami Heat. Prior to his tenure in Miami, he served as head coach for the Los Angeles Lakers and the New York Knicks. He was named NBA Coach of the Year three times (1989-90, 1992-93 and 1996-97, as head coach of the Lakers, Knicks and Heat, respectively). He was head coach of the NBA All-Star Game teams nine times: eight of the Western team (1982, 1983, 1985–1990, all as head coach of the Lakers) and once of the Eastern team (1993, as head coach of the Knicks). In 1996 he was named one of 10 Greatest Coaches in the NBA history. As a player he played for the Los Angeles Lakers' championship team in 1972, bringing his personal total to seven NBA titles.
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Pat Stevens
Patricia "Pat" Stevens (September 16, 1945 – May 26, 2010) was an American actress, best known as the second actress to perform the voice of Velma Dinkley in Hanna-Barbera's Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Saturday morning cartoon series.
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Patti Deutsch
Patti Deutsch (born December 16, 1945; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a voice artist and comedic actress. In the 1970s she was a frequent panelist on Match Game.
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Paul Petersen
Paul Petersen (b. September 23, 1945) is an American movie actor, singer, novelist, and activist. Primarily known for his character-type roles in the 1960s and 1970s, as an adult Petersen established the organization A Minor Consideration to support child stars and other child laborers through legislation, family education, and personal intervention and counseling for those in crisis.
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Paul Valéry
Ambroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry (; October 30, 1871 – July 20, 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. His interests were sufficiently broad that he can be classified as a polymath. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), he also wrote many essays and aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events.
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Paul von Hindenburg
Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (), known universally as Paul von Hindenburg (; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal, statesman, and politician, and served as the second President of Germany from 1925 to 1934.
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Percy Spencer
Percy LeBaron Spencer (9 July, 1894 – 8 September, 1970) was an American engineer and inventor. He became known as the inventor of the microwave oven.
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Pete Townshend
Peter Dennis Blandford "Pete" Townshend (; born 19 May 1945) is an English rock guitarist, vocalist, songwriter and author, known principally as the guitarist and songwriter for The Who, as well as for his own solo career. His career with The Who spans more than forty years, during which time the band grew to be considered one of the most influential bands of the 60s and 70s, and, according to Eddie Vedder, "possibly the greatest live band ever."
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Peter Criss
Peter George John Criscuola (born December 20, 1945), better known as Peter Criss, is an American musician best known as the original drummer for the rock band Kiss. Criss established the "Catman" character for his Kiss persona.
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Peter Gammons
Peter Gammons (born April 9, 1945) is an American sportswriter, media personality, and a recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for outstanding baseball writing, given by the BBWAA.
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Peter Ledger
Peter Ledger (October 25, 1945, Sydney, Australia - November 18, 1994, Oakhurst, California) was an Australian artist and illustrator. In addition to studying art, he worked with surveying teams in the Australian outback, hunted deer for the government in New Zealand, was a professional scuba diver, a leathermaker and a gourmet cook. He raced motorcycles, flew hot air balloons, was a body builder, and in later years became a private pilot.
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Petru Groza
Petru Groza (December 7, 1884 - January 7, 1958) was a Romanian politician, best known as the Prime Minister of the first Communist Party-dominated governments under Soviet occupation during the early stages of the Communist regime in Romania.
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Philip Waruinge
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Philipp Bouhler
Philipp Bouhler (11 September 1899 – 19 May 1945) was a war criminal, Nazi German government official, SS-Obergruppenführer, head of the Führer's Chancellery and leader of the euthanasia programme, the so-called Aktion T4.
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Philippe Pétain
Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (; 24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain (Maréchal Pétain), was a French general who reached the distinction of Marshal of France, and was later Chief of State of Vichy France ''(Chef de l'État Français)'', from 1940 to 1944. Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as France's oldest head of state.
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Pierre Laval
:Not to be confused with Pierre N. Leval.
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Pietro Mascagni
Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni (December 7, 1863 – August 2, 1945) was an Italian composer most noted for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece Cavalleria rusticana caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and single-handedly ushered in the Verismo movement in Italian dramatic music. However, though it has been stated that Mascagni, like Leoncavallo, was a "one-opera man" who could never repeat his first success, this is inaccurate. ''L'amico Fritz and Iris have been popular in Europe since their respective premieres. In fact, Mascagni himself claimed that at one point Iris was performed in Italy more often than Cavalleria'' (cf. Stivender).
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Posy Simmonds
Rosemary Elizabeth "Posy" Simmonds MBE (born 9 August 1945) is a British newspaper cartoonist and writer and illustrator of children's books. She is best known for her long association with The Guardian, for which she has drawn the cartoons Gemma Bovery (2000) and Tamara Drewe (2005–2006), both later published as books. Her style gently satirises the English middle classes and in particular those of a literary bent. Both of the published books feature a "doomed heroine", much in the style of the 18th and 19th Century gothic romantic novel, to which they often allude, but with an ironic, modernist slant.
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Priscilla Presley
Priscilla Presley (born Priscilla Ann Wagner; May 24, 1945) is an American actress and businesswoman. She is the ex-wife of entertainer Elvis Presley, and the mother of singer-songwriter Lisa Marie Presley.
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Radovan Karadžić
Radovan Karadžić (, ; born 19 June 1945) is a former Bosnian Serb politician. He is currently on trial in the United Nations Detention Unit of Scheveningen, accused of war crimes committed against Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats during the Siege of Sarajevo. He is also accused of the Srebrenica massacre.
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Ray Milland
Ray Milland (3 January 1907 – 10 March 1986) was a Welsh actor and director. His screen career ran from 1929 to 1985, and he is best remembered for his Academy Award–winning portrayal of an alcoholic writer in The Lost Weekend (1945) and as Oliver Barrett III in the 1970 film, Love Story.
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Richard Hatch
Richard Hatch (born May 21, 1945, in Santa Monica, California) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Captain Apollo in the original Battlestar Galactica television series, for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination, and the recurring role of Tom Zarek in the second incarnation of Battlestar Galactica.
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Richard R. Schrock
Richard Royce Schrock (born 4 January 1945) is an American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his contributions to the metathesis reaction used in organic chemistry.
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Richard Wesley
Richard Wesley (born July 11, 1945) is an African American playwright, and screenwriter for television and cinema. He is an associate professor at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts where he is presently the chair of the Rita and Burton Goldberg Department of Dramatic Writing.
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Ritchie Blackmore
Richard Hugh "Ritchie" Blackmore (born 14 April 1945) is an English rock guitarist, known for his work in Deep Purple, in addition to his solo band Rainbow, where he was the sole constant band member through numerous personnel changes. His current folk rock duo is the Renaissance-influenced Blackmore's Night with his (now) wife Candice Night. While with Rainbow, he changed his musical approach multiple times following each lead singer's departure and it is said that the result was the confusion and alienation of many of his supporters. Blackmore started his music career as a session player in the early 1960s. He has lived in the U.S.A. since the mid-1970s. He is one of the greatest and most influential guitarists in rock history.
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Robert Benchley
Robert Charles Benchley (September 15, 1889 – November 21, 1945) was an American humorist best known for his work as a newspaper columnist and film actor. From his beginnings at the Harvard Lampoon while attending Harvard University, through his many years writing essays and articles for Vanity Fair and The New Yorker, and his acclaimed short films, Benchley's style of humor brought him respect and success during his life, from New York City and his peers at the Algonquin Round Table to contemporaries in the burgeoning film industry.
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Robert Brasillach
Robert Brasillach (31 March 1909 – 6 February 1945) was a French author and journalist. Brasillach is best known as the editor of Je suis partout, a nationalist newspaper which came to advocate various fascist movements and locally in France it supported Jacques Doriot. After the liberation of France in 1944 he was executed following a trial and Charles de Gaulle's express refusal to grant him a pardon. Brasillach was executed for advocating collaborationism. The execution remains a controversial subject due to the fact that Brasillach was executed for "intellectual crimes", rather than military or political actions.
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Robert Desnos
Robert Desnos (4 July 1900, Paris - 8 June 1945), was a French surrealist poet who played a key role in the Surrealist movement of his day.
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Robert H. Goddard
Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) was an American professor, physicist and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, which he successfully launched on March 16, 1926. Goddard and his team launched 34 rockets between 1926 and 1941, achieving altitudes as high as 2.6 km (1.62 miles) and speeds as high as 885 km/h (550 mph).
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Robert Ley
Robert Ley (; 15 February 1890 – 25 October 1945) was a Nazi politician and head of the German Labour Front from 1933 to 1945. He committed suicide while awaiting trial for war crimes.
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Robert Olen Butler
Robert Olen Butler Jr. (born January 20, 1945) is an American fiction writer. His short-story collection A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1993.
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Rod Stewart
Roderick David "Rod" Stewart, CBE (born 10 January 1945) is a British singer-songwriter born and raised in London, England and currently residing in Epping. He is of Scottish and English lineage.
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Roger Dobkowitz
Roger Kurt Dobkowitz (born July 30, 1945 in San Francisco, California) is the head of his own production company in Los Angeles, California. He is best known for his 24-year tenure as a producer of the CBS game show The Price Is Right. He graduated from San Francisco State University in 1972 after completing a thesis, An Historical Study of Prime-Time Network Audience Participation Shows 1948-1968. He currently writes a blog that reviews current and past movies.
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Roland Freisler
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Ron Dante
:Not to be confused with hypnotist Ronald Pellar, aka Ronald Dante or Dr. Dante.
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Ron Glass
Ronald E. "Ron" Glass (born July 10, 1945) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as the witty Det. Ron Harris in the television sitcom Barney Miller (1975-1982), and as the spiritual Shepherd Derrial Book in the science fiction series Firefly and its sequel film Serenity.
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Roy Saari
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Salvador Luria
Salvador Edward Luria (Turin, August 13, 1912 – Lexington, February 6, 1991) was an Italian microbiologist and a Nobel laureate (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) for his pioneering work with Max Delbrück and Alfred Hershey on phages in molecular biology.
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Sarah Weddington
Sarah Ragle Weddington (born February 5, 1945, in Abilene, Texas) is an American attorney and lecturer from Texas who gained worldwide fame when she and Linda Coffee represented "Jane Roe" (real name Norma McCorvey) in the landmark Roe v. Wade case in the United States Supreme Court.
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Shaw Clifton
Shaw Clifton (born 21 September 1945 in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is the General of The Salvation Army. He succeeded John Larsson as the 18th General on 2 April 2006.
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Sigurður Eggerz
Sigurður Eggerz (1 March 1875 – 16 November 1945) was Prime Minister of Iceland from 21 July 1914 to 4 May 1915, and from 7 March 1922 to 22 March 1924.
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Simon Wiesenthal
Simon Wiesenthal KBE (December 31, 1908September 20, 2005) was an Austrian-Jewish Holocaust survivor who became famous after World War II for his work as a Nazi hunter who pursued Nazi war criminals.
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Slovenes
Slovenes (Slovene Slovenci, dual Slovenca, singular Slovenec, feminine Slovenke, dual Slovenki, singular Slovenka) are a South Slavic people primarily associated with Slovenia and the Slovene language.
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Stefan Banach
Stefan Banach (1892–1945) was a Polish mathematician who worked in interwar Poland and in Soviet Ukraine.
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Steve Martin
Stephen Glenn "Steve" Martin (born August 14, 1945) is an American actor, comedian, writer, playwright, producer, musician and composer.
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Steven Fromholz
Steven Fromholz (born June 8, 1945 in Temple, Texas) is an entertainer, known mostly as a singer and songwriter.
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Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose () was born 23 January 1897; and presumed to have died 18 August 1945, although this is disputed, popularly known as Netaji (literally "Respected Leader"), was one of the most prominent leaders in the Indian independence movement and a legendary figure in india today.
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Sukarno
Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia.
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Susan Stafford
Susan Stafford (born Susan Gail Carney on October 13, 1945 in Lynn, Massachusetts) was the original hostess of the game show Wheel of Fortune from January 6, 1975 until she left on October 22, 1982. She also returned briefly in 1986 to substitute for Vanna White.
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Suzi Quatro
Susan Kay "Suzi" Quatro (born June 3, 1950) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress.
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Tammi Terrell
Thomasina Winifred Montgomery, known as Tammi Terrell (April 29, 1945 – March 16, 1970) was a Grammy Award-nominated American soul singer, most notable for her association with Motown and her duets with Marvin Gaye. As a teenager she recorded for the Scepter–Wand, Try Me and Checker record labels. She signed with Motown in April 1965 and enjoyed modest success as a solo singer. Once she was paired with Gaye in 1967, her stardom grew, but on October 14 of that year she collapsed on stage into Gaye's arms during a performance. She was soon thereafter diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor which eventually led to her death at the age of 24.
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Theodore Dreiser
Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser (August 27, 1871 – December 28, 1945) was an American novelist and journalist. He pioneered the naturalist school and is known for portraying characters whose value lies not in their moral code, but in their persistence against all obstacles, and literary situations that more closely resemble studies of nature than tales of choice and agency.
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American embryologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries relating the role the chromosome plays in heredity.
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Tom Ridge
Thomas Joseph "Tom" Ridge (born August 26, 1945) is an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives (1983–1995), the 43rd Governor of Pennsylvania (1995–2001), Assistant to the President for Homeland Security (2001–2003), and the first United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2003–2005). Since re-entering the private sector, Ridge has served on the boards of The Home Depot, The Hershey Company and Exelon Corporation and as a senior advisor to Deloitte & Touche, and TechRadium. Ridge is also the founder and CEO of Ridge Global, LLC, a Washington, D.C. based security consulting firm. Ridge spent time campaigning with fellow Republican, Senator John McCain during his 2008 bid for the presidency and was believed by some to have been in the short list of potential running mates. Ridge wrote in his memoir that then-Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and then-Attorney General John Ashcroft pressured him to raise the terror alert level, running up to the 2004 elections, because of a pre-election message critical of President Bush from Osama Bin Laden.
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Tom Selleck
Thomas William "Tom" Selleck (born January 29, 1945) is an American actor and film producer, best known for his starring role as Hawaii-based private investigator Thomas Magnum on the 1980s television show Magnum, P.I. He also plays Jesse Stone in a series of made-for-TV movies based on the Robert B. Parker novels. In 2010, he appears as Chief Frank Reagan in the drama Blue Bloods (TV series) on CBS.
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Tomas Burgos
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Tommy Svensson
Thomas "Tommy" Svensson (born 4 March 1945) is a Swedish football manager and former player. He is best known for playing for Östers IF and the Swedish national football team. He won the Guldbollen in 1969. He managed the Swedish National Team between 1991 and 1997 and led them to a bronze medal in the 1994 World Cup.
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Tomoyuki Yamashita
General was a general of the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II. He was most famous for conquering the British colonies of Malaya and Singapore, earning the nickname "The Tiger of Malaya".
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Tony Dow
Tony Lee Dow (born April 13, 1945) is an American film producer, director, sculptor, and a television child actor of the 1950s and 1960s.
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Tony Roche
Anthony "Tony" Dalton Roche (born 17 May 1945) is a former professional Australian tennis player, native of Tarcutta. He played junior tennis in the New South Wales regional city of Wagga Wagga. He is also very well known for coaching multi-grand slam winning World Number Ones Ivan Lendl, Patrick Rafter, Roger Federer, Lleyton Hewitt and former World Number 4, Jelena Dokić.
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Torgny Segerstedt
Torgny Karl Segerstedt (1 November 1876 – 31 March 1945) was a Swedish scholar of comparative religion, later publicist and editor-in-chief of the newspaper Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning from 1917 to 1945. As such he is remembered for his uncompromising anti-Nazi stance.
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Van Morrison
Van Morrison, OBE (born George Ivan Morrison; 31 August 1945) is a Northern Irish singer-songwriter and musician. His live performances at their best are regarded as transcendental and inspired; while some of his recordings, such as the studio albums Astral Weeks and Moondance, and the live album ''It's Too Late to Stop Now'', are widely viewed as among the greatest ever made.
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Victor Sloan
Victor Sloan (born Dungannon, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, 1945) is an Irish photographer and artist.
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Victoria Wyndham
Victoria Wyndham (born Victoria Camargo in Chicago, Illinois on May 22, 1945) is an American actress of Mexican descent.
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Vidkun Quisling
Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (July 18, 1887 – October 24, 1945) was a Norwegian army officer and politician, who served as President of occupied Norway. He worked with Fridtjof Nansen during the famine in the Soviet Union, and served as Minister of Defence in the Bondepartiet government 1931–1933. In 1933 he founded the nationalist party Nasjonal Samling ("National Gathering"), and during World War II, from 1942 to 1945, he served as Minister-President of the collaborationist Norwegian government, after being appointed by the German authorities. After the war he was tried for high treason and executed by firing squad at Akershus Fortress. Today in Norway and other parts of the world, "Quisling" is a synonym for "Traitor".
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to 15 May 1975 when the Mayaguez Incident concluded and two weeks after the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. The 'Mayaguez incident' involving the Khmer Rouge government in Cambodia on 12–15 May 1975, marked the last official battle of the United States (U.S.) involvement in the Vietnam War. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other anti-communist nations.
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Viktor Saneyev
Viktor Saneyev (, ) (born October 3, 1945 in Sukhumi) is a retired triple jumper, who competed internationally for the USSR and won four Olympic medals; three golds (1968, 1972 and 1976) and one silver (1980). He was born in Sukhumi, Georgian SSR. He dominated the event during the late 1960s and 1970s. Saneyev trained in Sukhumi and later in Tbilisi at Dynamo.
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Vince Foster
Vincent Walker Foster, Jr. (January 15, 1945 - July 20, 1993) was a Deputy White House Counsel during the first term of President Bill Clinton, and also a law partner and friend of Hillary Rodham Clinton. His death was ruled a suicide by multiple official investigations, but remains a subject of interest among conspiracy theorists.
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Vince McMahon
Vincent Kennedy "Vince" McMahon Jr. (born August 24, 1945) is an American professional wrestling promoter, announcer, commentator, film producer and former occasional professional wrestler, and is often referred to as the archetypal wrestling magnate. McMahon currently serves as the chairman and CEO of professional wrestling promotion World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and is the majority shareholder of the company, holding approximately 88% of the total voting power within WWE. Upon acquiring World Championship Wrestling and Extreme Championship Wrestling, McMahon's WWE became the sole remaining major American professional wrestling promotion until the national expansion of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling and Ring of Honor.
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Violette Szabo
Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell Szabo, GC, MBE, (26 June 1921 – c. 5 February 1945) was a World War II British secret agent.
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W. V. Awdry
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Walt Frazier
Walter "Clyde" Frazier (born March 29, 1945, in Atlanta, Georgia) is a retired American basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Blessed with a unique combination of court vision, quickness, and size (he stands 6'4") for a guard. As their floor general, he led the New York Knicks to the franchise's only two NBA Championships (1970 & 1973), and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987. Upon his retirement from basketball, Frazier went into broadcasting; he is currently the color commentator for telecasts of Knicks games on the MSG Network.
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Walter Ulbricht
Walter Ulbricht (30 June 1893 – 1 August 1973) was a German communist politician. As General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1950 to 1971, he played a leading role in the early development and establishment of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
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war correspondent
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Werner Schroeter
Werner Schroeter (7 April 1945 – 12 April 2010) was a German film director and screenwriter, who some consider among the most important German writer-directors of the post-war period.
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Wernher von Braun
Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23, 1912 – June 16, 1977) was a German-American rocket scientist, engineer, space architect, and one of the leading figures in the development of rocket technology in Germany and the United States during and after World War II. A one-time member of the Nazi party and a commissioned SS officer, von Braun would later be regarded as the preeminent rocket engineer of the 20th century in his role with the United States civilian space agency NASA.
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Wilhelm Canaris
Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a German admiral, head of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944 and member of the German Resistance.
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Wilhelm Rediess
Wilhelm Rediess (10 October 1900 – 8 May 1945) was the SS and Police Leader during the German occupation of Norway in the Second World War. He was also the commanding General (Obergruppenführer) of all SS troops stationed in occupied Norway, assuming command on 22 June 1940 until his death in 1945.
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Willem Ruis
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William J. Simmons
William Joseph Simmons (May 6, 1880 in Harpersville, Alabama – May 18, 1945 in Atlanta, Georgia) was the founder of the second Ku Klux Klan on Thanksgiving Night of 1915.
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William Joyce
William Joyce (April 24, 1906 – January 3, 1946), nicknamed Lord Haw-Haw, was a fascist politician and Nazi propaganda broadcaster to the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He was hanged for treason by the British as a result of his wartime activities.
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Wilma Mankiller
Wilma Pearl Mankiller (November 18, 1945 – April 6, 2010) was the first female Chief of the Cherokee Nation. She served as the Principal Chief for ten years from 1985 to 1995.
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Wim Wenders
Ernst Wilhelm "Wim" Wenders (born 14 August 1945) is a German film director, playwright, author, photographer and producer.
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Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War (WWII). He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He served as prime minister twice (1940–1945 and 1951–1955). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to be recognised as an honorary citizen of the United States.
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Wolfgang Pauli
Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (April 25, 1900 – December 15, 1958) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics. In 1945, after being nominated by Albert Einstein, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "decisive contribution through his discovery of a new law of Nature, the exclusion principle or Pauli principle," involving spin theory, underpinning the structure of matter and the whole of chemistry.
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Yochanan Vollach
Yochanan Vollach (, sometimes spelled Jochanan Wallach or Yohanan Wallach, born 14 May 1945) is a former Israeli footballer. He was a member of the Israeli national team that competed at the 1970 FIFA World Cup. Today, Vollach is president of the Maccabi Haifa sport organization as well as being the president and CEO of Newlog, a subsidiary of Israeli shipping company Zim.
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Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslaveni Cyrillic script: Југословени; Slovene: Jugoslovani; Macedonian: Jugosloveni) is a national designation used by a small minority of South Slavs across the countries of Former Yugoslavia and in diaspora.
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Yvan Ponton
Yvan Ponton (born October 22, 1945 in Farnham, Quebec) is a Quebec actor, commentator and television host. Ponton has had a lengthy acting career which included roles in major Quebec television series and movies as well as the 1977 film Slap Shot.
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Yıldo
Yıldo, real name Ahmet Yıldırım Benayyat (born 18 October 1945), is a famous Turkish showman (talk show host), actor, retired football and volleyball player.
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Élise Rivet
Élise Rivet (January 19, 1890, Draria, Algeria – March 30, 1945, Ravensbrück concentration camp, Germany) was a Roman Catholic and World War II heroine.
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Algeria
Algeria (Arabic: , al-Jazā’ir, Berber: Dzayer, French: Algérie), officially the '''People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria'''), is a country in North Africa. In terms of land area, it is the largest country on the Mediterranean Sea, the second largest on the African continent after Sudan, and the eleventh-largest country in the world.
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam (; Dutch ) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, with an urban population of 1,364,422 and a metropolitan population of 2,158,372. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe, with a population of approximately 6.7 million.
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Arab League
{{Infobox Country
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argentina
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Australia
{{Infobox country
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Bachem Ba 349
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Banque de France
The Banque de France is the central bank of France; it is linked to the European Central Bank (ECB). Its main charge is to implement the interest rate policy of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). It is headquartered in Paris.
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Bataan
Bataan is a province of the Philippines occupying the whole of Bataan Peninsula on Luzon. The province is part of the Central Luzon region. The capital of Bataan is Balanga City and is bordered by the provinces of Zambales and Pampanga to the north. The peninsula faces South China Sea to the west and Subic Bay to the north-west, and encloses Manila Bay to the east.
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Battle of Iwo Jima
The Battle of Iwo Jima (February 19 – March 26, 1945), or 'Operation Detachment', was a battle in which the United States fought for and captured Iwo Jima from Japan. The U.S. invasion was charged with the mission of capturing the two airfields on Iwo Jima. The battle produced some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign of World War II.
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Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
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Belgrade
Belgrade (Serbian: Београд, Beograd - ) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city lies at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. With a population of 1,630,000 (official estimate 2007), Belgrade is the fourth largest city in Southeastern Europe, after Istanbul, Athens and Bucharest. Its name in Serbian translates to White city.
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Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
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Black Friday (1945)
Black Friday is a term used to refer to the air and anti-shipping battle waged by British and British Commonwealth aircraft, and German aircraft and ships, on 9 February 1945. It was the largest aerial clash over Norway during World War II. At the time Norway had been under German military occupation for five years since the Nazi invasion on 9 April 1940.>
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Bly, Oregon
Bly is an unincorporated community in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. It is about east of Klamath Falls. , the population was 486.
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Bombing of Tokyo
The bombing of Tokyo by the United States Army Air Forces took place during the Pacific campaigns of World War II. The United States mounted a single spectacular raid on Tokyo in April 1942. Strategic bombing and urban area bombing began in 1944 after the long-range B-29 Super Fortress bomber entered service, first employed from China and thereafter the Mariana Islands. B-29 raids from those islands commenced on November 17, 1944 and lasted until August 15, 1945, the day Japan capitulated. Out of numerous air raids on Japan's capital, five of which collectively destroyed over 51% of the metropolis, the so-called Great Tokyo Air Raid of 9-10 March 1945 warrants attention for being one of the most destructive bombing raids in history.
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Boston
Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. Boston city proper had a 2009 estimated population of 645,169, making it the twentieth largest in the country. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region includes six Massachusetts counties, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Plymouth, and Worcester, all of Rhode Island and parts of New Hampshire; it is home to 7.5 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
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Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Broadway theatre
Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 40 large professional theatres with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York and in Lincoln Center, in Manhattan, New York City.Although theater is the preferred spelling in the U.S.A. (see further at American and British English Spelling Differences), the majority of venues, performers, and trade groups for live dramatic presentations use the spelling theatre. Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.
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Bucharest
Bucharest ( ) is the capital city, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the Dâmboviţa River.
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Budapest
Budapest (, also , ; ; ) is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it serves as the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2010, Budapest had 1,721,556 inhabitants, down from 1980 peak of 2.06 million. The Budapest Commuter Area is home to 3,271,110 people. The city covers an area of within the city limits. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river Danube with a unification on 17 November 1873 of right (west)-bank Buda and Óbuda with left (east)-bank Pest.
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Cabanatuan City
The City of Cabanatuan (Ilokano: Ciudad ti Cabanatuan; Kapampangan: Lakanbalen ning Cabanatuan/Siudad ning Cabanatuan; Pangasinan: Siyudad na Cabanatuan/Lunsod na Cabanatuan; Filipino: Lungsod ng Cabanatuan) is a first class, urban city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It is considered the commerce, industrial and educational hub of the province. According to the latest census, it has a population of 259,267 people in 45,424 households which makes it the largest city in the province and fifth all over the region. It is a bustling city home to many jeepneys and tricycles. It bears the title as the "Tricycle Capital of the Philippines", because it has about over 38,202 (as of September 2009) registered tricycles.
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Cairo
Cairo (; , literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror") is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the 10th century, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in adjacent Giza.
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Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Carinthia (state)
{{Infobox settlement
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Carpathian Ruthenia
Carpathian Ruthenia, Transcarpathian Ruthenia, Transcarpathian Ukraine, Zakarpattia, Rusinko, Subcarpathian Rus, Subcarpathia (Rusyn and Ukrainian: Карпатська Русь, romanised: Karpats’ka Rus’; Russian: Карпатская Русь, romanised: Karpatskaya Rus’; Slovak and Czech: Podkarpatská Rus; ; ; ; ) is a small region in Central Europe, now mostly in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast (Ukrainian: Zakarpats’ka oblast’), easternmost Slovakia (largely in Prešov kraj and Košice kraj), Poland's Lemkovyna and Romanian Maramureş.
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Castelvecchio Bridge
The Castelvecchio Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Castelvecchio) or Scaliger Bridge (Italian: Ponte Scaligero) is a fortified bridge in Verona, northern Italy, over the Adige River. The segmental arch bridge featured the world's largest span at the time of its construction (48.70 m).
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Chalk River, Ontario
Chalk River (2006 pop.: 800) is a Canadian rural community part of the Laurentian Hills municipality in Renfrew County, Ontario. It is located in the Upper Ottawa Valley along Highway 17 (Trans-Canada Highway), 10 km inland (west) from the Ottawa River, approximately 21 km northwest of Petawawa, and 182 km northwest of Ottawa. Chalk River was a separate municipality until January 1, 2000, when the United Townships of Rolph, Buchanan, Wylie and McKay and the Village of Chalk River were merged together.
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Chile
Chile (, in English often pronounced //,), officially the Republic of Chile ( ), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. With Ecuador, it is one of two countries in South America which do not border Brazil. The Pacific coastline of Chile is 6,435 kilometres (4000 mi). Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992. From 1939 to 1945 the state did not have de facto existence, due to its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, but the Czechoslovak government-in-exile nevertheless continued to exist during this period. In 1945 the eastern part of Carpathian Ruthenia was taken over by the Soviet Union. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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Denmark
Denmark (; , , archaic: ), officially the Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: ) together with Greenland and the Faroe Islands, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably Zealand (Sjælland), Funen (Fyn), Vendsyssel-Thy (commonly considered a part of Jutland), Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea; before the digging of the Kiel Canal, water passage to the Baltic Sea was possible only through the three channels known as the "Danish straits".
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DePaul University
DePaul University is a private institution of higher education and research in Chicago, Illinois. Founded by the Vincentians in 1898, the university takes its name from the 17th century French priest, Saint Vincent de Paul, who valued philanthropy. The student body consists of about 25,100 students (approximately 16,200 undergraduate and 8,870 graduate/law), making DePaul the largest Roman Catholic university and one of the 10 largest private universities in the United States; it is the largest private university in Illinois. DePaul is a member of the Big East Conference.
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Dodecanese
The Dodecanese (, Dodekánisa, , literally "twelve islands") are a group of 12 larger plus 150 smaller Greek islands in the Aegean Sea, off the southwest coast of Turkey, southward of the island of Samos and northeastward of the island of Crete. They have a rich history, and many of even the smallest inhabited islands boast dozens of Byzantine churches and medieval castles.
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East Prussia
East Prussia (, pronounced ; ; or Rytprūsiai; or Vostochnaya Prussiya) is the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast from the 13th century to the end of World War II in May 1945. From 1772–1829 and 1878–1945, the Province of East Prussia was part of the German state of Prussia. The capital city was Königsberg.
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Ecuador
Ecuador (), officially the Republic of Ecuador (, ), literally, "Republic of the equator") is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border with Brazil. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about west of the mainland.
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Egypt
Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
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England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
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ENIAC
ENIAC (), short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, was the first general-purpose, electronic computer. It was a Turing-complete, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.
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Enola Gay
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Fat Man
"Fat Man" is the codename for the atomic bomb that was detonated over Nagasaki, Japan, by the United States on August 9, 1945, at 10:47 PM (JSP). It was the second of the only two nuclear weapons to be used in warfare to date, and its detonation caused the third man-made nuclear explosion. The name also refers more generically to the early nuclear weapon designs of U.S. weapons based on the "Fat Man" model. It was an implosion-type weapon with a plutonium core, similar to the Trinity device tested only a month earlier in New Mexico.
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Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
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Fornovo di Taro
Fornovo di Taro is a comune (municipality) in the province of Parma, in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 100 km west of Bologna and about 25 km southwest of Parma.
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Førdefjorden
Førdefjorden is a fjord in Sogn og Fjordane county in the traditional district of Sunnfjord. It passes through the municipalities of Førde, Naustdal, Askvoll, and Flora. The fjord begins at the town of Førde, at the estuary of Jølstra river, which comes from the lake Jølstravatn. The water then travels west to the town of Florø where the long fjord splits into the Brufjorden and Stavfjorden before reaching the sea.
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Führerbunker
The Führerbunker (German, literally meaning "shelter/bunker [for the] leader" or "[the] Führer's shelter") was located beneath Hitler's New Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany. It was in this subterranean bunker that Adolf Hitler and his wife Eva Braun spent the last few weeks of the war and it was here their lives came to an end on April 30, 1945.
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Gdańsk Bay
Gdańsk Bay or the Bay of Gdańsk or Danzig Bay (; ; , and ) is a southeastern bay of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the adjacent port city of Gdańsk in Poland and is sometimes referred to as a gulf.
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Gdynia
Gdynia (, ) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and an important seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea.
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Guatemala
Guatemala (; , ) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. Its area is 108,890 km² (42,043 mi²) with an estimated population of 13,276,517.
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Hamburg
Hamburg (; , local pronunciation Low German/Low Saxon: Hamborg ) is the second-largest city in Germany and the eighth-largest city in the European Union. The city is home to over 1.8 million people, while the Hamburg Metropolitan Region (including parts of the neighboring Federal States of Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein) has more than 4.3 million inhabitants. The port of Hamburg is the third-largest port in Europe (third to Port of Antwerp and Rotterdam), and the eighth largest in the world.
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Hanoi
Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Nội) , estimated population nearly 6.5 million (2009), is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Huế during the Nguyễn Dynasty as the capital of Vietnam, but Hanoi served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1954. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam.
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Hiroshima
() is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, the largest island of Japan. It became the first city in history to be destroyed by a nuclear weapon when the United States of America dropped an atomic bomb on it at 8:15 A.M. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II.
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Hungary
Hungary ( ), officially the Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság ), is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe, being part of the Finno-Ugric family.
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Iceland
:
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Idaho
Idaho is a state in the United States of America. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890 as the 43rd state.
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Iejima
Iejima (伊江島) is an island in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, lying a few kilometers off the Motobu Peninsula of Okinawa Honto, Okinawa Islands. It measures 20 km around and has a population of 5,055. The island constitutes Ie Village and is connected to the Okinawa Motobu-Wan by ferry (also going to Tomari).
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
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Interpol
Interpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL, is an organization facilitating international police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its common name in 1956.
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Intramuros
Intramuros, located along the southern bank of the Pasig River, was built by the Spaniards in the 16th century and is the oldest district of the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Its name, in Latin, intramuros, literally "within the walls", meaning within the wall enclosure of the city/fortress, also describes its structure as it is surrounded by thick, high walls and moats. During the Spanish colonial period, Intramuros was considered Manila itself.
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Israel
Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
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Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
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Japan
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
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Kiangan, Ifugao
Kiangan is a 4th class municipality in the province of Ifugao, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 15,448 people in 2,692 households.
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Kobe
is the sixth-largest city in Japan and is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture on the southern side of the main island of Honshū, approximately west of Tokyo. Kobe is a prominent port city with a population of about 1.5 million. The city is located in the Kansai region of Japan and is part of the metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto. Keihanshin in turn is part of the Taiheiyō Belt, a megalopolis. Kobe is classified as one of Japan's seventeen designated cities.
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Korea
Korea ( Hanguk or Joseon – South and North Korea, respectively (cf. etymology)) is a territory of East Asia that was formerly unified under one state, but now divided into two separate states and a region in northeastern Asia. Located on the Korean Peninsula, it is bordered by China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
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Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
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Little Boy
"Little Boy" was the codename of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets of the 393d Bombardment Squadron, Heavy, of the United States Army Air Forces. It was the first atomic bomb to be used as a weapon. The second, the "Fat Man", was dropped three days later on Nagasaki.
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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Los Baños, Laguna
Los Baños is a 1st class urban municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 98,631 inhabitants in 17,030 households. It has a total land area of 56.5 square kilometers and is bordered on the south and southwest by Mount Makiling, on the north by Laguna de Bay, on the northwest by Calamba City and on the east by the town of Bay. The town is located 63 kilometers southeast of Manila and is accessible via the South Luzon Expressway.
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Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony ( ) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany. In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, is still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining.
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Mandalay
Mandalay (; , or ) is the second-largest city and the last royal capital of Burma. Located north of Yangon on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River, the city has a population of one million, and is the capital of Mandalay Region (formerly Mandalay Division).
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Milan
Milan (, ; Western Lombard: Milan, ) is a city in Italy and the capital of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1,310,000, while the urban area is the first in Italy and the fifth largest in the European Union with a population of 4,345,000 over an area of . The Milan metropolitan area, by far the largest in Italy, is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 7,400,000.
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Montese
Montese is a town in the province of Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
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Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
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MV Wilhelm Gustloff
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Nagasaki
() is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū in Japan. Nagasaki began as a small fishing village, formerly part of Nishisonogi District. It became a center of Portuguese and European influence in the 16th through 19th centuries. Nagasaki was home to a major Imperial Japanese Navy base during the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, is the common name for the country of Germany while governed by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) from 1933 to 1945. Third Reich () denotes the Nazi state as a historical successor to the medieval Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) and to the modern German Empire (1871–1918). Nazi Germany had two official names, the Deutsches Reich (German Reich), from 1933 to 1943, when it became Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich).
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Netherlands
{{Infobox country
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New Mexico
New Mexico() is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also part of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth- most sparsely inhabited U.S. state.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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Norway
Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe occupying the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, as well as Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.8 million. It is one of the most sparsely populated countries in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; and Denmark lies south of its southern tip across the Skagerrak Strait. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the main victorious Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany.
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Okinawa Prefecture
is one of Japan's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1,000 km long, which extends southwest from Kyūshū (the southwesternmost of Japan's main four islands) to Taiwan. Okinawa's capital, Naha, is located in the southern part of the largest and most populous island, Okinawa Island, which is approximately half-way between Kyūshū and Taiwan. The disputed Senkaku Islands (Mandarin: Diaoyu Islands) are also administered as part of Okinawa Prefecture at present.
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Operation Varsity
Operation Varsity (24 March 1945) was a joint American–British airborne operation that took place toward the end of World War II. Involving more than 16,000 paratroopers and several thousand aircraft, it was the largest single airborne operation in history to be conducted on a single day and in one location.
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.
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Pakistan
{{Infobox country
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Paraguay
Paraguay (), officially the Republic of Paraguay (, ; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái ), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the country from north to south. Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as Corazón de América, or the Heart of America.
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Philippine Sea
The Philippine Sea is a marginal sea east and north of the Philippines occupying an estimated surface area of 2 Million mi² (5 Million km²) on the western part of the North Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by the Philippine archipelago (Luzon, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao) on the southwest; Palau, Yap, and Ulithi (of the Carolines) on the southeast; the Marianas, including Guam, Saipan, and Tinian, on the east; the Bonin and Iwo Jima on the northeast; the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyūshū on the north; the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa, Miyako, and Yaeyama) on the northwest; and Taiwan in the extreme west.
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Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
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Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
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Poznań
Poznań (; ; Poyzn) is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral.
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Prague
Prague (; , see also ) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Nicknames for Prague have included: Praga mater urbium/Praha matka měst ("Prague – Mother of Cities") in Latin/Czech, Stověžatá Praha ("City of a Hundred Spires") in Czech and Zlaté město/Goldene Stadt ("Golden City") in Czech/German.
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Raid at Cabanatuan
The Raid at Cabanatuan was a rescue of Allied prisoners of war (POWs) and civilians from a Japanese camp near Cabanatuan City, in the Philippines. On January 30, 1945, during World War II, United States Army Rangers, Alamo Scouts, and Filipino guerrillas liberated more than 500 from the POW camp.
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Red Square
Red Square (, Krásnaya plóshchad’) is a city square in Moscow. The square separates the Kremlin, the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia, from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitai-gorod. As major streets of Moscow radiate from here in all directions, being promoted to major highways outside the city, Red Square is often considered the central square of Moscow and all of Russia.
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Reich Chancellery
The Reich Chancellery () was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (Reichskanzler) from 1871 to 1945. Today the office is usually called Kanzleramt (Chancellor's Office), or more formally Bundeskanzleramt (Federal Chancellor's Office).
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Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
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San Francisco
San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 12th most populous city in the United States, with a 2009 estimated population of 815,358. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of 17,323 people/mi² (6,688.4 people/km²). It is the most densely-settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States. San Francisco is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of more than 7.4 million.
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Sarajevo
Sarajevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Сарајево) is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 305,242 people in the four municipalities that make up the city proper, and a metro area population of 423,645 people in the Sarajevo Canton . It is also the capital of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, as well as the center of the Sarajevo Canton. Sarajevo is located in the Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated around the Miljacka river.
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Sarawak
Sarawak () is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang ("Land of the Hornbills"), it is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia; the second largest, Sabah, lies to the northeast.
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Schutzstaffel
The Schutzstaffel (, Protection Squadron), abbreviated SS—or with stylized "Armanen" Sig runes —was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II, and most of the particularly egregious ones.
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Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
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Singapore
{{Infobox Country
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Slovenia
Slovenia ( ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (, ), is a country in Central Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy on the west, the Adriatic Sea on the southwest, Croatia on the south and east, Hungary on the northeast, and Austria on the north. The capital and largest city of Slovenia is Ljubljana.
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Slovenj Gradec
Slovenj Gradec () is a town and a municipality formerly in the Slovene Styria region, now in the recently enlarged Carinthia statistical region of northern Slovenia. The town is located around 45 km west of Maribor and 65 km northeast of Ljubljana.
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
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Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Tokyo
, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. It is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family.
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Trieste
Trieste (, ; ; ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south, east and north of the city. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste and throughout history it has been influenced by its location at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin and Slavic cultures. In 2009, it had a population of about 205,000 and it is the capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trieste province.
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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USS Missouri (BB-63)
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USSR
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Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south. Its roughly northern coastline includes numerous islands in the Caribbean Sea, and in the north east borders the northern Atlantic Ocean. Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Curaçao, Aruba and the Leeward Antilles lie near the Venezuelan coast. Venezuela's territory covers around with an estimated population of 26,414,816. Venezuela is considered a country with extremely high biodiversity, with habitats ranging from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.
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Verona
Verona () is a city in Veneto, northern Italy, home to approx. 265,000 inhabitants and one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the second most populated municipality of the region and the third of North-East Italy. The metro area of Verona has an area of and has a population of 714.274 inhabitants. It is one of the main tourist destinations in northern Italy, thanks to its artistic heritage, several annual fairs, shows, and operas, such as the lyrical season in the Arena, the ancient amphitheatre built by the Romans.
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Vienna
Vienna (; ; ) is the capital of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million (2.3 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by population in the European Union. Vienna is host to many major international organizations such as the United Nations and OPEC.
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Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
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Warsaw
Warsaw ( ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population as of June 2009 was estimated at 1,711,466, and the Warsaw metropolitan area at approximately 2,785,000. The city area is , with an agglomeration of (Warsaw Metro Area Obszar Metropolitalny Warszawy). Warsaw is the 9th largest city in the European Union by population.
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William J. Simmons
William Joseph Simmons (May 6, 1880 in Harpersville, Alabama – May 18, 1945 in Atlanta, Georgia) was the founder of the second Ku Klux Klan on Thanksgiving Night of 1915.
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Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference, was the February 4–11, 1945 wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin, respectively—for the purpose of discussing Europe's postwar reorganization. Mainly, it was intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe. The conference convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta, the Crimea. It was the second of three wartime conferences among the Big Three (Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin). It had been preceded by the Tehran Conference in 1943, and it was followed by the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, which was attended by Harry S. Truman in place of the late Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill — himself replaced mid-point by the newly elected Prime Minister Clement Attlee.
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Yokohama
() is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshū. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.
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Yougoslavia
http://wn.com/Yougoslavia
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- allies of WWII
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Holland, 1945 by Neutral Milk Hotel
Holland, 1945 by Neutral Milk Hotel, from their album "In The Aeroplane Over The Sea" Enjoy
http://wn.com/Holland,_1945_by_Neutral_Milk_Hotel
Nuclear Detonation Timeline "1945-1998"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Published: 13 Jul 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Feb 2012
- Author: 0Dont0Blink0
The 2053 nuclear tests and explosions that took place between 1945 and 1998 are plotted visually and audibly on a world map. As the video starts out detonations are few and far between. The first three detonations represent the Manhattan Project and the two bombs that ended World War II. After a few representative minutes the USSR and Britain enter the nuclear club and the testing really starts to heat up. Even though the video does not differentiate between sub-critical "safety" tests and full detonations, you get a good idea of the fever of the nuclear arms race. The time line does not extent to tests by North Korea (October 2006 and May 2009). video credit: goes to Isao Hashimoto (www.ctbto.org/specials/1945-1998-by-isao-hashimoto/) The video was cleaned up, re-sized and edited to fit You tube's 10min limit by the folks at Bit of Fun
http://wn.com/Nuclear_Detonation_Timeline_1945-1998
Swing Dancing from the Movie Twiced Blessed (1945)
Swing Dancing from the Movie Twiced Blessed (1945). Some square cats try their best in a swing dance contest. Dancers cutting a major rug - Hal Takier & Alice Scott, Lenny & Kay Smith, Wally & Mousie Albright, Freda Angela Wyckoff, Bob Ashley, Chuck Saggau. www.atownagency.com
http://wn.com/Swing_Dancing_from_the_Movie_Twiced_Blessed_1945
Berlin May 1945.
The soviet red army entering Berlin, while George Patton's army was ordered for a complete halt, just to permit hordes of red beasts burn and rape. US Army General George Patton had an strange automobile accident a few months later and died at a military hospital due to his wounds. Maybe he knew too much. PD: I wote "hordes of red beasts". Related to communism, never to the russian people.
http://wn.com/Berlin_May_1945
BERLIN - May 14, 1945 (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Published: 07 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Feb 2012
- Author: UnknownWW2InColor
www.romanoarchives.tk May, 14 1945. Berlin in ruins (including aerial shots).Music score (Demo Only) added in 2010 by ROMANO-ARCHIVES (Introspective - "Crossing Borders"). Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. "SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!" V. Romano This is a clip from the ROMANO-ARCHIVES' new website "Unknown World War 2 in Color"-"WW2 Post-War" section. At www.unknownww2incolor.tk Visit also www.romanoarchives.tk A Hi-Def silent copy of this clip is available. Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.
http://wn.com/BERLIN__May_14,_1945_HD
Social Distortion - 1945
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Published: 23 Oct 2007
- Uploaded: 29 Jan 2012
- Author: alltheluck
Social Distortion practice 1983
http://wn.com/Social_Distortion__1945
1945 Outstanding Gun Camera Raw Footage from Japan (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:05
- Published: 18 Sep 2010
- Uploaded: 02 Feb 2012
- Author: UnknownWW2InColor
www.romanoarchives.tk This is the 1stclip of a series of 3 we encoded using recently declassified raw footage filmed in Japan by the USAAF and later partly used in the propaganda film "The Last Bomb". Other videos selected among the posted material on topic www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com Music score (Demo Only) added in 2010 by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. (Arrial - Shiver, Marsen Jules Rework) Video Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. "SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!" V. Romano This is a clip from the ROMANO-ARCHIVES' new website "Unknown World War 2 in Color"-"WW2 Japan & Pacific" section. At: www.unknownww2incolor.tk Visit also: www.romanoarchives.tk A broadcasting-quality silent version of this clip is available. Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.
http://wn.com/1945_Outstanding_Gun_Camera_Raw_Footage_from_Japan_HD
Woody Guthrie - 1945
One of the two surviving film clips of Woody Guthrie performing. This one, of "Ranger's Command," is from 1945. The other, of "John Henry," with Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, is already on YouTube.
http://wn.com/Woody_Guthrie__1945
Nuclear Testing 1945 - 1998 Complete Video HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:25
- Published: 06 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Feb 2012
- Author: TitusFlavius79
"2053" - This is the number of nuclear explosions conducted in various parts of the globe. Japanese artist Isao Hashimoto has created a beautiful, undeniably scary time-lapse map of the 2053 nuclear explosions which have taken place between 1945 and 1998, beginning with the Manhattan Project's "Trinity" test near Los Alamos and concluding with Pakistan's nuclear tests in May of 1998. This leaves out North Korea's two alleged nuclear tests in this past decade. Each nation gets a blip and a flashing dot on the map whenever they detonate a nuclear weapon, with a running tally kept on the top and bottom bars of the screen. Video credit: Isao Hashimoto
http://wn.com/Nuclear_Testing_1945__1998_Complete_Video_HD
1945 Victory Parade in Color (1)
Part 1 of the 1945 Victory Parade video in Color. Translation: 24th of June 1945. Here, at the walls of the Sacred Kremlin, the country met its children, that came back with Victory. The Heroes of unprecedented battles on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War: from the Barents Sea to the Black sea. The summary regiments. Here are those who boosted Dnepr and Oder, who took the snowy Carpathian crossings. Who brought back freedom to Kiev and Minsk, who freed Sevastopol and Odessa, who fought in the streets of Budapest, Keninsberg, Vienna and who raised the Banner of our Victory above Berlin. The 200 banners of the defeated Hitler armies are at the feet of the winners. The tribunes are being filled with guests: Deputies of the Supreme Council of USSR, participants of anniversary celebrations of the academy of sciences, Generals, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Masters of culture, Stakhanovites of Moscow factories and plants. 9 hours 55 minutes in the morning. On the tribune of the Mausoleum Comrade Stalin, Leaders of the Party and members of USSR government. Soviet Union Marshal Rokosovky is controlling the Parade. Marshal Zhukov is greeting the Parade. To be continued.
http://wn.com/1945_Victory_Parade_in_Color_1
US war department anti-Japanese propaganda film 1945
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Published: 02 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 03 Feb 2012
- Author: MediaBurnArchive
Clip from an archival 1945 World War II propaganda film released by the US War Department entitled "Know Your Enemy: Japan." You can watch the hour-long film in its entirety for free at the Media Burn Archive: mediaburn.org
http://wn.com/US_war_department_anti-Japanese_propaganda_film_1945
Neutral Milk Hotel / Jeff Mangum - Holland, 1945
10/14/97 40 Watt Club, Athens, GA Neutral Milk Hotel Jeff Mangum Downloaded from: www.the-collective.net
http://wn.com/Neutral_Milk_Hotel_/_Jeff_Mangum__Holland,_1945
![Soviet Victory Parade of 1945 [Part I]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120307061218im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/MD9fqcFijUA/0.jpg "Soviet Victory Parade of 1945 [Part I]")
Soviet Victory Parade of 1945 [Part I]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:24
- Published: 24 Jan 2008
- Uploaded: 03 Feb 2012
- Author: lazarodesouzagomes
Moscow Victory Parade of 1945 was a victory parade held after the defeat of Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War. It took place in the Soviet capital of Moscow, mostly centering around a military parade through Red Square. The parade took place on a rainy June 24, 1945, over a month after May 9th, the day of Germany's surrender to Soviet commanders. Marshals Georgy Zhukov, who had formally accepted the German surrender to the Soviet Union, and Konstantin Rokossovsky, rode through the parade ground on white and black stallions, respectively. The fact is commemorated by the equestrian statue of Zhukov in front of the State Historical Museum, on Manege Square. The Premier of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin stood atop of Lenin's Mausoleum and watched the parade. Displays of the Red Army aircraft and vehicles were some of the focal points of the ceremony. One of the most famous moments at the end of the troops parade took place when various Red Army soldiers carried the banners of Nazi Germany and threw them down next to the Mausoleum. One of the standards that were tossed down belonged to the Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler, Hitler's personal bodyguard raised to divisional size.
http://wn.com/Soviet_Victory_Parade_of_1945_ Part_I
Dreams designed by Dalí in Spellbound (1945)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Published: 31 Aug 2008
- Uploaded: 04 Feb 2012
- Author: ruizdechavez
PLAYLIST: www.youtube.com Spellbound (1945) is a psychological mystery thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock Complete movie in: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Dreams_designed_by_Dalí_in_Spellbound_1945
1945-1998 (by Isao Hashimoto, Japan, © 2003)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:25
- Published: 08 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 04 Feb 2012
- Author: netzsheriff
"2053" - This is the number of nuclear explosions conducted in various parts of the globe from 1954-1998.
http://wn.com/1945-1998_by_Isao_Hashimoto,_Japan,_©_2003
Scale model airplanes from 1945
U-Control scale model airplanes are displayed in this 1945 newsreel
http://wn.com/Scale_model_airplanes_from_1945
Japanese Surrender in Color (1945)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:42
- Published: 28 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 31 Jan 2012
- Author: usnavyhistory
This color footage of the Japanese surrender ceremony on board the battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) on 2 September 1945, was filmed by Commander George F. Kosco. In 2010, the Kosco family had the film restored, and the footage is presented now for viewing by the public. Source: Naval History and Heritage Command, Photographic Section. (Note: The original footage is silent. The 2010 restoration of the film by the Kosco family includes overdubbed music by the United States Navy Band, which has been removed to avoid possible YouTube copyright violations).
http://wn.com/Japanese_Surrender_in_Color_1945
Goofy Cartoon - Hockey Homicide (1945)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:43
- Published: 06 May 2008
- Uploaded: 05 Feb 2012
- Author: floridaeels
Cartoon Hockey Homicide (1945)
http://wn.com/Goofy_Cartoon__Hockey_Homicide_1945
Tokyo Woes (1945)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Published: 04 Nov 2006
- Uploaded: 02 Feb 2012
- Author: albertomin
This cartoon (along with other "Hook" cartoons) was found by accident in the garage of a former soldier who had saved them, thinking they were "Private Snafu" shorts. The cartoon was finally discovered in the mid-1990s when an A&E documentary on war cartoons began production. It turned out that Warners made these shorts for the US Navy and because they wanted to keep this a secret, all original negatives were destroyed shortly after release. The "Hook" shorts that were given to the cartoon researchers had "vinegar syndrome" and have deteriorated, but fortunately before that happened, they transferred them to video. ~ Source; IMDB.
http://wn.com/Tokyo_Woes_1945
A Time-Lapse Map of Every Nuclear Explosion Since 1945 - by Isao Hashimoto
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:25
- Published: 24 Oct 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Feb 2012
- Author: aConcernedHuman
Japanese artist Isao Hashimoto has created a beautiful, undeniably scary time-lapse map of the 2053 nuclear explosions which have taken place between 1945 and 1998, beginning with the Manhattan Project's "Trinity" test near Los Alamos and concluding with Pakistan's nuclear tests in May of 1998. This leaves out North Korea's two alleged nuclear tests in this past decade (the legitimacy of both of which is not 100% clear). Each nation gets a blip and a flashing dot on the map whenever they detonate a nuclear weapon, with a running tally kept on the top and bottom bars of the screen. Hashimoto, who began the project in 2003, says that he created it with the goal of showing"the fear and folly of nuclear weapons." It starts really slow — if you want to see real action, skip ahead to 1962 or so — but the buildup becomes overwhelming. www.ctbto.org Multimedia artwork "2053" - This is the number of nuclear explosions conducted in various parts of the globe.* Profile of the artist: Isao HASHIMOTO Born in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan in 1959. Worked for 17 years in financial industry as a foreign exchange dealer. Studied at Department of Arts, Policy and Management of Musashino Art University, Tokyo. Currently working for Lalique Museum, Hakone, Japan as a curator. Created artwork series expressing, in the artist's view, "the fear and the folly of nuclear weapons": "1945-1998" © 2003 "Overkilled" "The Names of Experiments" About "1945-1998" ©2003 "This piece of work is a bird's eye <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/A_Time-Lapse_Map_of_Every_Nuclear_Explosion_Since_1945__by_Isao_Hashimoto
River Oder, 1945, Wehrmacht, COLOR WAR FILM !
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Published: 02 Feb 2007
- Uploaded: 04 Feb 2012
- Author: makowski86
Oder front, 1945, one of the first full color film, from II World War!
http://wn.com/River_Oder,_1945,_Wehrmacht,_COLOR_WAR_FILM_!
Ostfront 1944 -1945
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:22
- Published: 03 Feb 2011
- Uploaded: 04 Feb 2012
- Author: HCTerrorist
NON-POLITICAL VIDEO! Budapest Offensive 1944 - Seelow Heights 1945 - battle of berlin 1945
http://wn.com/Ostfront_1944_-1945
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Creative Commons / MB![Academy Award winner and actor Ernest Borgnine shows off his new Chief Petty Officer (CPO) cover at the United States Navy Memorial in Washington, District of Columbia (DC). Mr. Borgnine was made an honorary US Navy (USN) CPO by Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) Terry Scott [not shown] on October 15, 2004. Mr. Borgnine served in the Navy for ten years from 1935-1945 and left the service as a Gunners Mate First Class . (Released to Public) 17 October 2004](http://web.archive.org./web/20120307061218im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/36/ea/6408c74e8842ba6d687a305149df_small.jpg "Academy Award winner and actor Ernest Borgnine shows off his new Chief Petty Officer (CPO) cover at the United States Navy Memorial in Washington, District of Columbia (DC). Mr. Borgnine was made an honorary US Navy (USN) CPO by Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) Terry Scott [not shown] on October 15, 2004. Mr. Borgnine served in the Navy for ten years from 1935-1945 and left the service as a Gunners Mate First Class . (Released to Public) 17 October 2004")
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![Academy Award winner and actor Ernest Borgnine shows off his new Chief Petty Officer (CPO) cover at the United States Navy Memorial in Washington, District of Columbia (DC). Mr. Borgnine was made an honorary US Navy (USN) CPO by Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) Terry Scott [not shown] on October 15, 2004. Mr. Borgnine served in the Navy for ten years from 1935-1945 and left the service as a Gunners Mate First Class . (Released to Public) 17 October 2004](http://web.archive.org./web/20120307061218/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/36/ea/6408c74e8842ba6d687a305149df_medium.jpg "Academy Award winner and actor Ernest Borgnine shows off his new Chief Petty Officer (CPO) cover at the United States Navy Memorial in Washington, District of Columbia (DC). Mr. Borgnine was made an honorary US Navy (USN) CPO by Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) Terry Scott [not shown] on October 15, 2004. Mr. Borgnine served in the Navy for ten years from 1935-1945 and left the service as a Gunners Mate First Class . (Released to Public) 17 October 2004")
photo: AP / Bebeto Matthews
28 Feb 2012
Today in a Black History Month special, we spend the hour with the award-winning author Walter Mosley, who many people were introduced to when Bill Clinton praised his book while running for...
photo: UN / UN
25 Feb 2012
UNITED NATIONS - Locked inside U.N. headquarters is a huge but largely unknown archive documenting 10,000 cases against accused World War II criminals, from Belgian charges against Adolf Hitler to the...
photo: WN
21 Feb 2012
WASHINGTON (AP) - Deaths from liver-destroying hepatitis C are on the rise, and new data shows baby boomers especially should take heed _ they are most at risk. Federal health officials are...
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March 3rd, 1945
03 Mar 2012
Irish Times
JOE JOYCE FROM THE ARCHIVES:�Writer Frank O'Connor took this look at George Bernard Shaw while reviewing one of Shaw's final books, Everybody's Political What's What. ALL WE need to know about any Irishman is with what sort of face he stepped off the gangway in Holyhead. When Shaw stepped off it in...(size: 3.0Kb)
Huffington Post
When was the last time you believed in daydreams (let alone indulged in them), white knights on steeds or waking up at six in the morning with a homecoming queen beside you? All that was made possible by an impish British invasion with a sometimes lead singer named Davy Jones for a manufactured pop...(size: 4.9Kb)
IMDb
When was the last time you believed in daydreams (let alone indulged in them), white knights on steeds or waking up at six in the morning...(size: 0.9Kb)
The Examiner
The '60's--the formative years of rock and roll--a crazy, wild, experimental time. Those of you--locally or intenationally--who caught the Monkees on tour last summer got to see the last incarnation of the band that will ever include Davy Jones, the 'cute' Monkee. Davy Jones died early...(size: 7.1Kb)
Obituary: Davy Jones: 1945-2012
01 Mar 2012
NZ Herald
He was the most boyish of teen idols, the object of the loudest screams at the concerts, the cutest and smallest of the bunch. There was certainly something about Davy Jones, with his perfect teeth, Beatles moptop and Mancunian accent. On screen he was in the habit of falling helplessly in love with...(size: 9.1Kb)
March 1st, 1945
01 Mar 2012
Irish Times
JOE JOYCE FROM THE ARCHIVES:�Rationing and other government restrictions during the second World War led to a thriving black market and other shenanigans which landed the Swords-based Fianna F�il TD for Co Dublin, Patrick J Fogarty, in court. The case was reported apparently only through the judge's...(size: 3.0Kb)
Davy Jones 1945-2012
29 Feb 2012
The Examiner
This isn’t really Doors news and The Monkees never played with The Doors (although Hendrix did open for them), but it’s just a little memorial for Davy Jones who died today at his Indiantown, Florida home at age 66. To millions of later baby boomers or early generation X children he was...(size: 7.3Kb)
IMDb
The death of Davy Jones from a heart attack at the age of 66 earlier today (February...(size: 0.6Kb)
Davy Jones, 1945 - 2012
29 Feb 2012
IMDb
Do watch that through to the end. By now, you'll have heard the news: "Davy Jones of the Monkees has died of an apparent heart attack at age...(size: 0.9Kb)
__NOTOC__
Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
January – American troops cross the Siegfried Line into Belgium.
January 5 – Australia recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland.
January 7 – British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference at Zonhoven describing his supporting role at the Battle of the Bulge.
January 12 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the Vistula-Oder Offensive in Eastern Europe against the Nazis.
January 17 – WWII: A Soviet patrol arrests Raoul Wallenberg in Hungary.
January 20
* WWII: The Soviet Union occupies Warsaw.
* The Holocaust: The evacuation of Auschwitz concentration camp begins.
January 22 – Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated to an unprecedented fourth term as President of the United States. No president before, or since, has ever reached a third term in office.
January 23 – Hungary drops out of WWII, agreeing to an armistice with the Allies.
January 26 – WWII: Infantry action at Holtzwihr, France, for which Audie Murphy is awarded the Medal of Honor.
January 27 – The Holocaust: The Red Army liberates the Auschwitz and Birkenau death camps.
January 28 – WWII: Supplies begin to reach China over the newly reopened Burma Road.
January 30
* The ''Wilhelm Gustloff'', with over 10,000 mainly civilian Germans from Gotenhafen (Gdynia) in the Gdansk Bay, is sunk by three torpedoes from the ''Soviet submarine S-13'' in the Baltic Sea; up to 9,400 are thought to have died – the greatest loss of life in a single ship sinking in war action in history..
* Raid at Cabanatuan: 121 American soldiers and 800 Filipino guerrillas free 813 American POWs from the Japanese-held camp at Cabanatuan City, Philippines.
January 31 – Eddie Slovik is executed by firing squad for desertion, the first American soldier since the American Civil War, and last to date to be executed for this offense.
February 3 – WWII:
* Battle of Manila: United States forces capture Manila from the Japanese Imperial Army.
* The Soviet Union agrees to enter the Pacific War against Japan once hostilities against Germany are concluded.
February 4–February 11 – WWII: President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin hold the Yalta Conference.
February 6 – French writer Robert Brasillach is executed for collaboration with the Germans.
February 7 – WWII: General Douglas MacArthur returns to Manila.
February 9
* Walter Ulbricht becomes leader of the German Communists in Moscow.
* WWII: "Black Friday": A force of Allied Bristol Beaufighter aircraft suffers heavy casualties in an unsuccessful attack on German destroyer ''Z33'' and escorting vessels sheltering in Førde Fjord, Norway.
February 10 – WWII: The ''SS General von Steuben'' is sunk by the Soviet submarine S-13.
February 13 – WWII:
* Soviet forces capture Budapest, Hungary from the Nazis.
* Royal Air Force bombing of Dresden, Germany.
February 14 – Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru join the United Nations.
February 16 – WWII:
* American and Filipino ground forces land on Corregidor Island in the Philippines.
* Combined American and Filipino forces recapture the Bataan Peninsula.
February 19–February 20 – 980 Japanese soldiers die as a result of a killing spree by long saltwater crocodiles in Ramree, Burma.
February 19 – WWII – Battle of Iwo Jima: About 30,000 United States Marines land on Iwo Jima.
February 21 – The last V-2-rocket is launched from Peenemünde.
February 23 – WWII:
* Battle of Iwo Jima: A group of United States Marines reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island and are photographed raising the American flag. The photo, ''Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima'' (taken by Joe Rosenthal), later wins a Pulitzer Prize.
* The 11th Airborne Division, with Filipino guerrillas, freed the captives of the Los Baños internment camp.
* The capital of the Philippines, Manila, is liberated by combined American and Filipino ground troops.
* American and Filipino troops enter Intramuros, Manila.
* The German garrison in Poznań capitulates to Red Army and Polish troops.
* Turkey joins the war on the allies side.
February 24 – The Egyptian Premier Ahmad Mahir Pasha is killed in Parliament after reading a decree.
February 28 – In Bucharest, a violent demonstration takes place, during which the ''bolşevic'' group opens fire on the army and protesters. In response, Andrei Y. Vishinsky, USSR vice commissioner of foreign affairs and president of the Allied Control Commission for Romania, travels to Bucharest to compel Nicolae Rădescu to resign as premier.
March – Anne Frank, dies in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Lower Saxony, Germany, of typhus.
March 1 – Franklin D. Roosevelt gives what will be his last address to a joint session of Congress, reporting on the Yalta Conference.
March 2 – Former U.S. Vice-President Henry A. Wallace starts his term of office as U.S. Secretary of Commerce, serving under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
March 2 – The Bachem Ba 349 Natter is launched from Stetten am kalten Markt. The Natter is the first manned rocket, developed as anti-aircraft weapon. The launch fails and the pilot dies.
March 3 – WWII:
* Previously neutral Finland declares war on the Axis powers.
* United States and Filipino troops take Manila, Philippines.
A possible experimental atomic test blast occurs at the Nazis' Ohrdruf military testing area.
March 4 – In the United Kingdom, The Princess Elizabeth, later to become Queen Elizabeth II, joins the British Army's Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service as a truck driver/mechanic.
March 4 – Football club FC Red Star (in Serbian: ''FK Crvena Zvezda'') formed in Belgrade, Yougoslavia.
March 6 – A Communist-led government is formed in Romania under Petru Groza following Soviet intervention.
March 7 – WWII: American troops seize the bridge over the Rhine River at Remagen, Germany and begin to cross.
March 8 – Josip Broz Tito forms a government in Yugoslavia.
March 9 – Film ''Les Enfants du Paradis'' premieres in Paris.
March 9–March 10 – WWII: American B-29 bombers attack Japan with incendiary bombs; Tokyo is fire-bombed, killing 100,000 citizens.
March 15 – The 17th Academy Awards ceremony is held, broadcast via radio for the first time. Best Picture goes to ''Going My Way''.
March 16 – WWII: The Battle of Iwo Jima unofficially ends, with small pockets of guerrilla resistance persisting past the official conclusion of the battle.
March 17 – WWII: Kobe, Japan is fire-bombed by 331 B-29 bombers, killing over 8,000 people.
March 18 – WWII: 1,250 American bombers attack Berlin.
March 19 – WWII:
* Adolf Hitler orders that all industries, military installations, machine shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany be destroyed.
* Off the coast of Japan, bombers hit the aircraft carrier USS ''Franklin'', killing about 800 of her crewmen and crippling the ship.
March 21 – WWII: British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma.
March 22 – The Arab League is formed with the adoption of a charter in Cairo, Egypt.
March 24
* WWII – Operation Varsity: Two airborne divisions capture bridges across the Rhine River to aid the Allied advance.
* Sylvester the cat, a cartoon character, debuts in ''Life with Feathers''
March 26 – WWII: The Battle of Iwo Jima officially ends, with the mopping up of the remaining areas of Japansese resistance.
March 29 – The "Clash of Titans": George Mikan and Bob Kurland duel at Madison Square Garden. OSU defeats DePaul 52–44.
March 30 – WWII:
* Soviet Union forces invade Austria and take Vienna.
* Alger Hiss congratulated in Moscow for his part in bringing positions of Western powers and the USSR closer to each other at the Yalta Conference.
April 1 – WWII – Battle of Okinawa: United States troops land on Okinawa.
April 4 – WWII: American troops liberate their first Nazi concentration camp, Ohrdruf death camp in Germany.
April 6 – WWII: Sarajevo is liberated from the Nazi Germany and Nazi Croatia (German puppet state) by the Yugoslav Partisans.
April 7 – WWII:
* The only flight of the German ramming unit known as the Sonderkommando Elbe takes place, resulting in the loss of some 24 B-17s and B-24s of the United States Eighth Air Force.
The Japanese battleship ''Yamato'' is sunk north of Okinawa while enroute on a suicide mission.
* Kantarō Suzuki becomes Prime Minister of Japan.
April 9
* WWII: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.
* Abwehr conspirators Wilhelm Canaris, Hans Oster and Hans Dohanyi are hanged at Flossenberg concentration camp, along with pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
April 10 – WWII:
* The Allied Forces liberate the Nazi concentration camp, Buchenwald.
* Visoko is liberated by the 7th, 9th and 17th Krajina Brigades from the Tenth Division of Yugoslav Partisan forces.
April 12 – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945) dies suddenly at Warm Springs, Georgia; Vice President Harry S. Truman becomes the 33rd President, serving until 1953.
April 15 – The Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated.
April 16 – WWII: The ''Goya'' is sunk by the ''Soviet submarine L-3''.
April 17 – Brazilian forces liberate the town of Montese, Italy, from German forces.
April 18 – American war correspondent Ernie Pyle is killed by Japanese machine gun fire on the island of Ie Shima off Okinawa.
April 19 – Rodgers and Hammerstein's ''Carousel'', a musical play based on Ferenc Molnár's ''Liliom'', opens on Broadway and becomes their second long-running stage classic.
April 22 – Heinrich Himmler, through Count Bernadotte, puts forth an offer of German surrender to the Western Allies, but not the Soviet Union.
April 24 – Retreating German troops destroy all the bridges over the Adige in Verona, including the historical Ponte di Castelvecchio and Ponte Pietra.
April 25
* Founding negotiations for the United Nations begin in San Francisco.
* WWII – Elbe Day: United States and Soviet troops link up at the Elbe River, cutting Germany in two.
April 26 – Battle of Bautzen (WWII): The last "successful" German panzer-offensive in Bautzen ends with the city recaptured.
April 27
* U.S. Ordinance troops find the coffins of Frederick Wilhelm I, Frederick the Great, Paul von Hindenburg, and his wife.
* The Western Allies flatly reject any offer of surrender by Germany other than unconditional on all fronts.
April 28 – Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci, are executed by Italian partisans as they attempt to flee the country. Their bodies are then hung by their heels in the public square of Milan.
April 29
* Operation Manna: British Lancaster bombers drop food into the Netherlands to prevent the starvation of the civilian population.
* Brazilian forces liberate the commune of Fornovo di Taro, Italy, from German forces.
* Adolf Hitler marries his longtime mistress Eva Braun in a closed civil ceremony in the Berlin Führerbunker.
April 30 – Adolf Hitler and his wife of one day, Eva Braun, commit suicide as the Red Army approaches the Führerbunker in Berlin. Karl Dönitz succeeds Hitler as President of Germany; Joseph Goebbels succeeds Hitler as Chancellor of Germany.
May – For all practical purposes the ICPC ceases to exist (recreated on June 3, 1946).
May 1 – WWII:
* Hamburg Radio announces that Hitler has died in battle, "fighting up to his last breath against Bolshevism."
* Joseph Goebbels and his wife commit suicide after killing their six children. Karl Dönitz appoints Count Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk as the new Chancellor of Germany.
* Troops of the Yugoslav 4th Army, together with the Slovene 9th Corpus NOV, enter Trieste.
* Mass suicide in Demmin.
May 2 – WWII:
The Soviet Union announces the fall of Berlin. Soviet soldiers hoist the Red flag over the ''Reich Chancellery''.
* Troops of the New Zealand Army 2nd Division enter Trieste a day after the Yugoslavs; the German Army in Trieste surrenders to the New Zealand Army.
* Lübeck is liberated by the British Army.
May 3 – WWII:
* The prison ships ''Cap Arcona'', ''Thielbek'' and ''Deutschland'' are sunk by the RAF in Lübeck Bay.
* Rocket scientist Wernher von Braun and 120 members of his team surrender to U.S. forces (later going on to help to start the U.S. space program).
* German Protestant theologian Gerhard Kittel is arrested by the French forces in Tübingen, Germany.
May 4 – WWII:
* The concentration camp ''Neuengamme'' near Hamburg is liberated by the British Army.
* The North German army surrenders to Marshal Bernard Montgomery.
Holland is liberated by British and Canadian troops. German forces officially surrender one day later.
Denmark is liberated. German forces officially surrender one day later.
May 5 – WWII:
* Prague rises up against the Nazis.
* Ezra Pound, the poet and author, is arrested by American soldiers in Italy for treason.
* The US 11th Armored Division liberates the prisoners of Mauthausen concentration camp, including Simon Wiesenthal.
* Canadian soldiers liberate the city of Amsterdam from Nazi occupation.
* Admiral Karl Dönitz orders all U-boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases.
* A Japanese balloon bomb kills five children and a woman, Elsie Mitchell, near Bly, Oregon, when it explodes as they drag it from the woods. They are the only people killed by an enemy attack on the American mainland during WWII.
May 6 – WWII: Axis Sally delivers her last propaganda broadcast to Allied troops (the first was on December 11, 1941).
May 7 – WWII: General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document takes effect the next day.
May 8 – WWII:
* V-E Day (Victory in Europe, as Nazi Germany surrenders) commemorates the end of WWII in Europe, with the final surrender being to the Soviets in Berlin, attended by representatives of the Western Powers.
* Canadian troops move into Amsterdam, after German troops surrender.
* Surrender of the Dodecanese is signed in Symi.
* The British 8th Army, together with Slovene partisan troops and a motorized detachment of the Yugoslav 4th Army, arrives in Carinthia and Klagenfurt.
May 8–29 – Sétif massacre: In Algeria, thousands die as French troops and released Italian POWs kill an estimated 6,000 to 40,000 Algerian citizens.
May 9 – WWII:
* The Soviet Union marks V-E Day.
* Hermann Göring is captured by the United States Army.
* The Norwegian resistance movement in Oslo, Norway, arrests the traitor Vidkun Quisling.
* The Red Army enters Prague.
* General Alexander Löhr, Commander of German Army Group E near Topolšica, Slovenia, signs the capitulation of German occupation troops.
* The German occupation of the Channel Islands ends with the liberation by British troops.
* Alderney, an annex of the concentration camp ''Neuengamme'', is liberated.
May 12
* Argentinian labour leader José Peter declares the ''Federación Obrera de la Industria de la Carne'' dissolved.
* Rev. W. V. Awdry's children's book ''The Three Railway Engines'', first of The Railway Series, is published in England.
May 14–15 – WWII – Battle of Poljana: The last battle of the War in Europe is fought at Poljana near Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia.
May 23 – President of Germany Karl Dönitz and Chancellor of Germany Count Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk are arrested by British forces at Flensburg. They are respectively the last German Head of state and Head of government until 1949.
May 23 – Heinrich Himmler, former head of the Nazi SS, commits suicide in British custody.
May 28 – William Joyce ("Lord Haw-Haw") is captured. He is later charged with high treason in London for his English-language wartime broadcasts on German radio, convicted, and then hanged in January 1946.
May 29
* German communists, led by Walther Ulbricht, arrive in Berlin.
* Dutch painter Han van Meegeren is arrested for collaboration with the Nazis, but the paintings he had sold to Hermann Göring (Koch) are later found to be his fakes.
May 30 – The Iranian government demands that all Soviet and British troops leave the country.
June 1 – The British take over Lebanon and Syria.
June 5 – The Allied Control Council, military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.
June 6 – King Haakon VII of Norway returns to Norway.
June 11
* William Lyon Mackenzie King is re-elected as Canadian prime minister.
* The Franck Committee recommends against a surprise nuclear bombing of Japan.
June 12 – The Yugoslav Army leaves Trieste, leaving the New Zealand Army in control.
June 21 – WWII: The Battle of Okinawa ends.
June 24 – WWII: A victory parade is held in Red Square in Moscow.
June 25 – Seán T. O'Kelly is elected the second President of Ireland.
June 26 – The United Nations Charter is signed.
June 29 – Czechoslovakia cedes Carpathian Ruthenia to the Soviet Union.
July 1 – WWII: Germany is divided between the Allied occupation forces.
July 5 – WWII: The Philippines are declared liberated.
July 8 – WWII: Harry S. Truman is informed that Japan will talk peace if it can retain the reign of the Emperor.
July 9 – A forest fire breaks out in the Tillamook Burn (the third in that area since 1933).
July 15 – The Scott Morrison Award of Minor Hockey Excellence was first given out to recipient Gordie Howe
July 16 – The Trinity Test, the first of an atomic bomb, using about six kilograms of plutonium, succeeds in unleashing an explosion equivalent to that of 19 kilotons of TNT.
July 16 – WWII: A train collision near Munich, Germany kills 102 war prisoners.
July 17–August 2 – WWII – Potsdam Conference: At Potsdam, the three main Allied leaders hold their final summit of the war.
July 21 – WWII: President Harry S. Truman approves the order for atomic bombs to be used against Japan.
July 23 – WWII: French marshal Philippe Pétain, who headed the Vichy government during WWII, goes on trial for treason.
July 26 – Winston Churchill resigns as the United Kingdom's Prime Minister after his Conservative Party is soundly defeated by the Labour Party in the 1945 general election. Clement Attlee becomes the new Prime Minister.
July 26 – The Potsdam Declaration demands Japan's unconditional surrender; Article 12 permitting Japan to retain the reign of the Emperor has been deleted by President Truman.
July 28 – An U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 bomber crashes into the Empire State Building, killing 14 people, including all on board.
July 28 – WWII: Japan ambiguously rejects the Potsdam Declaration..
July 29 – The BBC Light Programme radio station is launched, aimed at mainstream light entertainment and music.
July 30 – WWII: The heavy cruiser USS ''Indianapolis'' is hit and sunk by torpedoes from the ''Japanese submarine I-58'' in the Philippine Sea. Some 900 survivors jump into the sea and are adrift for up to four days. Nearly 600 die before help arrives. Captain Charles B. McVay III of the cruiser is later court-martialed and convicted.
August 6 – WWII: Atomic bombing of Hiroshima: A United States B-29 Superfortress, the Enola Gay, drops an atomic bomb, codenamed "Little Boy", on Hiroshima, Japan, at 8:15 a.m. (local time).
August 7 – President Harry Truman announces the successful bombing of Hiroshima with the atomic bomb, while returning from the Potsdam Conference aboard the U.S. Navy heavy cruiser in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
August 8
* The United Nations Charter is ratified by the United States Senate, and this nation becomes the third one to join the new international organization.
* The Soviet Union declares war on Japan.
August 9 – WWII:
* A United States B-29 Bomber, the Bockscar, drops an atomic bomb, codenamed "Fat Man", on Nagasaki, Japan, at 11:02 a.m. (local time).
The Soviet Union begins its army offensive against Japan in the northern part of the Japanese-held Chinese region of Manchuria.
August 10 – WWII: Japan offers to surrender to the Allies, "provided this does not prejudice the sovereignty of the Emperor".
August 11 – WWII: The Allies reply to the Japanese surrender offer by saying that Emperor Hirohito will be subject to the authority of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces.
August 13 – The Zionist World Congress approaches the British government to discuss the founding of the country of Israel.
August 14 – WWII: Emperor Hirohito accepts the terms of the Potsdam Declaration.
August 15
* Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization founded as a specialized agency of the United Nations.
* WWII: Emperor Hirohito announces Japan's surrender on the radio. The United States calls this day V-J Day (Victory in Japan). This ends the period of Japanese expansionism and begins the period of Occupied Japan.
* WWII: Korea gains independence following Japan's surrender.
August 17
* Indonesian nationalists Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta declare the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, with Soekarno as president. Dutch colonial authorities do not approve.
* The novel ''Animal Farm'' by George Orwell is first published by Fredric Warburg in London.
August 19
* Vietnam War: The Viet Minh (led by Ho Chi Minh) take power in Hanoi, Vietnam.
* Chinese Civil War: Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek meet in Chongqing to discuss an end to hostilities between the Communists and the Nationalists.
September 2
* Japanese general Tomoyuki Yamashita surrenders to Filipino and American forces at Kiangan, Ifugao.
* WWII ends: The final official surrender of Japan is accepted by the Supreme Allied Commander, General Douglas MacArthur, and Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz for the United States, and delegates from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, China, and others from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu, on board the American battleship USS ''Missouri'' in Tokyo Bay (but in Japan August 14 is recognized as the day the Pacific War ended).
* Ho Chi Minh promulgates the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence, and unity from the north to the south.
September 4 – WWII: Japanese forces surrender on Wake Island after hearing word of their country's surrender.
September 5
* Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist "Tokyo Rose", is arrested in Yokohama.
* The Russian code clerk Igor Gouzenko comes forward with numerous documents implicating the Soviet Union in numerous spy rings in North America: both in the United States and in Canada.
September 8
* American troops occupy southern Korea, while the Soviet Union occupies the north, with the dividing line being the 38th parallel of latitude. This arrangement proves to be the indirect beginning of a divided Korea.
* Hideki Tōjō, Japanese prime minister during most of WWII, attempts suicide to avoid facing a war crimes tribunal.
September 9 – The first case of a computer bug is found: a moth lodged in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at the Naval Weapons Center in Dahlgren, Virginia.
September 11
* ''Radio Republik Indonesia'' starts broadcasting.
* The Batu Lintang camp in Sarawak, Borneo is liberated by Australian forces.
September 12 – The Japanese Army formally surrenders to the British in Singapore.
September 18 – Typhoon Makurazaki in Japan kills 3,746 people.
September 20 – Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru demand that all British troops depart India.
October – Arthur C. Clarke puts forward the idea of a communications satellite in a ''Wireless World'' magazine article.
October 1–October 15 – Operation Backfire: Three A4 rockets are launched near Cuxhaven in order to show Allied forces the rocket with liquid fuel.
October 3–October 10 – The Detroit Tigers win the World Series against the Chicago Cubs, who have not made it to the World Series since.
October 4 – The Partizan Belgrade sports society is founded in Belgrade, Serbia.
October 5 – A strike by the Set Decorator's Union in Hollywood results in a riot.
October 15 – WWII: Pierre Laval, the former premier of Vichy France, is shot to death by a firing squad for treason against France.
October 16 – FAO established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.
October 17 – A massive number of people, headed for CGT, gather in the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina to demand Juan Perón's release. This is known to the Peronists as the ''Día de la lealtad'' (Loyalty Day). It is considered the founding day of Peronism.
October 18 – Isaías Medina Angarita, president of Venezuela, is overthrown by a military coup.
October 21 – Women's suffrage: Women are allowed to vote in France for the first time.
October 23 – Jackie Robinson signs a contract with the Montreal Royals.
October 24
* ICJ ("World Court") established by the United Nations Charter.
* The United Nations is founded.
* The Norwegian Nazi leader Vidkun Quisling is shot to death by a firing squad for treason against Norway.
October 27 – Indonesian separatists riot and fight Dutch and British security forces.
October 29
* Getúlio Vargas resigns as the president of Brazil.
* At Gimbels Department Store in New York City, the first ballpoint pens go on sale at $12.50 each.
October 30 – The undivided country of India joins the United Nations. Pakistan is formed and joins later.
November 1
* International Labour Organization (ILO) In 1945, the organisation's new constitution came into effective.
* John H. Johnson publishes the first issue of the magazine ''Ebony''.
* Telechron introduces the model 8H59 "Musalarm", the first clock radio.
November 9 – Soo bahk do Moo Duk Kwan is founded.
November 13 – Charles De Gaulle is elected head of a French provisional government
November 15 – Harry S. Truman, Clement Attlee, and Mackenzie King call for a U.N. Atomic Energy Commission.
November 16
* Cold War: The United States controversially imports 88 German scientists to help in the production of rocket technology.
* The motion picture ''The Lost Weekend'', starring Ray Milland, is released. The most realistic film portrayal of alcoholism up to that time, it wins several Oscars in the following year.
November 16
* Yeshiva College is founded.
November 20 – The Nuremberg Trials begin: Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals of WWII start at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.
November 28 – An earthquake in Balochistan (Pakistan) causes a tsunami and kills 4,000.
November 29
* The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is declared (this day is celebrated as Republic Day until the 1990s). Marshal Tito is named president.
Assembly of the world's first general purpose electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), is completed. It covers of floor space. The first set of calculations is run on the computer.
December 2
* General Eurico Gaspar Dutra is elected president of Brazil.
* French banks (Banque de France, BNCI, CNEP, Crédit Lyonnais, and Société Générale) nationalized.
December 3 – Communist demonstrations in Athens presage the Greek Civil War.
December 4 – By a vote of 65–7, the United States Senate approves the entry of the United States into the United Nations.
December 5 – A flight of USAF Avenger torpedo bombers known as Flight 19 disappears on a training exercise.
December 21 – General George S. Patton dies from injuries sustained in a car accident on December 9.
December 27
* Twenty-eight nations sign an agreement creating the World Bank.
* Terror strikes are carried out against British military bases in Palestine.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is founded.
Poland has two rival governments.
The Nag Hammadi scriptures are discovered.
Female suffrage is enacted in Guatemala and Japan.
Saskatchewan Government Insurance, the first state-owned automobile insurance company in North America, is created.
Denmark recognizes independent Iceland.
The U.S. House of Representatives calls for unrestricted Jewish immigration to Palestine in order to establish a Jewish commonwealth there.
Knox's Translation of the Vulgate New Testament (commissioned by the Catholic Church) is published.
The Berklee College of Music is founded in Boston.
The Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, the first chiropractic college in Canada, initiates its four year doctoral program.
At the Mayo Clinic, streptomycin is first used to treat tuberculosis.
Percy Spencer accidentally discovers that microwaves can heat food. The invention of the microwave oven follows.
Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Newburgh, New York, become the first cities or towns to add fluoride to municipal drinking water.
The first nuclear reactor outside of the U.S. is completed in Chalk River, Ontario.
High-altitude, west-to-east winds across the Pacific Ocean (discovered by the Japanese in 1942 and by U.S. Army Air Forces in 1944) are dubbed the ''jet stream''.
Salvador Edward Luria and Alfred Day Hershey independently recognize that viruses undergo mutations.
The herbicide 2,4-D is introduced; it is later used as a component of Agent Orange.
A team led by Charles D. Coryell discovers chemical element 61, the only one still missing between one and 96 on the periodic table. The new element is called promethium.
Raymond Libby develops the oral penicillin antibiotic.
American Canamid discovers folic acid, a vitamin abundant in green leafy vegetables, liver, kidney, and yeast.
The first geothermal milk pasteurization is done in Klamath Falls, Oregon.
January 3
* Stephen Stills, American rock singer and songwriter
* Abbas Khattak, Commander of the Pakistan Air Force
January 4 – Richard R. Schrock, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
January 10
* Jennifer Moss, British actress (d. 2006)
* Rod Stewart, British rock singer
January 14 – Einar Hákonarson, Icelandic painter
January 15
* Vince Foster, deputy White House counsel during the first term of President Bill Clinton (d. 1993)
* Princess Michael of Kent, member of the British Royal Family
January 20 – Robert Olen Butler, American writer
January 25 – Leigh Taylor-Young, American actress
January 26 – Jacqueline du Pré, English cellist (d. 1987)
January 27 – Harold Cardinal, Cree political leader, writer, and lawyer (d. 2005)
January 29
* Jim Nicholson, Northern Irish politician
* Tom Selleck, American actor
January 30 – Michael Dorris, American author (d. 1997)
January 31 – Joseph Kosuth, American artist
February 2 – David D. Friedman, American economist
February 3
* Bob Griese, American football player
* Philip Waruinge, Kenyan boxer
February 6 – Bob Marley, Jamaican reggae singer and musician (d. 1981)
February 7 – Gerald Davies, Welsh rugby player
February 9 – Mia Farrow, American actress
February 12 – Maud Adams, Swedish actress
February 14 – Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein
February 16 – Jeremy Bulloch, English actor
February 17 – Brenda Fricker, Irish actress
February 20 – Henry Polic II, American actor
February 24 – Barry Bostwick, American actor
February 25
* Elkie Brooks, English singer
* Roy Saari, American swimmer
February 26 – Marta Kristen, Norwegian actress
February 27 – Carl Anderson, American singer and actor (d. 2004)
February 28 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor (d. 2011)
March 1 – Dirk Benedict, American actor
March 4
* Dieter Meier, Swiss singer and children's writer
* Tommy Svensson, Swedish football manager and player
* Gary Williams, American basketball coach
March 7 – John Heard, American actor
March 8
* Jim Chapman, American politician
* Micky Dolenz, American actor, director and rock musician (The Monkees)
* Jay Ingram, Canadian television host, author and journalist
* Anselm Kiefer, German painter
March 9 – Dennis Rader, American serial killer
March 13 – Anatoly Fomenko, Russian mathematician
March 15 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi lawyer and politician (d. 2007)
March 17 – Katri Helena, Finnish singer
March 19 – Cem Karaca, Turkish musician (d. 2004)
March 20
* Jay Ingram, Canadian television host, author and journalist
* Pat Riley, American basketball coach
March 26 – Mikhail Voronin, Russian gymnast (d. 2004)
March 29
* Walt Frazier, American basketball player
* Willem Ruis, Dutch game show host (d. 1986)
March 30 – Eric Clapton, English rock guitarist
March 31 – Gabe Kaplan, American actor, comedian, and professional poker player
April 2 – Linda Hunt, American actress
April 4 – Daniel Cohn-Bendit, French activist
April 7 – Werner Schroeter, German film director
April 9 – Peter Gammons, American baseball sportswriter
April 12 – Lee Jong-wook, Korean Director-General of the World Health Organization (d. 2006)
April 13
* Tony Dow, American actor, producer, and director (''Leave It to Beaver'')
* Lowell George, American rock musician (Little Feat)
* Bob Kalsu, American football player (d. 1970)
April 14 – Ritchie Blackmore, English rock guitarist (Deep Purple)
April 21 – Diana Darvey, British actress, singer and dancer (d. 2000)
April 25 – Björn Ulvaeus, Swedish rock songwriter (ABBA)
April 27 – August Wilson, American playwright (d. 2005)
April 29
* Hugh Hopper, British musician (d. 2009)
* Tammi Terrell, American soul singer (d. 1970)
May 1 – Rita Coolidge, American pop singer
May 2 – Sarah Weddington, American attorney
May 4 – Narasimhan Ram, Indian journalist
May 5 – Kurt Loder, American film critic, author, and television personality
May 6
* Jimmie Dale Gilmore, American musician
* Bob Seger, American rock singer
May 8 – Keith Jarrett, American musician
May 14 – Yochanan Vollach, Israeli footballer and president of Maccabi Haifa, CEO
May 15 – Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, heir to the Portuguese crown
May 16 – Nicky Chinn, English rock songwriter (The Sweet, Suzi Quatro)
May 17 – Tony Roche, Australian tennis player
May 19 – Pete Townshend, English rock guitarist and lyricist (The Who)
May 21
* Richard Hatch, American actor
* Ernst Messerschmid, German physicist and astronaut
May 22 – Victoria Wyndham, American actress (''Another World'')
May 23
* Lauren Chapin, American child actress and evangelist
* Doris Mae Oulton, Canadian community developer
May 24 – Priscilla Presley, American actress and businesswoman
May 28 – John Fogerty, American rock singer (Creedence Clearwater Revival)
May 29 – Gary Brooker, English pianist and singer (Procol Harum)
May 30 – Gladys Horton, American singer (The Marvelettes) (d. 2011)
May 31
* Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German film director (d. 1982)
* Laurent Gbagbo, President of Cote d'Ivoire
June 1 – Frederica von Stade, American mezzo-soprano
June 2 – Jon Peters, American film producer
June 3 – Hale Irwin, American professional golfer
June 4
* Anthony Braxton, American composer and musical instrumentalist
* Gordon Waller, Scottish singer, songwriter and guitarist (Peter and Gordon) (d. 2009)
June 5 – John Carlos, American athlete
June 6 – David Dukes, American actor (d. 2000)
June 7 – Wolfgang Schussel, Chancellor of Austria
June 8 – Steven Fromholz, American singer-songwriter
June 9 – Nike Wagner, German woman of the theater
June 11 – Adrienne Barbeau, American actress, television personality and author
June 12 – Pat Jennings, Northern Irish footballer player
June 14 – Jörg Immendorff, German painter
June 15 – Françoise Chandernagor, French writer
June 16 – Claire Alexander, Canadian ice hockey player
June 17
* P. D. T. Acharya, Secretary General Lok Sabha
* Frank Ashmore, American actor
* Art Bell, American radio talk show host
* Ken Livingstone, British politician
* Eddy Merckx, Belgian cyclist
June 19
* Aung San Suu Kyi, Myanmar poet, politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
* Radovan Karadžić, Serbian politician
June 20 – Anne Murray, Canadian singer
June 24 – George Pataki, Governor of New York
June 25 – Carly Simon, American singer-songwriter
June 26 – Dwight York, American musician, fashion consultant, cult leader, and child molester
June 28 – David Knights, British bassist (Procol Harum)
June 29 – Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka
July 1 – Debbie Harry, American rock singer (Blondie)
July 5 – Lu Sheng-yen, leader of the True Buddha School
July 6 – Burt Ward, American actor
July 7 – Michael Ancram, British politician
July 8 – Micheline Calmy-Rey, Swiss Federal Councilor
July 9 – Dean Koontz, American writer
July 10 – Ron Glass, American actor
July 11 – Richard Wesley, American playwright and screenwriter
July 15 – Jürgen Möllemann, German politician (d. 2003)
July 16 – Victor Sloan, Irish artist
July 17 – Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
July 20
* Kim Carnes, American singer-songwriter
* Larry Craig, U.S. senator from Idaho
July 21 – John Lowe, English darts player
July 24 – Azim Premji, Indian businessman
July 26 – Dame Helen Mirren, British actress
July 28 – Jim Davis, American cartoonist
July 30 – Roger Dobkowitz, American game show producer
August 1 – Douglas D. Osheroff, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
August 2 – Joanna Cassidy, American actress
August 4 – Alan Mulally, American businessman, current CEO of the Ford Motor Company
August 5
* Loni Anderson, American actress
* Ja'net Dubois, American actress and singer
August 6 – Ron Jones, British director (d. 1993)
August 7 – Alan Page, American football player
August 9 – Posy Simmonds, English cartoonist
August 14
* Steve Martin, American actor and comedian
* Eliana Pittman, Brazilian singer and actress
* Wim Wenders, German film director and producer
August 19 – Ian Gillan, English rock singer (Deep Purple)
August 22 – Ron Dante, American rock singer, songwriter, and record producer (The Archies)
August 24 – Vince McMahon, is an American professional wrestler, promoter, in-ring announcer, play-by-play commentator and film producer. He currently serves as the chairman and chief executive officer of World Wrestling Entertainment
August 26 – Tom Ridge, American politition
August 31
* Van Morrison, Irish rock musician
* Itzhak Perlman, Israeli-American violinist and conductor
September 1 – Mustafa Balel, Turkish writer
September 4 – Danny Gatton, American guitarist (d. 1994)
September 5 – Al Stewart, Scottish singer-songwriter
September 7 – Jacques Lemaire, Canadian ice hockey coach
September 8
* Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1973)
* Rogatien Vachon, Canadian ice hockey player
September 9 – Doug Ingle, American songwriter and singer for Iron Butterfly
September 10 – José Feliciano, Puerto Rican singer
September 11 – Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer and coach
September 14 – Martin Tyler, British sports broadcaster
September 15 – Jessye Norman, American soprano
September 16 – Pat Stevens, American voice actress (d. 2010)
September 17 – Phil Jackson, American basketball coach
September 19 – Randolph Mantooth, American actor and motivational speaker
September 21
* Shaw Clifton, General of the Salvation Army
* Kay Ryan, American poet
September 23 – Paul Petersen, child actor and advocate of other child actors
September 25 – Dee Dee Warwick, American singer (d. 2008)
September 26 – Bryan Ferry, English singer-songwriter and musician (Roxy Music)
September 27
* Max Boyce, Welsh comedian and singer
* Jack Goldstein, Canadian artist (d. 2003)
September 29 – Nadezhda Chizhova, Russian athlete
September 30 – Ehud Olmert, 12th Prime Minister of Israel
October 2 – Don McLean, American rock singer-songwriter
October 3
* Kay Baxter, American bodybuilder (d. 1988)
* Viktor Saneyev, Soviet athlete
October 4 – Clifton Davis, American actor
October 5 – Brian Connolly, Scottish musician
October 6 – Ivan Graziani, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
October 12
* Aurore Clément, French actress
* Dusty Rhodes, American professional wrestler
October 13 – Susan Stafford, American television presenter
October 15 – Jim Palmer, American baseball player
October 18
* Huell Howser, host of ''California's Gold''.
* Yıldo, Turkish showman, footballer
October 19 – John Lithgow, American actor
October 20 – George Wyner, American actor
October 22 – Yvan Ponton, Canadian actor and sportscaster
October 24 – Eugenie Scott, Executive Director of the National Center for Science Education
October 25
* David Schramm, American astrophysicist (d. 1997)
* Peter Ledger, Australian artist (d. 1994)
October 27
* Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil
* Carrie Snodgress, American actress (d. 2004)
October 29 – Melba Moore, American singer and actress
October 30 – Henry Winkler, American actor, producer and director
October 31 – Brian Doyle-Murray, American actor
November 3 – Gerd Müller, German footballer
November 5 – Jacques Lanctôt, Canadian terrorist
November 12
* Michael Bishop, American author
* Tracy Kidder, American journalist and author
* Neil Young, Canadian singer-songwriter and musician
November 15 – Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Norwegian rock singer (ABBA)
November 18
* Wilma Mankiller, Chief of the Cherokee Nation (d. 2010)
* Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka
November 21 – Goldie Hawn, American actress
November 23 – Jerry Harris, American sculptor
November 26
* Daniel Davis, American actor
* John McVie, English rock musician (Fleetwood Mac)
November 27 – Barbara Anderson, American actress
November 30 – Mary Millington, British porn star (d. 1979)
December 1 – Bette Midler, American actress, comedienne and singer
December 2 – Charles "Tex" Watson, American prisoner
December 7 – Clive Russell, English actor
December 9 – Michael Nouri, American actor
December 13 – Kathy Garver, American actress, author and online radio hostess
December 16 – Patti Deutsch, American voice actress
December 17
* Ernie Hudson, American actor
* Chris Matthews, American news anchor
December 19 – Elaine Joyce, American actress and game show panelist
December 20
* Peter Criss, American rock drummer (KISS)
* Sivakant Tiwari, senior legal officer of the Singapore Legal Service (d. 2010)
December 22 – Diane Sawyer, American news journalist
December 24
* Lemmy Kilmister, English rock singer and bassist (Motörhead)
* Nicholas Meyer, American screenwriter, producer, director and novelist
December 25 – Gary Sandy, American actor (''WKRP in Cincinnati'')
December 26 – John Walsh, American media personality
December 28 – Birendra of Nepal (d. 2001)
December 30 – Davy Jones, English actor and singer (''The Monkees'')
December 31 – Barbara Carrera, Nicaraguan-born American actress
January 2 – Bertram Ramsay, British admiral (b. 1883)
January 3 – Edgar Cayce, American psychic (b. 1877)
January 6 – Josefa Llanes Escoda, Filipino advocate of women's suffrage and founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines (b. 1898)
January 9
* Jüri Uluots, Estonian statesman (b. 1890)
* Dennis O'Neill, young victim of the Care Systems (b. 1932)
January 22 – Else Lasker-Schüler, German poet (b. 1869)
January 31 – Eddie Slovik, American soldier (executed) (b. 1920)
February 1 – Prince Kiril of Bulgaria (b. 1895)
February 2
* Adolf Brand, German writer (b. 1874)
* Joe Hunt, American tennis champion (b. 1919)
February 3 – Roland Freisler, Nazi German judge (b. 1893)
February 5
* Denise Bloch, French WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1915)
* Lilian Rolfe, French WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1914)
* Violette Szabo, French WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1921)
February 10 – Anacleto Diaz, Filipino jurist (murdered during the Battle of Manila) (b. 1878)
February 11 – Al Dubin, Swiss songwriter (b. 1891)
February 12 – Antonio Villa-Real, Filipino jurist (murdered during the Battle of Manila) (b. 1878)
February 17 – Gabrielle Weidner, Belgian WWII heroine (b. 1914)
February 21 – Eric Liddell, Scottish runner (b. 1902)
February 25 – Mário de Andrade, Brazilian writer and photographer (b. 1893)
March – Margot Frank (b. 1926) and her younger sister Anne Frank, German-born Jewish diarist (typhus) (b. 1929)
March 2 – Emily Carr, Canadian artist (b. 1871)
March 3 – Aleksandra Samusenko, Soviet WWII tank commander (b. 1922)
March 4
* Lucille La Verne, American actress (b. 1872)
* Mark Sandrich, American director (b. 1900)
March 16 – Börries von Münchhausen, German poet (b. 1874)
March 18 – William Grover-Williams, French race car driver and war hero (b. 1903)
March 19 – Friedrich Fromm, German Nazi official (b. 1888)
March 20 – Lord Alfred Douglas, English poet (b. 1870)
March 22
* Eliyahu Bet-Zuri, Israeli assassin (executed) (b. 1922)
* Eliyahu Hakim, Israeli assassin (executed) (b. 1925)
March 23 – Elisabeth de Rothschild, French WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1902)
March 26 – David Lloyd George, Welsh Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1863)
March 29 – Ferenc Csik, Hungarian swimmer (b. 1913)
March 30 – Élise Rivet, French nun and war heroine (b. 1890)
March 31
* Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
* Harriet Boyd-Hawes, American archaeologist (b. 1871)
* Torgny Segerstedt, Swedish newspaper editor and publicist (b. 1876)
April – Auguste van Pels, German-Jewish housemate of Anne Frank (b. 1900)
April 5 – Huldreich Georg Früh, Swiss composer (b. 1903)
April 7 – Elizabeth Bibesco, writer (b. 1897) (pneumonia)
April 9
* Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian (hanged) (b. 1906)
* Wilhelm Canaris, head of the German Abwehr (hanged) (b. 1887)
April 10
* Gloria Dickson, American actress (b. 1917)
* H.N. Werkman, Dutch artist and printer (executed) (b. 1882)
April 12 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)
April 18
* Ernie Pyle, American journalist (sniper fire) (b. 1900)
* William, Prince of Albania (b. 1876)
April 22 – Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (b. 1867)
April 24 – Ernst-Robert Grawitz, German Reichsphysician (S.S. and Police) in the Third Reich (b. 1899)
April 27 – Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, Turkish author (b. 1867)
April 28 – Benito Mussolini, Italian Fascist dictator (executed) (b. 1883)
April 29 – Malcolm McGregor, American actor (b. 1892)
April 30
* Adolf Hitler, German Nazi dictator (suicide) (b. 1889)
* Eva Braun, German wife of Adolf Hitler (suicide) (b. 1912)
* William Darby, American creator of the U.S. Army Rangers (b. 1911)
* Luisa Ferida, Italian actress (b. 1914) (executed)
May 1
* Joseph Goebbels, German Nazi propagandist (suicide) (b. 1897)
* Magda Goebbels, wife of Joseph Goebbels (suicide) (b. 1901)
May 2 – Martin Bormann, German Nazi leader (b. 1900)
May 5 – Peter van Pels, German-Jewish love interest of diarist Anne Frank (b. 1926)
May 8
* Ernst-Günther Baade, German general (b. 1897) (gangrene)
* Wilhelm Rediess, SS and Police Leader of Nazi-occupied Norway (suicide) (b. 1900)
* Josef Terboven, ''Reichskommissar'' of Nazi-occupied Norway (suicide) (b. 1898)
* Bernhard Rust, Education Minister of Nazi Germany (suicide) (b. 1883)
May 11 – Kiyoshi Ogawa, Kamikaze pilot (b. 1922)
May 14 – Heber J. Grant, 7th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1856)
May 15 – Charles Williams, British author (b. 1886)
May 17 – Bobby Hutchins, Our Gang films child actor (b. 1925)
May 18 – William Joseph Simmons, American founder of the second KKK (b. 1880)
May 19 – Philipp Bouhler, German Nazi leader (b. 1899)
May 23 – Heinrich Himmler, German head of the SS (suicide) (b. 1900)
May 31 – Odilo Globocnik, Austrian Nazi leader (suicide) (b. 1904)
June 8 – Robert Desnos, French poet and French resistance fighter (b. 1900)
June 15 – Nikola Avramov, Bulgarian painter (b. 1897)
June 16
* Henry Bellamann, American writer (b. 1882)
* Nikolai Berzarin, Russian Red Army General (b. 1904)
July 5 – John Curtin, 14th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885)
July 13 – Alla Nazimova, Russian actress (b. 1879)
July 16 – Addison Randall, American actor (b. 1906)
July 20 – Paul Valéry, French poet (b. 1871)
July 28 – Margot Asquith, Countess of Oxford and Asquith (b. 1864)
July 31 – Artemio Ricarte, Filipino general (b. 1866)
August 2 – Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer (b. 1863)
August 9 – Harry Hillman, American athlete (b. 1881)
August 10 – Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist (b. 1882)
August 15 – Korechika Anami, Japanese general (b. 1887)
August 18 – Subhash Chandra Bose, Indian political leader (b. 1897)
August 19 – Tomas Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (b.1875)
August 26 – Franz Werfel, Austrian writer (b. 1890)
August 31 – Stefan Banach, Polish mathematician (b. 1892)
September 1 – Frank Craven, American actor (b. 1881)
September 12 – Sugiyama Hajime, Japanese general (b. 1880)
September 15 – Anton Webern, Austrian composer (b. 1883)
September 16 – John McCormack, Irish tenor (b. 1884)
September 20
* Jack Thayer, Titanic survivor (b. 1894)
* Eduard Wirths, German doctor, chief SS doctor at Auschwitz concentration camp (suicide) (b. 1909)
September 24 – Johannes Hans Geiger, German physicist and inventor (b. 1882)
September 26
* Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (b. 1881)
* A. Peter Dewey, first American casualty in Vietnam
October 10 – Joseph Darnand, Vichy France politician (executed) (b. 1897)
October 13 – Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
October 15 – Pierre Laval, Prime Minister of France (executed) (b. 1883)
October 19
* Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico (b. 1877)
* N.C. Wyeth, American illustrator (b. 1882)
October 21 – Henry Armetta, Italian actor (b. 1888)
October 24 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian traitor (executed) (b. 1887)
October 25 – Robert Ley, German Nazi politician (suicide) (b. 1890)
October 26 – Paul Pelliot, French explorer (b. 1878)
October 28 – Gilbert Emery, American actor (b. 1875)
October 31 – Henry Ainley, English actor (b. 1879)
November 7 – Gus Edwards, American songwriter (b. 1879)
November 8 – August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849)
November 11 – Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885)
November 16 – Sigurður Eggerz, Prime Minister of Iceland during World War I (b. 1875)
November 20 – Francis William Aston, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
November 21
* Ellen Glasgow, American novelist (b. 1873)
* Robert Benchley, American humorist, theater critic, and actor (b. 1889)
* Alexander Patch, US Army lieutenant general, WWII army commander (b. 1889)
November 23 – Charles Armijo Woodruff, 11th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1884)
November 25 – Doris Keane, American stage actress (b. 1881)
November 28 – Dwight F. Davis, American tennis player (b. 1879)
December 4 – Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1866)
December 5 – Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1864)
December 13 – Josef Kramer, commandant of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (executed) (b. 1906)
December 14 – Forrester Harvey, Irish actor (b. 1884)
December 16 – Fumimaro Konoe, Prime Minister of Japan (suicide) (b. 1891)
December 21 – George S. Patton, U.S. general (car accident) (b. 1885)
December 22 – Otto Neurath, Austrian philosopher and political economist (b. 1892)
December 25 – Duy Tan, emperor of Vietnam (b. 1899)
December 28 – Theodore Dreiser, American author (b. 1871)
Physics – Wolfgang Pauli
Chemistry – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
Physiology or Medicine – Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Howard Walter Florey
Literature – Gabriela Mistral
Peace – Cordell Hull
Events
Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Date unknown
Births
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Deaths
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Nobel Prizes
References
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| Coordinates | 33°55′31″N18°25′26″N |
|---|---|
| name | Woody Guthrie |
| background | solo_singer |
| birth name | Woodrow Wilson Guthrie |
| born | July 14, 1912Okemah, Oklahoma, United States |
| died | October 03, 1967New York City, New York, United States |
| instrument | Guitar, Vocal, Harmonica, Mandolin, Fiddle |
| genre | Folk, protest song |
| occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| years active | 1930–1956 |
| influences | Joe Hill, Will Rogers, Jimmie Rodgers, The Carter Family, Lead Belly |
| influenced | Bob Dylan, Pete Seeger, Cisco Houston, Jack Elliott, Phil Ochs, Joe Strummer, Bruce Springsteen |
| notable instruments | Martin 000-18, Gibson Southern Jumbo, Gibson J-45 }} |
Guthrie traveled with migrant workers from Oklahoma to California and learned traditional folk and blues songs. Many of his songs are about his experiences in the Dust Bowl era during the Great Depression, earning him the nickname the "Dust Bowl Troubadour". Throughout his life Guthrie was associated with United States communist groups, though he was seemingly not a member of any.
Guthrie was married three times and fathered eight children, including American folk musician Arlo Guthrie. He is the grandfather of musician Sarah Lee Guthrie. Guthrie died from complications of Huntington's disease, a progressive genetic neurological disorder. During his later years, in spite of his illness, Guthrie served as a figurehead in the folk movement, providing inspiration to a generation of new folk musicians, including mentor relationships with Ramblin' Jack Elliott and Bob Dylan.
Woody Guthrie was inducted into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame in 1997.
Biography
Early life: 1912–30
Guthrie was born in Okemah, a small town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, to Nora Belle Tanner and Charles Edward Guthrie. His parents named him after Woodrow Wilson, then Governor of New Jersey and the Democratic candidate soon to be elected President of the United States.Charles Guthrie was an industrious businessman, owning at one time up to of land in Okfuskee County. He was actively involved in Oklahoma politics and was a Democratic candidate for office in the county. When Charles was making stump speeches, he would often be accompanied by his son. Charles Guthrie was involved in the 1911 lynching of Laura and Lawrence Nelson. His son wrote three songs about the event and said that his father was later a member of the revived Ku Klux Klan.
Guthrie's early family life was affected by several fires, including one that caused the loss of his family's home in Okemah. His sister Clara later died in a coal-oil (used for heating) fire when Guthrie was seven, and Guthrie's father was severely burned in a subsequent coal-oil fire. The circumstances of these fires, especially that in which Charley was injured, remain unclear. It is unknown whether they were accidents or the result of actions by Guthrie's mother Nora, who was afflicted with Huntington's disease, although the family did not know this at the time. It leads to dementia as well as muscular effects.
Nora Guthrie was eventually committed to the Oklahoma Hospital for the Insane, where she died in 1930 from Huntington's disease. Judging from the circumstances of her father's death by drowning, researchers suspect that George Sherman suffered from the same hereditary disease.
When Nora Guthrie was institutionalized, Woody Guthrie was 14. His father Charley was living and working in Pampa, Texas to repay his debts from unsuccessful real estate deals. Woody and his siblings were on their own in Oklahoma; they relied on their eldest brother Roy for support. The 14-year-old Woody Guthrie worked odd jobs around Okemah, begging meals and sometimes sleeping at the homes of family friends. According to one story, Guthrie made friends with an African-American blues harmonica player named "George", whom he would watch play at the man's shoe shine booth. Before long, Guthrie bought his own harmonica and began playing along with him. In another interview 14 years later, Guthrie claimed he learned how to play harmonica from a boyhood friend, John Woods, and that his earlier story about the shoe-shining player was false.
He seemed to have a natural affinity for music and easily learned to "play by ear". He began to use his musical skills around town, playing a song for a sandwich or coins. Guthrie easily learned old Irish ballads and traditional songs from the parents of friends. Although he did not excel as a student (he dropped out of high school in his fourth year and did not graduate), his teachers described him as bright. He was an avid reader on a wide range of topics. Friends recall his reading constantly.
Eventually, Guthrie's father sent for his son to come to Texas, but little changed for the aspiring musician. Guthrie, then 18, was reluctant to attend high school classes in Pampa and spent much time learning songs by busking on the streets and reading in the library at Pampa's city hall. He was growing as a musician, gaining practice by regularly playing at dances with his father's half-brother Jeff Guthrie, a fiddle player. At the library, he wrote a manuscript summarizing everything he had read on the basics of psychology. A librarian in Pampa shelved this manuscript under Guthrie's name, but it was later lost in a library reorganization.
1930s: traveling
At age 19, Guthrie met and married his first wife, Mary Jennings, with whom he had three children, Gwendolyn, Sue and Bill, all of whom would later die prematurely. With the advent of the Dust Bowl era, Guthrie left Texas, leaving Mary behind, and joined the thousands of Okies who were migrating to California looking for work. Many of his songs are concerned with the conditions faced by these working class people.
California
In the 1930s, Guthrie lived on Preston Avenue at Ewing St. in Echo Park, California; a Los Angeles, California neighborhood nicknamed "Red Hill" for the concentration of political radicals living there. During the late part of that decade, he achieved fame with radio partner Maxine "Lefty Lou" Crissman as a broadcast performer of commercial "hillbilly" music and traditional folk music. Guthrie was making enough money to send for his family, who were still living in Texas. While appearing on the commercial radio station KFVD, owned by a populist-minded New Deal Democrat Frank Burke, Guthrie began to write and perform some of the protest songs that would eventually appear on ''Dust Bowl Ballads''.It was at KFVD that Guthrie met newscaster Ed Robbin. Robbin was impressed with a song Guthrie wrote about Thomas Mooney, believed by many to be a wrongly convicted man who was, at the time, a leftist ''cause célèbre''. Robbin, who became Guthrie's political mentor, introduced Guthrie to socialists and communists in Southern California, including Will Geer. He remained Guthrie's lifelong friend, and helped Guthrie book benefit performances in the communist circles in Southern California. Notwithstanding Guthrie's later claim that "the best thing that I did in 1936 was to sign up with the Communist Party", he was never a member of the Party. He was noted as a fellow traveler—an outsider who agreed with the platform of the party while not subject to party discipline. Guthrie requested to write a column for the Communist newspaper, ''The Daily Worker''. The column, titled "Woody Sez", appeared a total of 174 times from May 1939 to January 1940. "Woody Sez" was not explicitly political, but was about current events as observed by Guthrie. He wrote the columns in an exaggerated hillbilly dialect and usually included a small comic; they were published as a collection after Guthrie's death. Steve Earle said of Guthrie, "I don't think of Woody Guthrie as a political writer. He was a writer who lived in very political times".
With the outbreak of World War II and the nonaggression pact the Soviet Union had signed with Germany in 1939, the owners of KFVD radio did not want its staff "spinning apologia" for the Soviet Union. Both Robbin and Guthrie left the station. Without the daily radio show, his prospects for employment diminished, and Guthrie and his family returned to Pampa, Texas. Although Mary Guthrie was happy to return to Texas, the wanderlusting Guthrie soon after accepted Will Geer's invitation to New York City and headed east.
1940s: building a legacy
New York City
Arriving in New York, Guthrie, known as "the Oklahoma cowboy", was embraced by its leftist folk music community. For a time, he slept on a couch in Will Geer's apartment. Guthrie made what were his first recordings—several hours of conversation and songs recorded by the folklorist Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress—as well as an album, ''Dust Bowl Ballads'', for Victor Records in Camden, New Jersey.
Guthrie was tired of the radio overplaying Irving Berlin's "God Bless America". He thought the lyrics were unrealistic and complacent. Partly inspired by his experiences during a cross-country trip and his distaste for "God Bless America", he wrote his most famous song, "This Land Is Your Land", in February 1940; it was subtitled "God Blessed America for Me." The melody is adapted from an old gospel song, "Oh My Loving Brother." This was best known as "When The World's On Fire", sung by the country group The Carter Family. Guthrie signed the manuscript with the comment, "All you can write is what you see, Woody G., N.Y., N.Y., N.Y.". He protested against class inequality in the fourth and sixth verses:
:''As I went walking, I saw a sign there,'' :''And on the sign there, It said "no trespassing."'' [In another version, the sign reads "Private Property"] :''But on the other side, it didn't say nothing!'' :''That side was made for you and me.''
:''In the squares of the city, In the shadow of a steeple;'' :''By the relief office, I'd seen my people.'' :''As they stood there hungry, I stood there asking,'' :''Is this land made for you and me?''
These verses were often omitted in subsequent recordings, sometimes by Guthrie. Although the song was written in 1940, it was four years before he recorded it for Moses Asch in April 1944., Sheet music was not produced and given to schools by Howie Richmond until later.
In March 1940, Guthrie was invited to play at a benefit hosted by The John Steinbeck Committee to Aid Farm Workers, to raise money for migrant workers. There he met the folksinger Pete Seeger, and the two men became good friends. Later, Seeger accompanied Guthrie back to Texas to meet other members of the Guthrie family. He recalled an awkward conversation with Mary Guthrie's mother, in which she asked for Seeger's help to persuade Guthrie to treat her daughter better.
Guthrie had some success in New York at this time as a guest on CBS's radio program ''Back Where I Come From'' and used his influence to get a spot on the show for his friend Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter. Ledbetter's Tenth Street apartment was a gathering spot for the leftwing musician circle in New York at the time, and Guthrie and Ledbetter were good friends, as they had busked together at bars in Harlem.
In September 1940 Guthrie was invited by the Model Tobacco Company to host their radio program, ''Pipe Smoking Time''. Guthrie was paid $180 a week, an impressive salary in 1940. He was finally making enough money to send regular payments back to Mary. He also brought her and the children to New York, where the family lived briefly in an apartment on Central Park West. The reunion represented Woody's desire to be a better father and husband. He said "I have to set [''sic''] real hard to think of being a dad". Guthrie quit after the seventh broadcast, claiming he had begun to feel the show was too restrictive when he was told what to sing. Disgruntled with New York, Guthrie packed up Mary and his children in a new car and headed west to California.
Pacific Northwest
In May 1941, after a brief stay in Los Angeles, Guthrie moved the family north to Washington state on the promise of a job. Gunther von Fritsch was directing a documentary about the Bonneville Power Administration's construction of the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River, and needed a narrator. Alan Lomax had recommended Guthrie to narrate the film and sing songs onscreen. The original project was expected to take 12 months, but as filmmakers became worried about casting such a political figure, they minimized Guthrie's role. The Department of the Interior hired him for one month to write songs about the Columbia River and the construction of the federal dams for the documentary's soundtrack. Guthrie toured the Columbia River and the Pacific Northwest. Guthrie said he "couldn't believe it, it's a paradise", which appeared to inspire him creatively. In one month Guthrie wrote 26 songs, including three of his most famous: "Roll On Columbia", "Pastures of Plenty", and "Grand Coulee Dam". The surviving songs were released as ''Columbia River Songs''. The film was never completed and was released only in a limited form.At the conclusion of the month in Oregon and Washington, Guthrie wanted to return to New York. Tired of the continual uprooting, Mary Guthrie told him to go without her and the children. Although Guthrie would see Mary again, once on a tour through Los Angeles with the Almanac Singers, it was essentially the end of their marriage. Divorce was difficult, since Mary was a member of the Catholic Church, but she reluctantly agreed in December 1943.
Almanac Singers
Following the conclusion of his work in Washington State, Guthrie corresponded with Pete Seeger about Seeger's newly formed folk-protest group, the Almanac Singers. Guthrie returned to New York with plans to tour the country as a member of the group. The singers originally worked out of a loft in New York City hosting regular concerts called "hootenannys", a word Pete and Woody had picked up in their cross-country travels. The singers eventually outgrew the space and moved into the cooperative Almanac House in Greenwich Village.Initially Guthrie helped write and sing what the Almanacs Singers termed "peace" songs; while the Nazi-Soviet Pact was in effect, until Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, the Communist line was that World War II was a capitalist fraud. After Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union, the group wrote anti-fascist songs. The members of the Almanac Singers and residents of the Almanac House were a loosely defined group of musicians, though the 'core' members included Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Millard Lampell and Lee Hays. In keeping with common socialist ideals, meals, chores and rent at the Almanac House were shared. The Sunday hootenannys were good opportunities to collect donation money for rent. Songs written in the Almanac House had shared songwriting credits among all the members, although in the case of "Union Maid", members would later state that Guthrie wrote the song, ensuring that his children would receive residuals.
In the Almanac House, Guthrie added authenticity to their work, since he was a "real" working-class Oklahoman. "There was the heart of America personified in Woody....And for a New York Left that was primarily Jewish, first or second generation American, and was desperately trying to get Americanized, I think a figure like Woody was of great, great importance", a friend of the group, Irwin Silber, would say. Woody routinely emphasized his working-class image, rejected songs he felt were not in the country blues vein he was familiar with, and rarely contributed to household chores. House member Agnes "Sis" Cunningham, another Okie, would later recall that Woody, "loved people to think of him as a real working class person and not an intellectual". Guthrie contributed songwriting and authenticity in much the same capacity for Pete Seeger's post-Almanac Singers project ''People's Songs'', a newsletter and booking organization for labor singers, founded in 1945.
''Bound for Glory''
Guthrie was a prolific writer, penning thousands of pages of unpublished poems and prose, many written while living in New York City. After a recording session with Alan Lomax, Lomax suggested Guthrie write an autobiography. Lomax thought Guthrie's descriptions of growing up were some of the best accounts he had read of American childhood. During this time Guthrie met Marjorie Mazia, a dancer in New York who would become his second wife. Mazia was an instructor at the prestigious Martha Graham Dance School, where she was assisting Sophie Maslow with her piece ''Folksay''. Based on the folklore and poetry collected by Carl Sandburg, ''Folksay'' included the adaptation of some of Guthrie's ''Dust Bowl Ballads'' for the dance. Guthrie continued to write songs and began work on his autobiography. The end product, ''Bound For Glory'' was completed due to the patient editing assistance of Mazia and was first published by E.P. Dutton in 1943. It is vividly told in the artist's down-home dialect, with the flair and imagery of a true storyteller. ''Library Journal'' complained about the "Too careful reproduction of illiterate speech." But Clifton Fadiman, reviewing the book in the ''New York Times'', paid the author a fine tribute: "Some day people are going to wake up to the fact that Woody Guthrie and the ten thousand songs that leap and tumble off the strings of his music box are a national possession like Yellowstone and Yosemite, and part of the best stuff this country has to show the world." A film adaptation of ''Bound for Glory'' was released in 1976.
The Asch recordings
In 1944, Guthrie met Moses "Moe" Asch of Folkways Records, for whom he first recorded "This Land Is Your Land". Over the next few years, he recorded "Worried Man Blues", along with hundreds of other songs. These recordings would later be released by Folkways and Stinson Records, which had joint distribution rights. The Folkways recordings are available (through the Smithsonian Institute online shop); the most complete series of these sessions, culled from dates with Asch, is titled ''The Asch Recordings''.
World War II years
Guthrie believed performing his anti-fascist songs and poems at home was the best use of his talents; Guthrie lobbied the United States Army to accept him as a USO performer instead of conscripting him as a soldier in the draft. When Guthrie's attempts failed, his friends Cisco Houston and Jim Longhi pressured Guthrie to join the U.S. Merchant Marine. Guthrie followed their advice: he served as a mess man and dishwasher, and frequently sang for the crew and troops to buoy their spirits on transatlantic voyages. Guthrie made attempts to write about his experience in the Merchant Marine, but was never satisfied with the results. Longhi later wrote about these experiences in his book ''Woody, Cisco and Me''. The book offers a rare first-hand account of Guthrie during his Merchant Marine service. In 1945, Guthrie's association with communism made him ineligible for further service in the Merchant Marine, and he was drafted into the U.S. Army.While he was on furlough from the Army, Guthrie and Marjorie were married. After his discharge, they moved into a house on Mermaid Avenue in Coney Island, and over time had four children. One of their children, Cathy, died as a result of a fire at age four, sending Guthrie into a serious depression. Their other children were Joady, Nora and Arlo. Arlo followed in his father's footsteps as a singer-songwriter. During this period, Guthrie wrote and recorded, ''Songs to Grow on for Mother and Child'', a collection of children's music, which includes the song "Goodnight Little Arlo (Goodnight Little Darlin')", written when Arlo was about nine years old.
A 1948 crash of a plane carrying 28 Mexican farm workers from Oakland, California in deportation back to Mexico inspired Woody to write "Deportee (Plane Wreck At Los Gatos)".
Mermaid Avenue
The years living on Mermaid Avenue were among Guthrie's most productive periods as a writer. His extensive writings from this time were archived and maintained by Marjorie and later his estate, mostly handled by Guthrie's daughter, Nora. Several of the manuscripts contain scribblings by a young Arlo and the other Guthrie offspring.During this time Ramblin' Jack Elliott studied extensively under Guthrie, visiting his home and observing how he wrote and performed. Elliott, like Bob Dylan later, idolized Guthrie and was inspired by his idiomatic performance style and repertoire. Due to Guthrie's suffering Huntington's disease, Dylan and Guthrie's son Arlo later claimed they learned much of Guthrie's performance style from Elliott. When asked about Arlo's claim, Elliott said, "I was flattered. Dylan learned from me the same way I learned from Woody. Woody didn't teach me. He just said, If you want to learn something, just steal it—that's the way I learned from Lead Belly."
1950s and 1960s
Deteriorating health
By the late 1940s, Guthrie's health was declining, and his behavior was becoming extremely erratic. He received various diagnoses (including alcoholism and schizophrenia), but in 1952, it was finally determined that he was suffering from Huntington's disease, a genetic disorder inherited from his mother. Believing him to be a danger to their children, Marjorie suggested he return to California without her; they eventually divorced.Upon his return to California, Guthrie lived in a compound owned by Will Geer; with blacklisted singers and actors, he waited out the anti-communist political climate. As his health worsened, he met and married his third wife, Anneke Van Kirk. They had a child, Lorinna Lynn. The couple moved to Fruit Cove, Florida briefly. They lived in a bus on land called Beluthahatchee, owned by his friend Stetson Kennedy. Guthrie's arm was hurt in a campfire accident when gasoline used to start the campfire exploded. Although he regained movement in the arm, he was never able to play the guitar again. In 1954, the couple returned to New York. Shortly after, Anneke filed for divorce, a result of the strain of caring for Guthrie. Anneke left New York and allowed friends to adopt Lorina Lynn. Lorinna had no further contact with her birth parents and died in 1973 at the age of nineteen in a car accident in California. After the divorce, Guthrie's second wife, Marjorie, re-entered his life; it was Marjorie who cared for him and assisted him until his death.
Guthrie, increasingly unable to control his muscles, was hospitalized at Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital from 1956 to 1961, at Brooklyn State Hospital until 1966, and finally at Creedmoor Psychiatric Center until his death. Marjorie and the children visited Guthrie at Greystone every Sunday. They answered fan mail and played on the hospital grounds. Eventually a longtime fan of Guthrie invited the family to his nearby home for the Sunday visits. This lasted until Guthrie was moved to the Brooklyn State Hospital, which was closer to where Marjorie lived.
When Bob Dylan, who idolized Guthrie and whose early folk career was deeply inspired by him, learned that Guthrie was hospitalized in Brooklyn, he was determined to meet his idol. By this time, Guthrie was said to have his "good days" and "bad days". On the good days, Dylan would sing songs to him, and at the beginning Guthrie seemed to warm to Dylan. When the bad days came, Guthrie would berate Dylan. Reportedly on Dylan's last visit, Guthrie didn't recognize him. Dylan said that he made his trek to New York City primarily to seek out his idol. At the end of his life, Guthrie was largely alone except for family. Due to the progression of Huntington's, he was difficult to be around. Guthrie's illness was essentially untreated, due to a lack of information about the disease. His death helped raise awareness of the disease and led Marjorie to help found the Committee to Combat Huntington's Disease, which became the Huntington's Disease Society of America. None of Guthrie's three remaining children with Marjorie has developed symptoms of Huntington's. Two of Mary Guthrie's children (Gwendolyn and Sue) suffered from the disease. (Her son Bill died in an auto-train accident in Pomona, California, at age 23.) Both died at 41 years of age.
Folk revival and Guthrie's death
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, a new generation of young people were inspired by folk singers including Guthrie. These "folk revivalists" became more politically aware in their music than those of the previous generation. The American Folk Revival was beginning to take place, focused on the issues of the day, such as the civil rights movement and free speech movement. Pockets of folk singers were forming around the country in places such as Cambridge, Massachusetts and the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. One of Guthrie's visitors at Greystone Park was the 19-year-old Bob Dylan who idolized Guthrie. Dylan wrote of Guthrie's repertoire: "The songs themselves were really beyond category. They had the infinite sweep of humanity in them." After learning of Guthrie's whereabouts, Bob Dylan regularly visited him. Guthrie died of complications of Huntington's disease on October 3, 1967. By the time of his death, his work had been discovered by a new audience, introduced to them in part through Bob Dylan, Pete Seeger, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, his ex-wife Marjorie and other new members of the folk revival, and his son Arlo.
Family
Musical legacy
Foundation and archives
The Woody Guthrie Foundation is a non-profit organization that serves as administrator and caretaker of the Woody Guthrie Archives. The archive houses the largest collection of Guthrie material in the world. Guthrie's unrecorded written lyrics housed at the Archives have been the starting point of several albums including the Wilco and Billy Bragg albums ''Mermaid Avenue'' and ''Mermaid Avenue Vol. II'', created in 1998 sessions at the invitation of Guthrie's daughter Nora. The Native American (Diné) trio Blackfire also interpreted previously unreleased Guthrie lyrics at Nora's invitation. Jonatha Brooke's 2008 album, "The Works" (RELEASE: August 26, 2008, LABEL: Bad Dog Records) includes lyrics from the Woody Guthrie Archives set to music by Jonatha Brooke.
Folk Festival
The Woody Guthrie Folk Festival is held annually in mid-July to commemorate Guthrie's life and music. The festival is held on the weekend closest to Guthrie's birth date (July 14) in Guthrie's hometown of Okemah, Oklahoma. Planned and implemented annually by the Woody Guthrie Coalition, a non-profit corporation, the goal is simply to ensure Guthrie's musical legacy. The Woody Guthrie Coalition commissioned a local Creek Indian sculptor to cast a full-body bronze statue of Guthrie and his guitar, complete with the guitar's well-known inscription: "This machine kills fascists". The statue, sculpted by artist Dan Brook, stands along Okemah's main street in the heart of downtown and was unveiled in 1998, the inaugural year of the festival.
Jewish songs
Marjorie Mazia was born Marjorie Greenblatt and her mother, Aliza Greenblatt, was a well-known Yiddish poet. With her, Guthrie wrote numerous Jewish lyrics. Guthrie’s Jewish lyrics can be traced to the unusual collaborative relationship he had with his mother-in-law, who lived across from Guthrie and his family in Brooklyn in the 1940s. Guthrie (the Oklahoma troubadour) and Greenblatt (the Jewish wordsmith) often discussed their artistic projects and critiqued each other’s works, finding common ground in their shared love of culture and social justice, despite very different backgrounds. Their collaboration flourished in 1940s Brooklyn, where Jewish culture was interwoven with music, modern dance, poetry and anti-fascist, pro-labor, classic socialist activism. Guthrie was inspired to write songs that came directly out of this unlikely relationship, both personal and political; he identified the problems of Jews with those of his fellow Okies and other oppressed peoples.These lyrics were rediscovered by Nora Guthrie and were set to music by the Jewish Klezmer group The Klezmatics with the release of ''Happy Joyous Hanukkah'' on JMG Records in 2007. The Klezmatics also released ''Wonder Wheel — Lyrics by Woody Guthrie'', an album of spiritual lyrics put to music composed by the band. The album, produced by Danny Blume, was awarded a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album.
Tributes
Since his death, artists have paid tribute to Guthrie by covering his songs or by dedicating songs to him. One of the first artists to do so was Scottish folk artist Donovan, who covered Guthrie's "Car, Car (Riding in My Car)" on his 1965 debut album ''What's Bin Did and What's Bin Hid''. On January 20, 1968, three months following Guthrie's death, Harold Leventhal produced ''A Tribute to Woody Guthrie'' at New York City's Carnegie Hall. Performers included Jack Elliott, Pete Seeger, Tom Paxton, Bob Dylan and The Band, Judy Collins, Arlo Guthrie, Richie Havens, Odetta, and others. Leventhal repeated the tribute on September 12, 1970 at the Hollywood Bowl. Recordings of the two concerts were eventually compiled as an album. The legendary Irish folk singer, Christy Moore, was also strongly influenced by Woody in his seminal 1970 album ''Prosperous'', giving renditions of "The Ludlow Massacre" and Bob Dylan's "Song to Woody". Bob Dylan also penned, ''Last Thoughts on Woody Guthrie'' as a later tribute song to Guthrie. Bruce Springsteen also performed a cover of Guthrie's "This Land is Your Land" on his live album ''Live 1975-1985''. In the introduction to the song, Springsteen referred to it as "just about one of the most beautiful songs ever written."In September 1996 Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum and Case Western Reserve University cohosted ''Hard Travelin': The Life and Legacy of Woody Guthrie'', a 10-day conference of panel sessions, lectures, and concerts. The conference became the first in what would become the museum's annual American Music Masters Series conference. Highlights included Arlo Guthrie's keynote address, a Saturday night musical jamboree at Cleveland's Odeon Theater, and a Sunday night concert at Severance Hall, the home of the Cleveland Orchestra. Musicians performing over the course of the conference included Arlo Guthrie, Bruce Springsteen, Billy Bragg, Pete Seeger, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, the Indigo Girls, Ellis Paul, Jimmy LaFave, Ani DiFranco, and others. In 1999, Wesleyan University Press published a collection of essays from the conference and DiFranco's record label, Righteous Babe, released a compilation of the Severance Hall concert, '''Til We Outnumber 'Em'', in 2000.
From 1999 to 2002 the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service presented the traveling exhibit, ''This Land Is Your Land: The Life and Legacy of Woody Guthrie''. In collaboration with Nora Guthrie, the Smithsonian exhibition draws from rarely seen objects, illustrations, film footage, and recorded performances to reveal a complex man who was at once poet, musician, protester, idealist, itinerant hobo, and folk legend.
In 2003, Jimmy LaFave produced a Woody Guthrie tribute show called ''Ribbon of Highway, Endless Skyway''. The ensemble show toured around the country and included a rotating cast of singer-songwriters individually performing Guthrie's songs. Interspersed between songs were Guthrie's philosophical writings read by a narrator. In addition to LaFave, members of the rotating cast included Ellis Paul, Slaid Cleaves, Eliza Gilkyson, Joel Rafael, husband-wife duo Sarah Lee Guthrie (Woody Guthrie's granddaughter) and Johnny Irion, Michael Fracasso, and The Burns Sisters. Oklahoma songwriter Bob Childers, sometimes called "the Dylan of the Dust", served as narrator. When word spread about the tour, performers began contacting LaFave, whose only prerequisite was to have an inspirational connection to Guthrie. Each artist chose the Guthrie songs that he or she would perform as part of the tribute. LaFave said, "It works because all the performers are Guthrie enthusiasts in some form". The inaugural performance of the Ribbon of Highway tour took place on February 5, 2003 at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. The abbreviated show was a featured segment of ''Nashville Sings Woody'', yet another tribute concert to commemorate the music of Woody Guthrie held during the Folk Alliance Conference. The cast of ''Nashville Sings Woody'', a benefit for the Woody Guthrie Foundation and Archives, also included Arlo Guthrie, Marty Stuart, Nanci Griffith, Guy Clark, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Janis Ian, and others.
Woody and Marjorie Guthrie were honored at a musical celebration featuring Billy Bragg and the band Brad on October 17, 2007 at Webster Hall in New York City. Steve Earle also performed. The event was hosted by actor/activist Tim Robbins to benefit the Huntington¹s Disease Society of America to commemorate the organization's 40th Anniversary.
Copyright controversy
In his recordings in the early 1940s Woody Guthrie included the following “Copyright Warning”:“This song is Copyrighted in U.S., under Seal of Copyright # 154085, for a period of 28 years, and anybody caught singin it without our permission, will be mighty good friends of ourn, cause we don’t give a dern. Publish it. Write it. Sing it. Swing to it. Yodel it. We wrote it, that’s all we wanted to do.” Currently the copyright in much of Woody's songs is claimed by a number of different organizations.
When JibJab published a parody of Woody's song This Land Is Your Land to comment on the US 2004 Presidential election, Ludlow Music attempted to have this parody taken down, claiming it breached their copyright. JibJab then sued to affirm their parody was Fair Use, with the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) acting for them. As part of their research on the case they found that the song had actually been first published by Woody Guthrie in 1945, although the copyright was not registered until 1956. This meant that when Ludlow applied to renew the copyright in 1984 they were 11 years too late, and the song had in fact been in the public domain since 1973 (28 years from first publication). Ludlow agreed that JibJab were free to distribute their parody. In an interview on NPR Arlo Guthrie said that he thought the parody was hilarious and he thought Woody would have loved it too. Ludlow still claims copyright in this song; however, it is not clear what the basis of this claim is.
Posthumous honors
Pete Seeger had the Sloop ''Woody Guthrie'' built for an organization he founded, the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater. It was launched in 1978. Now operated by the Beacon Sloop Club, it serves to educate people about sailing and the history and environs of the Hudson River.Although Guthrie's catalogue never brought him many awards while he was alive, in 1988 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the same year Bob Dylan was inducted (much of Dylan's initial folk music work was heavily influenced by Guthrie), and in 2000 he was honored with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
In 1987 "Roll On Columbia" was chosen as the official Washington State Folk Song, and in 2001 Guthrie's "Oklahoma Hills" was chosen to be the official state folk song of Oklahoma.
On September 26, 1992, The Peace Abbey, a multi-faith retreat center located in Sherborn, Massachusetts, awarded Guthrie their Courage of Conscience Award for his social activism and artistry in song which conveyed the plight of the common person.
On June 26, 1998, as part of its Legends of American Music series, the United States Postal Service issued 45 million 32-cent stamps honoring folk musicians Huddie Ledbetter, Guthrie, Sonny Terry and Josh White. The four musicians were represented on sheets of 20 stamps.
In July 2001, CB's Gallery in New York City began hosting an annual Woody Guthrie Birthday Bash concert featuring multiple performers. This event moved to the Bowery Poetry Club in 2007 after CB's Gallery and CBGB, its parent club, closed.
In 2005, the Boston-based punk band Dropkick Murphys recorded "I'm Shipping Up to Boston". The song's lyrics are from a poem written by Guthrie, and the music was composed by the band. The song was released in 2005 on the album ''The Warrior's Code'' and gained fame when it was used as part of the soundtrack for the 2006 movie ''The Departed''.
In 2006, The Klezmatics set Jewish lyrics written by Guthrie to music. The resulting album, ''Wonder Wheel'', won the Grammy award for best contemporary world music album.
On April 27, 2007, Guthrie was one of four Okemah natives inducted into Okemah's Hall of Fame during the town's Pioneer Day weekend of festivities.
On February 10, 2008, ''The Live Wire: Woody Guthrie in Performance 1949'', a rare live recording released in cooperation with the Woody Guthrie Foundation, was the recipient of a Grammy Award in the category Best Historical Album. Less than two years later, Guthrie was again nominated for a Grammy in the same category with the 2009 release of ''My Dusty Road'' on Rounder Records.
Selected discography
Many Guthrie tracks have been repeatedly repackaged and reordered. Items here are listed in order of the most recent published date, not original recording date.
| !Year | !Title | !Record Label |
| 1940 | ''Dust Bowl Ballads'' | Folkways Records |
| 1972 | ''Greatest Songs of Woody Guthrie'' | |
| 1987 | ''Columbia River Collection'' | Rounder Records |
| 1988 | ''Folkways: The Original Vision'' (Woody and Leadbelly) | Smithsonian Folkways |
| 1988 | ''Library of Congress Recordings'' | Rounder Records |
| 1989 | ''Woody Guthrie Sings Folk Songs'' | Smithsonian Folkways |
| 1990 | ''Struggle'' | Smithsonian Folkways |
| 1991 | ''Cowboy Songs on Folkways'' | Smithsonian Folkways |
| 1991 | ''Songs to Grow on for Mother and Child'' | Smithsonian Folkways |
| 1992 | ''Nursery Days'' | Smithsonian Folkways |
| 1994 | ''Long Ways to Travel: The Unreleased Folkways Masters, 1944–1949'' | Smithsonian Folkways |
| 1996 | ''Almanac Singers'' | UNI/MCA |
| 1996 | ''Ballads of Sacco & Vanzetti'' | Smithsonian Folkways |
| 1997 | Smithsonian Folkways | |
| 1997 | Smithsonian Folkways | |
| 1998 | Smithsonian Folkways | |
| 1999 | Smithsonian Folkways | |
| 2007 | ''The Live Wire: Woody Guthrie in Performance 1949'' | Woody Guthrie Publications |
| 2009 | ''My Dusty Road'' | Rounder Records |
See also
References
Citations
Printed sources
Further reading/listening
External links
Category:1912 births Category:1967 deaths Category:American autobiographers Category:American buskers Category:American folk singers Category:American folk-song collectors Category:American male singers Category:American sailors Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American socialists Category:Cub Records artists Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Woody Category:Industrial Workers of the World members Category:Musicians from Oklahoma Category:Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame inductees Category:People from Echo Park, Los Angeles Category:People from Okemah, Oklahoma Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:Shack dwellers Category:Squatters Category:Songster musicians Category:Songwriters from Oklahoma Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Category:Vanguard Records artists Category:Anti-fascists Category:American folk guitarists Category:American harmonica players Category:American mandolinists Category:American violinists Category:Rounder Records artists
ast:Woody Guthrie ca:Woody Guthrie cs:Woody Guthrie da:Woody Guthrie de:Woody Guthrie es:Woody Guthrie eu:Woody Guthrie fr:Woody Guthrie ga:Woody Guthrie gl:Woody Guthrie it:Woody Guthrie he:וודי גאת'רי la:Woody Guthrie lv:Vudijs Gatrijs nl:Woody Guthrie ja:ウディ・ガスリー no:Woody Guthrie nn:Woody Guthrie pl:Woody Guthrie pt:Woody Guthrie ru:Гатри, Вуди simple:Woody Guthrie fi:Woody Guthrie sv:Woody Guthrie tr:Woody Guthrie uk:Вуді ГатріThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 33°55′31″N18°25′26″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Jeff Mangum |
| |caption | Jeff Mangum (right) plays in Pittsburgh on October 18, 2008 |
| Background | solo_singer |
| Born | October 24, 1970Ruston, Louisiana |
| Instrument | Guitar, Drums, Bass, Organ, Vocals, Floor tom |
| Years active | 1987–2002, 2006, 2008–current |
| Label | Merge Records, Orange Twin Records |
| Associated acts | Neutral Milk Hotel, Circulatory System, The Olivia Tremor Control, Synthetic Flying Machine, Cranberry Lifecycle, The Apples in Stereo, Major Organ and the Adding Machine, Elf Power |
| notable instruments | Gibson ES-125Gibson SG }} |
With Neutral Milk Hotel
Neutral Milk Hotel was born after the disbandment of Synthetic Flying Machine, with an original line-up of Will Cullen Hart and Bill Doss on guitar and bass and Jeff Mangum on drums. Around 1995 Mangum left Synthetic Flying Machine to focus on his own songs. A year of intensive songwriting (some of it accomplished, according to Mangum, while he was living in a haunted closet) in Denver, Colorado with Robert Schneider at his Pet Sounds Studio resulted in his debut album, ''On Avery Island'', released in 1996, consisting mostly of Schneider and Mangum playing with friends. Mangum eventually expanded the line up of Neutral Milk Hotel and in 1998 released ''In the Aeroplane over the Sea''.
After Neutral Milk Hotel
The relative success of the album in addition to the pressures of sudden fame took its toll on Mangum, who disbanded Neutral Milk Hotel in 1998 after a tour in support of their latest album. Mangum has kept largely out of the public eye since, only rarely playing acoustic sets and concentrating more on his recorded sound and music collages.In March 2001, Mangum and Julian Koster (also formerly of Neutral Milk Hotel) contributed to an album called ''Major Organ and the Adding Machine''. Other involved players were Kevin Barnes from the band of Montreal, Eric Harris and Will Cullen Hart of Olivia Tremor Control, and Elf Power's Andrew Rieger.
In the summer of 2001, Mangum released a compilation of field recordings of Bulgarian folk music called ''Orange Twin Field Works: Volume I'' followed by a live album on the Orange Twin label, ''Live at Jittery Joe's''. The set was recorded by filmmaker Lance Bangs in 1997 and was put out to combat the exorbitant sums that Neutral Milk Hotel live albums were selling for on eBay. The CD features a QuickTime movie of the concert performance, featuring a backlit Mangum seen mostly in silhouette throughout the video. In 2005, ''Live at Jittery Joe's'' was released on LP by Isota Records.
In the summer and fall of 2002, Mangum hosted several radio shows featuring tape loops and other recordings on Jersey City, New Jersey radio station WFMU.
On September 19, 2006 it was announced that Mangum would contribute to The Apples in Stereo's new album ''New Magnetic Wonder''. Mangum is reported to be playing "drums, cow object, backing vocals, handclaps". Mangum also contributed drums to the Circulatory System album, ''Signal Morning'', released in September 2009.
In October 2008, Mangum performed the song "Engine" on several stops of the Elephant 6 Holiday Surprise Tour. Prior to these performances, he had not played Neutral Milk Hotel songs in public since 2001. At the Lexington, KY stop, Mangum, Scott Spillane and Julian Koster led concertgoers outside the venue to a nearby tree. Prior to playing Engine, the group surprised the audience with Neutral Milk Hotel's "The Fool". This was, effectively, the closest thing to a Neutral Milk Hotel performance since 1998.
In December 2009, Mangum contributed the song "Sign the Dotted Line" to a Chris Knox tribute album titled ''Stroke: Songs for Chris Knox''.
On May 6, 2010, Mangum played a 25-minute acoustic set at a Chris Knox benefit show at Le Poisson Rouge in NYC. He played: "Oh Comely," "A Baby for Pree/Where You'll Find Me Now," "Two Headed Boy pt. 2," "In the Aeroplane over the Sea" and as an encore, "Engine." It was also announced it was not the start of a comeback, but a one time performance to benefit his friend Chris Knox.
On December 4, 2010, Mangum played a 10 song set at a loft in Bushwick, Brooklyn including 6 songs from ''In the Aeroplane Over the Sea'' and ''Engine''.
On August 12 and 13, 2011, Mangum played full sets at Trinity-St.Paul's United Church in Toronto, Ontario. Both shows were opened by members of the Elephant 6 Collective. Mangum played very similar sets at the two shows, performing several songs from Neutral Milk Hotel's "In the Aeroplane over the Sea" and "On Avery Island". During the show on August 12, Mangum also played a cover of Daniel Johnston's "True love will find you in the end". Mangum performed "Engine" as an encore at both shows.
On 30 September 2011, Mangum will be playing a full set at I'll Be Your Mirror in Asbury Park, NJ. This will be followed by a solo set by Mangum on October 3, 2011 at the Paramount Theatre. Jeff will be curating the ATP event at Butlins Holiday Park, Minehead between the 2nd and 4 December 2011, other bands from the Elephant 6 collective have already been announced to support including Apples In Stereo and The Olivia Tremor Control
On February 16, 2011, Mangum announced a solo tour in Summer/Fall of 2011.
On April 20, 2011, Robert Schneider debuted a score composed by Mangum for the Teletron, an instrument Schneider had invented. It is unknown whether the composition will have an official release.
On August 26, 2011, Mangum launched the website walkingwallofwords.com, where he is self-releasing a box set of Neutral Milk Hotel albums and unreleased tracks, as well as one-of-a-kind drawings and a radio show he curated.
Discography
With The Olivia Tremor Control
With Major Organ and the Adding Machine
With Neutral Milk Hotel
See Neutral Milk Hotel discography.
As Jeff Mangum
External links
References
Category:The Elephant 6 Recording Company artists Category:American male singers Category:American singer-songwriters Category:Musicians from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:American indie rock musicians Category:Living people Category:People from Atlanta, Georgia Category:Ruston High School alumni Category:1970 births
es:Jeff Mangum fr:Jeff MangumThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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Japanese Surrender in Color (1945)
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