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China
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Iranian languages
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Tajiks in China
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Tashkurgan Town
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Xinjiang
Xinjiang (; ; ; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang) is an autonomous region (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region) of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2. Xinjiang borders Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, has abundant oil reserves and is China's largest natural gas-producing region.
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Kashmir (Kashmiri: कॅशीर, کٔشِیر; Dogri: कश्मीर; Ladakhi: ཀཤམིར; Balti: کشمیر; Gojri: کشمیر; Poonchi/Chibhali: کشمیر; Shina: کشمیر; Uyghur: كەشمىر) is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range.
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Tajikistan ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (, Jumhurii Tojikiston; , Respublika Tadzhikistan; Jomhuri-ye Tajikestan), is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east. Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan and the Gilgit-Baltistan region, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor.
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- Avestan language
- China
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- declension
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- Tajikistan
- Tajiks in China
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- Uyghur Ereb Yéziqi
- Uyghur language
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- Xinjiang
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- Arabic alphabet
- Avestan language
- China
- Chinese language
- declension
- English language
- Ghalchah languages
- imperative mood
- inflection
- interrogative mood
- Iranian languages
- Kashmir
- Pamir languages
- Pashto language
- Persian language
- Shughni language
- Tajik language
- Tajikistan
- Tajiks in China
- Tashkurgan Town
- Toponymy
- Uyghur Ereb Yéziqi
- Uyghur language
- Wakhi language
- Xinjiang
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Coordinates | 12°2′36″N77°1′42″N |
---|---|
Name | Sarikoli |
Nativename | tujik ziv |
States | People's Republic of China |
Speakers | approximately 20,500 (1990) |
Familycolor | Indo-European |
Fam2 | Indo-Iranian |
Fam3 | Iranian |
Fam4 | Eastern |
Fam5 | Southeastern |
Fam6 | Pamir |
Script | None, Arabic |
Iso3 | srh |
Lingua | 58-ABD-eb |
Map | Sarikoli Language in Xinjiang.png |
Mapcaption | Xinjiang province. Light blue are areas where Sarikoli is spoken. |
Notice | IPA}} |
The Sarikoli language (also Sariqoli, Selekur, Sarikul, Sariqul, Sariköli) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by Tajiks in China. It is officially referred to in China as the "Tajik language", although it is different from the language spoken in Tajikistan.
Nomenclature
Sarikoli is officially referred to as "Tajik" (塔吉克语 Tǎjíkèyǔ) in China. However, it is not closely related to Tajik as spoken in Tajikistan. It is also referred to as Tashkorghani, after the ancient capital of the Sarikoli kingdom (now a county of Xinjiang); however, this usage is not widespread among scholars.The earliest written accounts in English, from the 1870s, generally use the name "Sarikoli".
Distribution of speakers
The number of speakers is around 20,000; most reside in the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in southern Xinjiang Province, China. The Chinese name for the Sarikoli language, as well as the usage of Sarikol as a toponym, is Sèlēikùěr (色勒库尔). Speakers in China typically use Uyghur and Chinese to communicate with people of other ethnic groups in the area. The rest are found in the Pakistani-controlled sector of Kashmir, closely hugging the Pakistan-Chinese international borders.It is mutually unintelligible with the related Wakhi language.
Orthography
The language has no official written form. Gawarjon, publishing in China, used IPA to transcribe the sounds of Sarikoli in his book and dictionary, while Pakhalina, publishing in Russia, used an alphabet similar to that of the Wakhi language in hers. Because the majority of Sarikoli-speakers attend schools using Uyghur as the medium of instruction, some may be able to write their language using the Uyghur alphabet.
Phonology
Vowels
Sarikoli vowels as used in Russian works (IPA values in bracelets):In some dialects also long variants of those vowels can appear: ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, ы̄, ǝ̄.
Consonants
Sarikoli has 29 consonants:Sariqoli consonants according to Russian Iranologist transcription (IPA values in bracelets): p , b , t , d , k , g , q , c , ʒ , č , ǰ , s , z , x̌ , γ̌ , f , v , θ , δ , x , γ , š , ž , w , y , m , n , l , r
Stress
Most words receive stress on the last syllable; however, a minority receive stress on their first syllable. Also, several noun declensions and verb inflections regularly place stress on their first syllable, including the imperative and interrogative.
Vocabulary
Although to a large extent the Sarikoli lexicon is quite close to those of other Eastern Iranian languages, but a large number are words are special to Sarikoli and the closely related Shughni, that are not found in other Eastern Iranian languages like Wakhi, Pashto or Avestan.
+ Lexical comparison of seven Iranian languages together with an English translation | English language | English gloss | Persian language>Persian | Tajik language>Tajik | Shughni language>Shughni | ! Sarikoli | Wakhi language>Wakhi | Pashto language>Pashto | Avestan language>Avestan |
son | pesær (پسر) | pisar (писар)| | putra | ||||||
fire | (اتش)| | (оташ) | âtar | ||||||
water | ɒb (اب)| | ob (об) | aiwyô, ap | ||||||
hand | dæst (دست)| | dast (даѕт) | zasta | ||||||
foot | pɒ (پا)| | po (по) | pad | ||||||
tooth | dændɒn (دندان)| | dandon (дандон) | ? | ||||||
eye | (چشم)| | (чашм) | cashman | ||||||
horse | æsb (اسب)| | asp (асп) | aspa | ||||||
cloud | æbr (ابر)| | abr (абр) | ? | ||||||
wheat | gændom (گندم)| | gandum (гандум) | ? | ||||||
meat | (گوشت)| | (гушт) | ? | ||||||
many | besjɒr (بسيار)| | bisjor (бисёр) | paoiri, paoirîsh, pouru | ||||||
high | bolænd (بلند)| | baland (баланд) | berezô, berezañt | ||||||
far | (دور)| | dur (дур) | dûra, dûrât | ||||||
good | (خوب)| | (хуб) | vohu | ||||||
small | (كوچك))| | (хурд) | ? | ||||||
to say | goft (گفت)| | guft (гуфт) | aoj-, mrû-, sangh- | ||||||
to do | kærd (كرد)| | kard (кард) | kar- | ||||||
to see | did (ديد)| | did (дид) | dî- |
References
Further reading
External links
Category:Pamir languages Category:Southeastern Iranian languages Category:Languages of China Category:Languages of Pakistan Category:Endangered Iranian languages
bg:Саръколски език et:Sarikoli keel es:Idioma sarikoli fr:Sariqoli gl:Lingua sariculiana it:Sarikoli pms:Lenga Sarikoli pl:Język sarikoli ru:Сарыкольский язык simple:Sarikoli fi:Sarikolin kieli th:ภาษาซาริโกลี zh:色勒库尔语This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.