Coordinates	4°17′53″N117°52′59″N
name	Shane
director	George Stevens
producer	George Stevens
cinematography	Loyal Griggs
editing	William HornbeckTom McAdoo
music	Victor Young
story	Jack Schaefer
screenplay	A.B. Guthrie Jr.
starring	Alan LaddJean ArthurVan HeflinBrandon De WildeJack Palance
distributor	Paramount Pictures
released
runtime	118 minutes
country
language	English
budget	$3 million
gross	}}

''Shane'' is a 1953 American Western film from Paramount. It was produced and directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by A.B. Guthrie Jr., based on the 1949 novel of the same name by Jack Schaefer. Its Oscar-winning cinematography was by Loyal Griggs. The film stars Alan Ladd, Jean Arthur (in her last film after a thirty-year career) and Van Heflin, and features Brandon De Wilde, Elisha Cook Jr., Jack Palance and Ben Johnson.

''Shane'' was listed #45 in the 2007 edition of AFI's 100 Years…100 Movies list and #3 on AFI's 10 Top 10 in the category Western.

Plot

A stranger who calls himself Shane (Alan Ladd) drifts into an isolated valley in the sparsely settled territory of Wyoming. It soon becomes apparent that he is a gunslinger, and he finds himself drawn into a conflict between simple homesteader Joe Starrett (Van Heflin) and powerful cattle baron Rufus Ryker (Emile Meyer), who wants to force Starrett and every other homesteader in the valley off the land. Shane accepts a job as a farmhand, but finds Starrett's young son Joey (Brandon DeWilde) drawn to him for his strength and skill with a gun. Shane himself is uncomfortably drawn to Starrett's wholesomely charming wife, Marian (Jean Arthur).

When Shane and the rest of the homesteaders go into town, Shane gets into a fistfight with Ryker's men. With Joe's help, they beat up Ryker's men, and the shopkeeper orders them out. Ryker then declares that he and his men will kill the next time Shane or Joe return to the town.

As tensions mount between the factions, Ryker hires Jack Wilson (Jack Palance), a skilled gunslinger. After Wilson kills ex-Confederate Frank 'Stonewall' Torrey (Elisha Cook, Jr.), a hot-tempered Alabama homesteader who had stood up to him, the homesteaders have a funeral for him with many planning to leave afterwards. Once the funeral is over, the homesteaders see a fire burning in the distance. Ryker's men have set fire to the house of one of the homesteaders, Lewis. The homesteaders then resolve to keep fighting and they promise to help rebuild the house despite fears that the same will happen to them. Joe Starrett decides to take it upon himself to kill Wilson and Ryker and save the town; however, one of the cowpunchers, who declares that he's "quitting" Ryker, tells Shane that Joe is "up against a stacked deck." Shane stops Joe, and the two men fight over who should go on to face Wilson. Shane regretfully uses his gun to hit Joe over the head and knock him out, knowing this was the only way to prevent Joe from facing Ryker and getting killed. Joey yells at Shane, and then turns to his father. Shane saddles up and rides to the town.

At the town, Shane walks into the saloon. He faces Wilson first; they both draw their guns and Shane shoots Wilson several times. Shane turns swiftly to his left and guns down Ryker. Shane turns to leave. Joey, having followed Shane from the farm, warns Shane of danger. Ryker's brother is on the staircase with a Winchester rifle, and is able to fire first. He shoots Shane in the back, but then Shane returns fire and the rifleman collapses from the staircase onto the floor.

Joey runs up to Shane; Shane asks Joey to take care of the homestead and to watch over his family. The wounded Shane gets onto his horse and rides away. He is upright (looking down at the ground at night) with his left arm hanging to one side. He rides past the grave stones on Cemetery Hill, symbolically appearing to sink down amongst them.

The film does not explicitly indicate whether Shane survives the wound he received in the shootout. This has led to sometimes heated discussions among fans of the film, as depicted in the 1998 film ''The Negotiator''.

Cast

Alan Ladd as Shane

Jean Arthur as Marian Starrett

Van Heflin as Joe Starrett

Brandon De Wilde as Joey Starrett

Jack Palance (credited as Walter Jack Palance) as Jack Wilson

Ben Johnson as Chris Calloway

Edgar Buchanan as Fred Lewis

Emile Meyer as Rufus Ryker

Elisha Cook, Jr. as Frank 'Stonewall' Torrey

Douglas Spencer as Axel 'Swede' Shipstead

John Dierkes as Morgan Ryker

Ellen Corby as Mrs. Liz Torrey

Paul McVey as Sam Grafton

John Miller as Will Atkey, bartender

Edith Evanson as Mrs. Shipstead

Leonard Strong as Ernie Wright

Nancy Kulp as Mrs. Howells

Production notes

thumb|Behind the scenes of the filming of Shane.Although the film is fiction, elements of the setting are derived from Wyoming's Johnson County War. The physical setting is the high plains near Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and many shots feature the Grand Teton massif looming in the near distance. Other filming took place at Big Bear Lake, San Bernardino National Forest, the Iverson Ranch, Chatsworth and at Paramount Studios in Hollywood, California.

Director George Stevens originally cast Montgomery Clift as Shane, William Holden as Joe Starrett; when they both proved unavailable, the film was nearly abandoned. Stevens asked studio head Y. Frank Freeman for a list of available actors with current contracts. Within three minutes, he chose Alan Ladd, Van Heflin and Jean Arthur, though Arthur was not the first choice to play Marian; Katharine Hepburn was originally considered for the role. Even though she had not made a picture in five years, Arthur accepted the part at the request of George Stevens with whom she had worked in two earlier films, ''The Talk of the Town'' (1942) and ''The More the Merrier'' (1943) for which she received her only Oscar nomination. ''Shane'' marked her last film appearance (when the film was shot she was 50 years old, significantly older than her two male costars), although she later appeared in theater and a short-lived television series.

Although the film was made between July and October 1951, it was not released until 1953 due to director Stevens' extensive editing. The film cost so much to make that at one point, Paramount negotiated its sale to Howard Hughes, who later pulled out of the arrangement. The studio felt the film would never recoup its costs, though it ended up making a significant profit. Another story reported that Paramount was going to release the film as "just another western" until Hughes watched a rough cut of the film and offered to buy it on the spot from Paramount for his RKO Radio Pictures. Hughes' offer made Paramount reconsider the film for a major release.

Jack Palance had problems with horses and Alan Ladd with guns. The scene where Shane practices shooting in front of Joey required 116 takes. A scene where Jack Palance mounts his horse was actually a shot of him dismounting, but played in reverse. As well, the original planned introduction of Wilson galloping into town was replaced with him simply walking in on his horse, which was noted as improving the entrance by making him seem more threatening.

Technical details

''Shane'' was the first film to be projected in a "flat" widescreen, a format that Paramount invented in order to offer audiences something that Television could not—a panoramic screen. Paramount, in conjunction with the management of Radio City Music Hall, installed a screen measuring 50 feet wide by 30 feet high, replacing the Hall's previous screen, which was 34 feet wide by 25 feet high. Although the film's image was shot using the standard 1.37:1 Academy ratio, Paramount picked ''Shane'' to debut their new wide-screen system because it was composed largely of long and medium shots that would not be compromised by cropping the image. Using a newly cut aperture plate in the movie projector, as well as a wider-angle lens, the film was exhibited in its first-run venues at an aspect ratio of 1.66:1. Just before the premiere, Paramount announced that all of their films would be shot for this ratio from then on. This process was new to the general public, only having been debuted in New York City with ''This is Cinerama'' and nationally with Warner Bros. picture, ''House of Wax''.

The film was also one of the first films to attempt to re-create the overwhelming ''sound'' of gunfire. Warren Beatty cited this aspect of ''Shane'' as inspiration during the filming of ''Bonnie and Clyde.''

In addition, ''Shane'' was one of the first films in which actors were attached to hidden wires that yanked them backwards when they were shot from the front. The director George Stevens was in World War II and saw what a single bullet can do to a man.

In the mid to late 1970s, the Welsh television station HTV Cymru/Wales broadcast a version dubbed into the Welsh language.

Reception

The film opened in New York City at Radio City Music Hall on April 23, 1953. According to ''Motion Picture Daily'', "opening day business at the Music Hall was close to capacity. The audience at the first performance applauded at the end of a fight sequence and again at the end of the picture.

Bosley Crowther, after attending the premiere, called the film a "rich and dramatic mobile painting of the American frontier scene" and noted: Crowther called "the concept and the presence" of Joey, the little boy played by Brandon De Wilde, as being key to "permit[ting] a refreshing viewpoint on material that's not exactly new. For it's this youngster's frank enthusiasms and naive reactions that are made the solvent of all the crashing drama in A. B. Guthrie Jr.'s script."

''Shane'' ended its run at Radio City Music Hall on May 20, 1953, racking up $114,000 in four weeks at Radio City.

Nearly 50 years later, Woody Allen called ''Shane'' "George Stevens' masterpiece" and said it is on his "list of great American films, which include, among others, ... ''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre'', ''White Heat'', ''Double Indemnity'', ''The Informer'' and ''The Hill'' by Sidney Lumet.... ''Shane''...is a great movie and can hold its own with any film, whether it's a western or not."

Awards and honors

Wins

Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Color, Loyal Griggs; 1954.

Nominations

Academy Awards: Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Brandon De Wilde; Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Jack Palance; Best Director, George Stevens; Best Picture, George Stevens; Best Writing, Screenplay, A.B. Guthrie Jr.; 1954.

Other

In 1993, ''Shane'' was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

''Shane'' was listed at #69 on the original ''AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies'' list in 1997. When the list was revisited in 2007, it rose to #45.

In June 2008, AFI revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. ''Shane'' was acknowledged as the third best film in the western genre.

American Film Institute recognition

AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies #69

AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains:

*Shane, Hero #16

AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes #47

*"Shane. Shane. Come back!"

AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers #53

AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) #45

AFI's 10 Top 10 #3 Western

Homages

Clint Eastwood's western ''Pale Rider'' pays tribute to ''Shane'' with a similar plot and similar ending. The movie ''Nowhere to Run'' (1993) with Jean-Claude Van Damme and Rosanna Arquette was loosely based on ''Shane''. The 1965 comedy western ''Cat Ballou'' spoofs ''Shane'' in various ways. Its buckskin-clad "good" gunfighter Kid Shelleen and black-clad villain Tim Strawn are obviously patterned after Shane and Jack Wilson, respectively, though in ''Cat Ballou'' the two adversaries turn out to be brothers. The McBain family funeral scene in the Sergio Leone epic ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' (1968) is borrowed almost shot-for-shot from the funeral scene in ''Shane''.

The 1984 album ''The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking'' by British musician and Pink Floyd founder member Roger Waters references the movie ''Shane'' extensively. Mainly in the track "5.01AM" where audio samples from the movie are used to punctuate verses of the song.

It is also speculated that the animated hit "Cowboy Bebop" based its final episode loosely off the ending to "Shane". In homage of the Western Hit.

The 1966 television series ''Batman'' featured a cowboy-themed villain called "Shame" played by Cliff Robertson. The storyline that introduces Shame also riffs on the film's famous catchphrase, featuring a young boy calling "Come back, Shame!"

Copyright status in Japan

In 2006, ''Shane'' was the subject of a major legal case in Japan involving the expiration of its copyright in Japan. First Trading Corporation had been selling budget-priced copies of public domain movies, including ''Shane'', as Japanese law only protected cinematographic works for 50 years from the year it was published—which meant that ''Shane'' fell into the public domain in 2003. In a lawsuit filed by Paramount, it was contested that ''Shane'' was not in the public domain in Japan due to an amendment which extended the copyright term for these works from 50 to 70 years, and came into effect on January 1, 2004. It was later ruled that the new law was not retroactive, and any film produced during or before 1953 was not eligible for the extension.

References

External links

''Shane'' at Filmsite.org

Category:1953 films Category:American films Category:English-language films Category:1950s Western films Category:Films directed by George Stevens Category:Films shot in Technicolor Category:Films shot in Wyoming Category:Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy Award Category:Paramount Pictures films Category:United States National Film Registry films Category:American Western films

ca:Arrels profundes de:Mein großer Freund Shane es:Shane eo:Shane fr:L'Homme des vallées perdues ko:셰인 (영화) hr:Shane (1953) it:Il cavaliere della valle solitaria he:שיין (סרט) nl:Shane (film) ja:シェーン no:Shane pl:Jeździec znikąd (film) pt:Shane ru:Шейн (фильм) fi:Etäisten laaksojen mies sv:Mannen från vidderna

Coordinates	4°17′53″N117°52′59″N
name	George Stevens
birth date	December 18, 1904
birth place	Oakland, California, U.S.
death date	March 08, 1975
death place	Lancaster, California, U.S.
occupation	Director, Cinematographer, Editor, Writer, Producer
years active	1915–70
spouse	Yvonne Howell (1930–47)Joan McTavish (1968–75)
academyawards	Best Director1951 ''A Place in the Sun''1956 ''Giant'' Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award1954 Lifetime Achievement
awards	NBR Award for Best Director1953 ''Shane'' NYFCC Award for Best Director1943 ''The More the Merrier''Hollywood Walk of Fame1701 Vine Street }}

George Stevens (December 18, 1904 – March 8, 1975) was an American film director, producer, screenwriter and cinematographer.

Among his most notable films were ''Diary of Anne Frank'' (1959), nominated for Best Director, ''Giant'' (1956), winner of Oscar for Best Director, ''Shane'' (1953), Oscar nominated, and ''A Place in the Sun'' (1951), winner of Oscar for Best Director.

Film career

He was born in Oakland, California, and his family included his father Landers Stevens and his mother Georgie Cooper, both of them stage actors. He also had two brothers, Jack and writer Aston Stevens. He learned about the stage from his parents and worked and toured with them, on his way to filmmaking. He broke into the movie business as a cameraman, working on many Laurel and Hardy shorts. His first feature film was ''The Cohens and Kellys in Trouble'' in 1933.

In 1934 he got his first directing job, the slapstick ''Kentucky Kernels''. His big break came when he directed Katharine Hepburn in ''Alice Adams'' in 1935. He went on in the late 1930s to direct several Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire movies, not only with the two actors together, but on their own. In 1940, he directed Carole Lombard in ''Vigil in the Night'', and the film has an alternate ending for European audiences in recognition of World War II, which the US had not yet entered.

During the Second World War, Stevens joined the U.S. Army Signal Corps and headed a film unit from 1943 to 1946, under General Eisenhower. His unit shot footage documenting D-Day—including the only Allied European Front color film of the war—the liberation of Paris and the meeting of American and Soviet forces at the Elbe River, as well as horrific scenes from the Duben labor camp and the Dachau concentration camp. Stevens also helped prepare the Duben and Dachau footage and other material for presentation during the Nuremberg Trials. In 2008, his footage was entered into the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as an "essential visual record" of World War II.

One result of his World War II experiences was that his subsequent films became more dramatic. ''I Remember Mama'' in 1948 was the last movie that he made with comic scenes. He was responsible for such classic films as ''A Place in the Sun'', ''Shane'', ''The Diary of Anne Frank'', ''Giant'' and ''The Greatest Story Ever Told''. He ended his directing career with the 1970 film ''The Only Game in Town'' with Warren Beatty and in her final film with Stevens, Elizabeth Taylor. In the same year, he was head of the jury at the 20th Berlin International Film Festival.

Personal life

Stevens is the father of TV and film writer-producer-director George Stevens, Jr. (who was named the first CEO and director of the American Film Institute), and is the grandfather of TV and film producer-director Michael Stevens.

Stevens died following a heart attack on March 8, 1975 on his ranch in Lancaster, California, north of Los Angeles.

Awards

Stevens has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1701 Vine Street. He won the Academy Award for Best Director twice, in 1951 for ''A Place in the Sun'' and in 1956 for ''Giant''. He was also nominated in 1943 for ''The More the Merrier'', in 1954 for ''Shane'', and in 1959 for ''The Diary of Anne Frank''.

Filmography

{|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" !Year||Title||Production Co.||Cast||Notes |- |1930 || ''Ladies Last'' || Hal Roach Studios || || 3rd episode from the "Boy Friends" series |- style=background:#efefef; |1931 || ''Blood and Thunder'' || Hal Roach Studios || || 4th episode from the "Boy Friends" series |- |1931 || ''High Gear'' || Hal Roach Studios || || 5th episode from the "Boy Friends" series |- style=background:#efefef; |1931 || ''Air-Tight'' || Hal Roach Studios || || 7th episode from the "Boy Friends" series |- |1931 || ''Call a Cop!'' || Hal Roach Studios || || 8th episode from the "Boy Friends" series |- style=background:#efefef; |1931 || ''Mama Loves Papa'' || Hal Roach Studios || || 9th episode from the "Boy Friends" series |- |1931 || ''The Kick-Off!'' || Hal Roach Studios || || 10th episode from the "Boy Friends" series |- style=background:#efefef; |1932 || ''Who, Me?'' || Universal || || Short film |- |1932 || ''The Finishing Touch'' || Universal || || Short film |- style=background:#efefef; |1932 || ''Boys Will Be Boys'' || Universal || || Short film |- |1933 || ''A Divorce Courtship'' || Universal || || Short film |- style=background:#efefef; |1933 || ''Family Troubles'' || Universal || || Short film |- |1933 || ''Rock-a-Bye Cowboy'' || Universal || || Short film |- style=background:#efefef; |1933 || ''Should Crooners Marry'' || Universal || || Short film |- |1933 || ''The Cohens and Kellys in Trouble'' || Universal || George Sidney / Charles Murray || Part of "The Cohens and Kellys" comedy series |- style=background:#efefef; |1933 || ''Room Mates'' || Universal || || Short film |- |1933 || ''Quiet Please!'' || RKO || || Short film |- style=background:#efefef; |1933 || ''Flirting in the Park'' || RKO || June Brewster / Carol Tevis || Part of "The Blonde and The Redhead" comedy series |- |1933 || ''What Fur'' || RKO || || Short film |- style=background:#efefef; |1933 || ''Grin and Bear It'' || RKO || || Short film |- |1934 || ''Ocean Swells'' || RKO || || Short film |- style=background:#efefef; |1934 || ''The Undie-World'' || RKO || June Brewster / Carol Tevis || Part of "The Blonde and The Redhead" comedy series |- |1934 || ''Cracked Shots'' || RKO || || Short film |- style=background:#efefef; |1934 || ''Hollywood Party'' || MGM || Hollywood Revue || In an attempt to salvage the film Harry Kapf hired Stevens, and 8 other directors, to direct a sequence for the film. |- |1934 || ''Bachelor Bait'' || RKO || Stuart Erwin / Rochelle Hudson || |- style=background:#efefef; |1934 || ''Kentucky Kernels'' || RKO || Robert Woolsey / Bert Wheeler / George McFarland || |- |1935 || ''Bridal Bail'' || RKO || June Brewster / Carol Tevis || Part of "The Blonde and The Redhead" comedy series |- style=background:#efefef; |1935 || ''Hunger Pains'' || RKO || June Brewster / Carol Tevis || Part of "The Blonde and The Redhead" comedy series |- |1935 || ''Laddie'' || RKO || || |- style=background:#efefef; |1935 || ''The Nitwits'' || RKO || Robert Woolsey / Bert Wheeler / Betty Grable || |- |1935 || ''Alice Adams'' || RKO || Katharine Hepburn / Fred MacMurray || |- style=background:#efefef; |1935 || ''Annie Oakley'' || RKO || Barbara Stanwyck || |- |1936 || ''Swing Time'' || RKO || Fred Astaire / Ginger Rogers || |- style=background:#efefef; |1937 || ''Quality Street'' || RKO || Katharine Hepburn / Franchot Tone || |- |1937 || ''A Damsel in Distress'' || RKO || Fred Astaire / Joan Fontaine / George Burns / Gracie Allen || |- style=background:#efefef; |1938 || ''Vivacious Lady'' || RKO || Ginger Rogers / Jimmy Stewart || |- |1939 || ''Gunga Din'' || RKO || Cary Grant / Douglas Fairbanks Jr. / Victor McLaglen / Joan Fontaine || |- style=background:#efefef; |1940 || ''Vigil in the Night'' || RKO || Carole Lombard / Brian Aherne / Anne Shirley || |- |1941 || ''Penny Serenade'' || Columbia || Cary Grant / Irene Dunne || |- style=background:#efefef; |1942 || ''Woman of the Year'' || MGM || Spencer Tracy / Katharine Hepburn || |- |1942 || ''The Talk of the Town'' || Columbia || Cary Grant / Jean Arthur / Ronald Colman || |- style=background:#efefef; |1943 || ''The More the Merrier'' || Columbia || Jean Arthur / Charles Coburn / Joel McCrea || |- |1945 || ''That Justice Be Done'' || War Activities Committee || || Documentary / Short film |- style=background:#efefef; |1945 || ''Nazi Concentration Camps'' || || || Documentary |- |1945 || ''The Nazi Plan'' || U.S. Council for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality|| || Documentary |- style=background:#efefef; |1948 || ''On Our Merry Way'' || Miracle Productions || || Anthology story / Co-directed a sequence |- |1948 || ''I Remember Mama'' || RKO || Irene Dunne || |- style=background:#efefef; |1951 || ''A Place in the Sun'' || Paramount || Montgomery Clift / Elizabeth Taylor / Shelley Winters || |- |1952 || ''Something to Live For'' || MGM || Joan Fontaine / Ray Milland / || |- style=background:#efefef; |1953 || ''Shane'' || Paramount || Alan Ladd || Technicolor film |- |1956 || ''Giant'' || Warner Bros. || Elizabeth Taylor / Rock Hudson / James Dean || Warnercolor film |- style=background:#efefef; |1959 || ''The Diary of Anne Frank'' || 20th Century Fox || Millie Perkins / Joseph Schildkraut / Shelley Winters || |- |1965 || ''The Greatest Story Ever Told'' || George Stevens Prod. || Max von Sydow || Ultra Panavision 70 Technicolor film |- style=background:#efefef; |1970 || ''The Only Game in Town'' || 20th Century Fox || Elizabeth Taylor / Warren Beatty || Color film |}

Academy Awards

Year	Award !! Film !! Result
			Sidney Franklin (director)
rowspan=2
rowspan=2		rowspan=2
rowspan=3		rowspan=2	[[Buddy Adler – ''From Here to Eternity''
	Fred Zinnemann – ''From Here to Eternity''
rowspan=2		rowspan=2
rowspan=2		rowspan=2	Sam Zimbalist – ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)

Directed Academy Award performances

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Performer ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Result |- |colspan="4" align="center" |Academy Award for Best Actor |- | 1941 | Cary Grant | ''Penny Serenade'' | |- | 1951 | Montgomery Clift | ''A Place in the Sun'' | |- | 1956 | James Dean | ''Giant'' | |- | 1956 | Rock Hudson | ''Giant'' | |- |colspan="8" align="center" |Academy Award for Best Actress |- | 1935 | Katharine Hepburn | ''Alice Adams'' | |- | 1942 | Katharine Hepburn | ''Woman of the Year'' | |- | 1943 | Jean Arthur | ''The More the Merrier'' | |- | 1948 | Irene Dunne | ''I Remember Mama'' | |- | 1951 | Shelley Winters | ''A Place in the Sun'' | |- |colspan="8" align="center" |Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor |- | 1943 | Charles Coburn | ''The More the Merrier'' | |- | 1948 | Oskar Homolka | ''I Remember Mama'' | |- | 1953 | Brandon De Wilde | ''Shane'' | |- | 1953 | Jack Palance | ''Shane'' | |- | 1959 | Ed Wynn | ''The Diary of Anne Frank'' | |- |colspan="8" align="center" |Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress |- | 1948 | Barbara Bel Geddes | ''I Remember Mama'' | |- | 1948 | Ellen Corby | ''I Remember Mama'' | |- | 1956 | Mercedes McCambridge | ''Giant'' | |- | 1959 | Shelley Winters | ''The Diary of Anne Frank'' | |- |}

Academy Awards in George Stevens Films

! Year !! Film !! Academy Award Nominations !! Academy Award Wins
		2	0
		2	1
rowspan=2		1	0
	2	1
	''Vivacious Lady''	2	0
		1	0
	''Penny Serenade''	1	0
rowspan=2	''Woman of the Year''	2	1
	7	0
	''The More the Merrier''	6	1
	''I Remember Mama''	5	0
		9	6
		6	1
		10	1
		8	3
	''The Greatest Story Ever Told''	5	0

Notes

Bibliography

Cronin, Paul: ''George Stevens: Interviews''. Jackson, MI, University Press of Mississippi, 2004. ISBN 1-57806-639-5

Moss, Marilyn Ann: ''Giant: George Stevens, a Life on Film''. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin Press, 2004. ISBN 0-299-20430-8

Petri, Bruce: ''A Theory of American Film: The Films and Techniques of George Stevens''. New York, Taylor & Francis, 1987. ISBN 0-82400-070-6

Richie, Donald: ''George Stevens: An American Romantic''. New York, Taylor & Francis, 1984 (reprint of 1970 original). ISBN 0-82405-773-2

External links

George Stevens: Movie Movie

Category:1904 births Category:1975 deaths Category:American film directors Category:Best Director Academy Award winners Category:Presidents of the Directors Guild of America Category:Presidents of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Category:People from Oakland, California Category:Western (genre) film directors Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Stevens, George World War II Footage Category:American cinematographers Category:American screenwriters Category:American film producers

ca:George Stevens cs:George Stevens da:George Stevens de:George Stevens el:Τζορτζ Στίβενς es:George Stevens fr:George Stevens hr:George Stevens id:George Stevens it:George Stevens he:ג'ורג' סטיבנס nl:George Stevens ja:ジョージ・スティーヴンス no:George Stevens pl:George Stevens pt:George Stevens ru:Стивенс, Джордж fi:George Stevens sv:George Stevens tr:George Stevens uk:Джордж Стівенс

Coordinates	4°17′53″N117°52′59″N
name	André Rieu
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	André Léon Marie Nicolas Rieu
birth date	October 01, 1949
origin	Maastricht, Holland
instrument	Violin
genre	Waltz
occupation	Conductor, violinist
years active	1978–present
label	Denon Records , Philips
website	www.andrerieu.com
notable instruments	Stradivarius violin (1667) }}

André Léon Marie Nicolas Rieu (born 1 October 1949) is a Dutch violinist, conductor, and composer best known for creating the waltz-playing Johann Strauss Orchestra.

Early life and studies

André Rieu was born into a Christian musical family, on 1 October 1949 in Maastricht in Holland. The name Rieu is of French Huguenot origin. He began studying violin at the age of five. His father, of the same name, was conductor of the Maastricht Symphony Orchestra. From a very young age he developed a fascination with orchestra. He studied violin at the Conservatoire Royal in Liège and at the Conservatorium Maastricht, (1968–1973). His teachers included Jo Juda and Herman Krebbers. From 1974 to 1977, he attended the Music Academy in Brussels, studying with André Gertler, getting his degree "Premier Prix" from the Brussels Royal Conservatory.

Career

At University he performed the ''Gold And Silver Waltz'' by Franz Lehár. Encouraged by the audience reaction he decided to pursue the waltz form. Rieu formed the Maastricht Salon Orchestra and performed as a violinist with the Limburg Symphony Orchestra. In 1987, he created the Johann Strauss Orchestra and his own production company. Since then, his melodramatic stage performances and rock-star demeanor have for some been associated with a revival of the waltz music category. André Rieu plays a 1667 Stradivarius violin.

In April 2009 (Australia)/June 2009 (UK), he made a cameo appearance as himself on "Ramsay Street" in the long-running Australian soap opera ''Neighbours''.

Johann Strauss Orchestra

The Orchestra began in 1987 with 12 members but now performs with between 40 and 50 musicians. At the time the Orchestra first toured Europe, there emerged a renewed interest in waltz music. The revival began in the Netherlands and was ignited by their recording of the ''Second Waltz'' from Shostakovich's ''Jazz Suites''. As a result, Rieu became known as the waltz King.

Rieu and his orchestra have performed throughout Europe, in North America, and Japan. Winning a number of awards including two World Music Awards, their recordings have gone gold and platinum in many countries, including 8-times Platinum in the Netherlands. In September 2007 Rieu performed in Australia for the first time solo, without his Orchestra at the Eastland shopping centre in the Melbourne suburb of Ringwood playing "My Way" and "Waltzing Matilda"—and the next day appeared at Sydney's Arena Cove, Warringah Mashopping with the same set. Rieu and orchestra returned to Australia in November as part of his world tour. Rieu and his orchestra played 3 concerts at Melbourne's Telstra Dome from 13–15 November and continued their tour throughout Perth, Sydney, Brisbane and Adelaide, through to December 2008. The concert theme is 'A Romantic Vienna Night' and the set comprises a life-size reproduction of the Viennese imperial Schönbrunn Palace, complete with 2 ice-skating rinks, 2 Fountains, and a ballroom dance floor situated above and behind the Orchestra. Rieu's largest concert attendance to date in Australia was 38,000 on Saturday 15 November in Melbourne. The Perth concert did not feature the replica of the Viennese Palace as it was stated in the press because it would not fit into the front doors of Subiaco Oval.

He records both DVD and CD repertoire at his own recording studios in Maastricht in a wide range of classical music as well as popular and folk music plus music from well-known soundtracks and musical theatre. His lively orchestral presentations, in tandem with incessant marketing, have attracted worldwide audiences to this subgenre of classical music.

Some of his orchestra's performances have been broadcast in the United Kingdom and the United States on the PBS television network such as the 2003 airing of ''Andre Rieu Live in Dublin'', filmed in Dublin, Ireland, and 2005's ''André Rieu Live in Tuscany'' filmed in the Piazza Della Repubblica in the village of Cortona in Tuscany.

Reception

Rieu's recorded music and live performances have been a cause of controversy in the music and popular press. He has attracted criticism from the artistic director of the Australian Chamber Orchestra, Richard Tognetti, who called Rieu's music Schlagermusik, among other things.

Eamon Kelly writing in ''The Australian'' newspaper, in an article that discusses the controversy that Rieu engenders, said: "He depicts his critics as members of a stuffy musical elite with narrow aesthetic tastes, yet regularly demeans in interviews music that is not to his taste and classical musicians who choose not to perform in his manner."

Of Rieu's popularity and the debate in the media over criticism of him, Eamon Kelly says:

It is disappointing to see professional journalists indulging in cheap, inaccurate stereotypes to dismiss criticism of Rieu.

But he goes on to add:

Equally misguided are those who cursorily dismiss Rieu. Rieu's live and recorded performances have brought joy to millions of people. Few in his audiences are regular classical music attendees and it could be seen as promising that, via Rieu, they are listening to standards of the classical canon. The fact that Rieu's focus is on highly accessible, enjoyable repertoire is not an argument against his musical credentials.

Eamon Kelly further adds, after hearing the orchestra perform, that there is "no cause" for Rieu's boast his orchestra was "superior to the many other orchestras that specialise in ... Viennese and popular classical repertoire." Additionally, he found that in musical terms "the performance did not surpass playing standards in Australia's major symphony orchestras". He did add that the "oboist, Arthur Cordewener, provided the most impressive musical performance with a sublime introduction to an otherwise unremarkable performance of [Ravel's] ''Boléro''."

David Templeton, writing in the magazine ''All Things Strings'' says:

Ironically, it is Rieu’s own success that has earned him a horse-drawn carriage full of criticism, a pot-shot laden backlash aimed chiefly at the calculated emotionalism and theatrical flourishes of his performances, which, according to many, only cheapen the classical-music experience. Classical radio stations avoid his music as they might avoid a leper in the mall, though—let’s just say it plain and clear—Rieu is a superb violinist.

Chris Boyd, a critic writing for Melbourne's ''Herald Sun'' newspaper, finds that he could not give a general criticism of the playing of Rieu, as, except for "a clean and lyrical solo in ''Waltzing Matilda''", his main stage function was apparently "blarney and delegation". However, Boyd also comments that the quality of the artists that Rieu works with is "extraordinary". Boyd assesses the low points of the concert as the "Three Tenors-style" rendition of "Nessun dorma" which he finds was an "abomination", while saying the concert's highlights included "a sugar-shock sweet rendition" of "O mio babbino caro" as well as Strauss's ''Emperor Waltz'' and ''Blue Danube'', Clarke's ''Trumpet Voluntary'' and the ''Boléro''.

Personal life

He is married to Marjorie, who works with him full-time as production manager, and has two sons, Marc and Pierre. He speaks (in order of fluency) Dutch, English, German, French, Italian and Spanish.

Honours

Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion (Netherlands, 2002)

Honorary Medal of the Province of Limburg (Netherlands, 2009)

Knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (France, 2009)

== Selected discography ==

''Moonlight Serenade'' (2011) – Australian Albums: No.17

''You Raise Me Up – Songs for Mum'' (2010) – Australian Albums: No.8

''Forever Vienna'' (2009) – UK: #2, IRE: No.4

''The Best of André Rieu'' (2009) – Australian Albums: No.23

''Masterpieces'' (2009) – Australian Albums: No.9

''You'll Never Walk Alone'' (2009) – Australian Albums: No.2

''Live in Australia'' (2008) – Australian Albums: No.14

''Waltzing Matilda'' (2008) – Australian Albums: No.1

''The 100 Most Beautiful Melodies'' (2008) – Australian Albums: No.2

''Live in Dresden: The Wedding at the Opera'' (2008)

''In Wonderland'' (2007)

''Live in Vienna'' (2007)

''Auf Schönbrunn'' (2006)

''New York Memories'' (2006)

''Songs from My Heart'' (2005)

''Christmas Around the World'' (2005)

''Live in Tuscany'' (2004)

''The Flying Dutchman'' (2004)

''New Year's Eve in Vienna'' (2003)

''André Rieu at the Movies'' (2003)

''Live in Dublin'' (2003)

''Romantic Paradise'' (2003)

''Maastricht Salon Orkest – Serenata'' (2003)

''Love Around the World'' (2002)

''Dreaming'' (2002)

''Live at the Royal Albert Hall'' (2001)

''Musik Zum Träumen'' (2001)

''La Vie Est Belle'' (2000)

''Fiesta!'' (1999)

''100 Years of Strauss'' (1999)

''Romantic Moments'' (1998)

''Waltzes'' (1998, re-edited in November 1999)

''The Christmas I Love'' (1997)

''The Vienna I Love'' (1997)

''In Concert'' (1996)

''Strauss gala'' (1995)

''D'n blauwen aovond'' (1995)

''Hieringe biete 1 & 2'' (1995)

''Strauss & Co'' (1994)

''Hieringe biete'' (1993)

''Merry Christmas'' (1992)

''Romeo and Juliet Love Theme''

References

External links

André Rieu (official website)

Official André Rieu Facebook page

André Rieu on Twitter

Official André Rieu YouTube Channel

André Rieu's Official Australian website

André Rieu (C Music TV Biography)

The Magic of Andre Rieu

Category:1949 births Category:Living people Category:Dutch classical violinists Category:Dutch conductors (music) Category:Maastricht Academy of Music alumni Category:People from Maastricht Category:People of Huguenot descent Category:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Category:Dutch people of French descent

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