The Estates of the realm were the broad social orders of the hierarchically conceived society, recognized in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period in Christian Europe; they are sometimes distinguished as the three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and commoners, and are often referred to by medieval ranking of importance (as the hierarchy was ordained by God) as the First, Second, and Third Estates respectively. In the scheme, God ordained the ministry, which was necessary to ordain the royalty and nobility, who settled privileges on the more prestigious commoners, or burghers (bourgeoisie) ; hence the frequent references to the peasantry of Europe as the Fourth Estate—albeit one which was believed to be powerless in the theories of the others.

"Medieval political speculation is imbued to the marrow with the idea of a structure of society based upon distinct orders," Johan Huizinga observes. The virtually synonymous terms ''estate'' and ''order'' designated a great variety of social realities, not at all limited to a class, Huizinga concluded, but applied to every social function, every trade, every recognizable grouping.

There are, first of all, the estates of the realm, but there are also the trades, the state of matrimony and that of virginity, the state of sin. At court there are the 'four estates of the body and mouth': bread-masters, cup-bearers, carvers, and cooks. In the Church there are sacerdotal orders and monastic orders. Finally there are the different orders of chivalry.

This static view of society was predicated on inherited positions. Commoners were universally considered the lowest order. The higher estates' necessary dependency on the commoners' production, however, often further divided the otherwise equal common people into burghers (also known as bourgeoisie) of the realm's cities and towns, and the peasants and serfs of the realm's surrounding lands and villages. A person's estate and position within it was usually inherited from the father and his occupation, and was similar to a caste within that system. In many regions and realms there also existed population groups born outside these specifically defined resident estates.

Legislative bodies or advisory bodies to a monarch were traditionally grouped along lines of these estates, with the monarch above all three estates. Meetings of the estates of the realm became early legislative and judicial parliaments. Monarchs often sought to legitimize their power by requiring oaths of fealty from the estates.

Background

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, numerous geographic and ethnic kingdoms developed among the endemic peoples of Europe, affecting their day-to-day secular lives; along with those, the growing influence of the Catholic Church and its Papacy affected the ethical, moral and religious lives and decisions of all. This led to mutual dependency between the secular and religious powers for guidance and protection, but over time and with the growing power of the kingdoms, competing secular realities increasingly diverged from religious idealism and Church decisions.

The new lords of the land identified themselves primarily as warriors, but because new technologies of warfare were expensive, and the fighting men required substantial material resources and considerable leisure to train, these needs had to be filled. The economic and political transformation of the countryside in the period were filled by a large growth in population, agricultural production, technological innovations and urban centers; movements of reform and renewal attempted to sharpen the distinction between clerical and lay status, and power, recognized by the Church also had their effect.

As a result of the Investiture Controversy of the late 11th and early 12th centuries, the powerful office of Holy Roman Emperor lost much of its religious character and retained a more nominal universal preeminence over other rulers, though it varied. The struggle over investiture and the reform movement also legitimized all secular authorities, partly on the grounds of their obligation to enforce discipline. In the 11th and 12th centuries thinkers argued that human society consisted of three orders: those who fight, those who pray, and those who labour. The structure of the second order, the clergy, was in place by 1200 and remained singly intact until the religious reformations of the 16th century. The very general category of those who labour (specifically, those who were not knightly warriors or nobles) diversified rapidly after the 11th century into the lively and energetic worlds of peasants, skilled artisans, merchants, financiers, lay professionals, and entrepreneurs, which together drove the European economy to its greatest achievements. The first order, those who fight, was the rank of the politically powerful, ambitious, and dangerous. Kings took pains to ensure that it did not resist their authority. By the 12th century, most European political thinkers agreed that monarchy was the ideal form of governance. This was because it imitated on earth the model set by God for the universe; it was the form of government of the ancient Hebrews and the Christian Biblical basis, the later Roman Empire, and also the peoples who succeeded Rome after the 4th century.

Estates in the Kingdom of France

France under the ''Ancien Régime'' (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners). The king was considered part of no estate.

First Estate

The First Estate comprised the entire clergy, traditionally divided into "higher" and "lower" clergy. Although there was no formal demarcation between the two categories, the upper clergy were, effectively, clerical nobility, from the families of the Second Estate. In the time of Louis XVI, every bishop in France was a nobleman, a situation that had not existed before the 18th century. At the other extreme, the "lower clergy" (about equally divided between parish priests and monks and nuns) constituted about 90 percent of the First Estate, which in 1789 numbered around 130,000 (about 0.5% of the population).

===Second Estate=== The Second Estate (Fr. ''deuxieme état'') was the French nobility and (technically, though not in common use) royalty, other than the monarch himself, who stood outside of the system of estates.

The Second Estate is traditionally divided into ''"noblesse de robe"'' ("nobility of the robe"), the magisterial class that administered royal justice and civil government, and ''"noblesse d'épée"'' ("nobility of the sword").

The Second Estate constituted approximately 1.5% of France's population. Under the ''ancien régime'', the Second Estate were exempt from the ''corvée royale'' (forced labour on the roads) and from most other forms of taxation such as the ''gabelle'' (salt tax) and most important, the ''taille'' (the oldest form of direct taxation). This exemption from paying taxes led to their reluctance to reform.

===Third Estate=== The Third Estate comprised all those not members of the above and can be divided into two groups, urban and rural. The urban included the bourgeoisie 8% of France's population, as well as wage-laborers (such as craftsmen). The rural had no wealth and yet were forced to pay disproportionately high taxes to the other Estates.

The French Estates General

''See main articles French Estates General, Estates General of 1789

The first Estates General (not to be confused with a "class of citizen") was actually a general citizen assembly that was called by Philip IV in 1302.

In the period leading up to the Estates General of 1789, France was in the grip of an unmanageable public debt and terrible inflation and widespread food scarcity. This led to widespread popular discontent and produced a group of third estate representatives pressing a comparatively radical set of reforms — much of it in alignment with the goals of finance minister Jacques Necker but very much against the wishes of Louis XVI's court and many of the hereditary nobles forming his second estate allies—at least allies against taking more taxes upon themselves and keeping the unequal taxation on the commoners.

When he couldn't get them to rubber-stamp his 'ideal program', Louis XVI sought to dissolve the estates general after they refused to accept his agenda, but the third estate held out for their right to representation. The lower clergy (and some nobles and upper clergy) eventually sided with the third estate, and the king was forced to yield.

By June when continued impasses lead to further deterioration in relations, the States-General was reconstituted first as the National Assembly (June 17, 1789) seeking an solution for the realm independent of the kings management of the meetings of the Estates General which occasionally continued to meet. These self-organized and managed separate meetings are today defined as the epoch event beginning the historical epoch (era) of French Revolution during which, after several further weeks of civil unrest the body assumed a new status as a revolutionary legislature, the National Constituent Assembly (July 9, 1789), a unitary body composed of the former representatives of the three estates stepping up to govern along with an emergency committee in the power vacuum existing after the Bourbon monarchy fled Paris.

The United Kingdom

Whilst the estates were never formulated in a way which prevented social mobility, the English (subsequently the British) parliament was long based along the classic estate lines being composed on the "Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons". The tradition where the Lords Spiritual and Temporal sat separately from the Commons began during the reign of Edward III in the 14th century.

Scotland

The members of the parliament of Scotland were collectively referred to as the Three Estates (Older Scots: Thre Estaitis), also known as the community of the realm, and until 1690 composed of:

the first estate of prelates (bishops and abbots)

the second estate of lairds (dukes, earls, parliamentary peers (after 1437) and lay tenants-in-chief)

the third estate of burgh commissioners (representatives chosen by the royal burghs)

The First Estate was overthrown during the Glorious Revolution and the accession of William II. The Second Estate was then split into two to retain the division into three.

A ''Shire Commissioner'' was the closest equivalent of the English office of ''Member of Parliament'', namely a commoner or member of the lower nobility. Because the parliament of Scotland was unicameral, all members sat in the same chamber, as opposed to the separate English House of Lords and House of Commons.

The Parliament also had University constituencies (see Ancient universities of Scotland). The system was also adopted by the Parliament of England when James VI ascended to the English throne. It was believed that the universities were affected by the decisions of Parliament and ought therefore to have representation in it. This continued in the Parliament of Great Britain after 1707 and the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1950.

:

In Sweden and Finland

The Estates in Sweden (including Finland) and later also the Finland were the two higher estates nobility, clergy and the two lower estates burghers and land-owning peasants. Each were free men, and had specific rights and responsibilities, and the right to send representatives to the governing assembly, the Riksdag of the Estates in Sweden and Diet of Finland (after being conquered by Russia in 1809), respectively. Also, there was a population outside the estates; unlike in other areas, people had no "default" estate, and were not peasants unless they came from a land-owner's family. A summary of this division is:

Nobility (see Finnish nobility and Swedish nobility) was exempt from tax, had an inherited rank and the right to keep a fief, and had a tradition of military service and government. Nobility was established in 1279 with the Swedish king granted tax-free status (''frälse'') to peasants who could equip a cavalryman (or be one themselves) in the king's army. Initially, exemption from tax was not inherited, but it became hereditary in 1544. Following Axel Oxenstierna's reform, government positions were open only to nobles. However, the nobility still owned only their own property, not the peasants or their land as in much of Europe. Heads of the noble houses were hereditary members of the assembly of nobles. The Nobility is divided into titled nobility (counts and barons) and lower nobility. Until the 18th century the lower nobility was in turn was divided into Knights and Esquires such that each of the three classes would first vote internally, giving one vote per class in the assembly. This resulted in great political influence for the higher nobility.

Clergy, or priests, were exempt from tax, and collected tithes for the church. After the Reformation, the church became Lutheran. In later centuries, the estate included teachers of universities and certain state schools. The estate was governed by the state church which consecrated its ministers and appointed them to positions with a vote in choosing diet representatives.

Burghers are city-dwellers, tradesmen and craftsmen. Trade was allowed only in the cities when the mercantilistic ideology had got the upper hand, and the burghers had the exclusive right to conduct commerce. Entry to this Estate is controlled by the autonomy of the towns themselves. Peasants were allowed to sell their produce within the city limits, but any further trade, particularly foreign trade, was allowed only for burghers. In order for a settlement to become a city, a royal charter granting market right was required, and foreign trade required royally chartered staple port rights. After the annexation of Finland into Imperial Russia in 1809, mill-owners and other proto-industrialists would gradually be included in this estate.

Peasants are land-owners of land-taxed farms and their families, which represented the majority in medieval times. Since most of the population were independent farmer families until 19th century, not serfs nor villeins, there is a remarkable difference in tradition compared to other European countries. Entry was controlled by ownership of farmland, which was not generally for sale but a hereditary property. After 1809, tenants renting a large enough farm (ten times larger than what was required of peasants owning their own farm) were included as well as non-nobility owning tax-exempt land.

To no estate belonged propertyless cottagers, villeins, tenants of farms owned by others, farmhands, servants, some lower administrative workers, rural craftsmen, travelling salesmen, vagrants, and propertyless and unemployed people (who sometimes lived in strangers' houses). To reflect how the people belonging to the estates saw them, the Finnish word for "obscene", ''säädytön'', has the literal meaning "estateless".

In Sweden, the Riksdag of the Estates existed until it was replaced with a bicameral Riksdag in 1866, which gave political rights to anyone with a certain income or property. Nevertheless, many of the leading politicians of the 19th century continued to be drawn from the old estates, in that they were either noblemen themselves, or represented agricultural and urban interests. Ennoblements continued even after the estates had lost their political importance, with the last ennoblement of explorer Sven Hedin taking place in 1902; this practice was formally abolished with the adoption of the new Constitution January 1, 1975, while the status of the House of Nobility continued to be regulated in law until 2003.

In Finland, this legal division existed until the modern age. However, at the start of the 20th century, most of the population did not belong to any Estate and had no political representation. A particularly large class were the rent farmers, who did not own the land they cultivated, but had to work in the land-owner's farm to pay their rent (unlike Russia, there were no slaves or serfs.) Furthermore, the industrial workers living in the city were not represented by the four-estate system. The political system was reformed, and the last Diet was dissolved in 1905, to create the modern parliamentary system, ending the political privileges of the estates. The constitution of 1919 forbade giving new noble ranks, and all tax privileges were abolished in 1920. The privileges of the estates were officially and finally abolished in 1995, although in legal practice, the privileges had long been unenforceable. However, the nobility has never been officially abolished and records of nobility are still voluntarily maintained by the Finnish House of Nobility.

Nevertheless, the old traditions and in particular ownership of property changed slowly, and the rent-farmer problem became so severe that it was a major cause to the Finnish Civil War. Although the division became irrelevant following the establishment of a parliamentary democracy and political parties, industrialization and urbanization, it might be possible to claim that their traditions live on in the political parties of Sweden and Finland, in the sense that there are parties that have traditionally represented upper-class and business interests (Moderate Party and Coalition Party) and farmers (the Centre Parties of Sweden and Finland).

In Finland, it is still illegal and punishable by jail time (up to one year) to defraud into marriage by declaring a false name or estate (Rikoslaki 18 luku § 1/Strafflagen 18 kap. § 1).

In the Netherlands

The Netherlands, which until the late sixteenth century consisted of several counties, prince bishoprics, duchies etc. in the area that is now modern Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, had no States General until 1464, when Duke Philip of Burgundy assembled the first States General in Bruges. Later in the 15th and 16th centuries Brussels became the place where the States General assembled. On these occasions deputies from the states of the various provinces (as the counties, prince-bishoprics and duchies were called) asked for more liberties. For this reason, the States General were not assembled very often.

As a consequence of the Union of Utrecht in 1579 and the events that followed afterwards, the States General declared that they no longer obeyed King Philip II of Spain, who was also Lord of the Netherlands. After the conquest of the southern part of the Netherlands (i.e. Belgium and Luxemburg), the States General first assembled permanently in Middelburg, and in The Hague from 1585 onwards. Without a king to rule the country, the States General became head of state. It was the government were all things were dealt with that were of concern to all the seven provinces that became part of the Republic of the United Netherlands.

During that time the States General were formed by members of the States (i.e. provincial parliaments) of the seven provinces. In each State sat representatives of the nobility, the peasantry, and the cities.

As government, the States General were abolished in 1795. A new parliament was created, called National Assembly (Nationale Vergadering). It no longer consisted of members of representatives of the states: all men were considered equal under the 1798 Constitition. Eventually, the Netherlands became part of the French Empire under Napoleon (1811: La Hollande est reunie à l'Empire).

After regaining independence in November 1813, the States General were invested once again in 1814 and consisted of members of the states, who were invested once again. In 1815, when the Netherlands were united with Belgium and Luxemburg, the States General were divided into two chambers: the First Chamber and the Second Chamber. The members of the First Chamber were elected by the King, while the members of the Second Chamber were elected by the members of the provincial parliaments (which were once again called Provincial States). The States General resided in The Hague and Brussels until 1830, when, as a result of Belgium's independence, The Hague became once again the sole residence of the States General.

In 1848, it was decided that the States General no longer consist of members of the states as they were abolished once again. From then on, the Constitution declares that members of the Second Chamber are elected by the people (in first instance only a limited portion of the male population, universal suffrage exists since 1919), while the members of the First chambers are chosen by the members of the Provincial parliaments (confusingly still called Provincial States). As a result the Second Chamber became the most important. The First Chamber is also called Senate. This however, is not a term used in the Constitution.

Occasionally the First and Second Chamber meet in a United Assembly, for instance on Prinsjesdag, the annual opening of the parliamentary year, and when a new king is invested.

In the Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire had the Imperial Diet (''Reichstag''). The clergy was represented by the independent prince-bishops, prince-archbishops and prince-abbots of the many monasteries. The nobility consisted of independent aristocratic rulers: secular prince-electors, kings, dukes, margraves, counts and others. Burghers consisted of representatives of the independent imperial cities. Many peoples whose territories within the Holy Roman Empire had been independent for centuries had no representatives in the Imperial Diet, and this included the Imperial Knights and independent villages. The power of the Imperial Diet was limited, despite efforts of centralization.

Large realms of the nobility or clergy had estates of their own that could wield great power in local affairs. Power struggles between ruler and estates were comparable to similar events in the history of the British and French parliaments.

The Swabian League, a significant regional power in its part of Germany during the 15th Century, also had its own kind of Estates, a governing Federal Council comprising three Colleges: those of Princes, Cities, and Knights.

In the Russian Empire

In late Russian Empire the estates were called ''sosloviyes''. The four major estates were: nobility (''dvoryanstvo''), clergy, rural dwellers, and urban dwellers, with a more detailed stratification therein. The division in estates was of mixed nature: traditional, occupational, as well as formal: for example, voting in Duma was carried out by estates. Russian Empire Census recorded the reported estate of a person.

In Catalonia

The Parliament of Catalonia (''Corts Catalanes'') was established in 1283, according to American historian Thomas Bisson, and it has been considered by several historians as a model of medieval parliament. For instance, English historian of constitutionalism Charles Howard McIlwain wrote that the Parliament of Catalonia, during the 14th century, had a more defined organization and met more regularly than the parliaments of England or France.

The roots of the parliament institution in Catalonia are in the Sanctuary and Truce Assemblies (''assemblees de pau i treva'') that started in the 11th century. The members of the parliament of Catalonia were organized in the Three Estates (Catalan: ''Tres Braços''):

the "military estate" (''braç militar'') with representatives of the feudal nobility

the "ecclesiastical estate" (''braç eclesiàstic'') with representatives of the religious hierarchy

the "royal estate" (''braç reial'') with representatives of the free municipalities under royal privilege

The parliament institution was abolished in 1716, together with the rest of institutions of Catalonia, after the War of the Spanish Succession.

See also

''Ane Pleasant Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis''

What Is the Third Estate?

Communalism before 1800

Fifth Estate

Fourth Estate

Social class

The States

Third World (coined by demograph Alfred Sauvy in 1952 in reference to the French Third Estate and Sieyès' famous saying)

''The Canterbury Tales'' (the division of society into three estates is one of the key themes)

Caste

Notes

References

Steven Kreis lecture on "The Origins of the French Revolution"

Notes on France and the Old Regime

Jackson J. Spielvogel, ''Western Civilization'', West Publishing Co. Minneapolis, 1994 for the English-language version of the quote from Abbé Sieyès, quoted at http://www.magnesium.net/~locutus/work/eurohist2.htm.

http://vdaucourt.free.fr/Mothisto/Sieyes2/Sieyes2.htm for French-language original of this quotation.

Michael P. Fitzsimmons, ''The Night the Old Regime Ended: August 4, 1789 and the French Revolution'', Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-271-02233-7, quoted and paraphrased at http://www3.uakron.edu/hfrance/reviews/crubaugh.html.

Category:Constitutional law Category:Religion and politics Category:Medieval France Category:Political history of the Ancien Régime Category:Social groups Category:Social divisions

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Coordinates	40°26′30″N80°00′00″N
Name	Aaron Rodgers
Width	280px
Currentteam	Green Bay Packers
Currentnumber	12
Currentpositionplain	Quarterback
Birth date	December 02, 1983
Birth place	Chico, California
Heightft	6
Heightin	2
Weight	220
Debutyear	2005
Debutteam	Green Bay Packers
Highlights	Pro Bowl selection (2009) Super Bowl champion (XLV) Super Bowl MVP (XLV) FedEx Air NFL Player of the Year, 2010 Only player in NFL history to have 4,000 passing yards in each of his first two starting seasons 2004 First-team All-Pac-10
College	California
Draftyear	2005
Draftround	1
Draftpick	24
Pastteams	Green Bay Packers (–present)
Statweek	17
Statseason	2010
Statlabel1	Pass attempts
Statvalue1	1,611
Statlabel2	Pass completions
Statvalue2	1,038
Statlabel3	Percentage
Statvalue3	64.4
Statlabel4	TD–INT
Statvalue4	87–32
Statlabel5	Passing yards
Statvalue5	12,723
Statlabel6	QB Rating
Statvalue6	98.4
Nfl	ROD339293 }}

Aaron Charles Rodgers (born December 2, 1983) is an American football quarterback for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Rodgers was selected in the first round (24th overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft by the Packers. Rodgers played college football while attending the University of California, Berkeley, where he set several California Golden Bears records, including lowest interception rate at 1.43%.

Professionally, Rodgers is the NFL's all-time career leader in passer rating during both the regular season (98.4), and in the post-season (112.6) – among passers with at least 1,500 and 150 pass attempts respectively. He also owns the league's lowest career pass interception percentage for quarterbacks during the regular season (1.99%).

Early years

Rodgers was born in Chico in Butte County, California. He attended Vose Elementary School and Whitford Middle School in Beaverton, Oregon, playing baseball in the Raleigh Hills Little League at the positions of shortstop, center field and pitcher. He returned to Chico in 1997 and attended Pleasant Valley High School, starting for two years at quarterback and garnering 4,421 passing yards. He set single-game records of 6 touchdowns and 440 all-purpose yards. Rodgers also set a single-season record with 2,466 total yards in 2001 and graduated in the spring of 2002.

College career

2002

Despite his record-setting statistics, Rodgers, at 5'10" and 165 pounds as a senior, both undersized for Division I quarterbacks, garnered little interest from programs with only one offer, a walk-on from Illinois. He declined the invitation, and considered quitting football and studying to become a lawyer. He was then recruited to play football at a local junior college,Butte Community College in Oroville, about 15 miles (25 km) southeast of Chico. In his freshman season, he threw 28 touchdowns while leading Butte to a 10–1 record, a NorCal Conference championship, and a No. 2 national ranking. While there, Rodgers was discovered by the Bears head coach Jeff Tedford, who was recruiting Butte tight end Garrett Cross. Tedford was very suprised Rodgers had not been recruited highly. Because he had a 3.6 grade point average and SAT score of 1300 out of high school, Rodgers was eligible to transfer after one year of junior college instead of the typical two.

2003

As a junior college transfer, Rodgers had three years of eligibility at Cal. He was named the starting quarterback in the fifth game of the 2003 season, coincidentally against the only team that offered him a Division I opportunity out of high school, Illinois. As a sophomore, he helped lead the Golden Bears to a 7–3 record as a starter. Against the then-No. 3 ranked USC in his second career start, Rodgers led the team to a 21–7 halftime lead before being replaced due to injury in the second half by Reggie Robertson. The Bears won in triple overtime, 34–31. Rodgers passed for 394 yards and was named game MVP in the Insight Bowl against Virginia Tech. In 2003, Rodgers tied the school season record for 300-yard games with 5 and set a school record for lowest percentage of passes intercepted at 1.43%.

2004

As a junior, Rodgers led Cal to a 10–1 record and top-five ranking at the end of the regular season, with their only loss coming in a closely contested and well-played game at #1 USC, 17–23. In that game, Rodgers set a school record for consecutive completed passes with 26 and tied an NCAA record with 23 consecutive passes completed in one game. Rodgers set a school single game record for passing completion, completing 85.3% of his passes in that game. Rodgers also holds the school career record for lowest percentage of passes intercepted at 1.95%. Despite these records, the Bears had 1st and goal with 1:47 remaining and could not score a winning touchdown. The game-ending sequence included three incomplete passes and a sack by USC.

After Texas was picked over Cal for a Rose Bowl berth, the fourth-ranked Bears earned a spot in the Holiday Bowl, but lost to Texas Tech, 45–31. After the season, Rodgers decided to forego his senior season (without a redshirt) to enter the 2005 NFL Draft.

College career statistics

! style="width:4%;" 215 California Golden Bears football 424

colSpan="2"	Passing !! colSpan="4"								Rushing
Year !! style="width:4%;"|Team !! style="width:4%;"	Att !! style="width:4%;"| Pct !! style="width:4%;"| Yds !! style="width:4%;"| YPA !! style="width:4%;"| Td !! style="width:4%;"| Int !! style="width:4%;"| Rate !! style="width:4%;"| Att !! style="width:4%;"| Yds !! style="width:4%;"| Avg !! style="width:4%;"| Td
2003	California Golden Bears football>Cal	|	349	61.6	2903	8.3	19	5	146.58	86	210	2.4	5
2004	Cal ||	209	316	66.1	2566	8.1	24	8	154.35	74	126	1.7	3
colspan=2>Totals	|	665	63.8	5469	8.2	43	13	150.27	160	336	2.10	8

College awards and honors

2003 Honorable mention All-Pac-10

2003 Insight Bowl Offensive MVP

2004 Cal Co-Offensive MVP 2004 First-team All-Pac-10 2004 Second-team Academic All-Pac-10 2004 Honorable mention All-American by ''Sports Illustrated''

Professional career

Green Bay Packers

Backup seasons (2005–2007)

Rodgers was expected to be selected early in the 2005 NFL Draft as he had posted impressive numbers as a junior with Cal, throwing for 2,320 yards with a 67.5 completion rating. He had tied an NCAA record when he completed 23 consecutive passes against the eventual national champions, USC. He threw for 24 touchdowns and only 8 interceptions in his last college season, impressing many NFL scouts. Rodgers' slip to the 24th choice became one of the biggest stories of the draft, though he was still the second quarterback selected. The San Francisco 49ers, who held the first overall pick, were not interested in Rodgers as then-49ers head coach Mike Nolan, a strong personality, did not believe that Rodgers' attitude could co-exist with him. The 49ers would select quarterback Alex Smith. In addition to the fact that many teams drafting between second and 23rd positions had positional needs more pressing than quarterback, Rodgers' moderate height (6'2") may have contributed to his precipitous slide. Rodgers is one of six quarterbacks coached by Jeff Tedford to be drafted in the first round, joining Akili Smith, Trent Dilfer, Joey Harrington, and Kyle Boller.

In August 2005 at age 21, Rodgers agreed to a reported five-year, $7.7 million deal that included $5.4 million in guaranteed money and had the potential to pay him as much as $24.5 million if all incentives and escalators were met.

Rodgers spent a disappointing 4–12 2005 season as the Packers' back-up quarterback behind Brett Favre. Rodgers had little playing time during the year, but played in a win against the New Orleans Saints and in a loss to the Baltimore Ravens.

When Favre decided to continue his career into the 2006 season, Rodgers was forced to continue in his role as the second quarterback on the depth chart.

On November 19, 2006, Rodgers broke his left foot against the New England Patriots in a 35–0 defeat at home while filling in for an injured Brett Favre and missed the remainder of the 2006 season. Rodgers made a full recovery and was ready for the start of the 2007 season.

Weeks after an emotional interview with NBC's Andrea Kramer following the team's season-ending victory at Chicago, Favre announced he would stay with the Packers for the 2007 season, again postponing Rodgers' hopes of becoming the Green Bay Packers' starting quarterback. Prior to the 2007 season, rumors surfaced about a potential trade involving Rodgers in which he would be traded to the Oakland Raiders for wide receiver Randy Moss. However, Moss was traded to the New England Patriots during the second day of the 2007 NFL Draft, and Rodgers stayed in Green Bay.

Rodgers stepped in when Favre was injured in the second quarter against the Dallas Cowboys on Thursday Night Football on November 29, 2007. Rodgers completed 18 passes for 201 yards, with no interceptions. He also threw his first touchdown pass but was sacked three times. Rodgers brought the team back from a 17 point deficit to a 3 point deficit, but the Cowboys went on to win 37–27.

Starting seasons

2008

Brett Favre's retirement announcement on March 4, 2008, opened up the Packers' starting quarterback position to Rodgers for the 2008 season. Although Favre decided to return from retirement, he was traded to the New York Jets, meaning Rodgers would remain the starter.

With Rodgers making his debut as a starter, the Packers beat the Minnesota Vikings 24–19 at Lambeau Field. This marked the first time since 1992 that a quarterback other than Favre started a regular season game for the Packers. Rodgers ended the game with 178 yards passing and 2 touchdowns (1 passing/1 rushing). In just his second NFL start the following week, Rodgers was voted the FedEx Air award winner after passing for 328 yards and three touchdowns in a win against the Detroit Lions. During the fourth week of the season, Rodgers streak of 157 consecutive pass attempts without an interception ended when he was intercepted by Derrick Brooks of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The streak was the third longest in franchise history behind Bart Starr (294) and Brett Favre (163). Rodgers suffered a severe shoulder sprain in the game but continued to start and played well in a win against the Seattle Seahawks two weeks later, which to many proved his toughness. Despite early successes, Rodgers had been unable to win a close game during the season despite seven opportunities to do so. On October 31, 2008, Rodgers signed a six year, $65 million contract extension through the 2014 season.

2009

For the opening game of the 2009 season, Rodgers recorded his first win in a comeback situation. The Packers were trailing at the beginning of the 4th quarter when Rodgers completed a fifty yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Greg Jennings with about a minute remaining in the game to contribute to the 21–15 victory over the Chicago Bears. Rodgers was named National Football Conference (NFC) Offensive Player of the Month for October 2009, when he passed for 988 yards, completed 74.5 percent of his passes, and recorded a passer rating over 110 for all three games played during the month. After a mediocre 4–4 start to the season and a devastating loss to the previously winless Tampa Bay Buccaneers, the team began to heat up. Rodgers led the Packers to five straight wins, in which he threw for a total of 1,324 yards, 9 touchdowns and only 2 interceptions. Rodgers and the Packers won two of their last three games, finishing the second half of the season with a 7–1 record and an overall 11–5 record; good enough to secure a wild card playoff berth and clinch the fifth seed in the playoffs. Rodgers also made the record books, becoming the first quarterback in NFL history ever to throw for 4,000 yards in both of his first two years as a starter. His passing yardage made him second all-time in Packers history, behind only Lynn Dickey's all-time single-season record.

In his first action as a starter in the playoffs against the Arizona Cardinals, Rodgers's first pass was intercepted by Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie. Rodgers settled down after that miscue, however, and finished the game 28 of 42 for 422 yards with four touchdowns. Despite Rodger's offensive efforts, the Packers lost the game when he fumbled on the last play of the game in overtime. The ball was returned by Karlos Dansby for the winning touchdown in the 51–45 Cardinals victory. It was the highest scoring playoff game in NFL history.

Due to his regular season performance, Rodgers earned a trip to his first Pro Bowl as the NFC's third Quarterback behind Drew Brees and Brett Favre. However, after Favre dropped out due to injury and Brees was replaced due to his participation in Super Bowl XLIV, Rodgers became the NFC's starter for the game. He finished the day 15 of 19 passing with 197 yards and two touchdowns, despite the NFC losing the game.

2010

After leading his team to a 2–0 start in 2010, the Packers lost three of their next four games including back-to-back overtime losses. The two overtime defeats brought Rodgers' record in overtime games to 0–5. During Week 12 against the Atlanta Falcons, Rodgers threw 35 passing attempts, putting him at 1,505 for his career – making him eligible for all official NFL quarterback records as recognized by the NFL. In Week 14 of the season, Rodgers sustained his second concussion of the season. Backup Matt Flynn was put into the game as Rodgers' replacement. The Packers lost the game 7–3 to the Detroit Lions. It was the Lions first division win since 2007, snapping a 19-game losing streak against division rivals. Rodgers missed the next week's regular season start ending his streak of consecutive starts at 45, which is tied for the second longest in team history. However, Rodgers turned around the team's performance, winning the final two regular season games against the New York Giants and Chicago Bears, both de-facto playoff elimination games.

With a 10–6 record, the Packers entered the NFL playoffs as the #6 seed Wild Card. During the playoffs, Rodgers led the Packers past the top three seeds in the NFC on the road in consecutive weeks. In the Wild Card round, they defeated the #3 seeded Philadelphia Eagles 21–16. In the divisional round, Rodgers completed 31 of 36 pass attempts for 366 yards and 3 touchdowns in a 48–21 victory over the #1 seeded Atlanta Falcons. On January 23, 2011, Rodgers struggled with a 55.4 passer rating as the Packers beat the #2 seed Chicago Bears 21–14 win to capture the NFC Championship. The Packers earned a trip to Super Bowl XLV, which they won, 31–25, against the Pittsburgh Steelers. Rodgers completed 24 of 39 pass attempts for 304 yards and 3 touchdowns in the win and was named Super Bowl XLV MVP for his performance.

He was named the FedEx Air NFL Player of the Year for the 2010 season.

Touchdown celebration

Since becoming a starter, Rodgers has become known for his unique touchdown celebration which he and his teammates have dubbed "the Championship Belt". After a significant play (more specially, on any scoring plays) Rodgers celebrates by making a motion as if he is putting an invisible belt on around his waist. Teammate Greg Jennings said of the celebration: "It's just something fun that he does. We get excited when we see it cause we know that he's made a play or we've made a play as offense." The gesture drew the praise of World Wrestling Entertainment wrestler Triple H and has become common for Green Bay fans to mimic the celebration as a point of pride during games.

During the NFC Divisional Round of the playoffs on January 15, 2011 against the Atlanta Falcons, Rodgers was sacked by Falcons defensive end John Abraham who performed the celebration immediately following the play. It was Abraham's only sack of the night. Minutes later, Rodgers scored a rushing touchdown and did the celebration in the Falcons' endzone. The Packers went on to win the game 48–21.

After scoring a touchdown in the NFC Championship game, fellow Packer B. J. Raji celebrated using the "Championship Belt" celebration.

While holding the Lombardi Trophy after winning Super Bowl XLV, Rodgers' teammate Clay Matthews placed a replica of the WWE World Heavyweight Championship belt on Rodgers shoulder.

Professional statistics

;Regular season ! style="width:4%;" 3 GNB GNB GNB GNB GNB 54

colSpan="4"	Passing !! colSpan="4"								Rushing !! colSpan="2"| Fumbles
Year !! style="width:4%;"|Team !! style="width:4%;"	S !! style="width:4%;"| Comp !! style="width:4%;"| Att !! style="width:4%;"| Pct !! style="width:4%;"| Yds !! style="width:4%;"| YPA !! style="width:4%;"| Td !! style="width:4%;"| Int !! style="width:4%;"| Rate !! style="width:4%;"| Att !! style="width:4%;"| Yds !! style="width:4%;"| Avg !! style="width:4%;"| Td !! style="width:4%;"| Fum !! style="width:4%;"| Lost
2005 Green Bay Packers season	2005	Green Bay Packers>GNB	|	0	9	16	56.3	65	4.1	0	1	39.8	2	7	3.5	0	2	2
2006 Green Bay Packers season	2006	|	2	0	6	15	40.0	46	3.1	0	0	48.2	2	11	5.5	0	1	1
2007 Green Bay Packers season	2007	|	2	0	20	28	71.4	218	7.8	1	0	106.0	7	29	4.1	0	0
2008 Green Bay Packers season	2008	|	16	16	341	536	63.6	4,038	7.5	28	13	93.8	56	207	3.7	4	10	3
2009 Green Bay Packers season	2009	|	16	16	350	541	64.7	4,434	8.2	30	7	103.2	58	316	5.4	5	10	4
2010 Green Bay Packers season	2010	|	15	15	312	475	65.7	3,922	8.3	28	11	101.2	64	356	5.6	4	4	1
colspan=2>Totals	|	47	1,038	1,611	64.4	12,723	7.9	87	32	98.4	189	926	4.9	13	27	11

;Postseason

! style="width:4%;" 1 GNB 5

colSpan="4"	Passing !! colSpan="4"								Rushing !! colSpan="2"| Fumbles
Year !! style="width:4%;"|Team !! style="width:4%;"	S !! style="width:4%;"| Comp !! style="width:4%;"| Att !! style="width:4%;"| Pct !! style="width:4%;"| Yds !! style="width:4%;"| YPA !! style="width:4%;"| Td !! style="width:4%;"| Int !! style="width:4%;"| Rate !! style="width:4%;"| Att !! style="width:4%;"| Yds !! style="width:4%;"| Avg !! style="width:4%;"| Td !! style="width:4%;"| Fum !! style="width:4%;"| Lost
2009 Green Bay Packers season	2009	Green Bay Packers>GNB	|	1	28	42	66.7	423	10.1	4	1	121.4	3	13	4.3	1	1	1
2010 Green Bay Packers season	2010	|	4	4	90	132	68.2	1094	8.3	9	2	109.8	14	54	3.9	2	2	1
colspan=2>Totals	|	5	118	174	67.8	1,517	8.7	13	3	--	17	67	3.9	3	3	2

References

Further reading

External links

Green Bay Packers bio

California Golden Bears bio

Pro Football Reference.com

Category:American football quarterbacks Category:Green Bay Packers players Category:California Golden Bears football players Category:Players of American football from California Category:People from Chico, California Category:Super Bowl MVPs Category:1983 births Category:Living people

da:Aaron Rodgers de:Aaron Rodgers es:Aaron Rodgers fr:Aaron Rodgers it:Aaron Rodgers la:Aaron Rodgers lv:Ārons Rodžerss hu:Aaron Rodgers ja:アーロン・ロジャース pl:Aaron Rodgers pt:Aaron Rodgers simple:Aaron Rodgers fi:Aaron Rodgers

Coordinates	40°26′30″N80°00′00″N
birthname	Jonah Hill Feldstein
birth date	December 20, 1983
birth place	Mill Valley, California
occupation	Actor, producer, screenwriter, comedian
yearsactive	2004–present
spouse	| homepage }}

Jonah Hill Feldstein (born December 20, 1983), known professionally as Jonah Hill, is an American actor, producer, screenwriter, and comedian.

Early life

Hill was born in Mill Valley, California to a family that worked in the music business. His father, Richard, was a tour accountant for Guns N' Roses. Hill was raised Jewish and had a Bar Mitzvah. He attended The Center for Early Education, Brentwood School and then Crossroads School, in Santa Monica. After graduating from high school, Hill left California to attend The New School, where he studied acting.

Career

While in college, Hill began writing his own plays and performing them in the ''Black and White'' bar in the East Village neighborhood of New York City. His plays developed a small following and helped him realize that his true desire was to act in films. Hill was befriended by Dustin Hoffman's children, Rebecca and Jake, who introduced Hill to their father. The elder Hoffman asked him to audition for a role in ''I Heart Huckabees'', in which Hill made his film debut.

Hill then made a brief appearance in Judd Apatow's directorial debut ''The 40-Year-Old Virgin'', which eventually led to him starring in a larger supporting role in the Apatow-directed ''Knocked Up'', a short role in ''Click'' playing Ben Newman at 17 years old, an uncredited role of Dewey Cox's grown-up brother Nate Cox in ''Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story'', and leading roles in the Apatow-produced ''Superbad'' and ''Get Him to the Greek''.

On television, Hill played the "RA Guy" on the first season of the Oxygen Network sitcom ''Campus Ladies''. He also guest-starred in an episode of ''Clark and Michael''.

He was scheduled to host ''Saturday Night Live'' on November 17, 2007, which would have featured musical guest Kid Rock, but the episode was canceled due to the Writers Guild of America strike which lasted from November 5, 2007 to February 12, 2008. Instead, he hosted the March 15, 2008 show, which featured musical guest Mariah Carey.

He guest-starred in an episode of ''Reno 911'' which aired on April 1, 2009.

Hill was in negotiations for a part in ''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen'' as a sidekick to Shia LaBeouf's character. He next starred in Judd Apatow's third directorial feature, ''Funny People'', which also starred Adam Sandler, Eric Bana and Seth Rogen. He also was an associate producer of the 2009 Sacha Baron Cohen mockumentary ''Brüno''.

He guest starred on an episode of ''The Simpsons'' called "Pranks and Greens", portraying an immature man named Andy Hamilton who was hailed the best prankster in Springfield Elementary School history.

In July of 2011, Jonah appeared at ESPN's ESPY awards sporting a much slimmer physique. He claimed to have lost 40 pounds. Hill will be appearing in the film ''21 Jump Street'' in the near future.

Writing

Hill has wanted to be a writer since he was young, dreaming of someday joining the writing teams of ''The Simpsons'', ''Saturday Night Live'' and ''The Larry Sanders Show''. At one point, Hill was writing a screenplay with close friend and ''I Heart Huckabees'' co-star Jason Schwartzman. At another, he was writing ''Pure Imagination'', a comedy for Sony about a man who develops an imaginary friend after a traumatic experience. Filming was expected to begin in 2008, but it has been in development since then. Hill co-created, co-writes, executive produces and lends his voice to the new Fox animated comedy Allen Gregory, which will air in between The Simpsons and Family Guy on Sunday nights. Hill directed his first music video for singer Sara Barielles's "Gonna Get Over You".

Filmography

'''' ''Grandma's Boy (2006 film) ''Click (2006 film) ''Accepted'' ''10 Items or Less (film) ''Knocked Up'' ''Evan Almighty'' ''Rocket Science (2007 film) ''Superbad (film) ''Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story'' ''Strange Wilderness'' ''Forgetting Sarah Marshall'' ''Just Add Water (film) ''Emerson Park'' ''Reno 911!'' ''Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian'' ''Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!'' ''Funny People'' '''' ''Brüno'' '''' ''How to Train Your Dragon (film) ''Get Him to the Greek'' ''Cyrus (film) ''Megamind'' '''' ''Moneyball (film)

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
2004	''I Heart Huckabees''	Bret
2005	|	eBay store Customer
2006	Grandma's Boy'' ||	Barry
2006	Click'' ||	Ben Newman – at age 17
2006	|	Sherman Schrader	Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Scream
2006	10 Items or Less'' ||	Packy
2007	|	Jonah
2007	|	Eugene Tenanbaum
2007	Rocket Science'' ||	Lionel
2007	Superbad'' ||	Seth	Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor: ComedyNominated — MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough PerformanceNominated — MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance
2007	|	Nate Cox's Ghost	Uncredited
2008	|	Lynn Cooker
2008	|	Matthew
2008	Just Add Water'' ||	Eddie
2008	|	Dylan Machado
2009	|	Daniel	Television series
2009	|	Brundon	Uncredited
2009	|	Jeffrey Simmons
2009	|	Leo
2009	|	Frank
2009	|	-	Associate Producer Only
2009	|	Andy Hamilton	Television series, voice role
2010	How to Train Your Dragon'' ||	Snotlout	Voice role
2010	|	Aaron Green	2010 Teen Choice Awards>Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor: ComedyNominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Liplock Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Fight/Action Sequence
2010	Cyrus'' ||	Cyrus
2010	|	Hal Stewart/Titan	Voice only
2011	|	Noah Jaybird
2011	Moneyball'' ||	Peter Brand

References

External links

The ''Superbad'' boys: exclusive video interview with stv.tv/movies

Photo spread of Jonah Hill with Riley Keough in Harper's Bazaar

Category:1983 births Category:Actors from California Category:American film actors Category:American Jews Category:American screenwriters Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:Jewish actors Category:Living people Category:People from Marin County, California

ar:جونا هيل da:Jonah Hill de:Jonah Hill es:Jonah Hill fr:Jonah Hill id:Jonah Hill it:Jonah Hill he:ג'ונה היל nl:Jonah Hill ja:ジョナ・ヒル no:Jonah Hill pt:Jonah Hill ru:Хилл, Джона simple:Jonah Hill sv:Jonah Hill zh:喬納·希爾

Jordan Roseman (aka DJ Earworm) is a San Francisco/London-based mashup artist who has achieved recognition for his technically sophisticated, songwriting oriented music and video mashups. His annual “United State of Pop” mashups, short mixes featuring the top 25 songs of the year according to Billboard magazine, have reached the Top 100 for national radio play.

Biography

Roseman was born into a big family of musicians and raised in eastern Iowa and Evanston, Illinois. In his early life, he played piano and produced original electronic music on a computer, later majoring in music theory and computer science at the University of Illinois. He began making mashups recreationally in 2003 using ACID. After encouragement from DJ Adrian at Club Bootie, Roseman created the moniker DJ Earworm ("earworm" referencing a song that repeats uncontrollably in one's mind) and began releasing mashups via a website.

DJ Earworm has a unique mashup style that consists of a compositional, songwriting approach. He gradually layers samples on top of one another, matching keys and subtly altering melodies. His mashups often convey an entirely new meaning than the original material, such as a political message in “No More Gas”. He has been contrasted with mashup artist Girl Talk, who has a more DJ-oriented style.

He is the author of ''Audio Mashup Construction Kit'' (Wiley, 2006), a how-to manual for creating mashups.

At the 2008 IDEA conference, he revealed that he has made mashups using Ableton Live₨, and now DJs live with the same software.

"United State of Pop" series

2007

Earworm's 2007 mashup, "United State of Pop” consisted of the top 25 songs of 2007 according to ''Billboard''. The song crossed beyond the online download market, reaching the Top 100 for national radio play in February 2008. Earworm is the first mashup artist to have a bootleg mashup enter Billboard’s charts. As of August 12, 2011, the song has surpassed 4.5 million views on YouTube, and it has peaked at number 71 on the CHR/Top 40 Mediabase radio chart.

Mix Includes:

"Irreplaceable"- Beyonce

" Umbrella"- Rihanna ft. Jay-z

"The Sweet Escape"- Gwen Stefani ft. Akon

"Big Girls Don't Cry"- Fergie

"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')"- T-Pain ft. Young Joc

"Before He Cheats"- Carrie Underwood

"Hey There Delilah"- Plain White T's

" I Wanna Love You"- Akon ft. Snoop Dogg

"Say It Right"- Nelly Furtado

" Glamorous"- Fergie ft. Ludacris

"Don't Matter"- Akon

" Girlfriend"- Avril Lavigne

"Makes Me Wonder"- Maroon 5

"Party Like a Rockstar"- Shop Boyz

"Smack That"- Akon ft. Eminem

"This Is Why I'm Hot"- Mims

" It's Not Over"- Daughtry

"The Way I Are"- Timbaland ft. Keri Hilson

"Fergalicious"- Fergie

"Crank That (Soulja Boy)*- Soulja Boy Tell 'Em

" Give It to Me"- Timbaland with Justin Timberlake and Nelly Furtado

"What Goes Around... Comes Around"- Justin Timberlake

"Cupid's Chokehold"- Gym Class Heroes ft. Patrick Stump

" How to Save a Life"- The Fray

" Home"- Daughtry

2008

On December 25, 2008 he released another mashup called "United State of Pop 2008 (Viva la Pop)", prominently featuring Coldplay's song "Viva la Vida" as the backing track, and an intro by Natasha Bedingfield's Pocketful of Sunshine beat. The official YouTube video of the song had 200,000 views within the first two weeks of release. The mashup peaked at number 58 on ''Billboard'''s Pop Airplay chart, and entered the Pop 100 chart. As of August 12, 2011, the video has received over 9.2 million views on YouTube, and it has peaked at number 81 on the CHR/Top 40 Mediabase radio chart.

Mix Includes:

" Low"- Flo Rida ft. T-Pain

"Bleeding Love"- Leona Lewis

" No One"- Alicia Keys

" Lollipop"- Lil Wayne ft. Static Major

" Apologize"- One Republic ft. Timbaland

"No Air"- Jordin Sparks & Chris Brown

" Love Song"- Sara Bareilles

"Love in This Club"- Usher ft.Young Jeezy

" With You"- Chris Brown

" Forever"- Chris Brown

"Sexy Can I"- Ray J ft. Young Berg

" Take a Bow"- Rihanna

"Viva La Vida"- Coldplay

"I Kissed a Girl"- Katy Perry

" Whatever You Like"-T.I.

"Disturbia"- Rihanna

" Don't Stop the Music"- Rihanna

" Pocketful of Sunshine"- Natasha Bedingfield

" Kiss Kiss"- Chris Brown ft. T-pain

" Closer"- Ne-Yo

"Bubbly"- Colbie Caillat

"Touch My Body"- Mariah Carey

" 4 Minutes "- Madonna ft. Justin Timberlake

" So What"- Pink

"Paralyzer"- Finger Eleven

2009

On December 27, 2009 he released a third year-end mashup, "United State of Pop 2009 (Blame it on the Pop)". The music video has reached over 38.5 million views as of August 17, 2011.

Mix Includes:

"Boom Boom Pow"- The Black Eyed Peas

" Poker Face"- Lady Gaga

"Just Dance"- Lady Gaga ft.Colby O'Donis

"I Gotta Feeling"- Black Eyed Peas

" Love Story"- Taylor Swift

"Right Round"- Flo Rida ft. Kesha

" I'm Yours"- Jason Mraz

"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on it)"- Beyonce

" Heartless"- Kanye West

"Gives You Hell"- All-American Rejects

"You Belong with Me"- Taylor Swift

"Dead and Gone"- T.I ft. Justin Timberlake

"You Found Me"- The Fray

"Use Somebody"- Kings of Leon

"Knock You Down"- Keri Hilson ft. Kanye West & Ne-Yo

"Blame It"- Jamie Foxx ft. T-Pain

"I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)"- Pitbull

"Live Your Life"- T.I ft. Rihanna

"Kiss Me Thru the Phone"- Soulja Boy Tell 'Em ft. Sammie

" Down"- Jay Sean ft. Lil Wayne

"The Climb"- Miley Cyrus

" Best I Ever Had"- Drake

"My Life Would Suck Without You"- Kelly Clarkson

" Halo"- Beyonce

"Hot n Cold"- Katy Perry

2010

On December 28, 2010 he released the fourth year-end mashup, "United State of Pop 2010 (Don't Stop the Pop) includes the top 25 singles of 2010. The music video has reached over 12.7 million views as of August 17, 2011.

Mix Includes:

"Tik Tok"- Kesha

"Need You Now"- Lady Antebellum

"Hey, Soul Sister"- Train

"California Gurls"- Katy Perry ft. Snoop Dogg

" OMG"-Usher ft. Will.I.Am

"Airplanes"-B.o.B ft. Hayley Williams

"Love the Way You Lie"- Eminem ft. Rihanna

"Bad Romance"-Lady Gaga

" Dynamite"- Taio Cruz

"Break Your Heart"- Taio Cruz ft. Ludacris

"Nothin' on You"- B.o.B ft. Bruno Mars

" I Like It"- Enrique Iglesias ft. Pitbull

"BedRock"-Young Money Entertainment ft. Lloyd

" In My Head"- Jason Derülo

"Rude Boy"- Rihanna

" Telephone"- Lady Gaga ft. Beyonce

"Teenage Dream"- Katy Perry

"Just The Way You Are"- Bruno Mars

"Cooler Than Me"- Mike Posner

"Imma Be"- The Black Eyed Peas

"Empire State of Mind"- Jay-Z ft. Alicia Keys

"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love"- Usher ft. Pitbull

"Billionaire"- Travie McCoy ft. Bruno Mars

"Not Afraid"-Eminem

"Replay"- Iyaz

2011

The fifth year-end mashup is set to be released in December 2011.*The Billboard Hot 100 Chart contacted DJ Earworm early, due to his mashups coming out so late. They gave him the official top 25 songs of 2011:

" Rolling In The Deep"- Adele "Firework"- Katy Perry "Party Rock Anthem"- LMFAO ft. Lauren Bennett & GoodRock "Grenade"- Bruno Mars "E.T"-Katy Perry ft. Kanye West "Give Me Everything"-Pitbull ft. Ne-Yo & Nayer "Born This Way"- Lady Gaga "F**k You"-Cee Lo Green "F**king Perfect"- P!nk "S&M;"- Rihanna "Raise Your Glass"- P!nk "Tonight(I'm Lovin'You)"- Enrique Iglesias ft. Ludacris "The Edge Of Glory"-Lady Gaga "Lighters"- Bad Meets Evil ft. Bruno Mars "What's My Name"- Rihanna ft. Drake "Just Can't Get Enough"- The Black Eyed Peas "Till The World Ends"- Britney Spears "Last Friday Night(T.G.I.F)"- Katy Perry "On The Floor"- Jennifer Lopez ft. Pitbull "Black & Yellow"- Wiz Khalifa "Super Bass"- Nicki Minaj "The Lazy Song"- Bruno Mars "We R Who We R"- Kesha "How To Love"- Lil Wayne "Only Girl(In The World)"- Rihanna

Official Mashups

While most mashup artists must rely on bootleg samples and public releases to make mashups, Earworm has been contacted by prominent musicians to make mashups from their source material. DJ Earworm was given multitracks by Annie Lennox to create a unique mashup piece called "Backwards/Forwards," which contains nine of her songs.

On September 12, 2009, Earworm released an official Sean Kingston mashup called "A Beautiful Mashup."

Like OMG, Baby

"Like OMG, Baby", released in the summer of 2010, was shown as part of a concert at Wembley Stadium in London for Capital FM's Summertime Ball, where all fifteen of the featured artists performed. The mashup is Earworm's fourth song to chart on the CHR/Top 40 ''Mediabase'' radio chart, where it peaked at number 83. As of August 8, 2011, the video has received 10.2 million views and counting on YouTube, making it by far his most popular non-United State of Pop mashup and surpassing the 2008 year-end video. In 2011 the song was honored with two Sony Radio Academy Awards. Here is the list of songs used: #Alexandra Burke - All Night Long #Cheryl Cole - Fight For This Love #Chipmunk feat. Esmee Denters - Until You Were Gone #Dizzee Rascal - Bonkers #Ellie Goulding - Starry Eyed #Jason Derulo - In My Head #JLS - One Shot #Justin Bieber - Baby #Ke$ha - Tik Tok #Pixie Lott - Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) #Rihanna - Rude Boy #Scouting For Girls - This Ain't a Love Song #Tinie Tempah - Pass Out #Usher feat. Will.I.Am - OMG #The Wanted - All Time Low

Free At Night

On December 10, 2010, Earworm released a Nelly Furtado mashup titled "Free At Night", composed of 13 songs from Furtado's recent greatest hits album, The Best of Nelly Furtado. The music video has over 541,000 views as of August 8, 2011. Here is the list of songs used: #I'm Like a Bird #Turn Off the Light #Powerless (Say What You Want) #Try #Força #Promiscuous #Maneater #Say It Right #All Good Things (Come To An End) #Girlfriend in This City #Night Is Young #Stars #Manos al Aire

The Only Time is Tonight

To promote YouTube's Android app, Earworm released a mashup called "The Only Time is Tonight". The mashup heavily used Enrique Iglesias's "Tonight (I'm Lovin' You)" instrumental and vocals. It was released on May 31, 2011 on YouTube's official account. As of August 22, 2011, the video has reached over 1.5 million views. Here is the list of songs used: #Avril Lavigne - What the Hell #Black Eyed Peas - The Time (Dirty Bit) #Chris Brown - Yeah 3x #Enrique Iglesias - Tonight (I'm Lovin' You) #Kesha - We R Who We R #Rihanna - Only Girl (In the World) #Willow Smith - Whip My Hair

Party on the Floor

After 2010's "Like OMG, Baby", Earworm released the 2011 version. He released it on June 12, 2011. It is entitled, "Party On The Floor". As of August 23, 2011, the music video has reached over 3 million views. This mash up was used at the start of the Capital FM summertime ball 2011 at Wembley Stadium. Here are the songs used: #Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull - On the Floor #Jessie J - Do It Like A Dude #Jessie J feat. B.o.B.- Price Tag #LMFAO feat. Lauren Barrett & GoonRock - Party Rock Anthem #Nicole Scherzinger - Don't Hold Your Breath #Example - Changed the Way You Kiss Me #Mike Posner - Cooler Than Me #Ne-Yo - Beautiful Monster #The Wanted - Glad You Came #Far East Movement feat. The Cataracs & Dev - Like A G6 #JLS feat. Tinie Tempah - Eyes Wide Shut #JLS - Love You More #Katy B - Katy on a Mission #Katy B feat. Ms. Dynamite - Lights On #Cee-Lo Green - Forget You #Cee-Lo Green feat. Wiz Khalifa - Bright Lights, Bigger City #Enrique Iglesias feat. Pitbull - I Like It #Wretch 32 - Traktor #Mann - Buzzin'

References

External links

DJ Earworm Homepage

Category:American DJs Category:Living people

pt:DJ Earworm