:''Not to be confused with the similarly-pronounced Elba''.

The River Elbe (; ; Low German: ''de Ilv'') is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Krkonoše Mountains of northwestern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia (Czech Republic), then Germany and flowing into the North Sea at Cuxhaven, 110 km northwest of Hamburg. Its total length is .

The Elbe's major tributaries include the Vltava, Saale, Havel, Mulde, Schwarze Elster, and Ohre rivers.

The Elbe River basin, comprising the Elbe and its tributaries, has a catchment area of , the fourth largest in Europe. The basin spans four countries, with its largest parts in Germany (65.5%) and the Czech Republic (33.7%). Much smaller parts lie in Austria (0.6%) and Poland (0.2%). The basin is inhabited by 24.5 million people.

Course

In the Czech Republic

The Elbe rises at an elevation of about in the Krkonoše (also known as ''Giant Mountains'' or in German as ''Riesengebirge'') on the northwest borders of the Czech Republic. Of the numerous small streams whose waters compose the infant river, the most important is the Bílé Labe, or White Elbe. After plunging down the of the Labský vodopád, or Elbe Falls, the latter stream unites with the steeply torrential Malé Labe, and thereafter the united stream of the Elbe pursues a southerly course, emerging from the mountain glens at and continuing on to Pardubice, where it turns sharply to the west. At Kolín some further on, it bends gradually towards the north-west.

At the village of Káraný, a little above Brandýs nad Labem it picks up the Jizera.

At Mělník its stream is more than doubled in volume by the Vltava, or Moldau, a river which winds northwards through Bohemia. Although upstream from the confluence Vltava is longer ( against ), has larger discharge and larger drainage basin, due to historical reasons (at the confluence the Vltava meets the Elbe at almost a right angle, so it appears as a tributary) the river continues as Elbe.

Some distance lower down, at Litoměřice, the waters of the Elbe are tinted by the reddish Ohře (Eger). Thus augmented, and swollen into a stream wide, the Elbe carves a path through the basaltic mass of the České Středohoří, churning its way through a deep, narrow rocky gorge.

In Germany

Shortly after crossing the Czech-German frontier, and passing through the sandstone defiles of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains, the stream assumes a north-westerly direction, which on the whole it preserves right to the North Sea.

The river rolls through Dresden and finally, beyond Meißen, enters on its long journey across the North German Plain passing along the former border of East Germany, touching Torgau, Wittenberg, Dessau, Magdeburg, Wittenberge, and Hamburg on the way, and taking on the waters of the Mulde and Saale from the west, and those of the Schwarze Elster, Havel and Elde from the east. In its northern section both banks of the Elbe are characterised by flat, very fertile marshlands (Elbe Marshes), former flood plains of the Elbe now diked.

At Magdeburg there is a viaduct , the Magdeburg Water Bridge, that carries a canal and its shipping traffic, over the Elbe and its banks, allowing shipping traffic to pass under it unhindered.

Soon the Elbe reaches Hamburg. Within the city-state the Elbe has a number of branch streams, such as Dove Elbe, Gose Elbe, Köhlbrand, Northern Elbe (Norderelbe), Reiherstieg, Southern Elbe (Süderelbe). Some of which have been disconnected for vessels from the main stream by dikes. In 1390 the Gose Elbe (literally in ) was separated from the main stream by a dike connecting the two then islands of Kirchwerder and Neuengamme. The Dove Elbe (literally in ) was diked off in 1437/38 at Gammer Ort. These hydraulic engineerings were carried out to protect marshlands from inundation and to improve the water supply of the Port of Hamburg. After the heavy inundation by the North Sea flood of 1962 the western section of the Southern Elbe was separated becoming the Old Southern Elbe, while the waters of the eastern Southern Elbe now merge into the Köhlbrand, which is bridged by the Köhlbrandbrücke, the last bridge over the Elbe before the North Sea.

The Northern Elbe passes the Elbe Philharmonic Hall and is then crossed under by the old Elbe Tunnel (Alter Elbtunnel), both in Hamburg's city centre. A bit more downstream the Northern Elbe and the Köhlbrand reunite to form the Lower Elbe stream south of Altona-Altstadt, a locality of Hamburg. Right at its beginning the Lower Elbe is passed under by the New Elbe Tunnel (Neuer Elbtunnel), the last structural road link crossing the river before the North Sea. Leaving the city-state the Lower Elbe then passes between Holstein and the Elbe-Weser Triangle with Stade until it flows into the North Sea at Cuxhaven. Near its mouth it passes the entrance to the Kiel Canal at Brunsbüttel before it debouches into the North Sea.

Towns and cities on the Elbe

{| style="margin-left:0; font-size:85%" class="wikitable" |+ Key |- ! Town !! Population |- !Hradec Králové !! 94,255 |- !Pardubice !! 88,559 |- !Kolín !! 30,823 |- !Káraný !! 450 |- !Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav !! 16,314 |- !Mělník !! 19,077 |- !Litoměřice !! 25,517 |- !Ústí nad Labem !! 120,373 |- !Dresden !! 517,052 |- !Meißen !! 27,693 |- !Torgau !! 19,894 |- !Wittenberg !! 49,914 |- !Dessau !! 77,394 |- !Magdeburg !! 230,456 |- !Wittenberge !! 18,710 |- !Hamburg !! 1,769,117 |- !Stade !! 46,080 |- !Cuxhaven !! 50,846 |}

Navigation

The Elbe has been navigable by commercial vessels since 1842, and provides important trade links as far inland as Prague. The river is linked by canals (Elbe-Seitenkanal, Elbe-Havel Canal, Mittellandkanal) to the industrial areas of Germany and to Berlin. The Elbe-Lübeck Canal links the Elbe to the Baltic Sea, as does the Kiel Canal, whose western entrance is near the mouth of the Elbe. The Elbe-Weser Shipping Channel connects the Elbe with the Weser.

By the Treaty of Versailles the navigation on the Elbe became subject to the International Commission of the Elbe, seated in Dresden. The statute of the Commission was signed in Dresden on February 22, 1922. Following articles 363 and 364 of the Treaty of Versailles, Czechoslovakia was entitled to lease its own harbour bassin, Moldauhafen in Hamburg. The contract of lease with Germany, and supervised by the United Kingdom, was signed on February 14, 1929 and will end in 2028, since 1993 the Czech Republic holds the former Czechoslovak legal position.

Before Germany was reunited, waterway transport in Western Germany was hindered by the fact that inland navigation to Hamburg had to pass through the German Democratic Republic. The Elbe-Seitenkanal (Elbe Lateral Canal) was built between the West German section of the Mittellandkanal and the Lower Elbe to restore this connection. When the two nations were reunited, works began to improve and restore the original links: the Magdeburg Water Bridge now allows large barges to cross the Elbe without having to enter the river. The often low water levels of the Elbe do not hinder navigation to Berlin any longer.

Islands

Outer Elbe (estuary)

Medemsand

Neuwerk – an exclave of Hamburg's borough of Mitte (centre)

Nigehörn – an exclave Hamburg's borough of Mitte

Scharhörn – an exclave Hamburg's borough of Mitte

Lower Elbe

Rhinplatte – west of Glückstadt

Schwarztonnensand - east of Drochtersen

Pagensand - west of Seestermühe

Bishorst - west of Wedel

Lühesand - east of Stade

Hanskalbsand - south of Schulau

Hahnöfersand - north of Jork

Neßsand - south of Tinsdal

Schweinesand - south of Blankenese (Hamburg)

Between Northern and Southern Elbe (Norderelbe/Süderelbe)

Finkenwerder – in Hamburg's borough of Mitte (centre)

Kaltehofe (also "Kalte Hofe") – in Hamburg's borough of Mitte

Wilhelmsburg, including the islands Veddel, Georgswerder, Kleiner Grasbrook, Steinwerder, Peute and several more – in Hamburg's borough of Mitte

Middle Elbe

Steinkopfinsel – in Magdeburg

Rotehorninsel – in Magdeburg

Upper reaches

Gauernitzer Elbinsel – east of Gauernitz in the Dresden Basin between Dresden and Meißen

Pillnitzer Elbinsel – in Dresden's southern quarter of Pillnitz in the Dresden Basin

Headwaters

Kmochův – in Kolín

Ferries

The Elbe is crossed by many ferries, both passenger and car carrying. In downstream order, these include:

Dolní Žleb Ferry, at Dolní Žleb in the Děčín District

Rathen Ferry, at Rathen

Pillnitz Kleinzschachwitz Ferry, in the eastern suburbs of Dresden

Laubegast Niederpoyritz Ferry, in Dresden

Johannstadt Neustadt Ferry, in Dresden

Belgern Ottersitz Ferry, between Belgern and Ottersitz

Dommitzsch Prettin Ferry, between Dommitzsch and Prettin

Mauken Pretzsch Ferry, between Mauken and Pretzsch

Wartenburg Elster Ferry, between Wartenburg and Elster

Wörlitz Coswig Ferry, between Wörlitz and Coswig

Steutz Aken Ferry, between Steutz and Aken

Tochheim Ferry, between Tochheim and Alt Tochheim near Breitenhagen

Ronney Barby Ferry, between Barby and Walternienburg

Westerhüsen Ferry, at Westerhüsen near Magdeburg

Schartau Rogätz Ferry, between Schartau and Rogätz

Ferchland Grieben Ferry, between Ferchland and Grieben

Sandau Büttnershof Ferry, between Sandau and Büttnershof

Räbel Havelberg Ferry, between Räbel and Havelberg

Lenzen Pevestorf Ferry, between Lenzen and Pevestorf

Darchau Ferry, between Darchau and Neu Darchau

Bleckede Ferry, between Bleckede and Neu Bleckede

Zollenspieker Ferry, between Kirchwerder and Winsen (Luhe) to the east of Hamburg

Ferries in the port of Hamburg, operated by HADAG

Wischhafen Glückstadt Ferry, between Wischhafen and Glückstadt to the west of Hamburg

Many of these ferries are traditional reaction ferries, a type of cable ferry that uses the current flow of the river to provide propulsion.

Etymology

First attested in Latin as '''', the name '''' means "river" or "river-bed" and is nothing more than the High German version of a word ('''') found elsewhere in Germanic; cf. Old Norse river name '''', Swedish '''' "river", Old English river name '''', and Middle Low German '''' "river-bed".

History

The Elbe was recorded by Ptolemy as '''' (Germanic for "river") in Germania Magna with its source in the '''' mountains (, or Giant Mountains), where the Germanic '''' lived.

The Elbe has long been an important delineator of European geography. The Romans knew the river as the ''''; however, they only attempted once to move the Eastern border of their empire forward from the Rhine to the Elbe, and this attempt failed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD, after which they never seriously tried again. In the Middle Ages it formed the eastern limit of the Empire of Charlemagne. The river's navigable sections were also essential to the success of the Hanseatic League and much trade was carried on its waters.

The Elbe delineated the western parts of Germany from the eastern so-called East Elbia, where soccage and serfdom were more strict and prevailed longer, than westwards of the river, and where feudal lords held bigger estates than in the west. Thus incumbents of huge land-holdings became characterised as East Elbian Junkers. The Northern German area north of the Lower Elbe used to be called North Albingia in the Middle Ages. When the four Lutheran church bodies there united in 1977 they chose the name North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church. Other, administrative units were named after the river Elbe, such as the Westphalian ''Elbe département'' (1807–1813) and the ''Lower Elbe département'' (1810), and the French département Bouches-de-l'Elbe (1811–1814).

In 1945, as World War II was drawing to a close, Nazi Germany was caught between the armies of the western Allies advancing from the west and the Soviet Union advancing from the east. On 25 April 1945, these two forces linked up near Torgau, on the Elbe. The event was marked as Elbe Day. After the war, the Elbe formed part of the border between East Germany and West Germany.

During the 1970s, the Soviet Union stated that Adolf Hitler's ashes had been scattered in the Elbe following disinterment from their original burial site.

See also

2002 European floods

2006 European floods

Saxon Elbeland - the region of the Upper Elbe in Germany

References

External links

Ancient library Albis river in Germania Magna

Source of Albis river in Asciburgis (Riesengebirge Giants mountains

information and pictures of the spring of Labe in Giant Mountains (Krkonoše, Riesengebirge)

Mühlanger , Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. 9 km to Lutherstadt Wittenberg –Germany --click-on: Bildergalerie click-on..click-around

Hamburg-Wedel-Elbe-Web-Cams

Hamburg-Cruise-Center + Elbphilharmonie Hamburg- Elbe-Harbour-Web-Cams

Elbe Category:Rivers of the Hradec Králové Region Category:Rivers of the Central Bohemian Region Category:Rivers of the Pardubice Region Category:Rivers of the Ústí nad Labem Region Category:Rivers of Germany Category:International rivers of Europe Category:Rivers of Brandenburg Category:Rivers of Hamburg Category:Rivers of Lower Saxony Category:Rivers of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Category:Rivers of Saxony Category:Rivers of Saxony-Anhalt Category:Rivers of Schleswig-Holstein Category:Inner German border *

af:Elbe als:Elbe ang:Ælf ēa ar:إلبه an:Río Elba ast:Ríu Elba be:Рака Эльба be-x-old:Лаба bs:Laba br:Elbe bg:Елба ca:Elba (riu) cv:Эльба (юханшыв) cs:Labe cy:Afon Elbe da:Elben de:Elbe dsb:Łobjo et:Elbe el:Έλβας es:Río Elba eo:Elbo (rivero) eu:Elba ibaia fa:الب (رود) hif:Elbe Naddi fr:Elbe (fleuve) fy:Elbe ga:Eilbe gl:Río Elba ko:엘베 강 hsb:Łobjo hr:Laba io:Elbe id:Elbe is:Saxelfur it:Elba (fiume) he:אלבה (נהר) ka:ელბა (მდინარე) csb:Laba sw:Elbe la:Albis lv:Elba lb:Elbe lt:Elbė lmo:Elba hu:Elba (folyó) mr:एल्ब नदी ms:Sungai Elbe nl:Elbe (rivier) ja:エルベ川 no:Elben nn:Elbe pnb:دریائے ایلب nds:Elv pl:Łaba pt:Rio Elba ro:Râul Elba ru:Эльба (река) stq:Elbe sq:Elba simple:Elbe sk:Labe sr:Лаба (река) sh:Laba fi:Elbe sv:Elbe tl:Ilog Elba ta:எல்பா ஆறு tt:Эльба th:แม่น้ำเอลเบอ tr:Elbe Nehri uk:Ельба ur:ایلب vi:Elbe zh:易北河

: Frederick Emerson Small (born November 6, 1952), known publicly as Fred Small, is an American singer-songwriter. He is also a lawyer and a Unitarian Universalist minister. His songs often make a political or ethical statement. Among his best-known songs are "Heart of the Appaloosa," "Everything Possible," "Peace Is", and "Cranes Over Hiroshima". He is hailed by Pete Seeger as "one of America's best songwriters".

In 1996 he became the minister of First Church Unitarian in Littleton, Massachusetts. On April 20, 2008 he was called as Senior Minister at the First Parish Church in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

His original album "Love's Gonna Carry Us" had featured Small by himself singing and playing the guitar. However, as Small became more famous, his albums included more instruments and more appearances by other artists, including instrumental and vocal backing by popular New England folk artists. Famous fiddlers, guitarists, and mandolin players alike became a part of Small’s discography and helped Small increase his popularity.

Discography

''Love's Gonna Carry Us'' (1981)

''The Heart of the Appaloosa'' (1983)

''No Limit'' (1985)

''I Will Stand Fast'' (1988)

''Jaguar'' (1991)

''Everything Possible'' (1993)

''Only Love'' (2001)

References

External links

"Fred Small" - biography on First Church Unitarian website

"Fred Small" - First Parish in Cambridge Unitarian Universalist website

Former official site - from the Internet Archive

Fred Small fansite

Category:1952 births Category:Living people Category:American male singers Category:American songwriters Category:American singer-songwriters Category:Fast Folk artists

Bishop John Leonard Wilson KCMG (23 November 1897 – 22 July 1970) was an Anglican bishop. He was Bishop of Singapore from 1941 to 1949 during the time of Japanese occupation, and subsequently Dean of Manchester and Bishop of Birmingham.

Education

Wilson was born in Gateshead, County Durham, and educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne, St John's School, Leatherhead, Knutsford Training School, The Queen's College, Oxford (shortened degree, Bachelor of Arts in theology 1922) and Wycliffe Hall, Oxford.

Marriage and family

In 1930 Wilson married Mary Phillips. They had a daughter and four sons.

Service in Singapore

After serving as Dean of Hong Kong, Wilson became Bishop of Singapore in 1941.

At the time of the fall of Singapore in February 1942, Wilson, assisted by the Reverend Reginald Keith Sorby Adams of Saint Andrew's School, Singapore and John Hayter, ministered unstintingly to the people of Singapore. Subsequently they were able to continue their ministry for a year, thanks mainly to the help of a Christian Japanese officer Andrew Ogawa. However the growing popularity of the cathedral and the use of English was perceived by the Japanese authorities as a threat and in 1943 they were interned in Changi prison.

The discovery of some notes by Wilson about T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia0 raised suspicions of plans to stir up the local population to revolt. In the prison they worked hard to maintain morale. Then Wilson was one of 57 civilians who were tortured by the Japanese authorities in the "Double Tenth Incident, so-called because it started with a raid on the Changi internment facility on 10 October 1943. The Japanese were seeking evidence that the internees had assisted in Operation Jaywick, in which Australian and British commandos operating from Australia sank several Japanese warships in Singapore's Keppel Harbour on 26 September 1943. Wilson was one of those who gave evidence of the nature of the torture to the investigation commission set up by the authorities of the Sime Road Internment Camp following the Japanese surrender in August 1945. By the end of the war he had made several conversions to Christianity, including some of the Japanese captors.

Later career

From 1949 to 1953, Wilson was Dean of Manchester and, from 1953, to 1969 Bishop of Birmingham in succession to the controversial Ernest William Barnes. In his time as a bishop, Wilsom was frequently called on to give a Christian perspective on issues of peace and war, his wartime experiences giving him a moral platform from which to do so. He was an early supporter of the ordination of women. He was opposed to the death penalty and for the reform of the law on homosexual acts.

As president of the Modern Churchmen's Union, from 1958 to 1960, he was strongly involved in the controversies following the publication of ''Honest to God'' in 1964.

In 1966 Wilson gave the address at the memorial service for the wartime General Officer Commanding (Malaya), Arthur Ernest Percival, which was held in St Martin-in-the-Fields in London.

Wilson was appointed CMG in 1946 and KCMG in 1963.

The author of his ODNB article says that Wilson's "... episcopate in Birmingham cemented a divided diocese, and strengthened the influence of the church on civic and social life".

Death

Wilson retired to Yorkshire in 1969. He died of a stroke on the way home after conducting the annual service of the Order of St Michael and St George at St Paul's Cathedral on 22 July 1970.

Personal life

Wilson's daughter, Susan Cole-King (23 April 1934 – 8 February 2001), was ordained as an Anglican priest. On 6 August 1998 (Hiroshima Day) at the Lambeth Conference she gave the homily on her father's wartime experience and the need for peace. His son, Martin, was also an Anglican priest.

Publications

''A Bishop Broadcasts''. [With a portrait.] 11 pages, published by Singapore Auxiliary Diocesan Association [1947] (found in British Library catalogue).

Contribution to ''Marriage, Sex and the Family. A Christian symposium''. Edited by E. P. Smith. Wales Publishing Co.: London, 1959. (Referred to in ODNB article and found in the BL catalogue).

References

Further reading

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography J. C. H. Tompkins, ‘Wilson, (John) Leonard (1897–1970)’, rev., first published Sept 2004

Roy McKay, ''John Leonard Wilson: Confessor for the Faith'', London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1973 ISBN 0340154888, paperback edition, 1974: ISBN 0340185708

J. L. Wilson, ''Only Look on us as Found in Him'' (Cambridge: Mass: 1961).

Category:Bishops of Birmingham Category:Bishops of Singapore Category:English torture victims Category:Deans of Manchester Category:Church of England deans Category:Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford Category:World War II civilian prisoners held by Japan Category:Holders of a Lambeth degree Category:1970 deaths Category:British expatriates in Hong Kong Category:British expatriates in Singapore Category:1897 births

Master Toddy. Thohsaphol Sitiwatjana was born May 4, 1953 and attended Laselle school and graduated from Patumwan Technology . Having a Police Chief as a father and born into a middleclass background fighting Muay Thai was not generally accepted as a middle class sport and only for the poor, yet the young Thahsaphol could not be deterred fighting in bareknuckle championships and amateur Muay Thai fights as much as he could. He trained under the legendary Grand Master Ajarn Seri Ramaruud, Grand Master Ajarn Sanong Rakwanid, and Grand Master Ajarn Pansak Ratanaprasit who trained the Master of the now famous Tony Jaa who starred in the hit movie Ong Bak. A trainer of over 40 world champions, Master Toddy has always been known to strive for the best. Being a trainer and coach in Thailand, Master Toddy had the opportunity to train in both Muay Thai and Taekwondo at the same school. Not only was he exposed to these martial arts, he was also able to learn from champions of other styles who were housed in the same school. At a very early age he had the opportunity to teach along side his Master where he learnt to adapt his training style to various students’ capabilities and strengths.

It was an unusual, but very helpful, means of learning the art of martial arts.At the age of 20, Master Toddy wanted to do something adventurous. Landing a part in the James Bond Movie ‘Man with the Golden Gun’ which was filmed mostly in Thailand using the Island of Phi Phi in the Southern Phuket province. But to get this part the young Master Toddy had to fight 6 Chinese champion martial arts experts from the team who starred in Bruce Lee movies having beaten 4 of them and the other two withdrawing Toddy got the part.

He headed out to England shortly afterwards. Making his home in Manchester, Master Toddy opened the first Muay Thai School in England. The school gained notoriety as the trainer began to produce world champions. Students from as far as 200 miles away would drive just to attend one of Master Toddy's Muay Thai classes. In England, Master Toddy was known as the father of Muay Thai. His fighters were distinguished champions, and his promotions were always organized and professional. Even now Master Toddy is still known as the number one trainer and promoter in England, being the first to air a live TV promotion back to Thailand.

After spending 16 years in the UK and Ireland, Master Toddy decided to make his mark in the United States. He packed up his training gear and headed out to Las Vegas, Nevada, continuing his streak as a world-class trainer. In his first two years, Master Toddy trained 4 world champions by himself. Wanting to achieve the best in Muay Thai training, Master Toddy recruited top-notch fighters from Thailand to form the Champion Instructor Team.

In addition to training students, the art of Muay Thai, Master Toddy has also done stunt work for movies such as Austin Powers, etc. He has choreographed fight scenes for various TV programs, and trained famous stars. The Secret Service and Special Forces have even enlisted Master Toddy's help in training their members.

Confident with the vast expertise of the other masters, he has trained, Master Toddy sharpens the Muay Thai techniques learned by the students. He is also responsible for the psychological strength unique among his fighters. His champions fight with tremendous heart, Master Toddy looking for and reinforcing the various talents of each individual fighter. Included in the list of over 40 world champions trained by Master Toddy are Maurice Smith, Dale "Apollo" Cook, Ronnie Green, Lisa Howarth, Kash "The Flash" Gill, Kiyotaka Kato, and Howard Brown. Of the new generation of fighters in America, Melchor Menor, Ben Garcia, Kit Cope, Shannon Singleton, Gina Corano, Tito Ortiz, Randy Couture and Angela Rivera rule the ring.

Here are just some of Master Toddy’s achievements to date; • Starred in the Movie James Bond ‘Man with the Golden Gun’ • Co-wrote, co-directed and starred in the hit reality TV show ‘FIGHT GIRLS’ as shown on Oxygen Network previously owned by Oprah Winfrey • Is now creating his own reality TV show called ‘TUFF GIRLS’. • Trained UFC and MMA superstars such as Hall of Famer ‘Randy the Natural Couture’, Tito Ortiz, Stephan Bonnar, Forest Griffin, Phil Baroni, Bob Sapp, etc. • Trained Gina Corano to become the first International Woman’s World Muay Thai Champion. • Helped set up more than 300 Muay Thai gyms/schools worldwide • Is one of directors on the board for the Muay Thai International Association (MTIA)

Master Toddy is a trainer of Muay Thai fighters. He also has performed and choreographed martial arts scenes in movies. He is the lead instructor for the Fight Girls series.

Fighters trained by Master Toddy

Kevin Ross

Ben Garcia

Kit Cope

Kash the Flash Gill

Lisa King

Gina Carano

Phil Baroni

Randy Couture

Tito Ortiz

Stephan Bonnar

Bob Sapp

Chris Marafuentes

http://www.mastertoddy.com/aboutUs/ourInstructor.htm

References

Category:American Muay Thai practitioners Category:Thai stunt performers Category:Thai Muay Thai practitioners Category:Muay Thai trainers Category:Thai taekwondo practitioners Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Bangkok Category:Thai emigrants to the United States Category:American people of Thai descent

th:ทศพร สิทธิวัจน์ wuu:托迪大师