A formal military alliance is not required for being perceived as an ally—co-belligerence, fighting alongside someone, is enough. According to this usage, allies become so not when concluding an alliance treaty but when struck by war.
When spelled with a capital "A", the word "Allies" usually denotes the countries who fought together against the Central Powers in World War I (the Allies of World War I), or those who fought against the Axis Powers in World War II (the Allies of World War II).
More recently, the term "Allied forces" has also been used to describe the Coalition of the Gulf War, as opposed to forces the Multi-National Force in Iraq which are commonly referred to as "Coalition forces" or, as by the Bush administration, "The coalition of the willing".
The Allies in World War I (also known as the Entente Powers) were initially the British Empire, France, Russia, Belgium, Serbia, Montenegro, and Japan, joined later by Italy, Portugal, Romania, the United States, Greece, and Brazil. Some, such as Russia, withdrew from the war before the Armistice due to revolution or defeat by the Central Powers.
af:Geallieerdes ar:قوات التحالف an:Aliatos de:Alliierte es:Aliados eo:Aliancanoj eu:Aliatuak fa:نیروهای متفقین fr:Alliés fy:Alliearden ga:Comhghuaillithe ko:연합국 it:Alleati ml:സഖ്യകക്ഷികള് ms:Pihak Berikat ja:連合国 pl:Alianci pt:Aliados ru:Союзник sl:Zavezniki fi:Liittoutuneet ta:நேச அணி tr:Müttefik wa:Aloyîs
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
name | 9th Wonder |
---|---|
background | non_performing_personnel |
birth name | Patrick Douthit |
alias | 9th Wonder, 9thmatic |
birth date | January 15, 1975 |
birth place | Winston-Salem, North Carolina |
instrument | Akai MPC2500, Turntables, Pro Tools, FL Studio |
genre | Hip hop |
occupation | Record producer, Record executive |
years active | 1997–present |
label | It's A Wonderful World Music Group, Jamla Records |
associated acts | Little Brother, Murs, David Banner, Buckshot }} |
9th Wonder has a smooth and soulful production style that relies on samples from artists such as Al Green and Curtis Mayfield. He attributes the bass lines that he uses in production to DJ Premier, Pete Rock and J Dilla, while he claims to have learned "Aahs" from RZA.
9th Wonder began his career as the main producer for the hip hop group Little Brother. As part of Little Brother he gained widespread recognition and critical acclaim for his production on their debut 2003 release, ''The Listening''. One suitably impressed individual was Jay-Z's studio engineer Young Guru, who contacted the young producer on behalf of his employer. The eventual meeting led to 9th Wonder producing "Threat" for Jay-Z's 2003 ''The Black Album''. The cut proved to be a mainstream breakthrough for 9th Wonder, most immediately in the major production role he secured on Destiny's Child's 2004 ''Destiny Fulfilled'' album that Jay-Z was instrumental in helping bring about. On the album, 9th produced the tracks "Girl" and "Is She the Reason," plus the bonus track "Game Over."
9th Wonder left Little Brother in 2007.
On October 29, 2007, 9th Wonder also made a rare public appearance on BET's Rap City, alongside collaborator Talib Kweli. Madlib, Jean Grae and Erykah Badu appeared as well. In 2010, he appeared on BET's 106 & Park countdown with David Banner.
9th Wonder, E. Jones, and rapper J. Cole served as the lead producers of the soundtrack to t he EA Sports video game NBA Elite 11. 9th and J. also appear as "secret characters" in NBA Jam with a team name of "Cole & Wonder."
9th Wonder debuted his rapping alter-ego, 9thmatic, in late 2009. 9thmatic appeared on songs with Khrysis & Sean Boog (The Away Team), Big Remo, Murs & Thee Tom Hardy.
Wonder worked with Mississippi rapper David Banner on a collaborative album entitled ''Death of a Pop Star'' which was released on December 21, 2010.
In July 2010, 9th Wonder officially debuted his production team for IWWMG. The Soul Council consists of Khrysis, E. Jones, Fatin "10" Horton, Ka$h Don't Make Beats, AMP & 9th himself.
In August 2010, hip-hop star Drake exchanged tweets with 9th Wonder on Twitter, expressing his desire to work with him again (the 1st time being the production of "Think Good Thoughts" featuring Phonte and Elzhi for his 2007 mixtape Comeback Season). It was confirmed in October 2010 that 9th will be producing for Drake on his second album Take Care, the follow-up to the successful Thank Me Later, currently scheduled to be released on October 24, 2011, Drake's birthday.
R&B;/pop singer Chris Brown recorded a series of rap freestyles over 9th Wonder beats. The first was released on July 18, 2011 on YouTube under the title "Real Hip Hop #3." This was followed a day later by "Real Hip Hop #4" featuring Kevin McCall. These tracks were included in Brown's rap mixtape ''Boy In Detention'', released on August 5, 2011.
His role as a music professor has proven an ongoing one as in January 2010 it was announced that 9th Wonder would co-teach a class titled "Sampling Soul" with Dr. Mark Anthony Neal at Duke University. In an interview with HitQuarters, he explained the reason for the move into academia: "Educating the youth on where hip-hop comes from and the history of it, using the records we use, gives hip-hop a longer life. I decided to become an advocate of that."
Category:American hip hop record producers Category:African American rappers Category:Southern hip hop musicians Category:North Carolina Central University alumni Category:Musicians from North Carolina Category:People from the Research Triangle, North Carolina Category:People from Winston-Salem, North Carolina Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Pseudonymous rappers Category:FL Studio users
de:9th Wonder es:9th Wonder fr:9th Wonder it:9th Wonder pl:9th Wonder fi:9th Wonder tr:9th WonderThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Name | PZ Myers |
---|---|
Birth date | March 09, 1957 |
Residence | United States |
Field | Evolutionary developmental biology |
Work institution | University of Minnesota Morris |
Known for | Pharyngula (blog) }} |
Paul Zachary "PZ" Myers (born March 9, 1957) is an American biology professor at the University of Minnesota Morris (UMM) and the author of the science blog Pharyngula. He is currently an associate professor of biology at UMM, works with zebrafish in the field of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), and also cultivates an interest in cephalopods. He has published numerous research papers in ''Nature'' and other notable scientific journals.
He is a public critic of intelligent design (ID) and of the creationist movement in general and is an activist in the American creation–evolution controversy. He is widely regarded as a confrontationalist.
In 2006, the journal ''Nature'' listed his blog, Pharyngula, as the top-ranked blog written by a scientist. Additionally, PZ Myers was the recipient of the Humanist of the Year award in 2009, and the International Humanist Award in 2011.
Asteroid 153298 Paulmyers is named in his honor.
Myers was raised as a Lutheran. Prior to his confirmation, Myers says, "I started thinking, you know, I don't believe a word of this." Now an atheist, Myers comments widely on his blog about science, education, atheism and religion.
A self-avowed "godless liberal" and outspoken atheist, he is a vocal skeptic of all forms of religion, superstition, supernaturalism, spirituality and pseudoscience. He is quoted as having "nothing but contempt" for intelligent design, arguing that it is "fundamentally dishonest."
In 2009 Myers was named the American Humanist Association's "Humanist of the Year".
According to Alexa.com, Pharyngula.org was started on June 19, 2002. It started out as an experiment in writing instruction for a class. Students were required to submit mini-essays to be published online. After the project was finished, Myers still had the web-publishing software, and started to use it himself. The blog is named after his favorite stage in embryonic development, the pharyngula stage. Pharyngula moved to hosting at ScienceBlogs, a project of Seed Magazine, in 2005.
On Pharyngula, Myers has repeatedly denounced the Discovery Institute, Answers in Genesis, and other creationist websites, as well as offering rebuttals to Intelligent Design, pointing out that its claims are pseudoscientific. Other posts on Pharyngula cover a broad variety of topics that interest Myers. These include cephalopods; science; religion (to which Myers is unequivocally opposed); local, national and international politics, particularly those involving science and/or education; superstition; and evolutionary developmental biology. Myers dismissed the Discovery Institute's petition A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism, stating that the scientists listed didn't have credentials relevant to Biology, and that the number of them was minuscule compared to the scientific community as a whole.
On his blog in 2007, Myers reviewed Stuart Pivar's book ''Lifecode'', which argues that self-organization at the embryonic and fetal stages determine the development and final structure of organisms. Myers reviewed the book negatively, stating that the diagrams and ideas in the book arose from Pivar's imagination and had no basis in actual evidence.
How his theory can be reconciled with a large body of embryological evidence that directly contradicts virtually all of it is not clear, and Pivar has chosen not to address any of it. And a book full of geometrically interesting sketches neither explains nor supports Pivar's theory.… Theories are supposed to explain observation and experiment. You don't come up with a theory first, and then invent the evidence to support it.After some discussion in the comments threads of Pharyngula, Pivar sued Myers for libel. Within a week Pivar withdrew the lawsuit, stating that "the real issue got sidelined" and that his problem was more with Seed Media Group.
In addition to articles about keeping religion out of science education, church-state separation, and complaints of misdeeds done in the name of religion, Myers continues to write about science in the disciplines of evolution, palaeontology, genetics, development, and molecular biology.
On March 20, 2008, Myers was denied entry into a screening of ''Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed'' at the Mall of America in Minneapolis. He was waiting with his family and guests to attend a private screening after having reserved seats for himself and guests under his own name using the freely available online procedure set up by the film's promoters. Shortly before the film started, a security guard told him that the producer Mark Mathis had instructed that Myers be removed from the premises. After telling his family of this Myers went to a nearby Apple store and blogged about his amusement that they had expelled him, but allowed his guest entry to see the film - British evolutionary biologist and high-profile anti-creationist and antitheist Richard Dawkins, who had also been interviewed for the film under similar circumstances. In a question and answer session at the end of the film Dawkins asked why Myers had been excluded, and later said that "if anyone had a right to see the film, it was [Myers]. The incompetence, on a public relations level, is beyond belief." The saga has been described by Dawkins as "an incredible piece of inept public relations" on the part of the film's producers.
In his July 8 blog entry, Myers criticized the reaction to Cook's act. Myers described the level of harassment including multiple death threats leveled against the student, and accusations against the student which included hate crime, kidnapping, and intent to desecrate the Eucharist which Catholics consider a mortal sin. Myers expressed outrage that Fox News Channel appeared to be inciting readers to cause further problems for the student, and ridiculed reports that armed guards would attend the next mass. Myers suggested that if any of his readers could acquire some consecrated Eucharistic hosts for him, he would treat the wafers "with profound disrespect and heinous cracker abuse, all photographed and presented here on the web."
Myers was criticized from both religious and non-religious quarters. The Catholic League accused Myers of anti-Catholic bigotry, described his proposal as a threat to desecrate what Catholics hold to be the Body of Christ, and sent a letter asking the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota State Legislature to take action against Myers. The Catholic League argued that, as the Pharyngula website was accessible via a link from the University of Minnesota's website, it should be bound by the university's code of conduct, which requires faculty to be "respectful, fair and civil" when dealing with others. Joe Foley, a member of the Board of the Secular Student Alliance, wrote on the organization's website that Myers had "crossed the line" from "playful satire" to "masturbatory condescension." Foley concluded, "if open-minded believers are willing to join us in polite dialogue, we need to be ready to welcome them with more than ridicule and pranks."
Subsequently, Myers explained to the ''Star Tribune'' that while his post was "satire and protest," he had received death threats regarding the incident but was not taking them too seriously. In a talk show featuring Myers on ''Catholic Radio International'', hosted by Jeff Gardner, Myers confirmed that he had been sent an unspecified number of consecrated hosts and said that he intended to “subject them to heinous cracker abuse.” When asked by Gardner to explain why he must do so, Myers said that Donohue of the Catholic League was insisting that he acknowledge the Body of Christ in the Eucharist. Gardner pointed out that Donohue had no authority to insist on such acknowledgment. The show host then asked Myers which individual possessing the Magisterial authority of the Catholic Church had insisted that he recognize the body of Christ in the Eucharist. Myers replied that no one from the Catholic Church had contacted him.
On July 24, 2008, Myers, in his post, "The Great Desecration," wrote that he had pierced through the "goddamned cracker" with a rusty nail, which he also used to pierce a few ripped-out pages of the Qur'an and ''The God Delusion'', and had simply thrown them all in the trash along with old coffee grounds and a banana peel. He provided a photograph of these items in the garbage, and wrote that nothing must be held sacred, encouraging people to question everything. In addition, he described the history of allegations of host desecration, emphasizing the frequent use of such allegations in medieval Europe to justify anti-Semitism. The following day, University of Minnesota, Morris (UMM) Chancellor stated: “I believe that behaviors that discriminate against or harass individuals or groups on the basis of their religious beliefs are reprehensible,” and that the school "affirms the freedom of a faculty member to speak or write as a public citizen without institutional discipline or restraint."
It was also reported that a student was asked to leave the Creation Museum after a family visiting the museum complained to staff that they saw him "laughing at the exhibits". Ken Ham however denied that the student was told to leave, claiming that a photographer who witnessed the incident was the one who was removed.
Category:1957 births Category:American atheists Category:Former Lutherans Category:American biologists Category:American bloggers Category:American skeptics Category:Christianity-related controversies Category:Atheism activists Category:Evolutionary biologists Category:Living people Category:Opposition to religion Category:People from King County, Washington Category:American people of Irish descent Category:People from Stevens County, Minnesota Category:Science activism Category:Science bloggers Category:University of Oregon alumni Category:University of Oregon faculty Category:University of Washington alumni Category:American people of Norwegian descent Category:American people of Swedish descent Category:American people of English descent
de:Paul Zachary Myers es:PZ Myers fr:PZ Myers hu:PZ Myers ja:ポール・ザカリー・マイヤーズ no:PZ Myers pl:PZ Myers se:PZ Myers fi:PZ Myers sv:PZ MyersThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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