Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
birth date	April 12, 1979
birth name	Claire Catherine Danes
birth place	Manhattan, New York, U.S.
occupation	Actress
years active	1992–present
spouse	Hugh Dancy (2009–present) }}

Claire Catherine Danes (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress of television, stage and film. She has appeared in roles as diverse as Angela Chase in ''My So-Called Life'', as Juliet in Baz Luhrmann's ''Romeo + Juliet'', as Yvaine in ''Stardust'' and as Temple Grandin in the HBO TV film ''Temple Grandin''.

Early life

Danes was born in Manhattan, New York City, New York. Her mother, Carla (b. October 12, 1945), is a day-care provider, painter, and textile designer who later served as her daughter's manager, and her father, Christopher Danes (b. May 6, 1944 in Austin, Texas), is a computer consultant and former architectural photographer. Danes has described her background as being "as WASPy as you can get"; her paternal grandfather, Gibson Andrew Danes (1910–1992 in Litchfield, Connecticut), was the dean of the art and architecture school at Yale University. She has an older brother, Asa (b. 1973).

Danes attended the Dalton School in New York City, the New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies, the Professional Performing Arts School, and the Lycée Français de Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California. In 1998, Danes went to Yale University, her father's alma mater. Director Oliver Stone wrote her letter of recommendation to Yale. After studying for two years as a psychology major, she dropped out of Yale to focus on her film career.

Television

Claire Danes got her start as a guest star on ''Law & Order'' in an episode called "Skin Deep". She also appeared in an episode of HBO's ''Lifestories: Families in Crisis'' entitled "The Coming out of Heidi Leiter". In 1994, 15-year-old Danes starred as the 15-year-old Angela Chase in the television drama series ''My So-Called Life'', for which she won a Golden Globe Award and received an Emmy nomination. The show was canceled after only 19 episodes. However, the show has developed a large cult following in the years since it was canceled.

In 2010, Danes starred in the HBO production of ''Temple Grandin'', a biopic about the eponymous autistic woman. She won the 2010 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie,the 2011 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film and the 2011 Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries award. The film was well received and Grandin herself praised Danes' performance.

Later in 2010 it was announced that Danes would be starring in a pilot for a new Showtime series called ''Homeland'' in which she plays a CIA agent who suspects a war hero of planning a terrorist attack. The pilot costars Mandy Patinkin and Damian Lewis.

Film

Following the cancellation of ''My So Called Life,'' Danes made the transition into film. She played Elizabeth "Beth" March in the 1994 film adaptation of ''Little Women'' alongside Winona Ryder, Kirsten Dunst, Samantha Mathis, Trini Alvarado, Christian Bale, Susan Sarandon, and Gabriel Byrne. She also appeared as Holly Hunter's daughter in ''Home for the Holidays'', which was directed by Jodie Foster. Danes appeared opposite French actress Jeanne Moreau, and Jude Law in 1995's ''I Love You, I Love You Not''. She then played the role of Rachel in ''To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday''.

Danes first leading role on the big screen came in 1996. She portrayed Juliet Capulet in Baz Luhrmann's 1996 film ''William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet'', co-starring Leonardo DiCaprio as Romeo Montague. Later that year, it was reported that she turned down the female lead role in ''Titanic''. Danes, however, said that while she may have been considered for the part, she was never offered the role.

In 1997, Claire Danes also worked alongside two acclaimed directors. She played abused wife Kelly Riker in ''John Grisham's The Rainmaker'' directed by Francis Ford Coppola, as well as the trashy, dim-witted Jenny in Oliver Stone's noir ''U Turn.'' In 1998, she played several very different roles: Cosette in Bille August's film adaptation of Victor Hugo's novel ''Les Misérables'', and the pregnant teenage daughter of Polish immigrants (played by Gabriel Byrne and Lena Olin) in ''Polish Wedding''. In 1999, she made her first appearance in an animated feature with the English version of ''Princess Mononoke''. That same year she played the role of Julie Barnes in the big screen adaptation of the 1970s TV show ''The Mod Squad,'' and took the lead role in ''Brokedown Palace'', alongside Kate Beckinsale and Bill Pullman. Then Danes left her career temporarily to pursue her education at Yale.

In 2002, Danes returned to the big screen. She starred alongside Susan Sarandon, Kieran Culkin, and Bill Pullman again, in ''Igby Goes Down''. Later that year co-starred as Meryl Streep's daughter in the Oscar-nominated, ''The Hours'', with Nicole Kidman, Julianne Moore, and Ed Harris. The following year, she was cast in ''Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines'', followed by ''Stage Beauty'' in 2004. She earned critical acclaim in 2005 when she starred in Steve Martin's ''Shopgirl'' alongside Martin and Jason Schwartzman, and in ''The Family Stone'' opposite Sarah Jessica Parker and Diane Keaton. In 2007, Danes appeared in the fantasy ''Stardust'', which she described as a "classic model of romantic comedy", with Charlie Cox, Michelle Pfeiffer, Robert De Niro, and Sienna Miller, the drama ''Evening,'' and appeared in ''The Flock'', opposite Richard Gere.

Theater

Danes got her start in New York City theater appearing in performances of ''Happiness'', ''Punk Ballet'', and ''Kids Onstage'' for which she choreographed her own dance.

In April 2000, she appeared off Broadway in Eve Ensler's ''The Vagina Monologues''. In November of that same year, she appeared as Emily Webb in a one night only staged reading of Thornton Wilder's ''Our Town'' at All Saint's Episcopal Church in Beverly Hills. The production was staged by Bess Armstrong who'd played the mother of Danes' character on ''My So-Called Life''. Also featured in the cast were several other ''My So-Called Life'' actors including Tom Irwin, Devon Gummersall and Paul Dooley.

In September 2005, Danes returned to New York's Performance Space 122 where she had performed as a child. She appeared in choreographer Tamar Rogoff's solo dance piece "Christina Olson: American Model" where she portrayed the subject of Andrew Wyeth's famous painting "Christina's World". Olson suffered from muscular deterioration that left her weak and partially paralyzed. "Tamar Rogoff uses her unique body-centric methodology to explore the ideas, spirit and physicality of a woman both rejected and revered." Danes was praised for her dance skills and the acting talent that she brought to the project.

In January 2007, Danes reunited with Rogoff and Rogoff's daughter and Danes' childhood friend Ariel Flavin to perform in Performance Space 122's "Edith and Jenny". In the two person dance performance, Danes and Flavin revisited their film and dance roots: "Danes and Flavin encounter their eleven year-old selves on screen, captured in their respective film debuts, Claire as Edith in Dreams of Love, and Ariel as Jenny in Coyote Mountain. Rites of passage unfold in fragments revealing the complexities of two fictional families. The lines between screen and stage, life and art, are blurred as Edith and Jenny, Danes and Flavin, form an alliance, stepping through and beyond their films and the fates of their families."

Later in 2007, Danes made her Broadway theatre debut as Eliza Doolittle in the Roundabout Theatre Company revival of George Bernard Shaw's ''Pygmalion'', directed by David Grindley at the American Airlines Theatre.

Other work

In 1997, Danes wrote an introduction to Neil Gaiman's ''Death: The Time of Your Life''.

Personal life

Danes had her first onscreen kiss in an episode of ''My So-Called Life'' before she had one in real life. She met Australian singer Ben Lee at her birthday party and they dated for almost six years, their relationship ending in 2003. She then dated her ''Stage Beauty'' and ''Princess Mononoke'' co-star Billy Crudup, which generated negative publicity due to rumors that their relationship caused the end of Crudup's relationship to then-pregnant Mary-Louise Parker. Both denied that they were involved prior to the end of Crudup's relationship with Parker. Danes' relationship with Crudup ended in December 2006. Shortly thereafter, rumors began to swirl that Danes was romantically involved with her ''Evening'' co-star Hugh Dancy. Danes confirmed on the June 27, 2007 episode of ''Late Show with David Letterman'' that she was dating Dancy. Danes and Dancy were married in a quiet ceremony in France in 2009.

Filmography

Beth March ''How to Make an American Quilt'' ''I Love You, I Love You Not'' Juliet Capulet ''Princess Mononoke'' ''Les Misérables (1998 film) ''The Mod Squad (film) ''Igby Goes Down'' ''It's All About Love'' ''Stage Beauty'' ''Shopgirl'' ''Evening (film) ''Me and Orson Welles'' ''Lifestories: Families in Crisis'' Angela Chase ''Temple Grandin (film) ''Homeland (TV series)

colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;"	Film
1994	Little Women (1994 film)>Little Women''	| Nominated — Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActressNominated — Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Most Promising ActressNominated — Young Artist Award for Best Performance by a Young Actress Co-Starring in a Motion Picture
rowspan="2">1995	|	Glady Jo Cleary
''Home for the Holidays (film)	Home for the Holidays''
rowspan="3"	1996	|	Daisy/Young Nana
''Romeo + Juliet''	| Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Actress - Romance<	London Critics Circle Film Award for Actress of the YearMTV Movie Award for Best Female PerformanceYoungStar Award for Best Performance by a Young Actress in a Drama FilmNominated — MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss (Shared with Leonardo DiCaprio)Nominated — MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo (Shared with Leonardo DiCaprio)
''To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday''
rowspan="3">1997	|	Princess Mononoke#San>San (voice)
''U Turn (1997 film)	U Turn''	Jenny
''The Rainmaker (1997 film)	The Rainmaker''
rowspan="2"	1998	Les Misérables'' ||	Cosette
''Polish Wedding''	Hala
rowspan="2"	1999	The Mod Squad'' ||	Julie Barnes
''Brokedown Palace''	Alice Marano
rowspan="2"	2002	|	Sookie Sapperstein
''The Hours (film)	The Hours''
rowspan="3"	2003	|	Elena
''The Rage In Placid Lake''	Girl at Seminar
''Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines''	Kate Brewster
2004	|	Maria
rowspan="2"	2005	|	Mirabelle Buttersfield	Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
''[[The Family Stone''	Julie Morton
rowspan="3"	2007	Evening'' ||	Young Ann
''Stardust (2007 film)	Stardust''	Yvaine
''The Flock (film)	The Flock''	Allison
2009	|	Sonja Jones
colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;"	Television
1992	''Law & Order''	Tracy Brandt
rowspan="2">1994	|	Katie Leiter	Lifestories: Families in Crisis>More Than Friends: The Coming Out of Heidi Leiter"
''My So-Called Life''	| 1994–1995 (19 episodes)Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Series DramaYoung Artist Award for Best Performance by a Youth Ensemble in a Television SeriesNominated — Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
2010	Temple Grandin'' ||	Temple Grandin	Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie>Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie Satellite Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
2011	Homeland'' ||	Carrie Anderson
Theatre
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
2000	''The Vagina Monologues''		Westside Theatre
2005	''Christina Olson: American Model''	Christina Olson	Performance Space 122
2007	''Edith and Jenny''	Edith	Performance Space 122
2007		Eliza Doolittle	American Airlines TheatreOctober 18, 2007 – December 16, 2007

References

External links

Fresh Air interview, October 26, 2005

Category:1979 births Category:Actors from New York City Category:American child actors Category:American film actors Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (television) winners Category:Dalton School alumni Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute alumni Category:Living people Category:People from Manhattan

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Stephen Michael "Steve" Reich (; born October 3, 1936) is an American composer who together with La Monte Young, Terry Riley, and Philip Glass is a pioneering composer of minimalist music. His innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns (examples are his early compositions, "It's Gonna Rain" and "Come Out"), and the use of simple, audible processes to explore musical concepts (for instance, "Pendulum Music" and "Four Organs"). These compositions, marked by their use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm and canons, have significantly influenced contemporary music, especially in the US. Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage, notably the Grammy Award-winning ''Different Trains''.

Reich's style of composition influenced many other composers and musical groups. Reich has been described, in The Guardian by music critic Andrew Clements, as one of "a handful of living composers who can legitimately claim to have altered the direction of musical history", and the critic Kyle Gann has said Reich "may...be considered, by general acclamation, America's greatest living composer." On January 25, 2007, Reich was named the 2007 recipient of the Polar Music Prize, together with jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins. On April 20, 2009, Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his ''Double Sextet''.

Career

Early life

Reich was born in New York City to the Broadway lyricist June Sillman. When he was one year old, his parents divorced, and Reich divided his time between New York and California. He was given piano lessons as a child and describes growing up with the "middle-class favorites", having no exposure to music written before 1750 or after 1900. At the age of 14 he began to study music in earnest, after hearing music from the Baroque period and earlier, as well as music of the 20th century. Reich studied drums with Roland Kohloff in order to play jazz. While attending Cornell University, he took some music courses, but he graduated in 1957 with a B.A. in Philosophy. Reich's B.A. thesis was on Ludwig Wittgenstein; later he would set texts by that philosopher to music in ''Proverb'' (1995) and ''You Are (variations)'' (2006).

For a year following graduation, Reich studied composition privately with Hall Overton before he enrolled at Juilliard to work with William Bergsma and Vincent Persichetti (1958–1961). Subsequently he attended Mills College in Oakland, California, where he studied with Luciano Berio and Darius Milhaud (1961–1963) and earned a master's degree in composition. At Mills, Reich composed ''Melodica'' for melodica and tape, which appeared in 1986 on the three-LP release ''Music from Mills''.

Reich worked with the California Tape Music Centre along with Pauline Oliveros, Ramon Sender, Morton Subotnick, and Terry Riley. He was involved with the premiere of Riley's ''In C'' and suggested the use of the eighth note pulse, which is now standard in performance of the piece.

1960s

Reich's early forays into composition involved experimentation with twelve-tone composition, but he found the rhythmic aspects of the twelve-tone series more interesting than the melodic aspects. Reich also composed film soundtracks for ''Plastic Haircut'', ''Oh Dem Watermelons'', and ''Thick Pucker'', three films by Robert Nelson. The soundtrack of ''Plastic Haircut'', composed in 1963, was a short tape collage, possibly Reich's first. The ''Watermelons'' soundtrack used two old Stephen Foster minstrel tunes as its basis, and used repeated phrasing together in a large five-part canon. The music for ''Thick Pucker'' arose from street recordings Reich made walking around San Francisco with Nelson, who filmed in black and white 16mm. This film no longer survives. A fourth film from 1965, about 25 minutes long and tentatively entitled "Thick Pucker II", was assembled by Nelson from outtakes of that shoot and more of the raw audio Reich had recorded. Nelson was not happy with the resulting film and never showed it.

Reich was influenced by fellow minimalist Terry Riley, whose work ''In C'' combines simple musical patterns, offset in time, to create a slowly shifting, cohesive whole. Reich adopted this approach to compose his first major work, ''It's Gonna Rain''. Composed in 1965, the piece used a fragment of a sermon about the end of the world given by a black Pentecostal street-preacher known as Brother Walter. Reich built on his early tape work, transferring the last three words of the fragment, "it's gonna rain!", to multiple tape loops which gradually move out of phase with one another.

The 13-minute "Come Out" (1966) uses similarly manipulated recordings of a single spoken line given by Daniel Hamm, one of the falsely accused Harlem Six, who was severely injured by police. The survivor, who had been beaten, punctured a bruise on his own body to convince police about his beating. The spoken line includes the phrase "to let the bruise’s blood come out to show them." Reich rerecorded the fragment "come out to show them" on two channels, which are initially played in unison. They quickly slip out of sync; gradually the discrepancy widens and becomes a reverberation. The two voices then split into four, looped continuously, then eight, and continues splitting until the actual words are unintelligible, leaving the listener with only the speech's rhythmic and tonal patterns.

A similar, lesser known example of process music is "Pendulum Music" (1968), which consists of the sound of several microphones swinging over the loudspeakers to which they are attached, producing feedback as they do so. "Pendulum Music" has never been recorded by Reich himself, but was introduced to rock audiences by Sonic Youth in the late 1990s.

Reich's first attempt at translating this phasing technique from recorded tape to live performance was the 1967 ''Piano Phase'', for two pianos. In ''Piano Phase'' the performers repeat a rapid twelve-note melodic figure, initially in unison. As one player keeps tempo with robotic precision, the other speeds up very slightly until the two parts line up again, but one sixteenth note apart. The second player then resumes the previous tempo. This cycle of speeding up and then locking in continues throughout the piece; the cycle comes full circle three times, the second and third cycles using shorter versions of the initial figure. ''Violin Phase'', also written in 1967, is built on these same lines. ''Piano Phase'' and ''Violin Phase'' both premiered in a series of concerts given in New York art galleries.

Reich also tried to create the phasing effect in a piece "that would need no instrument beyond the human body". He found that the idea of phasing was inappropriate for the simple ways he was experimenting to make sound. Instead, he composed ''Clapping Music'' (1972), in which the players do not phase in and out with each other, but instead one performer keeps one line of a 12-quaver-long (12-eighth-note-long) phrase and the other performer shifts by one quaver beat every 12 bars, until both performers are back in unison 144 bars later.

The 1967 prototype piece ''Slow Motion Sound'' was never performed, but the idea it introduced of slowing down a recorded sound until many times its original length without changing pitch or timbre was applied to ''Four Organs'' (1970), which deals specifically with augmentation. The piece has maracas playing a fast eighth note pulse, while the four organs stress certain eighth notes using an 11th chord. This work therefore dealt with repetition and subtle rhythmic change. It is unique in the context of Reich's other pieces in being linear as opposed to cyclic like his earlier works— the superficially similar ''Phase Patterns'', also for four organs but without maracas, is (as the name suggests) a phase piece similar to others composed during the period. ''Four Organs'' was performed as part of a Boston Symphony Orchestra program, and was Reich's first composition to be performed in a large traditional setting.

1970s

In 1971, Reich embarked on a five-week trip to study music in Ghana, during which he learned from the master drummer Gideon Alorwoyie. Reich also studied Balinese gamelan in Seattle. From his African experience, as well as A. M. Jones's ''Studies in African Music'' about the music of the Ewe people, Reich drew inspiration for his 90-minute piece ''Drumming'', which he composed shortly after his return. Composed for a nine-piece percussion ensemble with female voices and piccolo, ''Drumming'' marked the beginning of a new stage in his career, for around this time he formed his ensemble, Steve Reich and Musicians, and increasingly concentrated on composition and performance with them. Steve Reich and Musicians, which was to be the sole ensemble to interpret his works for many years, still remains active with many of its original members.

After ''Drumming'', Reich moved on from the "phase shifting" technique that he had pioneered, and began writing more elaborate pieces. He investigated other musical processes such as augmentation (the temporal lengthening of phrases and melodic fragments). It was during this period that he wrote works such as ''Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ'' (1973) and ''Six Pianos'' (1973).

In 1974, Reich began writing what many would call his seminal work, ''Music for 18 Musicians''. This piece involved many new ideas, although it also hearkened back to earlier pieces. It is based on a cycle of eleven chords introduced at the beginning (called "Pulses"), followed by a small section of music based on each chord ("Sections I-XI"), and finally a return to the original cycle ("Pulses"). This was Reich's first attempt at writing for larger ensembles. The increased number of performers resulted in more scope for psychoacoustic effects, which fascinated Reich, and he noted that he would like to "explore this idea further". Reich remarked that this one work contained more harmonic movement in the first five minutes than any other work he had written. Steve Reich and Musicians made the premier recording of this work on ECM Records.

Reich explored these ideas further in his frequently recorded pieces ''Music for a Large Ensemble'' (1978) and ''Octet'' (1979). In these two works, Reich experimented with "the human breath as the measure of musical duration … the chords played by the trumpets are written to take one comfortable breath to perform". Human voices are part of the musical palette in ''Music for a Large Ensemble'' but the wordless vocal parts simply form part of the texture (as they do in ''Drumming''). With ''Octet'' and his first orchestral piece ''Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards'' (also 1979), Reich's music showed the influence of Biblical cantillation, which he had studied in Israel since the summer of 1977. After this, the human voice singing a text would play an increasingly important role in Reich's music. In 1974 Reich published a book, ''Writings About Music'' (ISBN 0814773583), containing essays on his philosophy, aesthetics, and musical projects written between 1963 and 1974. An updated and much more extensive collection, ''Writings On Music (1965–2000)'' (ISBN 0195111710), was published in 2002.

1980s

Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage. ''Tehillim'' (1981), Hebrew for ''psalms'', is the first of Reich's works to draw explicitly on his Jewish background. The work is in four parts, and is scored for an ensemble of four women's voices (one high soprano, two lyric sopranos and one alto), piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, two clarinets, six percussion (playing small tuned tambourines without jingles, clapping, maracas, marimba, vibraphone and crotales), two electronic organs, two violins, viola, cello and double bass, with amplified voices, strings, and winds. A setting of texts from psalms 19:2–5 (19:1–4 in Christian translations), 34:13–15 (34:12–14), 18:26–27 (18:25–26), and 150:4–6, ''Tehillim'' is a departure from Reich's other work in its formal structure; the setting of texts several lines long rather than the fragments used in previous works makes melody a substantive element. Use of formal counterpoint and functional harmony also contrasts with the loosely structured minimalist works written previously.

''Different Trains'' (1988), for string quartet and tape, uses recorded speech, as in his earlier works, but this time as a melodic rather than a rhythmic element. In ''Different Trains'' Reich compares and contrasts his childhood memories of his train journeys between New York and California in 1939–1941 with the very different trains being used to transport contemporaneous European children to their deaths under Nazi rule. The Kronos Quartet recording of ''Different Trains'' was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition in 1990. The composition was described by Richard Taruskin as "the only adequate musical response—one of the few adequate artistic responses in any medium—to the Holocaust", and he credited the piece with earning Reich a place among the great composers of the 20th century.

1990s to present

In 1993, Reich collaborated with his wife, the video artist Beryl Korot, on an opera, ''The Cave'', which explores the roots of Judaism, Christianity and Islam through the words of Israelis, Palestinians, and Americans, echoed musically by the ensemble. The work, for percussion, voices, and strings, is a musical documentary, named for the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron, where a mosque now stands and Abraham is said to have been buried. The two collaborated again on the opera ''Three Tales'', which concerns the Hindenburg disaster, the testing of nuclear weapons on Bikini Atoll, and other more modern concerns, specifically Dolly the sheep, cloning, and the technological singularity.

As well as pieces using sampling techniques, like ''Three Tales'' and ''City Life'' (1994), Reich also returned to composing purely instrumental works for the concert hall, starting with ''Triple Quartet'' (1998) written for the Kronos Quartet that can either be performed by string quartet and tape, three string quartets or 36-piece string orchestra. According to Reich, the piece is influenced by Bartók's and Alfred Schnittke's string quartets, and Michael Gordon's ''Yo Shakespeare''. This series continued with ''Dance Patterns'' (2002), ''Cello Counterpoint'' (2003), and sequence of works centered around Variations: ''You Are (Variations)'' (2004) (a work which looks back to the vocal writing of works like ''Tehillim'' or ''The Desert Music''), ''Variations for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings'' (2005, for the London Sinfonietta) and ''Daniel Variations'' (2006).

Invited by Walter Fink, he was the 12th composer featured in the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Festival in 2002.

In an interview with ''The Guardian'', Reich stated that he continues to follow this direction with his piece ''Double Sextet'' (2007) commissioned by eighth blackbird, an American ensemble consisting of the instrumental quintet (flute, clarinet, violin or viola, cello and piano) of Schoenberg's piece ''Pierrot Lunaire'' (1912) plus percussion. Reich states that he was thinking about Stravinsky's ''Agon'' (1957) as a model for the instrumental writing.

Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music, on April 20, 2009, for ''Double Sextet''.

December 2010 NoneSuch and Indaba Music held a community remix contest where over 250 submissions were received, and Steve Reich and Christian Carey judged the finals. Reich spoke in a related BBC interview that once he composed a piece he would not alter it again himself "when it's done, it's done". On the other hand he acknowledged that "remixes" have an old tradition e.g. famous religious music pieces where melodies were further developed into new songs.

In May 2011, Steve Reich received an honorary doctorate from the New England Conservatory of Music.

Influence

Reich's style of composition has influenced many other composers and musical groups, including John Adams, the progressive rock band King Crimson, the new-age guitarist Michael Hedges, the art-pop and electronic musician Brian Eno, the experimental art/music group The Residents, the composers associated with the Bang on a Can festival (including David Lang, Michael Gordon, and Julia Wolfe), and numerous indie rock musicians including songwriter Sufjan Stevens and instrumental ensembles Tortoise, The Mercury Program (themselves influenced by Tortoise), So Many Dynamos, Do Make Say Think and A Silver Mt. Zion. Godspeed You! Black Emperor composed a song, unreleased, entitled "Steve Reich".

John Adams commented, "He didn't reinvent the wheel so much as he showed us a new way to ride." He has also influenced visual artists such as Bruce Nauman, and many notable choreographers have made dances to his music, Eliot Feld, Jiří Kylián, Douglas Lee and Jerome Robbins among others; he has expressed particular admiration of Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker's work set to his pieces.

In featuring a sample of Reich's ''Electric Counterpoint'' (1987) the British ambient techno act the Orb exposed a new generation of listeners to the composer's music with its 1990 production “Little Fluffy Clouds.” Further acknowledgment of Reich's influence on various electronic dance music producers came with the release in 1999 of the ''Reich Remixed'' tribute album which featured reinterpretations by artists such as DJ Spooky, Kurtis Mantronik, Ken Ishii, and Coldcut, among others.

Reich often cites Pérotin, J.S. Bach, Debussy and Stravinsky as composers he admires, whose tradition he wished as a young composer to become part of. Jazz is a major part of the formation of Reich's musical style, and two of the earliest influences on his work were vocalists Ella Fitzgerald and Alfred Deller, whose emphasis on the artistic capabilities of the voice alone with little vibrato or other alteration was an inspiration to his earliest works. John Coltrane's style, which Reich has described as "playing a lot of notes to very few harmonies", also had an impact; of particular interest was the album ''Africa/Brass'', which "was basically a half-an-hour in F." Reich's influence from jazz includes its roots, also, from the West African music he studied in his readings and visit to Ghana. Other important influences are Kenny Clarke and Miles Davis, and visual artist friends such as Sol LeWitt and Richard Serra. Reich recently contributed the introduction to ''Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture'' (The MIT Press, 2008) edited by Paul D. Miller, a.k.a. DJ Spooky.

Upcoming projects

Reich has the world premiere of a piece, WTC 9/11, written for String Quartet and Tape, a similar instrumentation to that of Different Trains. It premiered in March 2011 by the Kronos Quartet, at Duke University, North Carolina, USA. Piano Counterpoint, a piece for solo piano and tape, is being written and recorded by Vincent Corver, pianist and founder of The London Steve Reich Ensemble for premiere in 2011–12. London Sinfonietta have also commissioned a piece with working title London Counterpoint, for ensemble and tape; an ensemble playing against a recording of themselves.

Quotations

Works

Soundtrack for ''The Plastic Haircut'', tape (1963)

''Music for two or more pianos'' (1964)

''Livelihood'' (1964)

''It's Gonna Rain'', tape (1965)

Soundtrack for ''Oh Dem Watermelons'', tape (1965)

''Come Out'', tape (1966)

''Melodica'', for melodica and tape (1966)

''Reed Phase'', for soprano saxophone and tape (1966)

''Piano Phase'' for two pianos, or two marimbas (1967)

''Slow Motion Sound'' ''concept piece'' (1967)

''Violin Phase'' for violin and tape or four violins (1967)

''My Name Is'' for three tape recorders and performers (1967)

''Pendulum Music'' for 3 or 4 microphones, amplifiers and loudspeakers (1968) (revised 1973)

''Four Organs'' for four electric organs and maracas (1970)

''Phase Patterns'' for four electric organs (1970)

''Drumming'' for 4 pairs of tuned bongo drums, 3 marimbas, 3 glockenspiels, 2 female voices, whistling and piccolo (1970/1971)

''Clapping Music'' for two musicians clapping (1972)

''Music for Pieces of Wood'' for five pairs of tuned claves (1973)

''Six Pianos'' (1973) – transcribed as ''Six Marimbas'' (1986)

''Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ'' (1973)

''Music for 18 Musicians'' (1974–76)

''Music for a Large Ensemble'' (1978)

''Octet'' (1979) – withdrawn in favor of the 1983 revision for slightly larger ensemble, ''Eight Lines''

''Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards'' for orchestra (1979)

''Tehillim'' for voices and ensemble (1981)

''Vermont Counterpoint'' for amplified flute and tape (1982)

''The Desert Music'' for chorus and orchestra or voices and ensemble (1983, text by William Carlos Williams)

''Sextet'' for percussion and keyboards (1984)

''New York Counterpoint'' for amplified clarinet and tape, or 11 clarinets and bass clarinet (1985)

''Three Movements'' for orchestra (1986)

''Electric Counterpoint'' for electric guitar or amplified acoustic guitar and tape (1987, for Pat Metheny)

''The Four Sections'' for orchestra (1987)

''Different Trains'' for string quartet and tape (1988)

''The Cave'' for four voices, ensemble and video (1993, with Beryl Korot)

''Duet'' for two violins and string ensemble (1993)

''Nagoya Marimbas'' for two marimbas (1994)

''City Life'' for amplified ensemble (1995)

''Proverb'' for voices and ensemble (1995, text by Ludwig Wittgenstein)

''Triple Quartet'' for amplified string quartet (with prerecorded tape), or three string quartets, or string orchestra (1998)

''Know What Is Above You'' for four women’s voices and 2 tamborims (1999)

''Three Tales'' for video projection, five voices and ensemble (1998–2002, with Beryl Korot)

''Dance Patterns'' for 2 xylophones, 2 vibraphones and 2 pianos (2002)

''Cello Counterpoint'' for amplified cello and multichannel tape (2003)

''You Are (Variations)'' for voices and ensemble (2004)

''For Strings (with Winds and Brass)'' for orchestra (1987/2004)

''Variations for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings'' dance piece for three string quartets, four vibraphones, and two pianos (2005)

''Daniel Variations'' for four voices and ensemble (2006)

''Double Sextet'' for 2 violins, 2 cellos, 2 pianos, 2 vibraphones, 2 clarinets, 2 flutes or ensemble and pre-recorded tape (2007)

''2x5'' for 2 drum sets, 2 pianos, 4 electric guitars and 2 bass guitars (2008)

''Mallet Quartet'' for 2 marimbas and 2 vibraphones or 4 marimbas (or solo percussion and tape) (2009)

''WTC 9/11'' for String Quartet and Tape (2010)

Selected discography

''Drumming''. Steve Reich and Musicians (Two recordings: Deutsche Grammophon and Nonesuch) So Percussion (Cantaloupe)

''Music for 18 Musicians''. Steve Reich and Musicians (Two recordings: ECM and Nonesuch), Grand Valley State University New Music Ensemble (Innova), Ensemble Modern (RCA).

''Octet/Music for a Large Ensemble/Violin Phase''. Steve Reich and Musicians (ECM)

''Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards/Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ/ Six Pianos''. San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, Edo de Waart, Steve Reich & Musicians (Deutsche Grammophon)

''Tehillim/The Desert Music''. Alarm Will Sound and OSSIA, Alan Pierson (Cantaloupe)

''Different Trains/Electric Counterpoint''. Kronos Quartet, Pat Metheny (Nonesuch)

''You Are (Variations)/Cello Counterpoint''. Los Angeles Master Chorale, Grant Gershon, Maya Beiser (Nonesuch)

''Steve Reich: Works 1965-1995''. Various performers (Nonesuch).

''Daniel Variations'', with ''Variations for Vibes, Pianos and Strings''. London Sinfonietta, Grant Gershon, Alan Pierson (Nonesuch)

''Double Sextet/2x5'', Eighth Blackbird and Bang on a Can (Nonesuch)

''Piano Phase'', transcribed for guitar, Alexandre Gérard (Catapult)

''Phase to Face'', a film documentary about Steve Reich by Eric Darmon & Franck Mallet (EuroArts) DVD

Further reading

D.J. Hoek. ''Steve Reich: A Bio-Bibliography.'' Greenwood Press, 2002.

Steve Reich. ''Writings about Music.'' Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, 1974.

K. Robert Schwarz. ''Minimalists.'' Phaidon Press, 1996.

See also

Minimalist music

Steve Reich and Musicians

Notes

References

Potter, Keith (2000). ''Four Musical Minimalists: La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass. Music in the Twentieth Century series. Cambridge, UK; New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.

External links

SteveReich.com – Official Website

Boosey & Hawkes, Official Publisher: biography, works list, resources

London Steve Reich Ensemble – Official website

Music and the Holocaust – Different Trains

;Interviews

A Steve Reich Interview with Christopher Abbot

Two interviews with Steve Reich by Bruce Duffie (October, 1985 & November, 1995)

Steve Reich Interview (7/98) with Richard Kessler

Time and Motion: an interview with Steve Reich, by Robert Davidson, 1999

A Steve Reich Interview with Marc Weidenbaum, 1999

"Drumming" – Interview & analysis, selected as one of the NPR 100 most important musical works of the 20th century. Realaudio format, timing: 12:46, July, 2000

Steve Reich Interview with Jakob Buhre, August 2000

In Conversation with Steve Reich, by Molly Sheridan, June 2002

Steve Reich and Beryl Korot interviewed by David Allenby, 2002

An interview in ''The Guardian'', January 2, 2004

The Next Phase: Steve Reich talks to Richard Kessler About Redefinition and Renewal, 2004

"How Small a Thought it Takes to Fill a Whole Life" – An Interview with Not-So-Minimalist Composer Steve Reich on AdventuresInMusic.biz, 2005

A Steve Reich Interview with Hermann Kretzschmar on ''You Are (Variations)'', 2005

The beaten track, an interview with Reich, by Andrew Clements, The Guardian, October 28, 2005

An interview with Steve Reich on RTE television, National Broadcaster in Ireland, May 29, 2006

An interview with Steve Reich on musicOMH.com, October 2006

Interview: Steve Reich, by Joshua Klein, November 22, 2006.

"Steve Reich at 70" from NPR ''Fresh Air'' broadcast October 6, 2006 includes interview about "It's Gonna Rain", "Drumming", and "Tehillim" that first aired in 1999 and another on "Different Trains" from 1989 (Realaudio format, timing: 39:25)

"Video Interview (Feb. 2006)", Cité de la musique, Paris, France

"Two Arts Beating As One" – Interviews with Steve Reich and his wife Beryl Korot with video and audio clips, May 2009

;Listening

Steve Reich at UC Berkeley University Museum (November 7, 1970) Streaming audio

Steve Reich at the Whitney "October 15, 2006" MP3

Reich speaks about Daniel Variations for the South Bank Show

;Others

Classical Music Pages: Steve Reich biography

''A Description/documentary of Steve Reich'' from Duke University, includes sound samples and quotes

EST: ''Steve Reich'' by Roger Sutherland

Music as a Gradual Process by Steve Reich

Steve Reich: You Are (Variations) premiere in LA (October 2004)

New York Fetes Composer Steve Reich at 70 from NPR

Fascinating rhythm. Celebrating Steve Reich. Article by Alex Ross from The New Yorker.

Steve Reich & Sonny Rollins winners of the Polar Music Prize for 2007 Press release of Polar Prize announcement

Category:20th-century classical composers Category:21st-century classical composers Category:Postmodern composers Category:Minimalist composers Category:Opera composers Category:Nonesuch Records artists Category:Grammy Award winners Category:ECM artists Category:Pulitzer Prize winners Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters Category:Juilliard School alumni Category:Cornell University alumni Category:1936 births Category:Living people Category:Guggenheim Fellows

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Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
name	Tokio Hotel
background	group_or_band
origin	Magdeburg, Germany
years active	2001–present
genre	Alternative rock, electronic rock, pop rock, teen pop emo, pop punk (early)
label	Universal Music GermanyCherrytree, Interscope (US)
website	www.tokiohotel.com
current members	Bill KaulitzTom Kaulitz Georg ListingGustav Schäfer
past members	}}

Tokio Hotel is a pop rock band from Germany, founded in 2001 by singer Bill Kaulitz, guitarist Tom Kaulitz, drummer Gustav Schäfer and bassist Georg Listing. The quartet have scored four number one singles and have released three number one albums in their native country, selling nearly 5 million CDs and DVDs there. After recording an unreleased demo-CD under the name "Devilish" and having their contract with Sony BMG Germany terminated, the band released their first German-language album, ''Schrei'', as Tokio Hotel on Universal Music Germany in 2005. ''Schrei'' sold more than half a million copies worldwide and spawned four top five singles in both Germany and Austria. In 2007, the band released their second German album ''Zimmer 483'' and their first English album ''Scream'' which have combined album sales of over one million copies worldwide and helped win the band their first MTV Europe Music Award for Best InterAct. The former, ''Zimmer 483'', spawned three top five singles in Germany while the latter, ''Scream'', spawned two singles that reached the top twenty in new territories such as France, Portugal, Spain and Italy. In September 2008, they won in the US their first MTV Video Music Award (VMA) for Best New Artist. In October 2008, they won four awards including Best International Artist and Song of the year at Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica (MTV Video Music Awards Latin America) held in Mexico. Tokio Hotel became the first German band ever to win an award at the MTV VMAs and also at the MTV Latin America Awards. They also picked up the Headliner award at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2008 held in Liverpool on November 6, 2008 and the Award for Best Group on November 5, 2009 at the MTV Europe Music Award (EMA) held in Berlin. They won an Award for Best World Stage Performance on November 7, 2010 at the MTV Europe Music Awards in Madrid. In July 2011, they became the first German band to win an MTV Video Music Awards Japan (VMAJ).

History

Founding

Tokio Hotel by vocalist Bill Kaulitz and guitarist Tom Kaulitz, who are identical twin brothers, drummer Gustav Schäfer and bass-guitarist Georg Listing. The four met in 2001 after a live show in a Magdeburg-Club, where Listing and Schäfer, who knew each other from music school, watched from the audience while Bill and Tom Kaulitz played on the stage. Under the name Devilish, the band soon began playing in talent shows and small concerts. After Bill Kaulitz's participation in a children's Star Search in 2003 at age thirteen (which he lost in the quarter-final), he was discovered by music producer Peter Hoffmann. Devilish changed their name to Tokio Hotel: "Tokio", the German spelling of the Japanese city Tokyo, due to a love of the city, and "Hotel" due to their constant touring and living in hotels. In 2006, a third and fourth single, "Rette mich" ("Rescue Me") and "Der letzte Tag" ("The Final Day"), were released; both reached #1 as well. "Der letzte Tag" contained a B-side called "Wir schließen uns ein", which was also accompanied by a music video.

''Zimmer 483''

The first single off their second album ''Zimmer 483'' (''Room 483''), called "Übers Ende der Welt" (later re-released in English under the name "Ready, Set, Go!"), was released on January 26, 2007 and quickly reached #1 in Germany and Austria, and #2 in France. ''Zimmer 483'' was released in Germany on February 23, 2007, along with a deluxe edition of the album containing a DVD. The album's second single, "Spring nicht" ("Don't Jump") was released on April 7. The tour accompanying the release of the album, The Zimmer 483 Tour, was scheduled to start in March 2007, but was delayed by two weeks because the band members wished to have a different stage design. A third single, "An deiner Seite (Ich bin da)" ("By Your Side"), was released on November 16. The single contains the B-side "1000 Meere" ("1000 Oceans"), for which a music video was also produced. On April 28, 2008 Tokio Hotel released their single "Heilig" but no music video for the single was released, because of the tight schedule they had.

''Scream''

Tokio Hotel's first English language album, ''Scream'', was released on June 4, 2007 throughout Europe. In Germany, the album was released as ''Room 483'' in order to emphasize the continuity with their last German album ''Zimmer 483''. ''Scream'' contains English versions of a selection of songs from their German-language albums ''Scream'' and ''Zimmer 483''. "Monsoon", the English-language version of "Durch den Monsun", was the first single from the album. "Ready, Set, Go!" (the translation of "Übers Ende der Welt") was released as the album's second single and "Don't Jump" (the translation of "Spring nicht") as the third single. A video for "Scream", the English-language version of their 2005 hit "Schrei", was also recorded, and was released to the iTunes Store in early March 2008.

Tokio Hotel gave their first concert in the United Kingdom on June 19, 2007. "Ready, Set, Go!" was released in the UK as the band's first single on August 27, 2007. The song reached #77 in the UK Singles Chart.

Tokio Hotel won an MTV Europe Music Award for Best InterAct on November 1, 2007 and were also nominated for Best Band. They performed "Monsoon" at the event.

Tokio Hotel released their first US single, simply called "Tokio Hotel", in late 2007. The single contains the tracks "Scream" and "Ready, Set, Go!", and was available exclusively at Hot Topic stores. Their second US single, "Scream America", was released on December 11, 2007. The single contains the track "Scream" and a remix of "Ready, Set, Go!" by AFI's Jade Puget. In February 2008, the band toured North America for five dates starting in Canada and finishing up in New York. After appearing and performing live on MuchMusic, while touring in Canada, "Ready, Set, Go!" entered the MuchOnDemand Daily 10, a countdown of videos chosen by viewers. It remained there for over a week, then returned to the top of the MOD Daily 10 chart on April 8. "Scream" was released in Canada on March 25 and in the US on May. 6

1000 Hotels Tour

The "1000 Hotels" European Tour began on March 3, 2008 in Brussels and continued to locations including The Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Scandinavia, and was scheduled to finish on April 9; during the concert in Marseille, France on March 14, Bill started to experience vocal problems. He let the audience sing more frequently than normal and instead of the original 21 songs that were on the set list, they only played 16 songs. Bill apologized, in German, for his bad singing and explained that he was sick. Two days later, the band canceled Lisbon, Portugal concert minutes before it was supposed to commence. The rest of the "1000 Hotels" Tour and a scheduled North American Tour were cancelled following an announcement in Bild by the band's manager that Bill Kaulitz had to undergo surgery to remove a cyst on his vocal cords.

Bill Kaulitz had been putting strain on his voice after playing 43 concerts in the 1000 Hotels tour without vacation. He had to undergo Larynx surgery on March 30 to remove a cyst that had formed on his vocal cords. The cyst was the result of a throat infection that went untreated. Following his surgery, Bill was unable to speak for twelve days, and had four weeks of vocal rehabilitation. If Bill had continued singing the rest of the tour, his voice would have eventually been permanently damaged. Tokio Hotel started performing again in May 2008 and after that they embarked on a 2nd part of their 1000 Hotels European Tour adding many Open Air concerts and wrapping up the tour on July 13 in Werchter, Belgium.

North American Tours and ''Humanoid''

Tokio Hotel embarked on a second tour of North America in August 2008, which included a performance at the Bamboozled festival in New Jersey. The band's music video for "Ready Set Go!" was nominated for Best Pop Video at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, where they also won the award for Best New Artist. They returned to North America again in October 2008 for a month long tour of concerts and record store signings. In December 2008, a behind-the scenes DVD called ''Tokio Hotel TV – Caught on Camera'' was released. It contains footage from Tokio Hotel TV and backstage feature stories of the previous year on disc one entitled "History – The very best of Tokio Hotel TV!". A deluxe edition contains a second disc entitled "Future – The road to the new Album!" which features footage of the band on promotion tours and preparing for their third studio album.

In between the North American tours, the band returned to their record studio in Hamburg to record their third studio album, ''Humanoid'', which, according to their producer David Jost, is currently set for release on October 2 in Germany & October 6, 2009 in the U.S. This is despite earlier statements predicting a March/April 2009 release or a May/June 2009 release. The album was recorded in both German and English with both versions were released simultaneously worldwide. Nevertheless, the video for the single was released on September 3.

On November 2, it was announced on Tom's Blog that the second English single would be "World Behind My Wall" and its German counterpart, "Lass uns laufen", would be the second German single. The music videos for both versions were released on December 14 and December 15.

On June 24, the live music video for their single, "Dark Side of the Sun" was released on the band website.

On July 20, 2010 they released their second live album Humanoid City Live from Milan, Italy On November 22, 2010, their new song "Hurricanes and Suns," premiered on the Greek radio station Mad Radio. It was included in the bonus track on all versions of "Tokio Hotel: Best Of," a compilation album of their most successful songs. As well as the single for the 'Best of' release. The album will also include "Mädchen aus dem All", the first song the band recorded in a studio.

On December 14, 2010 their 'Best of' was released. December 2 was the World Premiere of the video for "Hurricanes and Suns" on their Official Website. On April 28, 2011 they received the "Fan Army FTW" award at the MTV O Music Awards, the networks first online award show. A clip of Bill and Tom thanking their fans was played after the winner was announced.

Asian performances

Tokio Hotel performed their first concert in Asia (excluding their concert in Israel) at the Audi Showcase in Singapore, followed shortly by the TM Connects With Tokio Hotel event in Malaysia, promoting the sales of their album Humanoid. They concluded the series of mini-concerts with Taiwan. They returned to Malaysia a couple of months later to perform at MTV World Stage Live in Malaysia 2010. They performed in Tokyo on December 15, 2010, after their South American Tour concluded in Distrito Federal, Mexico on December 2, 2010. In February, 2011 Tokio Hotel travelled to Japan to complete a second promo tour. A number of TV appearances and media interviews took place between February 8 and February 11.

On June 24, 2011 Tokio Hotel performed in Japan at “The Next Premium Night Tokio Hotel in Tokyo". The event was presented by Audi A1 and 150 fans were chosen to win tickets to attend the show. The event was the bands first acoustic performance in Japan. On June 25, 2011 the band performed live at the MTV Video Music Aid Japan in Tokyo. The show, which was formerly called the Video Music Awards Japan, was used as a music benefit to raise money for the Japanese Red Cross in order to help those who were affected by the recent earthquake.

Modeling and commercials

On January 19, 2010, lead singer Bill Kaulitz teamed up with twins Dean and Dan Caten of DSquared to walk the runway at a fashion event in Milan. Kaulitz made two appearances, as he opened and closed DSquared's Menswear Autumn/Winter 2010 show to Tokio Hotel song "Screamin".

Car maker Audi hired the two frontmen to star in their new advertising campaign to attract the younger generation. They were featured in an episode of Tokio Hotel TV (on Tokio Hotel's website) and also in a commercial.

On August 4, 2010, Tom Kaulitz got his own Reebok shoe commercial. Reebok signed the 20-year-old Tokio Hotel guitarist and sneaker addict to model shoes for the company. "At home, I created a little room like a little storage room," he said of his sneakers. He also said that he gets 10 new pairs a week. That's 520 sneakers a year.

Band members

Bill Kaulitz

Bill Kaulitz was born on September 1, 1989, in Leipzig ten minutes after his identical twin brother, Tom.

Tom Kaulitz

Tom Kaulitz (born 1 September 1989 in Leipzig, German Democratic Republic) is a German guitarist singer, songwriter and model from Tokio Hotel. He is the twin brother of Bill Kaulitz, and Tom was born 10 minutes before Bill.

Early life

Tom Kaulitz was born 1 September 1989 in Leipzig. His parents, Simone and Jörg Kaulitz, separated when Kaulitz and his brother were seven years old.His mother began dating Gordon Trumper, and married him in August 2009. Tom's guitar playing and his brother's singing showed their natural aptitude for music, and gave an early indication of their possibility of fame. Trumper helped the twins to start their own band. He and Bill began writing music at the age of seven years old. Due to their great desire to create a band, his twin brother Bill entered and became renowned on the reality TV talent show "Star Search." They met Georg Listing (then 14) and Gustav Schäfer (then 13), in the audience of one of their shows. Listing and Schäfer were friends and after the show, having liked what they heard and saw, made an offer to join. The band was promptly re-named "Devilish" due to an article published at the time that referred to their "devilishly great"[citation needed] sound. This continued until 2005 when Jost arranged a meeting between the band and Universal Music Group's Interscope Records and Tokio Hotel was signed. They began working immediately, releasing their debut LP Schrei ("Scream") later that year. Their first single from the album Schrei was "Durch den Monsun" ("Through The Monsoon"), which reached #1 in Germany within a month of its release. He then continued his dream with 3 members of the group.

Stalking incident

More trouble came for Kaulitz when in late 2008/early 2009 several female stalkers pursued the band relentlessly, even following his twin brother Bill Kaulitz to his parents' home in Germany and attacked the twins' mother. The issue seemed to end after Tom allegedly hit one of the stalkers at a gas station in April 2009 and drove off. However, a recent article in Bild stated that the issue had resurfaced and that Tom Kaulitz may stand trial for assault. In late December 2009, the charges against Tom were lifted and he is pressing charges himself — against the girl he allegedly hit — on grounds of stalking.

Personal life

Tom Kaulitz and his identical twin brother, Bill, used to live in Hamburg but have recently moved to Los Angeles in response to an incident involving stalkers and a robbery. They have also stated that it is easier for them to work on their new album, as it is closer to their manager David Jost. They are currently living in Los Angeles but also have a second home in Hamburg. Tom and Bill, have modeled for a PETA.de photoshoot. He models for Reebok for sneakers and shoes. Tom is friends with Nicole Scherzinger. Tom prefers to listen to hip-hop music. His favorite rapper is Samy Deluxe. As of September 2007, Tom uses Gibson guitars and Mesa/Boogie Rectifier Heads with Mesa Boogie Rectifier 4x12 cabinets. Tom currently has his hair in cornrows, which he had done in early 2009. Tom had allegedly been dating Chantelle Paige after the stalker incident, but later it was said that they had been going out to better publicise Tom and his band, as well as Chantelle’s band, Flipsyde. In an interview with her, Chantelle had said : "I think Tom is quite nice, actually he is my dream boy. But my friends have warned me about him".

Georg Listing

Georg (Moritz Hagen) Listing was born on March 31, 1987. His hometown is Halle. He began playing bass when he was thirteen years old, He has said that his playing style was heavily influenced by Flea of Red Hot Chili Peppers, and other musical influences include Die Ärzte and Oasis.

Awards

Since the release of the "Durch den Monsun" single in 2005, Tokio Hotel have gone on to win 102 awards in various categories and countries.

;2005

! Category	!Award	! Date
Best Newcomer	Comet Awards (Germany)	October 6
Super Comet	Comet Awards (Germany)	October 6
Best Newcomer	Eins Live Krone	November 24
Best Pop National Act	Bambi Awards	December 1
Best Single	Golden Penguin (Austria)	...2005
Best Pop	Golden Penguin (Austria)	...2005
Rock Band 2005	Golden Penguin (Austria)	...2005

;2006

! Category	! Award	! Date
Album of the year	Golden Penguin (Austria)	February 8
Band of the year	Golden Penguin (Austria)	February 8
Song of the year – ‘Der Letzte Tag’	Golden Penguin (Austria)	February 8
Best Newcomer	Golden Penguin (Austria)	February 8
Ausverkaufte Tourhalle	Sold-out-Award of Königpilsener Arena	March 11
Best Newcomer		March 12
Best Newcomer	Steiger Awards	March 25
Pop National	Radio Regenbogen (Germany)	March 31
SuperBand Rock – Golden Otto	Bravo Otto	May 6
Music Award	Bild OSGAR	May 22
Best Newcomer International	Popcorn Awards (Hungary)	May 26
Best Newcomer	Bravo Otto (Hungary)	June 24
Best International Band	Bravo Otto (Hungary)	June 24
Best Newcomer Band	Popkomm Bavarian Music Lion	September 21
Best German Pop Band	Goldene Stimmgabel	September 24
Best Selling German Artist	World Music Awards	November 15
Best Pop National Act	Bambi Awards	November 30
Best Live Act	Eins Live Krone	December 7
Best Rock band	MTV France

;2007

! Category	! Award	! Date
Single of the Year – Durch Den Monsun	Golden Penguin
Best Selling German Act – Album Schrei	European Border Breakers Award	January 21
European Border Breakers Award	NRJ Awards	January 21
Rock Award	BZ-Kulturpreis	January 23
Best Video National	ECHO Awards (Germany)	March 25
SuperBand Rock – Golden otto	Bravo Otto	April 28
Best Video	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 3
Best Band	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 3
Supercomet	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 3
Best Band	Jabra Music	July 2007
Digital prize	Festivalbar (Italy)	September 7
Most Successful Group Rock International	Goldene Stimmgabel	September 22
Most Successful Popgroup International	Goldene Stimmgabel Awards	October 3
Best Album	TMF Awards (Belgium)	October 14
Best Video	TMF Awards (Belgium)	October 14
Best New Artist	TMF Awards (Belgium)	October 14
Best Pop	TMF Awards (Belgium)	October 14
Best International Act	MTV Europe Music Awards (Germany)	November 1
Best band of the Year	MTV Italy Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award	December 1

;2008

! Category	! Award	! Date
Band of the Year 2007	Golden Penguin (Austria)	January
Best International Band	Rockbjörnen Award (Sweden)	January 24
Best Music National	Goldene Kamera (Germany)	February 6
Best Music Video	Echo Awards (Germany)	February 15
Best International Artist	Emma Gala Awards (Finland)	March 8
Best International Group	Disney Channel Kids Award (Italy)	March 28
Best Concert	Hitkrant (Netherlands)	May 2008
Best Mood Song – Monsoon	Hitkrant (Netherlands)	May 2008
Song that Satys in your Head – Monsoon	Hitkrant (Netherlands)	May 2008
Superband Rock – Silver Otto	Bravo Otto	May 3
Best Band	MTV TRL Awards (Italy)	May 17
Best Number 1 of the Year with Monsoon	MTV TRL Awards (Italy)	May 17
Best Band	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 23
Best Video – An Deiner Seite	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 23
Best Live Act	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 23
Super Comet	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 23
Best New Artist	MTV VMA Music Awards (USA)	September 7
Fan Choice Best Entrance	MTV VMA Music Awards (USA)	September 7
Best Male Artist International (Bill Kaulitz)	TMF Awards (Belgium)	October 11
Best Video International – Don't Jump	TMF Awards	MTV Europe Music Awards (Germany)	November 5
Best International Rock Band	Telehit Awards (Mexico)	November 12

;2010

! Category	!Award	! Date
Band of the Year	Golden Penguin (Austria)	January 29
Album of the Year	Golden Penguin (Austria)	January 29
Band of the Year	Bravoora Awards (Poland)	February 1
Best International Artist	Emma Gala Awards (Finland)	February 4
Walk of Fame	König-Pilsener Arena (Germany)	February 26
Best International Band	Radio Regenbogen Awards (Germany)	March 19
Favorite Music Star	Kids Choice Awards 2010 (Germany)	April 10
Best Live Act	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 21
Foreign Song of the Year - World Behind My Wall	Rockbjörnen Award (Sweden)	September 1
Concert of the Year	Rockbjörnen Award (Sweden)	September 1
Best World Stage Performance	MTV Europe Music Awards (Spain)	November 7
Best Band National	CMA Awards (Germany)	December 12
Best Single National - World Behind My Wall	CMA Awards (Germany)	December 12

;2011

! Category	!Award	! Date
Band of the Year	Bravoora Awards (Poland)	March
Star of the 20th Anniversary		March
Best Fan Army (Fan Army FTW)	MTV O Music Awards (USA)	April 28
Best Rock Video	MTV Video Music Awards Japan	July 2

References

External links

Official site

Official Youtube channel

Interscope records profile

Tokio Hotel on MTV

Category:German musical groups Category:German rock music groups Category:German pop music groups Category:German-language singers Category:English-language singers Category:People from Leipzig Category:Musical groups established in 2001 Category:Pop rock groups

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Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
Birth name	Kevin Patrick Smith
Birth date	August 02, 1970
Birth place	Red Bank, New Jersey, United States
Occupation	Director, Screenwriter, Producer, Actor, Comedian, Author, Podcaster
Years active	1994–present
Spouse	Jennifer Schwalbach Smith (1999–present) }}

Kevin Patrick Smith (born August 2, 1970) is an American screenwriter, actor, film producer, and director, as well as a popular comic book writer, author, comedian/raconteur, and internet radio personality best recognized by viewers as Silent Bob. His films include ''Clerks'', ''Chasing Amy'', ''Dogma'',''Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back'', ''Zack and Miri Make a Porno'', ''Cop Out'', and the horror film ''Red State''. His first several films were mostly set in his home state of New Jersey, and while not strictly sequential, they frequently feature crossover plot elements, character references, and a shared canon in what is known by fans as the "View Askewniverse", named after his production company View Askew Productions, which he co-founded with Scott Mosier.

He is also the owner of Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash comic book and novelty store in Red Bank, New Jersey. He hosts a weekly podcast with Scott Mosier known as SModcast. Smith is well-known for participating in long, humorous Q&A; sessions that are often filmed for DVD release, beginning with ''An Evening with Kevin Smith''.

Early life

Kevin Smith was born in Red Bank, New Jersey, the son of Grace, a homemaker, and Donald E. Smith (1936–2003), a postal worker. He has an older sister, Virginia, and an older brother, Donald Smith, Jr. He was raised in an Irish Catholic household and attended Henry Hudson Regional High School in Highlands.

After high school, he met Jason Mewes, who would later become a recurring actor in his films. He then attended The New School and the Vancouver Film School, where he met Scott Mosier, his producer for almost every movie he has made. He majored in film, but dropped out of school halfway through his studies, electing to take a partial tuition reimbursement in order to help finance his first film.

Career

As a filmmaker

In an interview with Robert K. Elder for ''The Film That Changed My Life'', Smith attributes the film ''Slacker'' as his main inspiration to becoming a director.

It was the movie that got me off my ass; it was the movie that lit a fire under me, the movie that made me think, “Hey, I could be a filmmaker.” And I had never seen a movie like that before ever in my life.

His first film, ''Clerks'', was shot for the sum total of $27,575 in the exact same convenience store where Smith worked. It went to the Sundance Film Festival in 1994, where it won the Filmmaker's Trophy and was picked up by Miramax before the festival's end. In May 1994, it went to the Cannes International Film Festival where it won both the Prix de la Jeunesse and the International Critics' Week Prize. Released in November 1994 in two cities, the film went on to play in 50 markets, never playing on more than fifty screens at any given time. Despite the limited release, it was a critical and financial success, earning $3.1 million. Initially, the film received an NC-17 rating from the MPAA, solely for the graphic language. Miramax hired Alan Dershowitz to defend the film, and at an appeals screening, a jury consisting of members of the National Association of Theater Owners reversed the MPAA's decision, and the film was given an R rating instead.

Smith's second film, ''Mallrats'', did not fare as well as ''Clerks''. It received a critical drubbing and earned merely $2.2 million at the box office, despite playing on more than 500 screens. The film marked Jason Lee's debut as a leading man. While it later found its audience on home video, Smith has said of the movie "It was a six million dollar casting call for ''Chasing Amy'".

Widely hailed as one of Smith's best films, ''Chasing Amy'' marked what Quentin Tarantino called "a quantum leap forward" for Smith. Starring ''Mallrats'' alumni Jason Lee, Joey Lauren Adams and Ben Affleck, the $250,000 film earned $12 million at the box office and wound up on a number of critics' year-end best lists, and won two Independent Spirit Awards (screenplay and supporting actor for Lee).

In 1996, Smith worked on a script for a Superman movie. He did a couple of drafts but his script was dropped when Tim Burton was hired to direct. Burton brought his own people to work on the project. Smith still sees the whole experience on working on the Superman project as a positive one however; he has said that he was well paid and it was a lot of fun. In the end, neither Smith's nor Burton's vision for Superman was filmed. In the 2007 Direct-to-DVD animation release of ''Superman: Doomsday'', Smith has a cameo as an onlooker in a crowd. After Superman defeats The Toyman's giant mechanical robot, Smith scoffs, "Yeah, like we really needed him to defeat that giant spider. Heh. ''Lame!''" This was a reference to a giant spider that producer Jon Peters of the Superman movie wanted Smith to put in the movie when he was attached, that was later put into another movie tied to Peters called ''Wild Wild West''.

In 1997, Smith was hired by New Line to rewrite ''Overnight Delivery'', which was expected to be a blockbuster teen movie. Smith's then-girlfriend Joey Lauren Adams almost took the role of Ivy in the movie, instead of the female lead in ''Chasing Amy''. Eventually she lost out to Reese Witherspoon, and ''Overnight Delivery'' was quietly released directly to video in April 1998. Kevin Smith's involvement with the film was revealed on-line, but he remains uncredited. He has said that the only scene which really used his dialogue was the opening scene, which includes a reference to long-time Smith friend Bryan Johnson.

Smith's fourth film, ''Dogma'', featured an all-star cast and found itself mired in controversy. The religious-themed 1999 comedy, which starred a post-''Good Will Hunting'' Ben Affleck and Matt Damon, as well as Chris Rock, Salma Hayek, George Carlin, Alan Rickman, Linda Fiorentino, and Smith regulars Jason Lee and Jason Mewes, raised the ire of the Catholic League due largely to a reference about the Virgin Mary having post-Jesus intercourse with her husband, Joseph. Smith received over 10,000 pieces of protest/hate mail (some of which were showcased on the film's official website) and three death threats.

The film debuted at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, out of competition. Released on 800 screens in November 1999, the $10 million film earned $30 million.

After the controversy surrounding ''Dogma'', Smith said he wanted to make a movie that could not be attacked for its content. Focusing the spotlight on two characters who'd appeared in supporting roles in his previous four films, ''Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back'' featured an all-star cast, with many familiar faces returning from Smith's first four films. Ben Affleck and Matt Damon appear as themselves filming a mock sequel to ''Good Will Hunting''. The $20 million film earned $30 million at the box office and received mixed reviews from the critics. It was meant to be the film that closed the book on the "Askewniverse" – the New Jersey-based, interconnected quintet of movies written and directed by Smith.

In 2004, Smith wrote a screenplay for a new film version of ''The Green Hornet'', and announced prematurely that he had originally intended to direct as well. The project, however died after the film was placed into turn around following the poor box office of ''Jersey Girl''. Smith's screenplay was turned into a ''Green Hornet'' comic book miniseries.

''Jersey Girl'' with Ben Affleck, Liv Tyler, George Carlin and Raquel Castro was meant to mark a new direction in Smith's career. However, the film took a critical beating as it was seen as a post-''Gigli'' vehicle for Affleck and his then-girlfriend, Jennifer Lopez, who also appeared in this movie. Budgeted at $35 million, it earned only $25 million.

In the 2006 sequel, ''Clerks II'', Smith revisited the Dante and Randal characters from his first film for what was his final visit to the View Askewniverse. Roundly criticized before its release, the film went on to win favorable reviews as well as two awards (the Audience Award at the Edinburgh Film Festival and the Orbit Dirtiest Mouth Award at the MTV Movie Awards). It marked Smith's third trip to the Cannes International Film Festival, where ''Clerks II'' received an eight minute standing ovation. The $5 million film, starring Jeff Anderson, Brian O'Halloran, Rosario Dawson, Jason Mewes, Jennifer Schwalbach and Smith himself – reprising his role as Silent Bob – earned $25 million.

That same year, Smith was featured in ''This Film is Not Yet Rated'', a 2006 documentary about the Motion Picture Association of America process of rating films. Smith's interview was in reference to ''Jersey Girl'' receiving an R rating, and ''Clerks'' originally receiving an NC-17 rating.

''Zack and Miri Make a Porno'' was originally announced in March 2006 as Smith's second non-Askewniverse comedy. The film, which began shooting on January 18, 2008 in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, and wrapped on March 15, 2008, stars Seth Rogen and Elizabeth Banks as the title characters who decide to make a low-budget pornographic film to solve their money problems. The film, which was released on October 31, 2008, ran into many conflicts getting an "R" rating, with Rogen stating: Smith took the film through the MPAA's appeals process and received the R rating, without having to make any further edits. ''Zack and Miri Make a Porno'' was considered a box office "flop" in part because of "tepid media advertising for a movie with the title PORNO", and, in the aftermath of the film's "flaccid" performance, the business relationship between Smith and producer Harvey Weinstein became "frayed".

It was announced in 2009 that Smith had signed on to direct a buddy-cop comedy starring Bruce Willis and Tracy Morgan called ''A Couple of Dicks'' and written by the Cullen Brothers. Due to controversy surrounding the original title, it was changed to ''A Couple of Cops'', before reverting back its original title, ''A Couple of Dicks'', due to negative reaction, before finally settling on the title ''Cop Out''. The film, which was shot between June and August 2009, involved a pair of veteran cops tracking down a stolen vintage baseball card, and was released on February 26, 2010 to poor reviews; it was the first film that Smith has directed but not written.

In September 2010, Smith started work on ''Red State'', an independently-financed horror film inspired by the Westboro Baptist Church and their Pastor Fred Phelps. In February 2010, he talked about his project with Cinssu, Film producers and moguls Bob and Harvey Weinstein who had thus far been involved in the distribution of most of Smith's films, with the exception of ''Mallrats'' and ''Cop Out'', declined to support ''Red State''. The film stars Michael Parks, John Goodman, Melissa Leo and Stephen Root. Smith had indicated that he would auction off rights to the $4 million film at a controversial event following the debut screening of the film at Sundance but instead, kept the rights to the film himself with plans to self-distribute the picture "under the Smodcast Pictures Banner" on a national tour in select cities before officially releasing the movie on October 19, 2011. Kevin Smith listed Mel Gibson as a role-model he looked up to, and his inspiration, for how he planned to distribute this movie, citing Gibson's ''The Passion of the Christ'' as an example of a successfully self-distributed movie. The film was released in January 2011. The premiere drew protests from a half-dozen members of the church, along with many more who counter-protested Westboro members. Smith embarked on a nationwide tour with the film.

Smith will direct a hockey drama-comedy based on the song "Hit Somebody (The Hockey Song)" by Warren Zevon. The song, which is about a hockey player famous for fighting on the rink, was co-written by ''Tuesdays With Morrie'' author Mitch Albom, who is working with Smith on the film. Smith announced that Nicholas Braun had been cast in the lead role of Buddy McCracken. Although Smith had previously mentioned other projects he had planned, he announced at the Sundance premiere of ''Red State'' that ''Hit Somebody'' will be the last movie he ever directs, and that he will continue to tell stories in other media.

Comics and magazines

Smith has been a regular contributor to ''Arena'' magazine. In 2005, Miramax Books released Smith's first book, ''Silent Bob Speaks'', a collection of previously published essays (most from ''Arena'') dissecting pop culture, the movie business, and Smith's personal life. His second book, ''My Boring-Ass Life: The Uncomfortably Candid Diary of Kevin Smith'', published by Titan Books, was another collection of previously published essays (this time blogs from Smith's website www.silentbobspeaks.com) and reached #32 on the ''New York Times'' Best Sellers List. Titan released Smith's third book ''Shootin' the Sh*t with Kevin Smith: The Best of the SModcast'' on September 29, 2009.

A life-long comic book fan, Smith's early forays into comic books dealt with previously established View Askew characters, and were published by Oni Press. He wrote a short Jay and Silent Bob story about Walt Flanagan's dog in ''Oni Double Feature'' #1, and followed it with a Bluntman and Chronic story in ''Oni Double Feature'' #12. He followed these with a series of ''Clerks'' comics. The first was simply ''Clerks: The Comic Book'', which told of Randal's attempts to corner the market on ''Star Wars'' toys. The second was ''Clerks: Holiday Special'', where Dante and Randal discover that Santa Claus lives in an apartment between the Quick Stop and RST Video. Third was ''Clerks: The Lost Scene'', showing what happened inside Poston's Funeral Parlor. This story was later animated in the TV series style and included as an extra on the 10th Anniversary ''Clerks'' DVD.

Smith then wrote the mini-series ''Chasing Dogma'', which tells the story of Jay and Silent Bob between the films ''Chasing Amy'' and ''Dogma''. He has also written the trade paperback ''Bluntman and Chronic'', published by Image, which purports to be a collection of the three issues of the series done by Holden McNeil and Banky Edwards (of ''Chasing Amy''). It includes a color reprinting of the story from ''Oni Double Feature'' #12, purported to be an early appearance by ''Chasing Amy'' characters Holden McNeil and Banky Edwards. These stories have all been collected in ''Tales From the Clerks'' (Graphitti Designs, ISBN 0936211784), which also includes a new "Clerks" story tying in to the ''Clerks 2'' material, and the story from ''Oni Double Feature'' #1. They were previously collected by Image Comics in three separate volumes, one each for ''Clerks'', ''Chasing Dogma'' and ''Bluntman and Chronic''. In 1999, Smith won a Harvey Award, for Best New Talent in comic books.

In 1999, Smith wrote "Guardian Devil", an eight-issue story arc of ''Daredevil'' for Marvel Comics, which was illustrated by Joe Quesada. Kevin Smith followed this by producing a 15-issue tenure on ''Green Arrow'' for DC Comics that saw the return of Oliver Queen from the dead and the introduction of Mia Dearden, a teenage girl who would become Speedy after Smith's run had ended.

Smith returned to Marvel for two mini-series: ''Spider-Man/Black Cat: The Evil That Men Do'' and ''Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target'', both of which debuted in 2002. The former was six issues long, but after the third issue was published two months after the initially scheduled release date, the final issues were delayed for at least three years, prompting Marvel to release an "in case you missed it" reprinting of the first three issues as one book prior to the remaining issues' release. The delay in part was due to Smith's movie production schedule (in this case, work on ''Jersey Girl'' and ''Clerks II'') causing him to shelve completion of the mini-series until the films were completed. In 2007 he was announced as the writer of an ongoing ''Black Cat'' series and ''The Amazing Spider-Man'' in early to mid-2002. However, because of the delays on ''Evil That Men Do'' and ''The Target'', the plan was switched so that Smith would start a third Spider-Man title, launched in 2004 by Mark Millar instead. While ''Spider-Man/Black Cat'' was ultimately completed in 2005, ''Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target'' remains unfinished, with one issue published.

Smith wrote the limited series ''Batman: Cacophony'', with art by friend Walt Flanagan, which ran from November 2008 to January 2009. As announced at the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con, the series featured the villains Onomatopoeia (a character created by Smith during his run at Green Arrow), The Joker, Maxie Zeus, and Victor Zsasz. The trade paperback of ''Batman: Cacophony'' became a New York Times Bestseller in their Hardcover Graphic Books section.

In 2010 Smith subsequently wrote a six-issue Batman mini-series called ''The Widening Gyre'' for DC, and a Green Hornet story for Dynamite Entertainment, the latter of which was based on an unused script he wrote for a ''Green Hornet'' film project that never came to fruition.

In 2011, Dynamite Entertainment announced they would publish ''The Bionic Man'' by Smith, based on a 1998 script he wrote that was rejected by Universal as being "more like a comic book than a movie."

Television

In 2000, Smith and Mosier teamed up with television writer David Mandel to develop an animated television show based on ''Clerks.'' called ''Clerks: The Animated Series'' that aired on ABC in May 2000. It aired only two episodes before being canceled as a result of poor ratings. The six produced episodes were released on DVD in 2001.

During the mid-1990s Smith directed and starred in a series of commercials for MTV, alongside Jason Mewes, in which they reprised their roles as Jay & Silent Bob. In 1998 he directed best friend Jason Mewes as "Gary Lamb – Ground Activist" in a series of Nike commercials. That same year, he also shot commercials for Diet Coke. Two years later, he directed "Star Wars" toy commercials for Hasbro. He has also directed and starred in commercials for Panasonic. In 2004 he also shot a public service announcement for the Declare Yourself organization. These advertisements brought Jay and Silent Bob out of their "semi-retirement."

On February 27, 2002 Kevin released a short film for ''The Tonight Show'' called "The Flying Car".

Acting roles and other appearances

As an actor, Smith is known for his role as Silent Bob in ''Clerks'', ''Mallrats'', ''Chasing Amy'', ''Dogma'', ''Jay And Silent Bob Strike Back'', and ''Clerks II''. He made a cameo appearance in the horror film ''Scream 3'', and was featured along with Jason Mewes in several ''Degrassi: The Next Generation'' episodes, including a special, "Jay and Silent Bob Do Degrassi" (also as a fictional version of himself).

Smith also appeared in an mtvU show titled ''Sucks Less With Kevin Smith''. The show gives college students ideas for things to do on the weekends. Smith also played the role of Paul, a cynical divorced man, in a Showtime television series pilot, "Manchild", filmed in December 2006. However, it was not picked up by the network.

From 1995 to 1997, Smith played small roles in the View Askew movies ''Drawing Flies'', ''Vulgar'', and ''Big Helium Dog''.

In 2001, he appeared in friend Jeff Anderson's ''Now You Know''. After an August 2001 appearance on ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno'' to promote ''Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back'', Smith returned to the show for monthly segments as a correspondent. The "Roadside Attractions" segments featured Smith traveling to random locations around the country and showcased places like Howe Caverns in upstate New York and the Fish Market in Seattle. While five of these segments were included on the ''Jersey Girl'' DVD, at least twelve were aired on the actual show. Smith regularly appeared on the program to introduce the pre-taped pieces.

In 2003, Smith appeared in a cameo role as coroner Jack Kirby in the film ''Daredevil''. In 2006, he voiced the Moose in the CGI cartoon ''Doogal''.

In early 2005, Smith appeared in three episodes of the Canadian-made teen drama ''Degrassi: The Next Generation''. In the episodes, Smith, portraying a fictionalized version of himself, visited the school to work on the (fictional) film ''Jay and Silent Bob Go Canadian, Eh!'' Smith wrote all his dialogue for the shows he appeared in. All three episodes were collected on a DVD entitled ''Jay and Silent Bob Do Degrassi''. Smith and Mewes also appeared in two more episodes the following season, when they returned to Degrassi for the Toronto premiere of the fictional ''Jay and Silent Bob Go Canadian, Eh!'' movie.

From July 2006 on, Smith has guest reviewed on ''Ebert & Roeper'', in place of Roger Ebert, who was recovering from thyroid cancer treatment. These spots have been notable for the arguments between Smith and Richard Roeper over certain films, with Smith often citing Roeper's poor review of ''Jersey Girl'' to discredit his review of the film at hand. On his most recent appearance, Smith compared Craig Brewer's ''Black Snake Moan'' to the works of William Faulkner.

In addition to appearing on ''Degrassi: The Next Generation'', Kevin Smith is an avid fan of the original ''Degrassi'' series, ''Degrassi Junior High'' and ''Degrassi High'' and references to the original are present in some of his early films. He also appeared in the 2009 made for TV movie Degrassi Goes Hollywood.

Smith directed the pilot for The CW Television Network show ''Reaper''. TV.com's summary of the show is "A twenty-something slacker finally scores a job as the devil's bounty hunter." He describes it as "less ''Brimstone'' or ''Dead Like Me'' and more like ''Shaun of the Dead'' than anything else". He went on to say that the reason he took the job was that he has always wanted to direct something he did not write, but never had an interest in doing it on the big screen.

At the 2007 San Diego Comic-Con, it was announced that Kevin Smith would write and direct an episode of the ''Heroes'' spin-off, ''Heroes: Origins'', but the project was canceled because of the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike. That year, Smith appeared in a number of films. He co-starred as Sam in the film ''Catch and Release'', starring Jennifer Garner. Later that year, he appeared as a hacker called The Warlock in the fourth installment of the Die Hard franchise, ''Live Free or Die Hard''. At year's end, he appeared briefly in friend and fellow writer-director Richard Kelly's ''Southland Tales'', in which he played the legless conspiracy theorist General Simon Theory. That same year, Smith also did voicework for the CGI film ''TMNT'' as a diner chef. He was also seen as Rusty (a friend of lead Jason Mewes) in ''Bottoms Up'' with co-star Paris Hilton.

Smith has also cameoed in the second season premiere of the sitcom ''Joey'', where he played himself, on an episode of ''Law & Order'' in 2000 (episode "Black, White and Blue"), ''Duck Dodgers'' (2003 as Hal Jordan, voice only) and ''Yes, Dear'' (2004, as himself and Silent Bob). Smith appeared in the second episode of season two of ''Veronica Mars'', playing a store clerk. He stated on his Web site that ''Veronica Mars'' is some of the best television work ever produced.

In the third season of the HBO series ''Entourage'', Michael Bay and Kevin Smith are directing and writing ''Aquaman 2''. In ''Entourage'', the characters awkwardly react with obvious disappointment at Smith's involvement. Smith has speculated that, that jab and another from season two may have been motivated by a 1995 book in which he criticized Rob Weiss and his movie ''Amongst Friends''.

Smith has also done small roles on television in shows such as ''Law & Order'', ''Veronica Mars'', ''Joey'', ''Degrassi: The Next Generation'', ''Phineas and Ferb''. In an episode of ''Yes, Dear'', he appeared as Silent Bob, standing while smoking a cigarette as the end credits rolled.

Smith has appeared in four Q&A; documentaries: ''An Evening with Kevin Smith'', ''An Evening with Kevin Smith 2: Evening Harder'' and ''Sold Out: A Threevening with Kevin Smith''. The fourth installment, ''Kevin Smith: Too Fat for 40'' was broadcast on epix on October 23, 2010. The first is a collection of filmed appearances at American colleges, while the sequel was shot at two Q&A; shows held in Toronto and London. The third and fourth were filmed in Red Bank, New Jersey at the Count Basie Theater on Smith's 37th and 40th birthdays, respectively. The first two DVD sets were released by Sony Home Video, while the third was put out by the Weinstein Company. Smith appears with Marvel Comics guru Stan Lee in ''Marvel Then & Now: An Evening With Stan Lee and Joe Quesada, hosted by Kevin Smith''. The film is similar in tone to the ''Evening with Kevin Smith'' series. Proceeds from the sale of the film benefit The Hero Initiative, a charitable organization that aids ill or aging comic book creators.

Secret Stash

Smith owns and operates Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash in Red Bank, New Jersey, a comic book store largely dedicated to merchandise related to his films and comics. The current location is its second. The store was moved to a defunct ice cream parlor on Broad St. after Smith sold the Monmouth St. property. The New Jersey location is managed by Smith's long time friend Walt Flanagan, who appears frequently in Smith's films. A second Secret Stash in the Westwood section of Los Angeles was opened in September 2004 and was managed by long-time associate Bryan Johnson, who has appeared in Smith's films as Steve-Dave. Smith had announced that he would close after his lease expired and Johnson wanted to resign, but eventually relocated to Laser Blazer, a DVD store in Los Angeles. In January 2009 the West Coast Store closed, leaving the east coast store as Smith's only operating store.

On the Internet

Smith has a website, The View Askewniverse, which opened in late 1995. He also has an online blog, "My Boring-Ass Life", the contents of which were published in a book by the same name. ''Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back'''s fictional website MoviePoopShoot.com became real in 2002. It became Quick Stop Entertainment and was the home of SModcast until it was sold and Smodcast moved to a dedicated website Smodcast.com, which also carries the other Smodcast network podcasts in early 2010.

On February 5, 2007, Smith and Scott Mosier began SModcast (Smith-Mosier podcast), a regular comedy podcast. There have been several episodes with guest stars filling in for Scott Mosier, including Jennifer Schwalbach Smith, Jason Mewes, Walt Flanagan, Malcolm Ingram, Bryan Johnson, Jeff Anderson, his mother, Grace, and Smith's daughter, Harley Quinn Smith.

Controversies

2010 Southwest Airlines incident

On February 13, 2010, Kevin Smith was on board a Southwest Airlines flight in Oakland bound for Burbank when he was removed from the plane, allegedly over concerns he was too obese to fly safely. Per Smith, he was able to put both armrests down in accordance with Southwest Airlines policy, and both passengers on either side did not object to his presence. Smith was then removed from the flight after being told he was a safety concern. After being booked on a later flight and being offered a $100 Southwest Airlines voucher, which he turned down, Smith lashed out at Southwest Airlines on his Twitter account.

Southwest Airlines representatives later released two statements regarding the incident via their blog. In the first statement, Southwest claimed that Mr. Smith "has been known to (...) purchase two Southwest seats" and cited its "Customer of Size" policy which requires that customers who cannot put their armrests down purchase two seats. In his podcast, Smith stated that he regularly purchased two seats, and had done so the previous week, because he preferred not having to sit next to anyone, not due to his size. In releasing this statement, Southwest disclosed Smith's personal travel details without his permission. The first statement also claimed that the flight captain has personally determined that Smith was too large to fly. In its second statement, Southwest contradicted this claim, stating that the captain had not singled out Smith.

Smith later released an entire episode of SModcast devoted to the subject, giving a lengthy description of the incident, in which he claimed that he had been able to lower the armrests completely and comfortably and claimed to have been repeatedly lied to by airline personnel. He also referred to the airline as the "Greyhound of the Air" and vowed to never fly the airline again.

In his podcast, Smith stated that on his return flight a large female passenger was told to ask him if it was all right that she was sitting next to an empty seat he had bought between them, and it was suggested by Southwest staffers that she may need to purchase an additional seat due to her size, even though she had been placed next to an already-purchased empty seat. She was also the subject of an episode of SModcast.

Smith also released 24 video statements on YouTube further describing the incident. A year after the incident, he had lost 65 pounds through controlled diet and regular exercise, including walking up and down a hill near his home in the Hollywood Hills.

''Cop Out'' controversy

A talent rep associated with the production of ''Cop Out'' reported conflicts on set between Smith and Bruce Willis, saying of Smith, "He smokes way too much pot. He sat behind his monitor. He didn't interact with the actors. The actors felt they were on their own." Smith defended his use of marijuana while working, claiming "I dealt with every actor who wanted to be dealt with on that set" and pointed to the amount of projects he worked on while making "Cop Out" to counter claims he was unproductive because of marijuana. Smith admitted in an interview that heavy marijuana-smoking had become an integral part of his work ethic after claiming that he watched actor Seth Rogen on the set of ''Zack and Miri Make a Porno'' use marijuana as a tool to become a more creative and "productive" worker, saying "The moment I start smoking, I start working. ... That way, no one could ever take it away from you."

}}In response to the critical drubbing his 2010 film ''Cop Out'' received, Kevin Smith lashed out at the community of film critics on his Twitter account saying, "Writing a nasty review for ''Cop Out'' is akin to bullying a retarded kid. All you’ve done is make fun of something that wasn't doing you any harm and wanted only to give some cats some fun laughs." Smith also implied on Twitter that he may charge critics for advance screenings of his films, a service which has typically been provided free; this subsequently ignited a strong response from some critics condemning his stance as "dishonest" and "disingenuous".

Public appearances

Smith's longest Q&A; session took place April 2, 2005, at the Count Basie Theatre in Red Bank, New Jersey. The sold-out event was over seven hours long, took place from 8 pm through 3 am (which due to daylight saving time, was actually 4 am). Following the Q&A;, he opened Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash for a meet-and-greet with the numerous remaining audience members, which ended around 6:30 am. Smith then hopped a plane and did another Q&A; at the Raue Center For The Arts in Crystal Lake, Illinois, that night. Planned for two hours, it lasted just over five hours, ending a little after 1 am Central time.

On June 17, 2009 Smith made a sold out appearance at Carnegie Hall.

Personal life

Smith is married to Jennifer Schwalbach Smith, and photographed her for the magazine ''Playboy''. Their daughter, Harley Quinn, was born June 26, 1999, and was named after the character from ''Batman: The Animated Series'', who was created by friend and fellow writer Paul Dini. They live in the Hollywood Hills.

Although Smith was raised Catholic, he has said on "Back to the Well", the ''Clerks II'' documentary, that now he only goes to Mass on the day before he starts production of a movie, and the day before it premieres. He never smoked until his debut film, ''Clerks'', in which he used the cigarettes as a prop, but never actually inhaled. In fact, he has said that prior to filming ''Clerks'', he was a staunch non-smoker.

Kevin Smith is a hockey fan and loyal New Jersey Devils fan. Smith is also a fan of the Edmonton Oilers.

Filmography

Recognition

Bibliography

Books

Books by Smith include:

''Silent Bob Speaks''

''My Boring Ass Life: The Uncomfortably Candid Diary of Kevin Smith''

''Shootin' the Sh*t with Kevin Smith''

Comics

''Daredevil: Guardian Devil'' (with Joe Quesada, Marvel Comics, 1998–1999)

''Green Arrow: Quiver'' (with Phil Hester, DC Comics, 2001–2002)

''Green Arrow: Sounds of Violence'' (with Phil Hester, DC Comics, 2002)

''Spider-Man/Black Cat: The Evil that Men Do'' (with Terry Dodson, Marvel Comics, 2002, 2005–2006)

''Batman: Cacophony'' (with Walt Flanagan, DC Comics, 2008–2009)

''Batman: The Widening Gyre'' (with Walt Flanagan, DC Comics, 2009–2010)

''Green Hornet'' (with Jonathan Lau, Dynamite Entertainment, 2010)

Trade paperback introductions:

''Hitman: 10,000 Bullets'' (by Garth Ennis, DC Comics, 1996)

''Preacher: Until the End of the World'' (by Garth Ennis, Vertigo Comics, 1995)

References

External links

View Askew Productions

Smith's blog

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Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
Name	Edgar Broughton Band
Background	group_or_band
Origin	Warwick, England
Genre	Rock, Progressive rock, Blues, Hard rock, proto-punk|
Years active	1968–present
Label	Harvest, NEMS,
Website	www.edgarbroughtonband.co.uk/
Current members	Rob 'Edgar' BroughtonSteve BroughtonArthur GrantLuke Broughton
Past members	Kris GrayJohn ThomasJohn Wesley BarkerVictor UnittAndrew Lewis TaylorIan HammondTom NordonTerry Cottam }}

The Edgar Broughton Band, founded in 1968 in Warwick, England, is an English progressive rock group.

Career

The band started their career as a blues group under the name of The Edgar Broughton Blues Band, playing to a dedicated but limited following in the region around their hometown of Warwick. However, when the band began to lean towards the emerging psychedelic movement, dropping the 'Blues' from their name as well as their music, Victor Unitt left.

In 1968, the Broughtons moved to Notting Hill Gate, London, seeking a recording contract and a wider audience, and were picked up by Blackhill Enterprises. Blackhill landed them their first record deal, on EMI's progressive rock label Harvest Records, in December 1968. Their first single was "Evil"/"Death of an Electric Citizen", released in June 1969, which was also the first single released by Harvest.

The first single was followed by the Broughtons' first album, ''Wasa Wasa''. ''Wasa Wasa'' retained a heavily blues influenced sound that was hard-driven and propelled by Edgar Broughton's gritty vocal style, which was similar to that of Captain Beefheart and Howlin' Wolf. After a series of free concerts, many performed on the back of trucks and in the face of police harassment, the Broughtons entered into an attempt to capture their ferocious live sound on record by organising a performance at Abbey Road on 9 December 1969. Only one track was released at the time: a rendition of "Out, Demons Out!", an adaptation of The Fugs' song "Exorcising The Demons Out Of The Pentagon", which had become the band's set-closer and anthem. The rest of the recording was lost until its rediscovery and release in a remixed form in 2004 as ''Keep Them Freaks a Rollin': Live at Abbey Road 1969''.

The Edgar Broughton Band kept recording, releasing the live performance of "Out Demons, Out!" as a single (b/w "Momma's Reward (Keep Those Freaks a Rollin')") and following it, in June 1970, with the album ''Sing Brother Sing''. This was accompanied by the single "Up Yours!" (b/w "Officer Dan"), a polemic on the 1970 General Election declaring their intention to drop out. The song featured a string arrangement by David Bedford.

Their next single, "Apache Dropout", combined The Shadows' "Apache" with Captain Beefheart's "Drop Out Boogie". It was played (to astonished and puzzled reactions) on the David Jacobs' hosted BBC Television's ''Juke Box Jury''. Jerry Lordan, the composer of "Apache", insisted that the title be "Apache Dropout" instead of the original "Dropout Apache". The single reached #33 on the UK Singles Chart, stalling partly due to the then-current postal strike.

In 1971, the band decided that existence as a power trio was limiting, and asked Victor Unitt, who had been playing meanwhile in The Pretty Things, to rejoin the band. In May, with the new lineup, they released possibly their finest work: their eponymous third album, which contained the classic "Evening Over Rooftops" (again with strings by David Bedford which Edgar Broughton called "stunning"). ''Edgar Broughton Band'' contained heavy blues and even country influences. Mike Oldfield also featured, on "Thinking Of You". This album has been said to mark the highest point in the Broughtons' career because of its sense of wholeness and completeness (while not straying into concept album territory).

The album was followed by the release of the double A-side "Hotel Room"/"Call Me A Liar". This was played by Tony Blackburn as his 'record of the week' upon its release: Edgar Broughton recalled him saying that "he hated everything that we stood for, but that the single was the best thing he had heard that year". The single failed to chart, but the album sold well throughout Europe, especially in Germany.

With the success of their third album, the Broughtons relocated to Devon to begin recording for their next album, ''Inside Out'', after which Unitt departed.

In 1975 the band signed to NEMS. In the same year, John Thomas joined the band on guitar for the Broughtons' sixth album, ''Bandages''. This featured a softer sound than previous releases. Shortly after the release of ''Bandages'', John Thomas left and was replaced by Terry Cottam. In 1976, having recorded the live album ''Live Hits Harder'' (which was not released until 1979), the Edgar Broughton Band dissolved.

However, Edgar and Steve Broughton together with Grant regrouped as The Broughtons to release ''Parlez-Vous English?'' in 1979, with Tom Nordon and Pete Tolsen playing guitar and Richard DeBastion on keyboards. These supplementary musicians were not retained after the release of the album, but Tom Norden was used again, along with keyboardist Dennis Haines, for ''Superchip'', released in 1982.

After this the band returned to a hiatus, recording no more studio material but touring infrequently throughout the 1980s and 1990s. A mini-tour in 1989 included a gig at The Oval in London. Following another lengthy hiatus with occasional gigs, the band returned to live action in 2006, after the re-issue of their back catalogue had stimulated new interest in their work. The band have now reformed; they have recently had a mini tour of England and Germany. The band then completed a European tour in 2007, including an appearance at the German Burg Herzberg Festival.

The EBB disbanded in 2010. They appear to have reformed as the EBB are playing Glastonbury Festival 2011 on the Glastonbury Fair Stage.

Band details

Edgar Broughton (born Robert Edgar Broughton, October 27, 1947, Warwick, Warwickshire).

Steve Broughton (born Stephen Alex Broughton, May 20, 1950, Warwick).

Art Grant (born Arthur James Grant, May 14, 1950, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire).

Luke Broughton (born Luke Alex Broughton, January 16, 1980, London)

Discography

Studio albums

''Wasa Wasa'' (1969) - did not chart

''Sing Brother Sing'' (1970) - #18 UK

''Edgar Broughton Band'' (1971) - #28 UK

''Inside Out'' (1972)

''Oora'' (1973)

''Bandages'' (1975)

''Parlez-Vous English?'' (1979) (as The Broughtons)

''Superchip'' (1982) (subtitled 'The Final Silicon Solution?')

Compilations

''A Bunch Of 45s'' (1975)

''The Legendary Edgar Broughton Band'' (1984)

''Out Demons Out: The Best of the Edgar Broughton Band'' (1986)

''As Was: The Best of the Edgar Broughton Band'' (1988)

''Classic Album and Single Tracks 1969-73'' (1992)

''Edgar Broughton Band: In Side Out'' (1993)

''The Very Best Of The Edgar Broughton Band - Out Demons Out!'' (2001)

''Bandages & Chilly Mornings'' (2006)

The Edgar Broughton Band has also appeared on several Harvest Records compilations:

''Picnic - A Breath of Fresh Air'' (1970)

''The Harvest Bag'' (1971)

''Harvest Sweeties'' (1971)

''Harvest Heritage 20 Greats'' (1977)

''Harvest Festival'' (1999)

Live albums

''Chilly Morning Mama'' - Live (1998)

''Live Hits Harder'' (1979)

''Demons at the Beeb, Live'' (2000)

''Keep Them Freaks a Rollin': Live at Abbey Road 1969'' (2004)

Singles

"Evil" / "Death of an Electric Citizen" (1969)

"Out Demons Out" / "Momma's Reward" (1970) - #33 UK

"Up Yours!" / "Officer Dan" (1970)

"Apache Drop Out" / "Freedom" (1970) - #33 UK

"Hotel Room" / "Call Me A Liar" (1972)

"Gone Blue" / "Someone" / "Mr. Crosby" (1972)

DVDs

''Live at Rockpalast'' (2006) - performance by the band for German Television.

See also

List of anarchist musicians

List of forerunners of punk music

List of Peel Sessions

References

External links

The Official Website

Giglist

Edgar Broughton Band lyrics

A review of an Edgar Broughton Band gig in 1998

Edgar Broughton Yahoo Group

Category:People from Warwick Category:Musical groups established in 1968 Category:Anarcho-punk groups Category:Pre-punk groups Category:English progressive rock groups

de:The Edgar Broughton Band no:Edgar Broughton Band ru:Edgar Broughton Band fi:Edgar Broughton Band