Magnate, from the Late Latin ''magnas'', a great man, itself from Latin ''magnus'' 'great', designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities. In reference to the Middle Ages, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage.

The term was specifically applied to the members (equivalent to British Peers) of the Upper House in the Apostolic Kingdom of Hungary, the ''Főrendiház'' or House of Magnates.

Magnates were a social class of wealthy and influential nobility in the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania (and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), and some other medieval realms. In Spain, since late Middle Ages there is the highest class of nobility who hold appellation of Grandee of Spain. In Sweden, wealthiest medieval lords were known as ''storman'' (plural ''stormän''), "great men", a similar description as magnate, and same meaning. In England, the term magnate has often been applied to the extremely powerful nobles that Edward III created when he split his kingdom amongst his sons rather than choosing one son to inherit the entire kingdom. The ensuing conflict between these powerful nobles (and their successors) and whoever was king led to the aristocratic wars known as the Wars of the Roses. A similar class in the Gaelic world were the Flatha.

In the Middle Ages a bishop sometimes held territory as a magnate, collecting the revenue of the manors and the associated knights' fees.

Magnates in Poland and Lithuania

In Poland and Lithuania all members of the nobility (''szlachta'') were equal under the law. "Magnate" () was thus not an official title but rather a position of social class, based on wealth. Magnates (or higher nobility) vied for political power with the lesser and middle nobility (see ''Ruch egzekucyjny'') and the Król (Monarch). From the second half of the 17th century, the magnates emerged as the victors in the struggle for power in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as they were able to concentrate most of the land in their own hands and bribe smaller nobles to preserve the appearance of democracy: "Golden Liberty" in the parliaments, not only the local Sejmiks but also in the national Sejm.

There were several other terms for "magnate" in Poland and Lithuania:

''Możny'' - "powerful one"; used up to the 15th century, later replaced by ''Magnat'';

''królik'', plural ''królewięta'' - "petty kings", used especially of magnates with large fiefdoms in Lithuania or Ukraine; rather negative (''król'' in Polish means "king", but the diminutive ''królik'' also means "rabbit");

''pan'' - lord (much later, by title devaluation, Mister); this could also apply to members of the common ''szlachta'' and was often used by people from other social classes;

''starsi bracia'' - "older brothers"; all members of the ''szlachta'' referred to each other as ''Pan brat'' ('lord brother'), but Magnates who were appointed to the Senate of Poland often styled themselves ''senior brothers'', referring to the nobles from the ''Sejm'' ("parliament") as ''młodsi bracia'' ("junior brothers");

''karmazyn'' - "the crimson one", from their expensive crimson-coloured clothing (especially the boots).

Several Magnates held high feudal titles or peerage ranks such as prince or count. With few exceptions, mostly dating from the Union of Lublin, and special privileges permitting some Lithuanian magnates to use them, such titles were forbidden by law. Titles from offices however were very popular: see Offices in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Magnates in England

The large number of extremely powerful nobles, many of whom had claims to the throne, led to over 100 years of aristocratic civil war, in the form of the Wars of the Roses.

Eventually intermarriage between the royal family and the higher nobility led to large numbers of claimants to the throne, most of whom tried to attain the throne by usurping their predecessors. In this period, despite laws governing succession, most of the succession was determined not as much by primogeniture as by military victory.

In the Tudor period, after Henry VII defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry made a point of executing or neutralizing as many magnates as possible. Henry VII would make parliament attaint undesirable nobles and magnates, thereby stripping them of their wealth, protection from torture, and power. Henry VII also used the Court of the Star Chamber to have powerful nobles executed. Henry VIII continued this approach in his reign; he inherited a survivalistic mistrust of nobles from his father. Henry VIII ennobled very few men and the ones he did were all "new men": novi homines, greatly indebted to him and having very limited power.

See also

Aristocracy

Leidang

List of szlachta (this article lists the families of the magnate class, or higher nobility).

Finnish nobility

Swedish nobility

Sources

Allison Weir, Princes in the Tower.

Category:Social classes Category:Noble titles Category:Polish nobility Category:History of Poland (1569–1795)

an:Mainate be:Магнат be-x-old:Магнат bg:Магнат cs:Velmož de:Magnat es:Magnate (alta nobleza) eo:Magnato fr:Magnat (titre) it:Magnate he:מגנאט lt:Magnatas ja:マグナート no:Magnat pl:Magnat pt:Magnata ru:Магнаты sk:Veľmož fi:Magnaatti uk:Магнат

Coordinates	55°47′″N49°10′″N
Name	Magnate y Valentino
Background	group_or_band
Origin	Puerto Rico
Birth name	Ramón & Peter González Torres
Birth date	October 24, 1982 (Magnate)July 12, 1980 (Valentino)
Genre	Reggaeton
Label	Machete Music/VI Music
Website	http://www.magnateyvalentino.net
Current members	}}

Magnate y Valentino are a Puerto Rican reggaeton duo. They are one of the pioneers of the subgenre known as romantikeo. They were among the first duos to include ballads and romantic songs in the discography. They form part of the second wave of reggaeton artists having debuted in 1998 in various artists compilation album ''The Warriors 2'' where they were called Los Nene. Magnate has since released his first solo album, ''Progresivo''. Valentino is now part of the group Los Compadres with Mario VI and Gocho. They released their album called ''Quimica Perfecta''.

Discography

Rompiendo el Hielo (2002)

Sin Límite (2004)

Before & After (2006)

Los Compadres: La Perfecta Ocasión (2006) (Valentino w/ Mario VI & Gocho)

Progresivo (2007) (Magnate solo album)

Quimica Perfecta (2009)

Singles

Las Gatas Se Ponen Crazy (ft. A Kquest For Droz)

Quiero Tu Cuerpo

Salen Inquietas

Quiero Sentir Tu Cuerpo

Gata Celosa (ft. Héctor y Tito, Glory)

Te Buscaré

Fuera de Control

Ya Lo Sé

Vuelve a Mí

Prohibido

Mujer Traicionada

Reggaetón

Nuestro Amor Es Así

Amar Es (ft. Arcangel)

Dile a Ella (ft. Don Omar)

Me Pones Mal

Tal Vez

Morir de Amor (ft. Arcangel)

Si Tu Te Acuerdas de Mi

Category:Reggaeton musicians Category:Reggaeton duos

es:Magnate & Valentino fr:Magnate & Valentino it:Magnate y Valentino

Coordinates	55°47′″N49°10′″N
Name	Don Omar
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	William Omar Landrón Rivera
Alias	El Rey
Birth date	February 10, 1978
Origin	Puerto Rico
Genre	Reggaeton, Pop, Rap, R&B;
Occupation	Singer-songwriter, composer, CEO, actor
Years active	1999–present
Label	Orfanato Music Group (His Label)VI MusicUniversal Music LatinoMachete Music
Website	Don Omar }}

Don Omar, also known as El Rey (born William Omar Landrón Rivera; February 10, 1978, is a Puerto Rican Reggaetón singer and actor.

Early life

William Omar Landrón Rivera is the oldest son of William Landrón and Luz Antonia Rivera. He was raised in Santurce, a barrio of San Juan, Puerto Rico, specifically in the Villa Palmeras area. From an early age, he showed interest in the music of Vico C and Brewley MC, but never actually followed it. During his youth, he became an active member of a Protestant church, Iglesia Evangélica Restauración en Cristo, in Bayamón where he occasionally offered sermons. However, after four years, he left the church to dedicate himself to singing.

Several months later, he had his first public presentation in a night club, accompanied by disc jockey Eliel Lind Osorio. Afterwards he appeared regularly on compilation albums from popular DJ's and producers like Luny Tunes, Noriega, and DJ Eric. He also started working as a backup singer for the duo Héctor & Tito. One of the members, Héctor Delgado, helped him produce his first solo album.

Career

2000–2005: The Last Don

Don Omar's career catapulted to stardom with the release of his first studio album, ''The Last Don''. Both the studio version and its live edition have been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. Worldwide, ''The Last Don: Live [CD & DVD]'' has sold over one million copies, according to his official website. Omar's debut single, “Dale Don Dale”, sold over 500,000 copies in South America. He earned awards for “Latin Pop Album of the Year” and "New Artist & Latin Rap/Hip-Hop Album of the Year” by the Billboard Latin Music Awards in 2003. ''The Last Don: Live [CD & DVD]'' was also nominated for "Urban Music Album" at the 2005 Latin Grammy Awards.

2006–2008: King of Kings

Omar's May 2006 album ''King of Kings'', became history's highest ranking reggaeton LP in the top 10 US charts, with its debut at #1 on the Latin sales charts and the #1 spot on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Radio Chart with his single “Angelito”. Omar was also able to beat the in-store appearance sales record at Disney World's Virgin music store previously set by pop star Britney Spears.

With the highest charting debut by a reggaeton artist, Don Omar's "King of Kings" entered at No. 7 with 74,000, beating Daddy Yankee's No. 24 entry with 2005's "Barrio Fino En Directo". In April 2007, Don Omar received the Latin Billboard award for "Reggaeton Album Of The Year" for King of Kings. The songs "Los Bandoleros" and "Conteo" were featured in the movie ''The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift'' in the ending credits.

On September 18, 2007, Landrón was briefly under police custody in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, when a local company sued him after he canceled a concert scheduled for earlier that year in La Paz, Bolivia as part of an international tour titled "Up Close". The organization claimed that he had stolen $70,000 due to the cancellation. Landrón responded that he canceled the concert because the company did not provide air tickets in time. After the case was presented before a local judge, both parts reached an agreement. Landrón was allowed to leave the country in order to comply with a previously scheduled appearance in Buenos Aires on Argentine television and returned the next day to hold his concert in Santa Cruz's Tahuichi Aguilera soccer stadium.

Landrón participated as in Gilberto Santa Rosa's presentation in an event titled "Concierto del Amor", presented in the Madison Square Garden on February 9, 2008. Where he closed the event and performed reggaeton themes.

In late 2009 Billboard recognized that this was the most successful album of the decade (since 2000) in Latin America, besides being the most successful in the history of the genre of Reggaeton and Latin music, Don Omar ended in 2009 devoting even more over its rivals as the best of this genre and urban music. It is estimated that the album until the end of 2009 according to Billboard recount has sold just over 4.1 million copies.

"Salió El Sol" is featured in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV.

2009: iDon

Don Omar's third studio album titled ''iDon'' was released on April 28, 2009. This album was dedicated to his cousin Cordell Brown. He misses his family in St.Louis, thats's why the first single from this album titled "Virtual Diva" was performed on MTV's Tr3s variety show, ''Virtual Diva''. ''iDon'''s Virtual Diva became the most requested song on Latin radio stations. The second official single, titled "Sexy Robotica", was released on June 5, 2009.

2010–present: Meet the Orphans

Don Omar confirmed the name of his upcoming collaborative album, titled ''Meet the Orphans''. The single "Hasta Abajo" was released in advance of the album. The album was set to be released on August 24, 2010 through Orfanato Music Group, but now is scheduled on October 19, 2010. He is currently signed to VI Music and Machete Music through Universal Music Latino.

Personal life

William Omar Landrón is the father of three children. He married forecaster/journalist Jackie Guerrido on April 18, 2008. Divorce rumors surrounded the couple two years into the marriage and were compounded by comments Landrón made via Twitter. In March 2011, it was revealed they had divorced. Landrón is banned from Univision, after Univision got involved with his marriage, he is no longer allowed to attend any award shows from Univision. Omar is also the owner of Orfanato Music Group.

On September 2004, Landrón and three companions were detained by police personnel in Puerto Rico. The jury was selected on July 8, 2008. Two days later, Judge Angel Ramírez Ramírez of the Tribunal de Carolina denied a prosecutor's request to extract a DNA sample from a marijuana cigarette, noting that if a previous test done in June brings back negative results the charges against Landrón may be dropped. The hearings had to be postponed on July 10, 2008, because one of the prosecution's witnesses was unable to attend due to pregnancy. The DNA tests were "inconclusive". On July 22, 2008, the charges against Landrón were dropped by the prosecution, after several inconsistencies appeared in the witness accounts.

Discography

Studio Albums

2003: ''The Last Don''

2006: ''King of Kings''

2009: ''iDon''

Live / Special Edition Albums

2004: ''The Last Don Live''

2006: ''The Last Don: The Gold Series''

2006: ''King of Kings: Armageddon Edition''

2007: ''King of Kings Live''

Compilation Albums

2005: ''Don Omar Presenta: Los Bandoleros''

2005: ''Da Hitman Presents Reggaetón Latino''

2006: ''Don Omar Presenta: Los Bandoleros Reloaded''

2007: ''Don Omar Presenta: El Pentágono''

2010: ''Don Omar Presents: Meet the Orphans''

Filmography

! Year	! Title	! Role
	''Fast & Furious''	Rico Santos
	''Los Bandoleros''	Rico Santos
		Rico Santos

See also

List of famous Puerto Ricans

List of Puerto Rican songwriters

References

External links

Official IDon Album Website

Official Website

Official MySpace

Official Facebook

Category:1978 births * Category:Living people Category:People from Carolina, Puerto Rico Category:Puerto Rican male singers Category:Puerto Rican people of African descent Category:Puerto Rican rappers Category:Puerto Rican reggaeton artists Category:Reggaeton musicians Category:Spanish-language singers

ca:William Omar Landrón de:Don Omar es:Don Omar fr:Don Omar ko:돈 오마르 it:Don Omar nl:Don Omar ja:ドン・オマール no:Don Omar pl:William Omar Landrón pt:Don Omar ro:Don Omar ru:Дон Омар fi:Don Omar sv:Don Omar ta:டான் ஒமார் tr:Don Omar

Coordinates	55°47′″N49°10′″N
name	Nova & Jory
background	group_or_band
birth name	Fernando L. Gonzalez (Nova), Fernando Sierra (Jory)
alias	Las Dos Nuevas Amenazas, La N y La J
birth place	October 03, 1980 (Nova), July 05, 1986 (Jory)
origin	Ponce, Puerto Rico (Nova), Carolina, Puerto Rico (Jory)
genre	Reggaeton
years active	2003–present
label	2007 BandLandz Entertainment 2008-2009 Black Jack Music 2010- Millones Records
associated acts	Daddy Yankee, Alexis & Fido, Guelo Star, J. Alvarez, Ñengo Flow, Juno, Farruko
website	Twitter }}

Nova & Jory are a reggaeton duo. Nova was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico and Jory was born in Carolina, Puerto Rico. They started their career in 2003 and are currently signed to Millones Records. Their debut album ''Mucha Calidad'', which after a couple setbacks and push dates, was officially released on July 12, 2011.

Early years & career

Fernando L. González, known as "Nova" was born on October 3, 1980 in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and raised in a humble environment by a single mother in Santa Isabel and Peñuelas, Puerto Rico. Fernando Sierra, better known as "Jory" was born on July 5, 1986 in Carolina, Puerto Rico, and raised in the Residencial Torres de Sabana. Both performers had always shown great interest in the latin urban genre of Reggaeton, and both had childhood dreams of being professional singers of this musical style. At a young age, and through different circumstances, they moved to the United States. Jory was 10 when he moved to the U.S., while Nova moved at age 15 & got married at 16 with a girl who's name is unknown. Jory was raised in Camden, New Jersey.

Debut

They both participated many events, talent shows, and televised competitions separately. In 2003, they met and agreed to do a song together. After meeting with successful results withthat first song, they formed a permanent duo and create their first mixtape titled Por Encima. As a duo, they also assisted other prominent artists of the genre, including Ñejo & Dalmata, Wisin & Yandel, Zion, and Jowell & Randy, with their own artistic endeavors.

Since 2007 they have been assisted by BadLandz Entertainment in bringing their talent to the masses, including marketing their talent in Puerto Rico. Due in part to their label, they decide to make the move back to Puerto Rico to solidify what they had already been working on and emerge on the scene as new exponents of the genre. In Puerto Rico they collaborated with Guelo Star on a track titled "Es la Impresion", serving as producers Yai y Toly "Los Nativos". Due mostly to "''Es la impresion''", the duo become a big hit. They befriended Syko "El Terror" (Syko The terror) and develop what is now their permanent studio and collaborator of their tracks, "Empresario Studio". They work with their new producer, "Onyx", bringing their careers to new levels.

The duo collaborated with Syko and Cosculluela in the development of "Bienvenidos a Mi Mundo", a crude street song expressing the hardships of poverty and violence. The track helped expose them as a solid, exponentially rising duo in the genre and achieved much recognition. The song was followed with a remix featuring Zion, Franco "el Gorila", Ñejo, Polaco and others. Subsequently, they worked with Yaga & Mackie on "Perfume". The dou continue to be well received.

In 2008 they broke with BandLandz, signing up with Black Jack Music and releasing their second mixtape, "Salimos del Bloque", with support from Alex Corolla, AK 47, and Real Talk Reggaeton.

Off the mixtape, one of the tracks produced by "Live Music" called "Traila" caught much attention and airplay, but it was not until "Bien Loco" that they took the genre by storm, receiving tremendous attention throughout Central and South America, specially in Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Chile for which prompted a tour in said countries, and having it be one of the top songs of 2009. Following that success, they released other exiting singles such as "Matador" and followed up remix alongside Ñengo Flow, "No Seas Mala" ft Trebol Clan, and earned their participation in the mega remix "Rastrillea 2" ft a large amount of the most prominent members of the genre. Most recently they have signed on to Millones Records, and they keep pushing boundaries coupling with great producers as Walde ‘The Big Maker’, ‘Sinfónico’, ’Jan Paul’, ‘Omi Colchea’, ‘Yampi’, ‘Dj Nelson’, ‘Montana The Producer’, ‘Onyx’, ’Ruff’ y ‘Iván Lee'.

Discography

''Mucha Calidad 07/12/2011''

Nova & Jory Singles & Collaborations

Saco el anormal (2007)

Me Tienes Maquiniando (2008)

Tu (2007)

El Pantalon (2007)

Dejate llevar (2007)

Parece que fue ayer (2007)

La primera noche (2007)

Bounce (2007)

Encima De Ti (2007)

Como lo Menea (2007)

Por Encima (2007)

Bienvenidos a Mi Mundo (ft.Cosculluela, Syko "El Terror") (2008)

Bien Loco (2008)

Perfume (ft. Yaga y Mackie & Syko "El Terror") (2008)

Bla Bla Bla

Rastrillea (ft.Guelo Star, Arcangel, Voltio, Alexis & Fido, Ñengo Flow, Baby Rasta & Gringo, Yaga & Mackie, Ivy Queen, Syko,Tony Lenta, Gastam, Chyno Nyno, Ñejo & Dalmata, Trebol Clan, Nova & Jory, Franco "El Gorilla", OG Black & Guayo Man, Plan B, Zion & Lennox, De La Ghetto) (2009)

El Mal Me Persigue (Ñengo Flow,Randy Glock) (2009)

Traila (2009)

La Falda (ft.Mega Sexx) (2009)

Pa Ta Bajo Contigo (ft. Godiel y Naldy) (2009)

Somos Dos (2009)

Juegos Nada Mas (Gerry Capó ft. Jory) (2010)

Matador (Official Remix) ( Ñengo Flow Ft Nova y Jory, Alexis y Fido, Jowell & Voltio)

Tiempo y Hora (2009)

La Noche Perfecta (2010)

Con Mucho Fronte ft. Syko (2009)

Juquea (Nova y Jory Ft. Yelsid, Shako, Mary Oquendo y Sheeno) (2009)

Tu Cuerpo (Ryan ft Jory) (2009)

Terapia (Nova & Jory ft Mega & Kenai) (2009)

La Vida Es Corta (Yomo ft. Jory,Randy Glock)

Un Poco Mas (2010)

Dartelo Hoy (Jory ft .Amareto)

Musica En High (Nova & Jory ft. Berto El Original) (2010)

Nuestro Ultimo Palo (Jory ft. Ñengo flow)(2010)

No Hay Nadie Como Ella (Eloy ft. Jory) (2010)

Alejate De Mi (Jory) (2009)

Aunque No Lo Digas (Great Galdy ft. Jory) (2010)

Ya Se Lo Que Tu Buscas (Polaco ft. Jory) (2010)

Adivina Que (Nova & Jory ft. Yomo (2010)

Mi Combo Jala (Pacho & Cirilo ft. Jory) (2010)

Besame(2010)

Sexo(Octubre 2010)

Por el celu - Nos el 5 estrellas ft Jory(Noviembre 2010)

Pata Boom - (Daddy Yankee Ft Jory) (2010)

Ojitos Achinao (Nova) (2010)

No Pide Novio - (Gavilan ft. Jory)

Las 3js - (Jory, J Alvarez, Juno "The Hitmaker") (2010)

No Se Que Hacer (JJ La Promesa ft. Nova) (2010)

El Bonitillo (2011)

Tu Eres Otra Cosa - (Ñengo Flow ft. Jory) (RealG4Life Mixtape) (2011)

Boom Boom (Official Remix) - (Magnate & Valentino ft. J Alvarez, Nova & Jory) (2011)

Hola Beba (Official Remix) - (Farruko ft. Jory, J Alvarez) (2011)

Todas Las Solteras - (Gocho ft. Jory & Ñengo Flow) (Mi Musica) (2011)

Besame(Official Remix) Ft. Rakim & Ken-Y

Yo Se Que Quieres Ft. Alexis & Fido (Perreologia)

Que Quieres de Mi (Official Remix) - (Gotay "El Autentiko" Ft. Ñengo Flow, Farruko, J Alvarez & Nova Y Jory) (2011)

Pata-Boom (Official Remix) - (Daddy Yankee Ft Jory, Alexis y Fido & Jowell y Randy) (2011)

Aprovecha (Feat. Daddy Yankee)

Suelta El Arsenal (Daddy Yankee Feat Jory) (Daddy Yankee Prestige)

No Se (2011)

Bien Comodo (Daddy Yankee Ft. Randy "Nota Loka",J Alvarez,Guelo Star,Arcángel,Baby Rasta & Gringo,Yaga & Mackie) (Daddy Yankee Prestige)

Mixtapes

Por Encima (2007)

Salimos del Bloque (2009)

Mucha Calidad: Pre-Album Mixtape Vol. 2 (2010)

References

Official MySpace

Category:People from Carolina, Puerto Rico Category:Puerto Rican rappers Category:Puerto Rican reggaeton artists Category:Living people Category:Reggaeton musicians Category:People from Ponce, Puerto Rico