Events

927 – Battle of the Bosnian Highlands: the Croatian army, led by King Tomislav, defeats the Bulgarian Army.

1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.

1153 – Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland.

1703 – Tsar Peter the Great founds the city of Saint Petersburg.

1798 – The Battle of Oulart Hill takes place in Wexford, Ireland.

1799 – War of the Second Coalition: Austrian forces defeats the French at Winterthur, Switzerland, securing control of the northeastern Swiss Plateau because of the town's location at the junction of seven cross-roads.

1812 – Bolivian War of Independence: In Bolivia, the Battle of La Coronilla, in which the women from Cochabamba fight against the Spanish army.

1813 – War of 1812: In Canada, American forces capture Fort George.

1849 – The Great Hall of Euston station in London is opened.

1860 – Giuseppe Garibaldi begins his attack on Palermo, Sicily, as part of the Italian Unification.

1863 – American Civil War: First Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson.

1883 – Alexander III is crowned Tsar of Russia.

1896 – The F4-strength St. Louis-East St. Louis Tornado hits in St. Louis, Missouri and East Saint Louis, Illinois, killing at least 255 people and causing $2.9 billion in damage (1997 USD).

1905 – Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Tsushima begins.

1907 – Bubonic plague breaks out in San Francisco, California.

1919 – The NC-4 aircraft arrives in Lisbon after completing the first transatlantic flight.

1927 – The Ford Motor Company ceases manufacture of the Ford Model T and begins to retool plants to make the Ford Model A.

1930 – The Chrysler Building in New York City, the tallest man-made structure at the time, opens to the public.

1933 – New Deal: The U.S. Federal Securities Act is signed into law requiring the registration of securities with the Federal Trade Commission.

1933 – The Walt Disney Company releases the cartoon Three Little Pigs, with its hit song "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?"

1933 – The Century of Progress World's Fair opens in Chicago, Illinois.

1935 – New Deal: The Supreme Court of the United States declares the National Industrial Recovery Act to be unconstitutional in A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, (295 U.S. 495).

1937 – In California, the Golden Gate Bridge opens to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between San Francisco and Marin County, California.

1940 – World War II: In the Le Paradis massacre, 99 soldiers from a Royal Norfolk Regiment unit are shot after surrendering to German troops. Two survive.

1941 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaims an "unlimited national emergency".

1941 – World War II: The German battleship Bismarck is sunk in the North Atlantic killing almost 2,100 men.

1942 – World War II: In Operation Anthropoid, Reinhard Heydrich is assassinated in Prague.

1957 – Toronto's CHUM-AM, (1050 kHz) becomes Canada's first radio station to broadcast only top 40 Rock n' Roll music format.

1958 – The F-4 Phantom II makes its first flight.

1960 – In Turkey, a military coup removes President Celal Bayar and the rest of the democratic government from office.

1962 – The Centralia, Pennsylvania mine fire starts.

1965 – Vietnam War: American warships begin the first bombardment of National Liberation Front targets within South Vietnam.

1967 – Australians vote in favor of a constitutional referendum granting the Australian government the power to make laws to benefit Indigenous Australians and to count them in the national census.

1967 – The U.S. Navy aircraft carrier is launched by Jacqueline Kennedy and her daughter Caroline.

1968 – The meeting of the Union Nationale des Étudiants de France (National Union of the Students of France) takes place. 30,000 to 50,000 people gather in the Stade Sebastien Charlety.

1971 – The Dahlerau train disaster, the worst railway accident in West Germany, kills 46 people and injures 25 near Wuppertal.

1975 – The Dibble's Bridge coach crash near Grassington, North Yorkshire, England kills 32 – the highest ever death toll in a road accident in the United Kingdom.

1980 – The Gwangju Massacre: Airborne and army troops of South Korea retake the city of Gwangju from civil militias, killing at least 207 and possibly many more.

1995 – In Culpeper, Virginia, actor Christopher Reeve is paralyzed from the neck down after falling from his horse in a riding competition.

1996 – First Chechnya War: Russian President Boris Yeltsin meets with Chechnyan rebels for the first time and negotiates a cease-fire.

1997 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that Paula Jones can pursue her sexual harassment lawsuit against President Bill Clinton while he is in office.

1998 – Oklahoma City bombing: Michael Fortier is sentenced to 12 years in prison and fined $200,000 for failing to warn authorities about the terrorist plot.

1999 – The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, Netherlands indicts Slobodan Milošević and four others for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Kosovo.

2001 – Members of Islamist separatist group Abu Sayyaf seize twenty hostages from an upscale island resort on Palawan in the Philippines; the hostage crisis would not be resolved until June 2002.

2005 – Australian Schapelle Corby is sentenced to 20 years imprisonment in Kerobokan Prison for drug smuggling by a court in Indonesia.

2006 – The May 2006 Java earthquake strikes at 5:53:58 AM local time (22:53:58 UTC May 26) devastating Bantul and the city of Yogyakarta killing over 6,600 people.

Births

1332 – Ibn Khaldun, Arab polymath (d. 1406)

1519 – Girolamo Mei, Italian historian (d. 1594)

1576 – Caspar Schoppe, German scholar (d. 1649)

1601 – Antoine Daniel, French Jesuit missionary and martyr (d. 1648)

1623 – William Petty, English scientist and philosopher (d. 1687)

1626 – William II, Prince of Orange (d. 1650)

1651 – Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles, French cardinal (d. 1729)

1652 – Liselotte von der Pfalz, Duchess of Orléans (d. 1722)

1738 – Nathaniel Gorham, 8th President of the United States in Congress Assembled (d. 1796)

1756 – King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (d. 1825)

1794 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, American entrepreneur (d. 1877)

1818 – Amelia Bloomer, American suffragette (d. 1894)

1819 – Julia Ward Howe, American poet (The Battle Hymn of the Republic) (d. 1910)

1820 – Mathilde Bonaparte, French princess and socialite (d. 1904)

1827 – Samuel F. Miller, New York representative to the U.S. House of Representatives (d. 1892)

1836 – Jay Gould, American financier (d. 1892)

1837 – Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter (d. 1876)

1837 – Ivan Kramskoi, Russian painter (d. 1887)

1860 – Manuel Teixeira Gomes, 7^th President of Portugal (d. 1941)

1864 – Ante Trumbić, Croatian politician (d. 1938)

1867 – Arnold Bennett, British novelist (d. 1931)

1871 – Georges Rouault, French painter and graphic artist (d. 1958)

1876 – Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski, Polish writer (d. 1945)

1876 – Sir William Stanier, British railway engineer (d. 1965)

1879 – Karl Bühler, German linguist and psychologist (d. 1963)

1879 – Hans Lammers, German SS officer (d. 1962)

1884 – Max Brod, Czech-born writer, literary executor of Franz Kafka (d. 1968)

1888 – Louis Durey, French composer (d. 1979)

1891 – Claude Champagne, French-Canadian composer (d. 1965)

1893 – Hermann Dörnemann, German supercentenarian (d. 2005)

1894 – Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French writer (d. 1961)

1894 – Dashiell Hammett, American author (d. 1961)

1897 – John Cockcroft, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)

1900 – Uładzimir Zylka, Belarusian poet (d. 1933)

1904 – Chūhei Nambu, Japanese athlete (d. 1997)

1906 – Antonio Rosario Mennonna, Italian Catholic bishop (d. 2009)

1907 – Nicolas Calas, Greek-American poet and art critic (d. 1988)

1907 – Rachel Carson, American biologist and science writer (d. 1964)

1909 – Dolores Hope, American singer and philanthropist

1911 – Hubert H. Humphrey, 38th Vice President of the United States and Senator from Minnesota (d. 1978)

1911 – Teddy Kollek, Austrian-born Israeli politician (d. 2007)

1911 – Vincent Price, American actor (d. 1993)

1912 – John Cheever, American author (d. 1982)

1912 – Sam Snead, American golfer (d. 2002)

1912 – Terry Moore, American baseball player (d. 1995)

1913 – Wols, German painter (d. 1951)

1915 – Esther Soré, Chilean musician (d. 1996)

1915 – Herman Wouk, American writer

1918 – Yasuhiro Nakasone, Japanese politician

1921 – Caryl Chessman, American robber and rapist (d. 1960)

1922 – Christopher Lee, English actor

1923 – Henry Kissinger, 56th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Peace Prize laureate

1923 – Sumner Redstone, American entrepreneur

1924 – Ernest Ingenito, American mass murderer (d. 1995)

1925 – Tony Hillerman, American writer (d. 2008)

1930 – John Barth, American novelist

1930 – William S. Sessions, 8th Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

1932 – Faten Hamama, Egyptian actress

1933 – Manfred Sommer, Spanish comic artist (d. 2007)

1933 – Ted Rogers, Canadian entrepreneur (d. 2008)

1934 – Harlan Ellison, American author

1935 – Lee Meriwether, Miss America (1955) and actress

1935 – Ramsey Lewis, American pianist

1935 – Mal Evans, British road manager of The Beatles (d. 1976)

1936 – Louis Gossett Jr., American actor

1936 – Marcel Masse, Canadian politician

1937 – Allan Carr, American film producer and writer (d. 1999)

1939 – Socratis Kokkalis, Greek businessman

1939 – Don Williams, American country singer

1942 – Lee Baca, American law enforcement official

1943 – Cilla Black, English singer and presenter

1943 – Bruce Weitz, American actor

1944 – Christopher Dodd, American politician, senior Senator from Connecticut

1944 – Alain Souchon, French singer and songwriter

1945 – Bruce Cockburn, Canadian musician

1946 – Lewis Collins, English actor

1946 – Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, Danish jazz bassist (d. 2005)

1947 – Branko Oblak, Slovenian footballer

1948 – Wubbo de Boer, Dutch civil servant

1951 – Ana Belén, Spanish singer and actress

1954 – Pauline Hanson, Australian politician

1954 – Jackie Slater, American football player

1955 – Richard Schiff, American actor

1955 – Eric Bischoff, American professional wrestling promoter

1956 – Cynthia McFadden, American television anchor

1957 – Siouxsie Sioux, English musician (Siouxsie and the Banshees)

1957 – Duncan Goodhew, English Olympic swimmer, 1980 gold medalist

1958 – Neil Finn, New Zealand singer and songwriter (Split Enz, Crowded House)

1958 – Linnea Quigley, American actress

1961 – Peri Gilpin, American actress

1962 – Ray Borner, Australian basketball player

1962 – Steven Brill, American film writer and director

1962 – Ravi Shastri, Indian cricketer

1964 – Adam Carolla, American comedian and television personality

1964 – Zheng Geping, Singaporean actor

1965 – Todd Bridges, American actor

1965 – Pat Cash, Australian tennis player

1966 – Heston Blumenthal, British chef and restaurateur

1967 – Paul Gascoigne, English footballer

1968 – Jeff Bagwell, American baseball player

1968 – Frank E. Thomas, American baseball player

1968 – Rebekah Brooks, English journalist and newspaper editor

1969 – Todd Hundley, American baseball player

1969 – Jeremy Mayfield, American race car driver

1969 – Dondre Whitfield, American actor

1970 – Michele Bartoli, Italian cyclist

1970 – Tim Farron, British politician

1970 – Joseph Fiennes, English actor

1970 – Cherry Pie Picache, Filipino actress

1971 – Mathew Batsiua, Nauruan politician

1971 – Paul Bettany, English actor

1971 – Wayne Carey, Australian rules footballer

1971 – Kaur Kender, Estonian author

1971 – Lisa Lopes, American singer (TLC) (d. 2002)

1971 – Glenn Ross, Northern Irish strongman

1971 – Monika Schnarre, Canadian model and actress

1971 – Lee Sharpe, English Footballer

1972 – Todd Demsey, American golfer

1972 – Ivete Sangalo, Brazilian singer

1973 – Jack McBrayer, American actor and comedian

1973 – Tana Umaga, New Zealand rugby union player

1974 – Derek Webb, American singer and songwriter (Caedmon's Call)

1974 – Danny Wuerffel, American football player

1975 – André 3000, American rapper (OutKast)

1975 – Michael Hussey, Australian cricketer

1975 – Jadakiss, American rapper (D-Block)

1975 – Jamie Oliver, English chef and television personality

1976 – RJD2, American hip-hop producer

1977 – Abderrahmane Hammad, Algerian athlete

1977 – Mahela Jayawardene, Sri Lankan cricketer

1977 – Tommie van der Leegte, Dutch footballer

1978 – Adin Brown, American footballer

1979 – Stuart Manning, British actor

1979 – Mile Sterjovski, Australian footballer

1980 – Craig Buntin, Canadian figure skater

1981 – Marcelo Bonan. Brazilian footballer

1981 – Özgür Çevik, Turkish singer and actor

1981 – Fivos Constantinou, Cypriot distance and cross country runner

1981 – Johan Elmander, Swedish footballer

1981 – Miloy, Angolan footballer

1982 – Nattie Neidhart, Canadian professional wrestler

1983 – Bobby Convey, American footballer

1984 – Blake Ahearn, American basketball player

1984 – Kalle Spjuth, Swedish bandy player

1985 – Chiang Chien-ming, Taiwanese baseball player

1985 – Roberto Soldado, Spanish footballer

1986 – Conor Cummins, Manx motorbike racer

1986 – Timo Descamps, Flemish actor and singer

1987 – Eric Kolelas, French actor

1987 – Gervinho, Ivorian footballer

1990 – Chris Colfer, American actor

1997 – Danny McKinnon, Canadian actor

Deaths

366 – Procopius, Roman usurper (b. 326)

866 – King Ordoño I of Asturias (b. 831)

927 – Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria (b. 864 or 865)

1039 – Dirk III, Count of Holland (b. between 981 and 989)

1444 – John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, English military leader (b. 1404)

1508 – Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (b. 1452)

1525 – Thomas Müntzer, German rebel leader (b. c. 1488)

1541 – Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury (b. 1473)

1564 – John Calvin, French religious reformer (b. 1509)

1610 – François Ravaillac, French assassin of Henry IV of France (b. 1578)

1615 – Margaret of Valois, Queen of Henry IV of France (b. 1553)

1661 – Archibald Campbell, Scottish religious dissident (b. 1607)

1675 – Gaspard Dughet, French painter (b. 1613)

1690 – Giovanni Legrenzi, Italian composer (b. 1626)

1702 – Dominique Bouhours, French essayist and critic (b. 1628)

1707 – Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, French mistress of Louis XIV of France (b. 1640)

1781 – Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist (b. 1716)

1797 – François-Noël Babeuf, French revolutionary (b. 1760)

1831 – Jedediah Strong Smith, American explorer (b. 1799)

1840 – Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1782)

1896 – Aleksandr Grigorievich Stoletov, Russian physicist (b. 1839)

1910 – Robert Koch, German physician, Nobel laureate (b. 1843)

1918 – Ōzutsu Man'emon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 18^th Yokozuna (b. 1869)

1919 – Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Indian social activist (b. 1848)

1926 – Srečko Kosovel, Slovenian poet (b. 1904)

1941 – Gunther Lutjens, German admiral, died in sinking of the German battleship Bismarck (b. 1889)

1941 – Ernst Lindemann, German captain, died in sinking of the German battleship Bismarck (b. 1894)

1945 – Enno Lolling, German SS-Standartenführer died by suicide (b. 1888)

1947 – Ed Konetchy, American baseball player (b. 1885)

1949 – Robert Ripley, American cartoonist (Ripley's Believe It or Not!) (b. 1890)

1953 – Jesse Burkett, American baseball player (b. 1868)

1960 – James Montgomery Flagg, American illustrator (b. 1877)

1963 – Gregoris Lambrakis, Greek physician and politician (b. 1912)

1964 – Jawaharlal Nehru, Indian politician (b. 1889)

1967 – W. Otto Miessner, American composer and music educator (b. 1880)

1967 – Ernst Niekisch, German politician (b. 1889)

1969 – Jeffrey Hunter, American actor (b. 1926)

1973 – P.Ramlee, Malaysian actor, singer and songwriter (b. 1922)

1986 – Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi, Palestinian-born philosopher (b. 1921)

1986 – Giorgos Tzifos, Greek actor (b. 1918)

1987 – John Howard Northrop, American chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1891)

1989 – Arseny Tarkovsky, Russian poet (b. 1907)

1990 – Robert B. Meyner, 44th Governor of New Jersey (b. 1908)

1991 – Leopold Nowak, Austrian musicologist (b. 1904)

1992 – Uncle Charlie Osborne, American fiddler (b. 1890)

1993 – Mary Philbin, American actress (b. 1903)

1993 – Werner Stocker, German actor (b. 1955)

1994 – Charles Rodman Campbell, Executed American rapist and killer (b. 1954)

1997 – Matt Gunther, American pornographic actor (b. 1963)

2000 – Kazimierz Leski, Polish engineer, fighter pilot, intelligence and counter-intelligence officer (b. 1912)

2000 – Sir Crawford Murray MacLehose, Scottish statesman, 25th Governor of Hong Kong (b. 1917)

2000 – Maurice Richard, Canadian hockey player (b. 1921)

2001 – Ramon Bieri, American actor (b. 1929)

2003 – Luciano Berio, Italian composer (b. 1925)

2006 – Rob Borsellino, American columnist (b. 1949)

2006 – Paul Gleason, American actor (b. 1939)

2006 – Craig Heyward, American football player (b. 1966)

2006 – Alex Toth, American cartoonist (b. 1928)

2006 – Oduvil Unnikrishnan, Indian actor (b. 1944)

2007 – Izumi Sakai, Japanese singer (Zard) (b. 1967)

2007 – Gretchen Wyler, American actress (b. 1932)

2007 – Ed Yost, American inventor (b. 1919)

2008 – Franz Künstler, last remaining Austro-Hungarian Empire World War I veteran (b. 1900)

2009 – Thomas Franck, American lawyer (b. 1931)

2009 – Sir Clive Granger, British economist and Nobel Prize winner (b. 1934)

2009 – Abram Hoffer, Canadian Orthomolecular psychiatrist (b. 1917)

2009 – Gérard Jean-Juste, Roman Catholic priest and Haitian political activist (b. 1946)

2009 – Carol Anne O'Marie, American Roman Catholic nun and mystery novelist (b. 1933)

2009 – Sir William Refshauge, Australian public health administrator (b. 1913)

2009 – Paul Sharratt, British-born American television producer (b. 1933)

2010 – Payut Ngaokrachang, Thai animator (b. 1929)

2011 – Jeff Conaway, American actor (b. 1950)

2011 – Margo Dydek, Polish basketball player (b. 1974)

2011 – Gil Scott-Heron, American poet, musician and author (b. 1949)

Holidays and observances

Armed Forces Day (Nicaragua)

Children's Day (Nigeria)

Christian Feast Day:

* Augustine of Canterbury

* Bruno of Würzburg

* Eutropius of Orange

* Hildebert

* Julius the Veteran

* May 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Mother's Day or Día de la Madre (Bolivia)

Slavery Abolition Day (Guadeloupe, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin)

External links

BBC: On This Day

On This Day in Canada

----

Category:Days of the year Category:May

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name	Max Richter
background	non_performing_personnel
born	1966, Germany
occupation	Composer, pianist, producer
years active	1990s–present
label	Fat Cat Records
website	maxrichtermusic.com
notable instruments	}}

Max Richter (born 1966) is a German-born British composer.

Biography

Richter studied composition and piano at University of Edinburgh, the Royal Academy of Music and with Luciano Berio in Florence . After finishing his studies, Richter co-founded the contemporary classical ensemble Piano Circus. He stayed with the group for ten years, commissioning and performing works by Arvo Pärt, Brian Eno, Philip Glass, Julia Wolfe and Steve Reich. The ensemble was signed to Decca/Argo, producing five albums. In 1996, Max collaborated with Future Sound of London on their album Dead Cities, beginning as a pianist, but ultimately working on several tracks, as well as co-writing one track (titled "Max"). Richter subsequently worked with the band over a period of two years, also contributing to the albums The Isness and The Peppermint Tree and Seeds of Superconsciousness. In 2000, Richter worked with Mercury Prize winner Roni Size on the Reprazent album In the Mode. Richter produced Vashti Bunyan's album Lookaftering (2005) and Kelli Ali's album Rocking Horse in 2008.

Solo work

In 2002, Richter released his solo debut Memoryhouse, an experimental album of “documentary music” recorded with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, which explores real and imaginary stories and histories. It combines ambient sounds, voices, and poetry readings. The album went out of print several years later, but was re-released in 2009. Four tracks (“Europe, After the Rain”, “The Twins (Prague)”, “Fragment“, and “Embers”) were used in the six-part 2005 BBC documentary Auschwitz: The Nazis and the Final Solution produced by Laurence Rees. On his second album, The Blue Notebooks (2004), actress Tilda Swinton reads from Kafka’s Blue Octavo and other "shadow journals". Songs from Before (2006) features Robert Wyatt reading texts by Haruki Murakami. Richter released his fourth solo album 24 Postcards in Full Colour, a collection of 24 classically-composed miniatures for ringtones, in 2008. The pieces are a series of variations on the basic material, scored for strings, piano and electronics. Richter's latest album, Infra, is an extension of his 25-minute score for a ballet choreographed by Wayne McGregor which was staged at the Royal Opera House. Infra is composed of music written for piano, electronics and string quintet, the full performance score, as well as material that subsequently developed from the construction of the album.

Film Scores

Richter has composed numerous film soundtracks. He executed the score to Ari Folman’s Golden Globe-winning film Waltz with Bashir in 2007, supplanting the standard orchestral soundtrack with synth-based sounds. Richter wrote the music for Feo Aladag's film Die Fremde (with additional music by Stéphane Moucha). In 2010, Dinah Washington's "This Bitter Earth" was remixed with Richter's "On the Nature of Daylight" for the Martin Scorsese film Shutter Island. In July 2010, "On The Nature Of Daylight" and "Vladimir's Blues" featured throughout the BBC Two two-part drama Dive, which was co-written by Bafta award winning Dominic Savage and Simon Stevens. Richter also wrote the soundtrack to Peter Richardson’s documentary, How to die in Oregon,and the score to Les Impardonnables (2011) directed by André Téchiné. Films featuring Max's music which go on release in 2011 include French drama Elle s’appelait Sarah by Gilles Paquet-Brenner, and David MacKenzie's romantic thriller Perfect Sense. Richter is currently composing the score to Ari Folman’s new film The Congress which is set for release in 2012-13.

Collaborations

Richter wrote the score to Infra as part of a Royal Ballet-commissioned collaboration with dancer Wayne McGregor and artist Julian Opie. The production was staged at the Royal Opera House in London in 2008. In 2010, Richter's soundscape The Anthropocine formed part of Darren Almond’s film installation at the White Cube gallery in London.

Solo discography

Memoryhouse (BBC, 2002)

The Blue Notebooks (Fat Cat Records, 2004)

Songs from Before (Fat Cat Records, 2006)

24 Postcards in Full Colour (Fat Cat Records, 2008)

Infra (Fat Cat Records, 2010)

Film scores

Soundproof (2006) Director: Edmund Coulthard

Henry May Long (2007) Director: Randy Sharp

Hope (2007) Director: Stanislav Mucha

Waltz with Bashir (2008) Director: Ari Folman. Won 'Best Composer' at the 21st annual European Film Awards.

Darwin – Notes From A Genius (2008) Producer: Jeremy Bristow

Frankie Howerd: Rather You Than Me Director: John Alexander

Die Wilde Farm (2009) Director: Dominique Garing & Frédéric Goupil

Lila, Lila (2009) Director: Alain Gsponer

Penelopa (2009) Director: Brian Ferris

How to Die in Oregon (2010) Director: Peter D. Richardson

Sarah’s Key (2010) Director: Gilles Paquet-Brenner

My Trip to Al-Qaeda (2010) Director: Alex Gibney

Die Fremde (2010) Director: Feo Aladağ

The Womb (2010) Director: Benedek Fliegauf

Impardonnables (2011) Director: André Téchiné

Perfect Sense (2011) Director: David MacKenzie

References

External links

Official Website

Max Richter on Myspace

FatCat Records Artist page

Max Richter Facebook

Max Richter Twitter

Review of 'Infra' in Tokafi Magazine

Review of 'Infra' in Nowness magazine

Category:21st-century classical composers Category:European Film Awards winners (people) Category:Postminimalist composers Category:Experimental composers Category:British film score composers Category:German film score composers Category:British pianists Category:German pianists Category:British people of German descent Category:1966 births Category:Living people

de:Max Richter (Komponist) es:Max Richter fr:Max Richter he:מקס ריכטר hu:Max Richter pl:Max Richter pt:Max Richter ru:Рихтер, Макс

Name	Janis Joplin
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Janis Lyn Joplin
Born	January 19, 1943 Port Arthur, Texas, United States
Died	October 04, 1970 Los Angeles, California, United States
Instrument	Vocals, guitar, autoharp, harmonica, percussion
Genre	Blues-rock, psychedelic rock, blues, hard rock, soul, country, folk
Occupation	Singer, songwriter, musician, arranger, painter, dancer
Years active	1962–1970
Label	Columbia
Associated acts	Big Brother & the Holding CompanyKozmic Blues BandFull Tilt Boogie Band The Grateful Dead
Website	officialjanis.com }}

Janis Lyn Joplin (January 19, 1943 – October 4, 1970) was an American singer, songwriter, painter, dancer and music arranger. She rose to prominence in the late 1960s as the lead singer of Big Brother and the Holding Company and later as a solo artist with her backing groups, The Kozmic Blues Band and The Full Tilt Boogie Band. At the height of her career she was known as The Queen of Rock and Roll as well as The Queen of Psychedelic Soul. Rolling Stone magazine ranked Joplin number 46 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time in 2004, and number 28 on its 2008 list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time.

Early life: 1943–1965

Janis Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on January 19, 1943, to Dorothy (née East) Joplin (1913–1998), a registrar at a business college, and her husband, Seth Joplin (1910–1987), an engineer at Texaco. She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura. The family attended the Church of Christ. The Joplins felt that Janis always needed more attention than their other children, with her mother stating, "She was unhappy and unsatisfied without [receiving a lot of attention]. The normal rapport wasn't adequate."

As a teenager, she befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by African-American blues artists Bessie Smith and Leadbelly, whom Joplin later credited with influencing her decision to become a singer. She began singing in the local choir and expanded her listening to blues singers such as Odetta and Big Mama Thornton.

Primarily a painter while still in school, she first began singing blues and folk music with friends. While at Thomas Jefferson High School, she stated that she was mostly shunned. Joplin was quoted as saying, "I was a misfit. I read, I painted, I didn't hate niggers." As a teen, she became overweight and her skin broke out so badly she was left with deep scars which required dermabrasion. Other kids at high school would routinely taunt her and call her names like "pig," "freak" or "creep." Among her classmates were G. W. Bailey and Jimmy Johnson.

Joplin graduated from high school in 1960 and attended Lamar State College of Technology in Beaumont, Texas, during the summer and later the University of Texas at Austin, though she did not complete her studies. The campus newspaper The Daily Texan ran a profile of her in the issue dated July 27, 1962 headlined "She Dares To Be Different." The article began, "She goes barefooted when she feels like it, wears Levi's to class because they're more comfortable, and carries her Autoharp with her everywhere she goes so that in case she gets the urge to break into song it will be handy. Her name is Janis Joplin."

Cultivating a rebellious manner, Joplin styled herself in part after her female blues heroines and, in part, after the Beat poets. Her first song recorded on tape, at the home of a fellow student in December 1962, was "What Good Can Drinkin' Do". She left Texas for San Francisco ("just to get away from Texas," she said, "because my head was in a much different place") in January 1963, living in North Beach and later Haight-Ashbury. In 1964, Joplin and future Jefferson Airplane guitarist Jorma Kaukonen recorded a number of blues standards, further accompanied by Margareta Kaukonen on typewriter (as percussion instrument). This session included seven tracks: "Typewriter Talk," "Trouble In Mind," "Kansas City Blues," "Hesitation Blues", "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out", "Daddy, Daddy, Daddy" and "Long Black Train Blues," and was later released as the bootleg album The Typewriter Tape.

Around this time her drug use increased, and she acquired a reputation as a "speed freak" and occasional heroin user. She also used other psychoactive drugs and was a heavy drinker throughout her career; her favorite beverage was Southern Comfort.

In the spring of 1965, Joplin's friends, noticing the physical effects of her amphetamine habit (she was described as "skeletal" and "emaciated"), persuaded her to return to Port Arthur, Texas. In May 1965, Joplin's friends threw her a bus-fare party so she could return home. Back in Port Arthur, she changed her lifestyle. She avoided drugs and alcohol, began wearing relatively modest dresses, adopted a beehive hairdo, and enrolled as a sociology major at Lamar University in nearby Beaumont, Texas. During her year at Lamar University, she commuted to Austin to perform solo, accompanying herself on guitar. One of her performances was reviewed in the Austin American-Statesman. Joplin became engaged to a man who visited her, wearing a blue serge suit, to ask her father for her hand in marriage, but the man terminated plans for the marriage soon afterwards.

Big Brother and the Holding Company: 1966–1968

In 1966, Joplin's bluesy vocal style attracted the attention of the psychedelic rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company, a band that had gained some renown among the nascent hippie community in Haight-Ashbury. She was recruited to join the group by Chet Helms, a promoter who had known her in Texas and who at the time was managing Big Brother. Helms brought her back to San Francisco and Joplin joined Big Brother on June 4, 1966. Her first public performance with them was at the Avalon Ballroom in San Francisco. In June she was photographed at an outdoor concert that celebrated the summer solstice. The image, which was later published in two books by David Dalton, shows her before she relapsed into drugs. Due to persistent persuading by keyboardist and close friend Stephen Ryder, Joplin avoided drug use for several weeks, enjoining bandmate Dave Getz to promise that using needles would not be allowed in their rehearsal space or in her apartment or in the homes of her bandmates whom she visited. When a visitor injected drugs in front of Joplin and Getz, Joplin angrily reminded Getz that he had broken his promise. A San Francisco concert from that summer was recorded and released in the 1984 album Cheaper Thrills. In July all five bandmates and guitarist James Gurley's wife Nancy moved to a house in Lagunitas, California where they lived communally. They often partied with the Grateful Dead, who lived less than two miles away.

On August 23, 1966, during a four week engagement in Chicago, the group signed a deal with independent label Mainstream Records. Joplin relapsed into drinking when she and her bandmates (except for Peter Albin) joined some "alcoholic hipsters," as Joplin biographer Ellis Amburn described them, in Chicago. The band recorded tracks in a Chicago recording studio, but the label owner Bob Shad refused to pay their airfare back to San Francisco. Shortly after four of the five musicians drove from Chicago to Northern California with very little money (Albin traveled by plane), they returned to Lagunitas. It was there that Joplin relapsed into intravenous drug use with the encouragement of James' wife Nancy Gurley. Three years later Joplin, by then using a different band, was informed of Nancy's death from an overdose.

One of Joplin's earliest major performances in 1967 was the Mantra-Rock Dance, a musical event held on January 29 at the Avalon Ballroom by the San Francisco Hare Krishna temple. Janis Joplin and Big Brother performed there along with the Hare Krishna founder Bhaktivedanta Swami, Allen Ginsberg, Moby Grape, and Grateful Dead, donating proceeds to the Krishna temple.

In early 1967, Joplin met Country Joe McDonald of the group Country Joe and the Fish. The pair lived together as a couple for a few months. Joplin and Big Brother began playing clubs in San Francisco, at the Fillmore West, Winterland and the Avalon Ballroom. They also played at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, as well as in Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia, the Psychedelic Supermarket in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Golden Bear Club in Huntington Beach, California.

The band's debut album was released by Columbia Records in August 1967, shortly after the group's breakthrough appearance in June at the Monterey Pop Festival. Two songs from Big Brother's set at Monterey were filmed. Combination of the Two and a version of Big Mama Thornton's Ball and Chain appear in the DVD box set of D.A. Pennebaker's documentary Monterey Pop released by The Criterion Collection. The film captured Cass Elliot, singer in The Mamas and the Papas, seated in the audience silently mouthing "Wow! That's really heavy!" during Joplin's performance of Ball and Chain. Only Ball and Chain was included in the film that was released to theaters nationwide in 1969 and shown on television in the 1970s. Those who did not attend Monterey Pop saw the band's performance of Combination of the Two for the first time in 2002 when The Criterion Collection released the box set.

After switching managers from Chet Helms to Julius Karpen in 1966, the group signed with top artist manager Albert Grossman, whom they met for the first time at Monterey Pop. For the remainder of 1967, Big Brother performed mainly in California. On February 16, 1968, the group began its first East Coast tour in Philadelphia, and the following day gave their first performance in New York City at the Anderson Theater. On April 7, 1968, the last day of their East Coast tour, Joplin and Big Brother performed with Jimi Hendrix, Buddy Guy, Joni Mitchell, Richie Havens, Paul Butterfield, and Elvin Bishop at the "Wake for Martin Luther King, Jr." concert in New York.

Live at Winterland '68, recorded at the Winterland Ballroom on April 12 and 13, 1968, features Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company at the height of their mutual career working through a selection of tracks from their albums. A recording became available to the public for the first time in 1998 when Sony Music Entertainment released the compact disc.

During the spring of 1968, Joplin and Big Brother made their nationwide television debut on The Dick Cavett Show, an ABC daytime variety show hosted by Dick Cavett. Shortly thereafter, network employees wiped the videotape. In later years she made three appearances on the primetime Cavett program, and all were preserved. Throughout 1968, the band was billed as "Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company," although the media coverage given to Joplin incurred resentment among the other members of the band. The other members of Big Brother thought that Joplin was on a "star trip," while others were telling Joplin that Big Brother was a terrible band and that she ought to dump them.

TIME magazine called Joplin "probably the most powerful singer to emerge from the white rock movement," and Richard Goldstein, wrote for the May 1968 issue of Vogue magazine that Joplin was "the most staggering leading woman in rock... she slinks like tar, scowls like war... clutching the knees of a final stanza, begging it not to leave... Janis Joplin can sing the chic off any listener."

Cheap Thrills

For her first major studio recording, Janis played a major role in the arrangement and production of the recordings that would become Big Brother And The Holding Company's second album, Cheap Thrills. During the recording, Joplin was the said to be the first person to enter the studio and the last person to leave. The album featured a cover design by counterculture cartoonist Robert Crumb. Although Cheap Thrills sounded as if it consisted of concert recordings, only Ball and Chain was actually recorded in front of a paying audience; the rest of the tracks were studio recordings. The album had a raw quality, including the sound of a cocktail glass breaking and the broken shards being swept away during the song Turtle Blues. Together with the premiere of the documentary film Monterey Pop at New York's Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on December 26, 1968, the album launched Joplin's successful, albeit short, musical career.

Cheap Thrills reached #1 on the Billboard 200 album chart eight weeks after its release, remaining for eight (nonconsecutive) weeks. The album was certified gold at release and sold over a million copies in the first month of its release. The lead single from the album, "Piece of My Heart" reached #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the fall of 1968.

The band made another East Coast tour during July–August 1968, performing at the Columbia Records convention in Puerto Rico and the Newport Folk Festival. After returning to San Francisco for two hometown shows at the Palace of Fine Arts Festival on August 31 and September 1, Joplin announced that she would be leaving Big Brother. The group continued touring through the fall and Joplin gave her last official performance with Big Brother at a Family Dog benefit on December 1, 1968.

Solo career: 1969–1970

Kozmic Blues Band

After splitting from Big Brother And The Holding Company, Joplin formed a new backup group, the Kozmic Blues Band. The band was influenced by the Stax-Volt Rhythm and Blues bands of the 1960s, as exemplified by Otis Redding and the Bar-Kays. The Stax-Volt R&B; sound was typified by the use of horns and had a more bluesy, funky, soul, pop-oriented sound than most of the hard-rock psychedelic bands of the period.

By early 1969, Joplin was allegedly shooting at least $200 worth of heroin per day, although efforts were made to keep her clean during the recording of I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!. Gabriel Mekler, who produced the Kozmic Blues, told publicist-turned-biographer Myra Friedman after Joplin's death that the singer had lived in his house during the June 1969 recording sessions at his insistence so he could keep her away from drugs and her drug-using friends.

The Kozmic Blues Band performed on many television shows with Joplin. On one episode of The Dick Cavett Show they performed Try (Just A Little Bit Harder) as well as To Love Somebody. As Cavett interviewed Joplin, she admitted that she had a terrible time touring in Europe, claiming that audiences there are very uptight and don't get down. She also revealed that she was a big fan of the then unknown Tina Turner, saying that she was an incredible singer, dancer and show woman.

I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!

The Kozmic Blues album, released in September 1969, was certified gold later that year but did not match the success of Cheap Thrills. Reviews of the new group were mixed. Some music critics, including Ralph J. Gleason of the San Francisco Chronicle, were negative. Gleason wrote that the new band was a "drag" and that Joplin should "scrap" her new band and "go right back to being a member of Big Brother...(if they'll have her)." Other reviewers, such as reporter Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post generally ignored the band's flaws and devoted entire articles to celebrating the singer's magic. I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! reached #6 on the Billboard 200 weeks after it's release.

Joplin and the Kozmic Blues Band toured North America and Europe throughout 1969, appearing at Woodstock in the early morning hours of Sunday, August 17. Her friend Peggy Caserta claimed in a 1973 book that she encouraged Joplin to perform at the festival. Joplin informed her band that they would be performing at the concert as if it were just another gig. When she and the band flew by helicopter from a nearby motel to the festival site and Joplin saw the enormous crowd she instantly became incredibly nervous and giddy. The documentary film of the festival that was released to theaters the following year includes, on the left side of a split screen (filmmaking), 37 seconds of footage of Joplin and Caserta walking toward her dressing room tent. By most accounts, Woodstock was not a happy affair for Joplin. Faced with a ten hour wait after arriving at the backstage area, she shot heroin with Caserta and was drinking alcohol, so by the time she hit the stage, she was "three sheets to the wind." On stage her voice became slightly hoarse and wheezy and she found it hard to dance. She pulled through, however, and the audience was so pleased they cheered her on for an encore, causing her to perform Ball and Chain twice. Joplin was unhappy with her performance and blamed Caserta. Her singing was not included in the documentary film or the hit soundtrack, although the 25th anniversary director's cut of Woodstock includes her performance of Work Me, Lord.

In addition to Woodstock, Joplin also had problems four months later at Madison Square Garden where, as she told rock journalist David Dalton, the audience watched and listened to "every note [she sang] with 'Is she gonna make it?' in their eyes." In her interview with Dalton she added that she felt most comfortable performing at small, cheap venues in San Francisco that were associated with the counterculture. At the time of this June 1970 interview she already had performed in the Bay Area for what turned out to be the last time.

Sam Andrew, the lead guitarist who had left Big Brother with Joplin in December 1968 to form her back-up band, quit in late summer 1969 and returned to Big Brother without her. At the end of the year, the Kozmic Blues Band broke up. Their final gig with Joplin was at Madison Square Garden in New York City on the night of December 19–20, 1969.

Full Tilt Boogie Band

In February 1970, Joplin traveled to Brazil, where she stopped her drug and alcohol use. She was accompanied on vacation there by her friend Linda Gravenites, who had designed the singer's stage costumes from 1967 to 1969. Joplin was romanced by a fellow American tourist named David (George) Niehaus, who was traveling around the world. A Joplin biography written by her sister Laura said, "David was an upper-middle-class Cincinnati kid who had studied communications at Notre Dame. ... [and] had joined the Peace Corps after college and worked in a small village in Turkey. ... He tried law school, but when he met Janis he was taking time off." Niehaus and Joplin were photographed by the press at Rio Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. Gravenites also took color photographs of the two during their Brazilian vacation. According to Joplin biographer Ellis Amburn, in Gravenites' snapshots they "look like a carefree, happy, healthy young couple having a tremendously good time." Rolling Stone magazine interviewed Joplin during an international phone call, quoting her, "I'm going into the jungle with a big bear of a beatnik named David Niehaus. I finally remembered I don't have to be on stage twelve months a year. I've decided to go and dig some other jungles for a couple of weeks." Amburn added in 1992, "Janis was trying to kick heroin in Brazil, and one of the nicest things about George was that he wasn't into drugs."

Joplin began using heroin again when she returned to the United States. Her relationship with Niehaus soon ended because of his witnessing her shooting drugs at her new home in Larkspur, California, her relationship with Peggy Caserta, who also was an intravenous addict, and her refusal to take some time off work and travel the world with him. Around this time she formed her new band, the Full Tilt Boogie Band. The band was composed mostly of young Canadian musicians and featured an organ, but no horn section. Joplin took a more active role in putting together the Full Tilt Boogie Band than she did with her prior group. She was quoted as saying, "It's my band. Finally it's my band!"

The Full Tilt Boogie Band began touring in May 1970. Joplin remained quite happy with her new group, which received mostly positive feedback from both her fans and the critics. Prior to beginning a summer tour with Full Tilt Boogie, she performed in a reunion with Big Brother at the Fillmore West in San Francisco on April 4, 1970. Recordings from this concert were included in an in-concert album released posthumously in 1972. She again appeared with Big Brother on April 12 at Winterland where she and Big Brother were reported to be in excellent form. By the time she began touring with Full Tilt Boogie, Joplin told people she was drug-free, but her drinking increased.

From June 28 to July 4, 1970, Joplin and Full Tilt joined the all-star Festival Express tour through Canada, performing alongside the Grateful Dead, Delaney and Bonnie, Rick Danko and The Band, Eric Andersen and Ian and Sylvia. They played concerts in Toronto, Winnipeg and Calgary. Footage of her performance of the song Tell Mama in Calgary became an MTV video in the early 1980s and was included on the 1982 Farewell Song album. The audio of other Festival Express performances was included on that 1972 Joplin In Concert album. Video of the performances was included on the Festival Express DVD.

In the Tell Mama video shown on MTV in the 1980s, Joplin wore a psychedelically colored loose-fitting costume and feathers in her hair. This was her standard stage costume in the spring and summer of 1970. She chose the new costumes after her friend and designer, Linda Gravenites (whom Joplin had praised in the May 1968 issue of Vogue), cut ties with Joplin shortly after their return from Brazil, due largely to Joplin's continued use of heroin.

During the Festival Express tour, Joplin was accompanied by Rolling Stone writer David Dalton, who would later write several articles and a book on Joplin. She told Dalton:

Pearl

Among her last public appearances were two broadcasts of The Dick Cavett Show. In a June 25, 1970, appearance, she announced that she would attend her ten-year high-school class reunion. When asked if she had been popular in school, she admitted that when in high school, her schoolmates "laughed me out of class, out of town and out of the state." In the August 3, 1970, Cavett broadcast, Joplin referred to her upcoming performance at the Festival for Peace to be held at Shea Stadium in Queens, New York, on August 6, 1970.

Joplin attended the reunion on August 14, accompanied by fellow musician and friend Bob Neuwirth, road manager John Cooke, and her sister Laura, but it reportedly proved to be an unhappy experience for her. Joplin held a press conference in Port Arthur during her reunion visit. Interviewed by Rolling Stone journalist Chet Flippo, she was reported to wear enough jewelry for a "Babylonian whore." When asked by a reporter during the reunion if Joplin entertained at Thomas Jefferson High School when she was a student there, Joplin replied, "Only when I walked down the aisles." Joplin denigrated Port Arthur and the people who'd humiliated her a decade earlier in high school.

Joplin's last public performance, with the Full Tilt Boogie Band, took place on August 12, 1970, at the Harvard Stadium in Boston, Massachusetts. A positive review appeared on the front page of The Harvard Crimson newspaper despite the facts that Full Tilt Boogie performed with makeshift sound amplifiers after their regular equipment was stolen in Boston and Joplin was reportedly so intoxicated when she took the stage, she was only able to perform two songs.

During late August, September and early October 1970, Joplin and her band rehearsed and recorded a new album in Los Angeles with producer Paul A. Rothchild, who had produced recordings for The Doors. Although Joplin died before all the tracks were fully completed, there was still enough usable material to compile a long-playing record.

The result of the sessions was the posthumously released Pearl (1971). It became the biggest selling album of her career and featured her biggest hit single, a cover of Kris Kristofferson's Me and Bobby McGee. Kristofferson had been Joplin's lover in the spring of 1970. The opening track Move Over was written by Joplin, reflecting the way that she felt men treated women. Also included was the social commentary of the a cappella Mercedes Benz, written by Joplin, Bob Neuwirth and beat poet Michael McClure. The track on the album features the first and only take that Joplin recorded. The track Buried Alive In The Blues, to which Joplin had been scheduled to add her vocals on the day she was found dead, was included as an instrumental. In 2003, Pearl was ranked #122 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Joplin checked into the Landmark Motor Hotel on August 24, 1970, which was located in Hollywood Heights near Sunset Sound Recorders where she began rehearsing and recording her album. During the sessions, Joplin continued a relationship with Seth Morgan, a 21-year-old UC Berkeley student, cocaine dealer and future novelist who had visited her new home in Larkspur, California several times in July and August. She and Morgan became engaged to be married in early September even though he visited Sunset Sound Recorders for just eight of the many sessions when Joplin worked, much to her dismay. Much later Morgan told biographer Myra Friedman that as a non-musician he felt excluded while in the studio. He stayed at Joplin's Larkspur home for days at a time while Joplin stayed alone at the Landmark, although several times she visited Larkspur to be with him and to check the progress of renovations she was having done on the house.

Peggy Caserta claimed in her 1973 book Going Down With Janis that she and Joplin had decided mutually in April 1970 to stay away from each other to avoid enabling each other's drug use. Caserta, a former Delta Airlines stewardess and owner of a clothing boutique in the Haight Ashbury, said that by September 1970 she had resorted to smuggling marijuana throughout California and she checked into the Landmark that month because it attracted drug users. Joplin learned of Caserta's presence in Los Angeles and staying at the same hotel from a heroin dealer who made deliveries to the Landmark. Joplin begged Caserta for heroin and within a few days became a regular customer of that heroin dealer.

Joplin's manager Albert Grossman and his assistant Myra Friedman had taken part in an intervention with Joplin the previous winter. While they worked at Grossman's New York office during the Pearl sessions, they knew Joplin was staying at a Los Angeles hotel but did not know it attracted drug users and dealers.

Death

The last recordings Joplin completed were on October 1, 1970 — Mercedes Benz and a birthday greeting for John Lennon, the Dale Evans Happy Trails. Lennon, whose birthday was October 9, later told Dick Cavett that her taped greeting arrived at his home after her death. On Saturday, October 3, Joplin visited Sunset Sound Recorders in Los Angeles to listen to the instrumental track for Nick Gravenites' song Buried Alive in the Blues prior to recording the vocal track, scheduled for the next day. At some point on Saturday, she learned by telephone that Seth Morgan was staying at her home and using her pool table with other women he had met that day. In the studio she was heard expressing anger about this and about Morgan having broken a promise to visit her the previous night, although she also expressed joy about the progress of the sessions. She and band member Ken Pearson went from the studio to Barney's Beanery for drinks. After midnight, Joplin drove him and a male fan who tagged along to the Landmark Motor Hotel.

When Joplin failed to show up at Sunset Sound Recorders for the next recording session by Sunday afternoon, producer Paul A. Rothchild became concerned. Full Tilt Boogie's road manager, John Cooke, drove to the Landmark. He saw Joplin's psychedelically painted Porsche 356C Cabriolet in the parking lot. Upon entering her room, he found her dead on the floor beside her bed. The official cause of death was an overdose of heroin, possibly combined with the effects of alcohol. Cooke believes that Joplin had accidentally been given heroin which was much more potent than normal, as several of her dealer's other customers also overdosed that week. Peggy Caserta admitted that, like Seth Morgan, she, too, had promised to visit Joplin at the Landmark on Friday night, October 2 and had stood her up in order to party with drug users who were staying at another Los Angeles hotel. According to Going Down With Janis, Caserta learned from the dealer who sold heroin to her and Joplin that on Saturday Joplin expressed sadness about two friends having abandoned her the previous night.

Joplin was cremated in the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Mortuary in Los Angeles; her ashes were scattered from a plane into the Pacific Ocean and along Stinson Beach. The only funeral service was a private affair held at Pierce Brothers and attended by Joplin's parents and maternal aunt.

Joplin's will funded $2,500 to throw a wake party in the event of her demise. Around 200 guests received invitations to the party that read, “Drinks are on Pearl,” a reference to Joplin’s nickname. The party, which took place October 26, 1970, at the Lion's Share, located in San Anselmo, California, was attended by Joplin's sister Laura, fiancé, Seth Morgan and close friends, including tattoo artist Lyle Tuttle, Bob Gordon, and road manager John Cooke. Brownies laced with hashish were passed around.

Legacy

Joplin's death in October 1970 at the age of 27 stunned her fans and shocked the music world. Her death was coupled with the fact that another rock icon, Jimi Hendrix, had died sixteen days earlier in September. Music historian Tom Moon wrote that Joplin had "a devastatingly original voice." Music columnist Jon Pareles of the New York Times wrote that Joplin as an artist was "overpowering and deeply vulnerable." Author Megan Terry claimed that Joplin was the female version of Elvis Presley in the ability to captivate an audience.

In 1973, a book about Joplin by her publicist Myra Friedman was excerpted in many newspapers. At the same time, Going Down With Janis by Peggy Caserta attracted a lot of attention with its opening line, which graphically referred to her performing a sex act with Joplin while they were stoned on heroin in September 1970. Joplin's bandmate Sam Andrew much later described Caserta as "halfway between a groupie and a friend." According to an early 1990s statement by a close friend of Caserta who also knew Joplin, Caserta's book Going Down With Janis angered the Los Angeles heroin dealer she described in detail to her readers, including the make and model of his car. A "carful of dope dealers," wrote Ellis Amburn, visited, in 1973, a Los Angeles lesbian bar that Caserta had been frequenting since Joplin was alive. Amburn quoted Caserta's friend Kim Chappell, who happened to be in the alley behind the bar: "I was stabbed because, when Peggy's book came out, her dealer, the same one who'd given Janis her last fix, didn't like it that he was referred to and was out to get Peggy. He couldn't find her, so he went for her lover. When they realized who I was, they felt that my death would also hit Peggy, and so they stabbed me." Despite being "stabbed three times in the chest, puncturing both lungs," Chappell eventually recovered.

According to biographers Alice Echols and Myra Friedman, Peggy Caserta was one of many friends of Joplin who did not become clean and sober until a very long time after the singer's death, and others died from overdoses. One of her Big Brother bandmates got clean and sober as late as 1984. Caserta survived "a near-fatal OD in December 1995," wrote Echols. In 2000, Caserta appeared on-camera as a major source for a segment about Joplin on 20/20 (US television series).

Joplin's extraordinary success as a pioneer in a male-dominated rock industry of the late 1960s was unprecedented. Joplin, along with Grace Slick of the Jefferson Airplane, opened opportunities into the rock music business for future female singers. Stevie Nicks commented that after seeing Joplin perform, "I knew that a little bit of my destiny had changed. I would search to find that connection that I had seen between Janis and her audience. In a blink of an eye she changed my life."

Joplin's body art, with a wristlet and a small heart on her left breast, by the San Francisco tattoo artist Lyle Tuttle, is taken as a seminal moment in the tattoo revolution and was an early moment in the popular culture's acceptance of tattoos as art. Another trademark was her flamboyant hair styles, often including colored streaks and accessories such as scarves, beads and feathers. When in New York City, Joplin, often in the company of actor Michael Pollard, frequented Limbo on St. Marks Place. The performer, well known to the store's employees, made a practice of putting aside vintage and other one-of-a-kind garments she favored on stage and off.

Leonard Cohen's 1974 song "Chelsea Hotel #2" is about Joplin. Likewise, lyricist Robert Hunter has commented that Jerry Garcia's "Birdsong" from his first solo album, Garcia, is about Joplin and the end of her suffering through death. Mimi Farina's composition "In the Quiet Morning", most famously covered by Joan Baez on her 1972 Come from the Shadows album, was a tribute to Joplin.

The 1979 film The Rose was loosely based on Joplin's life. Originally titled Pearl, after Joplin's nickname, and the title of her last album, it was fictionalized after her family declined to allow the producers the rights to her story. Bette Midler earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance.

In 1988, the Janis Joplin Memorial, with an original bronze, multi-image sculpture of Joplin by Douglas Clark, was dedicated in Port Arthur, Texas.

Joplin was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and was given a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005. In November 2009, the Hall of Fame and museum honored her as part of its annual American Music Masters Series. Among the artifacts at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum Exhibition are Joplin's scarf and necklaces, her 1965 Porsche 356 Cabriolet with psychedelically designed painting, and a sheet of LSD blotting paper designed by Robert Crumb, designer of the Cheap Thrills cover. She was the honoree at the Rock Hall's American Music Master concert and lecture series for 2009.

In the late 1990s, the musical play Love, Janis was created with input from Janis's younger sister Laura plus Big Brother guitarist Sam Andrew, with an aim to take it to Off Broadway. Opening in the summer of 2001 and scheduled for only a few weeks of performances, the show won acclaim and packed houses and was held over several times, the demanding role of the singing Janis attracting rock vocalists from relative unknowns to pop stars Laura Branigan and Beth Hart. A national tour followed.

There have been many attempts at making a film about Joplin. On June 13, 2010, producer Wyck Godfrey said Amy Adams starred in director Fernando Meirelles' biographical drama, titled Janis Joplin: Get It While You Can. Previous attempts have included Piece Of My Heart, which was to star Renée Zellweger or Brittany Murphy; The Gospel According To Janis, with director Penelope Spheeris and starring either Zooey Deschanel or P!nk; and an untitled film thought to be an adaptation of Laura Joplin's Off-Broadway play about her sister, with the show's star, Laura Theodore, attached.

Joplin had a profound influence on many singers. Florence Welch of Florence and The Machine spoke of Joplins impact on her own musical prowess in an interview for Why Music Matters in a commercial against piracy:

Discography

; Big Brother and the Holding Company

! Title !! Release date !! Label !! Notes
	1967	Mainstream Records
Big Brother and the Holding Company	1967?	Columbia	Contains 2 extra single tracks
Big Brother and the Holding Company	1967, CD 1999		Contains 2 extra single tracks
	1968
Cheap Thrills	1968, CD 1999		Contains 4 extra tracks
Live at Winterland '68	1998		ASIN: B000007TSP

; Kozmic Blues Band

! Title !! Release date !! Label !! Notes
I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!	1969
I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!	1969, CD 1999		Contains 3 extra tracks

; Full Tilt Boogie Band

! Title !! Release date !! Label !! Notes
	1971		posthumous, 4x Multi-Platinum RIAA
Pearl	1971, CD unknown date
Pearl	1971, CD 1999		Contains 4 extra tracks
Pearl	1971, 2CD 2005		CD1 – 6 other extra tracksCD2 – full selection from The Festival Express Tour, 3 venues

; Big Brother & the Holding Company / Full Tilt Boogie

! Title !! Release date !! Label !! Notes
	1972		ASIN: B0000024Y7

; Later collections

! Title !! Release date !! Label !! Notes
Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits	1973		ASIN B00000K2W1, 7x Multi-Platinum RIAA
	1975
Anthology	1980		2 discs
Farewell Song	1983	Columbia Records	ASIN: B000W44S8E
Cheaper Thrills	1984	Fan Club	ASIN: B000LYA9X8
	1993	Columbia Legacy	3 discs – ASIN: B00000286P
18 Essential Songs	1995	Columbia Legacy	ASIN: B000002B1A, Gold RIAA
The Collection	1995	3 Discs	ASIN: B000BM6ATW
Live at Woodstock: August 19, 1969	1999
Box of Pearls	1999		5 Discs – ASIN: B0009YNSK6
Super Hits	2000	Sony	ASIN: B00004T1E6
Love, Janis	2001	Sony	ASIN: B00005EBIN
Essential Janis Joplin	2003	Sony	ASIN: B00007MB6Y
Very Best of Janis Joplin	2007	Import	ASIN: B000026A35
The Woodstock Experience	2009	Legacy Recordings

References

Further reading

Amburn, Ellis. Pearl: The Obsessions and Passions of Janis Joplin: A Biography. NY: Warner Books, 1992. ISBN 0-446-39506-4.

Caserta, Peggy. Going Down with Janis: Janis Joplin's Intimate Story. Dell: 1974. ASIN: B000NSBNMI.

Dalton, David. Piece of my Heart: A Portrait of Janis Joplin. NY: Da Capo Press, 1991. ISBN 0-306-80446-8.

Echols, Alice. Scars of Sweet Paradise: The Life and Times of Janis Joplin. NY: Henry Holt, 1999. ISBN 0-8050-5394-8.

Friedman, Myra. (1973). Buried Alive: The Biography of Janis Joplin. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-00160-2.

ISBN 1-878923-08-0

Joplin, Laura. Love, Janis. NY: Villard Books, 1992. ISBN 1-888358-08-4.

Stieven-Taylor, Alison. Rock Chicks. Sydney: Rockpool Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-1-921295-06-5.

External links

Biography at The Handbook of Texas Online

JohnGilmore.com: Spotlight on Janis Joplin

Janis Joplin's Kozmic Blues - janisjoplin.net

Re-introducing Janis Joplin - slideshow by The New York Times

Artwork created by Janis Joplin, from her family

Artistic performances

Raise Your Hand Ed Sullivan Show - March 16, 1969

Work Me Lord Woodstock - August 18, 1969

Half Moon Dick Cavett Show - August 3, 1970

Category:1943 births Category:1970 deaths Category:Alcohol-related deaths Category:American blues singers Category:American child singers Category:American female singers Category:American rhythm and blues singers Category:American rock singers Category:American soul musicians Category:Drug-related deaths Category:Big Brother and the Holding Company members Category:Bisexual musicians Category:Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery Category:Deaths by heroin overdose in California Category:Female rock singers Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Musicians from Texas Category:People from Austin, Texas Category:People from Beaumont, Texas Category:People from Port Arthur, Texas Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees‎ Category:University of Texas at Austin alumni Category:Lamar University alumni

ar:جانيس جوبلين bs:Janis Joplin bg:Джанис Джоплин ca:Janis Joplin cs:Janis Joplin cy:Janis Joplin da:Janis Joplin de:Janis Joplin et:Janis Joplin el:Τζάνις Τζόπλιν es:Janis Joplin eu:Janis Joplin fa:جنیس جاپلین fr:Janis Joplin ga:Janis Joplin gl:Janis Joplin hr:Janis Joplin io:Janis Joplin id:Janis Joplin is:Janis Joplin it:Janis Joplin he:ג'ניס ג'ופלין ka:ჯენის ჯოპლინი lv:Dženisa Džoplina lt:Janis Joplin hu:Janis Joplin mk:Џенис Џоплин nl:Janis Joplin ja:ジャニス・ジョプリン no:Janis Joplin nn:Janis Joplin oc:Janis Joplin pl:Janis Joplin pt:Janis Joplin ro:Janis Joplin ru:Джоплин, Дженис sc:Janis Joplin scn:Janis Joplin simple:Janis Joplin sk:Janis Joplinová sl:Janis Joplin sr:Џенис Џоплин sh:Janis Joplin fi:Janis Joplin sv:Janis Joplin tl:Janis Joplin tr:Janis Joplin uk:Дженіс Джоплін zh:珍妮絲·賈普林

name	Justin Bieber
background	solo_singer
birth name	Justin Drew Bieber
birth date	March 01, 1994
birth place	London, Ontario, Canada
origin	Stratford, Ontario, Canada
instrument	Vocals, guitar, piano, percussion, trumpet
genre	Pop, R&B;, teen pop
occupation	Singer, musician, actor
years active	2009–present
label	Island, RBMG
associated acts	Usher
website	justinbiebermusic.com }}

Justin Drew Bieber ( , born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian pop/R&B; singer, songwriter and actor. Bieber was discovered in 2008 by Scooter Braun, who came across Bieber's videos on YouTube and later became his manager. Braun arranged for him to meet with Usher in Atlanta, Georgia, and Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher, and then to a recording contract with Island Records offered by L.A. Reid. Bieber's debut single, "One Time", was released in 2009 and peaked in the top ten in Canada and charted in the top thirty in several international markets. His debut album, the seven-track EP My World, followed in November 2009, and was soon certified platinum in the United States (it was later reissued with two bonus tracks). He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut album chart on the Billboard Hot 100.

Bieber's first full-length studio album, My World 2.0, was released in March 2010. It debuted at number one or within the top ten in several countries and was certified platinum in the United States. It was preceded by the worldwide top-ten single, "Baby". The music video of "Baby" is currently ranked as the most viewed and most discussed YouTube video. Bieber followed-up the release of his debut album with his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, the remix albums My Worlds Acoustic and Never Say Never – The Remixes, and the 3D biopic-concert film Justin Bieber: Never Say Never – which had an opening weekend gross that nearly matched the record for the biggest opening weekend for a concert-film. Bieber released his second studio album, Under the Mistletoe in November 2011, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Bieber has received numerous awards, including Artist of the Year at the 2010 American Music Awards — and has been nominated for numerous awards, including Best New Artist and Best Pop Vocal Album at the 53rd Grammy Awards.

Life and career

1994–2007: Childhood and youth

Bieber was born on March 1, 1994, in London, Ontario, and was raised in Stratford, Ontario. Bieber's mother, Patricia Lynn "Pattie" Mallette, was 18 years old when she became pregnant with her son. Mallette, originally from Stratford, raised her son with the help of her parents, Bruce and Diane. Mallette worked a series of low-paying office jobs, raising Bieber as a single mother in low-income housing. Bieber has maintained contact with his father, Jeremy Jack Bieber, who married another woman and had two children. Bieber's paternal great-grandfather was a German immigrant to Canada. His mother's ancestry is French Canadian. Bieber attended French immersion school at Stratford school Jean Sauve.

During his childhood, Bieber was interested in hockey, soccer, and chess; he often kept his musical aspirations to himself. As he grew up, Bieber taught himself to play the piano, drums, guitar, and trumpet. In early 2007, when he was twelve, Bieber sang Ne-Yo's "So Sick" for a local singing competition in Stratford and placed second. Mallette posted a video of the performance on YouTube for their family and friends to see. She continued to upload videos of Bieber singing covers of various R&B; songs, and Bieber's popularity on the site grew. Chris Hicks, Bieber's A&R; at Island/Def Jam, explained the young artist's huge online following to HitQuarters by saying:

"He was doing something different. He was an attractive white kid singing very soulful R&B; hits. That set him apart immediately from anyone in his range because no one was covering or singing these kind of records. But equally important was that you believed in these songs – it was real. And you wanted to hear more."

2008–10: Discovery, My Worlds, and subsequent releases

While searching for videos of a different singer, Scooter Braun, a former marketing executive of So So Def, clicked on one of Bieber's 2007 videos by accident. Impressed, Braun tracked down the theater Bieber was performing in, located Bieber's school, and finally contacted Mallette. Mallette was reluctant because of Braun's Jewish religion; she remembered praying, "God, I gave him to you. You could send me a Christian man, a Christian label! ... you don’t want this Jewish kid to be Justin’s man, do you?" However, after praying with her church elders and receiving their encouragement, she permitted Braun to fly Bieber, then 13, to Atlanta, Georgia, to record demo tapes. A week after arriving, Bieber sang for R&B; singer/songwriter Usher. Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher. Justin Timberlake was also reportedly in the running to sign Bieber, but lost the bidding war to Usher. Usher then sought assistance in finding a label home for the artist from then manager Chris Hicks, who helped engineer an audition with his contact Antonio L.A. Reid of Island Def Jam Music Group. Reid signed Bieber to Island Records in October 2008 (resulting in a joint venture between RBMG and Island Records) and appointed Hicks as executive Vice-President of Def Jam where he would be able manage Bieber's career at the label. At that point, Bieber and his mother moved to Atlanta temporarily, also the home of Usher and Braun, to record and get counseling from Braun. Braun became Bieber's manager.

Bieber's first single, "One Time", was released to radio while Bieber was still recording his debut album. The song reached number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100 during its first week of release in July 2009, and later peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. During fall 2009 it had success in international markets. The song was certified Platinum in Canada and the US and Gold in Australia and New Zealand. Bieber's first release, an extended play entitled My World, was released on November 17, 2009. The album's second single, "One Less Lonely Girl", and two promo singles, "Love Me", and "Favorite Girl", were released exclusively on the iTunes store and charted within the top forty of the Billboard Hot 100. "One Less Lonely Girl" was later also released to radio and peaked within the top fifteen in Canada and the US, being certified Gold in the latter. My World was eventually certified Platinum in the US and Double Platinum in both Canada and the UK. To promote the album, Bieber performed on several live shows such as mtvU's VMA 09 Tour, European program The Dome, YTV's The Next Star, The Today Show, The Wendy Williams Show, Lopez Tonight, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, It's On with Alexa Chung, Good Morning America, Chelsea Lately, and BET's 106 & Park with Rihanna. Bieber also guest starred in an episode of True Jackson, VP in late 2009.

Bieber performed Stevie Wonder's "Someday at Christmas" for U.S. President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama at the White House for Christmas in Washington, which was broadcast on December 20, 2009, on U.S. television broadcaster TNT. Bieber was also one of the performers at Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest on December 31, 2009. Bieber was a presenter at the 52nd Grammy Awards on January 31, 2010. He was invited to be a vocalist for the remake of We Are The World (a song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie) for its 25th anniversary to benefit Haiti after the earthquake. Bieber sings the opening line, which was sung by Lionel Richie in the original version. On March 12, 2010, a version of K'naan's "Wavin' Flag" recorded by a collective of Canadian musicians known as Young Artists for Haiti was released. Bieber is featured in the song, performing the closing lines.

"Baby", the lead single from his debut album, My World 2.0, which features Ludacris, was released in January 2010 and became his biggest hit thus far, charting at number five in the U.S. and reaching the top ten in seven other countries. Two promo singles "Never Let You Go", and "U Smile" were top thirty hits on the U.S. Hot 100, and top twenty hits in Canada. According to review aggregator Metacritic, the album has received "generally favorable reviews". It debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, making Bieber the youngest solo male act to top the chart since Stevie Wonder in 1963. My World 2.0 also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, Irish Albums Chart, and Australian Albums Chart, and the New Zealand Albums Chart and reached the top ten of fifteen other countries. To promote the album, Bieber appeared on several live programs including The View, the 2010 Kids Choice Awards, Nightline, The Late Show with David Letterman, The Dome and 106 and Park. Bieber collaborated with Sean Kingston on his single "Eenie Meenie" which also appeared on Bieber's debut album. The song reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and Australia, and the top-twenty of most other markets. thumb|left|Bieber performing at the Conseco Fieldhouse, in August 2010 On April 10, 2010, Bieber was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live. On July 4, 2010, Bieber performed at the Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular in New York City. The second single from My World 2.0, "Somebody to Love", was released in April 2010, and a remix was released featuring Bieber's mentor Usher. The single reached number ten in Canada, number fifteen in the United States, and the top twenty in multiple international countries.

On June 23, 2010, Bieber went on his first official headlining tour, the My World Tour, starting in Hartford, Connecticut, to promote My World and My World 2.0. In July 2010, it was reported that Bieber was the most searched for celebrity on the Internet. That same month his music video, "Baby", surpassed Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance" to become the most viewed, and most disliked YouTube video ever. In September 2010, it was reported that Bieber accounted for three percent of all traffic on Twitter, according to an employee of the social-networking site.

Bieber began recording his second album in July 2010 in New York City. At this point, because of puberty, his voice was deeper than it was when he recorded his first album. In April 2010, the singer discussing his vocals remarked, "It cracks. Like every teenage boy, I'm dealing with it and I have the best vocal coach in the world. [...] Some of the notes I hit on "Baby" I can't hit anymore. We have to lower the key when I sing live." British singer/songwriter Taio Cruz confirmed in July 2010 that he is writing songs for Bieber's next album. Hip hop producer Dr. Dre produced two songs with Bieber in July 2010 but it is unknown if they were made for the album, which is currently due for a 2011 release. Bieber guest-starred in the season premiere of the CBS crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, aired on September 23, 2010. He played a "troubled teen who is faced with a difficult decision regarding his only brother". Bieber was also in a subsequent episode which aired on February 17, 2011, in which his character is killed. Bieber performed a medley of "U Smile", "Baby", and "Somebody to Love" and briefly played the drums at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards on September 12, 2010. Bieber announced in October 2010 that he would release an acoustic album, called My Worlds Acoustic. It was released on Black Friday in the United States and featured acoustic versions of songs from his previous albums, and accompanied the release of a completely new song titled "Pray".

2011–present: Never Say Never film, Under the Mistletoe and Believe

A 3-D part-biopic, part-concert film starring Bieber entitled Justin Bieber: Never Say Never, was released February 11, 2011, directed by Step Up 3D director Jon Chu. It topped the box office with an estimated grossing of $12.4 million on its opening day from 3,105 theaters. It grossed $30.3 million for the weekend and was narrowly beaten by the romantic comedy Just Go With It, which grossed $31 million. Never Say Never is said to have exceeded industry expectations, nearly matching the $31.1 million grossed by Miley Cyrus's 2008 3-D concert film, Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert, which holds the record for the top debut for a music-documentary. The film is accompanied by his second remix album, Never Say Never – The Remixes, released February 14, 2011, and features remixes of songs from his debut album, with guest appearances from Miley Cyrus, Chris Brown, and Kanye West, among others.

On February 27, 2011, Bieber attended the 2011 Vanity Fair Oscar Party with American actress and singer Selena Gomez, confirming several months of media speculation about a romantic relationship between the pair. The relationship has since continued to garner significant media attention.

In June 2011, Bieber was ranked number 2 on the Forbes list of Best-Paid Celebrities under 30. He is the youngest star and 1 of 7 musicians on the list raking in with $53 million earned in a 12 month period. On November 1, 2011, Bieber released Under the Mistletoe, his second studio album. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 210,000 copies in its first week of release. Bieber is currently recording his third studio album entitled Believe. Kanye West and Drake are confirmed to be featured on the album.

Image

The Observer newspaper in the UK published a report indicating that Justin Bieber is more influential in the social networking sphere than Barack Obama or The Dalai Lama. According to Jan Hoffman of The New York Times, part of Bieber's appeal stems from his YouTube channel. Long before he released his EP, My World, in mid-November, the YouTube videos attracted millions of views. Braun recognized the appeal. Prior to flying him to Atlanta, Braun wanted to "build him up more on YouTube first" and had Bieber record more home videos for the channel. "I said: 'Justin, sing like there’s no one in the room. But let's not use expensive cameras.' We'll give it to kids, let them do the work, so that they feel like it's theirs", recalled Braun. Bieber continues to upload videos to the same channel and has opened a Twitter account, from which he interacts with fans regularly; his account was reported in November 2010 to have over 6 million followers. Since then he has been consistently gaining followers at an average of 24,000 per day. The accounts also serve marketing purposes; for example, Bieber's music video for "One Time" only began selling quickly after it was uploaded to YouTube. Usher comments that while he and Bieber were both signed at the same age, "I had the chance to ramp up my success, where this has happened to Bieber abruptly." As a result, Usher, Braun, Bieber's bodyguard Kenny, and other adults surrounding Bieber constantly coach him on handling fame and his public image. After signing Bieber, Usher appointed one of his former assistants, Ryan Good, to be Bieber's road manager and stylist. Good, once nicknamed Bieber's "swagger coach", created a "streetwise look" for the singer which consisted of baseball caps, hoodies, dog chains and flashy sneakers. Amy Kaufman of The Los Angeles Times comments, "Though a product of a middle-class suburban upbringing in Stratford, Ontario, Bieber's manner of dress and speech ("Wassup man, how you doin'?" or "It's like, you know, whateva' ") suggest he's mimicking his favorite rappers."

Bieber is often featured in teen magazines such as Tiger Beat, and has been labeled as a "teen hearthrob". Bieber has released a collection of nail varnishes to raise awareness for charity. Wax statues of Bieber are on display at Madame Tussauds wax museums in New York, Amsterdam and London. His change of hairstyle in 2010, and the consequent alterations to Bieber products, led to it being called 'the most expensive musical haircut of all time; one company spent $100,000 to fix its dolls for the 2011 Christmas season.

Personal views

Bieber is a Christian, and said he has a relationship with Jesus, talks to him and that "he's the reason I'm here".

Bieber's comments in a February 2011 profile in Rolling Stone sparked controversy. Asked whether a person should wait until marriage to have sex, Bieber responded, "I don't think you should have sex with anyone unless you love them." Asked about his opinion on abortion, Bieber said he does not "believe in abortion" and that it is "like killing a baby". When asked about abortion in cases of rape, he said, "Well, I think that's really sad, but everything happens for a reason. I don't know how that would be a reason. I guess I haven't been in that position, so I wouldn't be able to judge that." In the same interview, Bieber talked about homosexuality, stating that "It's everyone's own decision to do that. It doesn’t affect me and shouldn't affect anyone else", and Rolling Stone commented, "It is not clear whether he intended to label homosexuality as a lifestyle choice." However, Bieber has also contributed to the It Gets Better Project, a project started in response to the suicide of Billy Lucas, a teenager who was the target of anti-gay bullying.

Bieber has said he is not interested in obtaining United States citizenship, praising Canada as being "the best country in the world", citing its health care system as an example.

Criticism

Bieber has been criticized for looking and sounding younger than his age, his teen-pop music, image, and frequent media attention. He has been a frequent target of Internet bloggers and message board posters, notably by users of Internet message board 4chan and users of YouTube. Nick Collins of The Daily Telegraph speculated that "Bieber's character also appears to strike a particularly sour note with his Internet critics, with many remarks commenting on his youthful appearance, his teen-pop songs, his image as a heart-throb to young teenage girls and his manner of speech".

Discography

My World 2.0 (2010)

Under the Mistletoe (2011)

Believe (2012)

Tour

2009: Urban Behavior Tour

2010–2011: My World Tour

Filmography

rowspan="4"Extreme Makeover: Home Edition Himself

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
rowspan="2"	2009	True Jackson, VP	>rowspan="3"| Guest star
My Date With...
	Silent Library (MTV series)>Silent Library
School Gyrls (film)	School Gyrls	Cameo
Saturday Night Live
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation	Jason McCann
Hubworld	Guest star
The X Factor (UK)	Performer
rowspan="9"	2011	|	Guest star
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation	Jason McCann
Khloé & Lamar	|Episode:The Father In Law (uncredited) Himself playing the NBA Celebrity All Star Game
Saturday Night Live
Justin Bieber: Never Say Never	Himself
Dancing With The Stars	Guest star
So Random!	Himself
Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade	Guest star
The X Factor (UK)	Performer

Awards and nominations

References

Further reading

External links

Category:1994 births Category:Canadian child singers Category:Canadian Christians Category:Canadian dance musicians Category:Canadian expatriate musicians in the United States Category:Canadian Internet personalities Category:Canadian male singers Category:Canadian people of French descent Category:Canadian people of German descent Category:Canadian pop singers Category:Canadian rhythm and blues singers Category:Child pop musicians Category:Hip hop singers Category:Island Records artists Category:Musicians from Ontario Category:People from Stratford, Ontario Category:Living people

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name	Jaden Smith
size	150px
birth name	Jaden Christopher Syre Smith
birth date	July 08, 1998
birth place	Malibu, California, US
occupation	Actor, rapper, songwriter, dancer
yearsactive	2003–present
associated acts	Justin Bieber, Willow Smith
background	solo_singer }}

Jaden Christopher Syre Smith (born July 8, 1998) is an American child actor, rapper, songwriter, dancer, and the son of Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith. He is the elder brother of singer Willow Smith. His breakthrough role was in the 2006 film The Pursuit of Happyness, and he has also starred in the remakes of The Day the Earth Stood Still and The Karate Kid.

Career

Jaden Smith made his film debut in the 2006 film The Pursuit of Happyness as Christopher, the son of Will Smith's character, Chris Gardner. For his role, Smith won the award for the Best Breakthrough Performance at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards. At the 79th Academy Awards, Smith presented the award for the Best Animated Short and the Best Live Action Short, along with acting nominee Abigail Breslin. Smith next appeared as Jacob in the 2008 Scott Derrickson science fiction film, The Day the Earth Stood Still, a remake of the 1951 classic of the same name

In 2010, along with Jackie Chan, Smith starred in The Karate Kid, a remake of the 1984 film. Smith rapped alongside Canadian singer Justin Bieber in the song "Never Say Never". He will also be featured in the new film Amulet. His character will be called Navin, which is supposed to be aired sometime in 2012.

Personal life

Smith was born in Malibu, California, to Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith. He is the half-brother of Trey Smith and is also the brother of Willow Smith. Smith, along with his sister Willow and with his elder brother Trey, are youth ambassadors for Project Zambia in conjunction with the Hasbro corporation-which helps children orphaned by AIDS in Africa. Along with his younger sister, he was homeschooled, and also attends the New Village Leadership Academy – which was co-founded by his parents in the Los Angeles suburb of Calabasas, California. Smith is African-American, and has more distant Portuguese-Jewish, West Indian, and Creole ancestry from his mother's side.

Discography

Year	Song	Peak chart pos									Album
		!style="width:3.5em;font-size:80%"	!style="width:3.5em;font-size:80%"	!style="width:3.5em;font-size:80%"	!style="width:3.5em;font-size:80%"	!style="width:3.5em;font-size:80%"	!style="width:3.5em;font-size:80%"	!style="width:3.5em;font-size:80%"	!style="width:3.5em;font-size:80%"	!style="width:3.5em;font-size:80%"
2010	style="text-align:left;"	11	22	63	2	51	40	20	34	8	Never Say Never – The Remixes

Filmography

Film
Year	Title	Role	Notes
2006	The Pursuit of Happyness	Christopher Gardner, Jr.
2008		Jacob Benson, Jr.
2010		Dre Parker
2011		Himself
2012		Navin
Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
2003–2004	All of Us	Reggie	6 episodes
2008	The Suite Life of Zack and Cody	Travis	Episode: "Romancing the Phone"
Music Videos
! Year	! Artist	! Single	! Notes
2008	Alicia Keys		Cameo Role
	Justin Bieber, Jaden Smith		Rap
Willow Smith		Background dancer

Awards and nominations

Best Performance by a Youth in a Lead or Supporting Role – Male rowspan=5 2009 2010 rowspan=2 2011

Award
Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards	2006	|		The Pursuit of Happyness
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards		Best Young Actor
	Black Reel Awards	2007 ||	Best Breakthrough Performance
Image Awards	Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture
rowspan=2>Teen Choice Awards	Choice Movie: Breakout Male
Choice Movie: Chemistry
MTV Movie Awards	Best Breakthrough Performance
Saturn Award	|	Best Performance by a Younger Actor		The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 film)>The Day the Earth Stood Still
ShoWest Award		|	Breakthrough Male Star of the Year		rowspan=4
Young Artist Award	2011||	Best Performance in a Feature Film Leading Young Actor
MTV Movie Awards	Biggest Badass Star
Kids Choice Awards	|	Best Movie

References

External links

Category:1998 births Category:Actors from Los Angeles, California Category:African American film actors Category:American child actors Category:American people of Jewish descent Category:American people of Portuguese descent Category:Living people Category:Saturn Award winners Category:Children of Entertainers

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