Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a legislature, or to one of its branch. The name is used by a number of member-states of the Commonwealth of Nations, as well as a number of Latin American countries.

Legislative Assemblies in the Commonwealth

A number of colonies in the British Empire were given a degree of involvement in running their own affairs by the creation of a representative body, often named the Legislative Assembly. Typically the Legislative Assembly was partially or wholly elected by popular vote; this was usually in contrast with the other chamber of the legislature, called the Legislative Council, whose membership was generally either nominated by the Governor, or indirectly elected. Conflict between the two chambers frequently led to the Legislative Council being reformed, or even abolished outright, thus leaving the Legislative Assembly as either the more powerful chamber in the parliament, or the only one.

The modern-day Legislative Assembly in a Commonwealth country, either as a national or sub-national parliament, is in most cases an evolution of one of these colonial legislative chambers.

In a number of territories, the name House of Assembly is used instead.

Members of Commonwealth Legislative Assemblies

Members of a Legislative Assembly in a Commonwealth country are usually referred to as a "Member of the Legislative Assembly", commonly abbreviated as MLA; however, in Canada, members of the province of Ontario's Legislative Assembly are known as a "Member of the Provincial Parliament" (MPP, Ontario).

Although Northern Ireland's legislature is called the Northern Ireland Assembly, its members are also known as MLAs.

Examples of Legislative Assemblies in Commonwealth countries

In India, the lower or sole house of each constituent state's parliament is called the Legislative Assembly, or Vidhan Sabha. The same name is also used for the lower house of the legislatures for two of the union territories, Delhi and Puducherry. The upper house in the six states with a bicameral legislature is called the Legislative Council, or Vidhan Parishad. Members of the former are called MLAs, and those of the latter MLCs.

The lower houses of the parliaments of the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia are called the ''Legislative Assembly''. In contrast, the state of Queensland has abolished the former upper house of its parliament, leaving the Legislative Assembly as the sole chamber. The sole house of parliament in the Australian Capital Territory is the Legislative Assembly.

In Malaysia, the State Legislative Assemblies of each individual states are known as Dewan Undangan Negeri. There are thirteen State Legislative Assemblies in Malaysia and it is a unicameral legislature.

Former Legislative Assemblies

In Quebec, the Legislative Assembly was renamed the National Assembly, following the abolition of the Legislative Council in 1968.

In Mauritius, the unicameral Parliament was known as the Legislative Assembly until 1992, when, following the establishment of a republic, it was renamed the National Assembly.

See also

Legislative Council

Category:Commonwealth of Nations Category:Legislatures

cy:Cynulliad deddfu fr:Assemblée législative (Commonwealth) it:Assemblea legislativa

Coordinates	39°46′5.88″N86°9′29.52″N
name	George Smitherman
office	Member of Provincial Parliament for Toronto Centre
term start	1999
term end	January 4, 2010
predecessor	Al Leach
successor	Glen Murray
office2	Minister of Energy and Infrastructure
term start2	June 20, 2008
term end2	November 8, 2009
predecessor2	David Caplan & Gerry Phillips
successor2	Gerry Phillips
office3	Deputy Premier of Ontario
term start3	September 21, 2006
term end3	November 8, 2009
predecessor3	Elizabeth Witmer
successor3	Dwight Duncan
party	Liberal
birth place	Weston, York, Ontario
residence	Toronto
alma mater	Burnhamthorpe High School (did not complete)
occupation	Politician
spouse	Christopher Peloso }}

George Smitherman (born 1964) is a Canadian politician and broadcaster. He represented the provincial riding of Toronto Centre in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1999 to 2010, when he resigned to contest the mayoralty of Toronto in the 2010 municipal election. Smitherman is the first openly gay Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) elected in Ontario, and the province's first openly gay cabinet minister. In January 2011, he joined talk radio station CFRB as a contributor and fill-in host on the 'Live Drive with John Tory' show.

Background

Smitherman was born at Humber Memorial Hospital (now Humber River Regional Hospital Church site) in Weston, Ontario and spent much of his early years in Etobicoke (he briefly lived in East York, Ontario). His parents were Arthur and Irene (Margaret), and George was one of four children.

Smitherman spent a lot of time working with his father's business, Smitty's Haulage (later Sure-Way Transport).

Early politics

Smitherman was active in politics at Burnhamthorpe Collegiate Institute, where he was the high school's student council president. He dabbled in municipal politics in Etobicoke. Smitherman decided against post-secondary education and began his political career. He worked as an organizer for the Ontario Liberal Party and Premier David Peterson. He was chief of staff to Ontario cabinet minister Hugh O'Neil and senior advisor to Ontario federal political ministers Herb Gray and David Collenette. He was chief of staff and campaign manager to one-time Mayor of Toronto Barbara Hall. He also ran a private consulting business and co-owned a photofinishing shop in downtown Toronto until 1994.

Provincial politics

In the 1999 provincial election Smitherman was nominated as the Liberal Party candidate for Toronto Centre-Rosedale. The riding's previous MPP,Progressive Conservative (PC) Al Leach, had chosen not to run again. Former Toronto mayor John Sewell was running as an independent candidate, and activists accusing him of splitting the left-wing vote with the New Democratic Party (NDP). Although a Progressive Conservative government was re-elected, Smitherman won the seat for the Liberals.

In the legislature, Smitherman was nicknamed "Furious George" for his aggressive and often abrasive manner, and rose to become McGuinty's right-hand man and favourite "attack dog".

In the 2003 election Smitherman was re-elected and the Liberals won the election. Dalton McGuinty was sworn in as the 24th Premier of Ontario on October 23, 2003. Smitherman was named to cabinet as Minister of Health and Long-Term Care. He was also named Deputy Premier and the Toronto Regional Minister.

Under Smitherman's leadership, the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care launched the Wait Times Strategy in 2004. The new health care model was designed to reduce wait times for various procedures such as hip and knee replacement, MRIs and CT scans. The Wait Times Strategy also focused on shrinking wait times for cancer, cardiac and cataracts surgeries.

Smitherman also launched the Ministry's "Aging at Home" strategy in 2007. The initiative focused on delivering enhanced community health care services and enabling seniors to live independent, healthy lives at home through home care and other community based services.

In the 2007 election, Smitherman was re-elected as the MPP for Toronto Centre and continued in his roles as Minister of Health and Long-Term Care, Deputy Premier and Toronto Regional Minister.

However, Smitherman was criticized for ignoring calls for an independent investigation into C. difficile deaths in hospitals, and he was unable improve the lives of nursing home residents who were often forced to sit in soiled diapers for hours on end. Smitherman was also criticized for failures related to the implementation of an electronic health records system called eHealth that partly occurred during his tenure as Minister of Health and Long-Term Care. eHealth was under criticism for awarding no-bid contracts, as well as the $647 million spent on its predecessor, Smart Systems for Health Agency, which was shut down and restarted as eHealth. Smitherman's successor David Caplan resigned as Minister in 2009 to take responsibility for mistakes that were made.

On June 20, 2008, Smitherman was shuffled to the new Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, a merger of two formerly separate government departments. McGuinty dismissed suggestions that he combined the energy and infrastructure portfolios to satisfy Smitherman, saying, "I think it's a great fit, it's a natural fit, and it's an essential part of our plan to grow this economy." Smitherman was the first Liberal in the history of Toronto's ''NOW'' magazine to be voted best MPP.

As the Minister of Energy and Infrastructure, Smitherman was responsible for Ontario's Green Energy Act, which was passed in September 2009. The Act encourages investment in green energy production by providing businesses the ability to sell energy produced from renewable sources to the province's electricity grid through a Feed-in-Tariff program. The Green Energy Act has resulted in a series of record-breaking corporate investments in wind and solar energy worth billions of dollars.

The World Wind Energy Association chose Smitherman as the recipient of their annual World Wind Energy Award in 2009 for his outstanding achievements in making Ontario the leading wind energy jurisdiction in North America.

Toronto mayoral election

On September 9, 2009, Smitherman strongly suggested that he would be running for mayor of Toronto in the upcoming 2010 mayoral election. He emphasized that any official announcements would not come before "the unofficial campaign season municipally begins in the new year."

On November 8, Smitherman announced his resignation from the provincial cabinet in order to run for mayor. He remained in the legislature as a backbench MPP until January 4, 2010.

In April 2010, Smitherman's campaign manager, Jeff Bangs, resigned and was replaced by Bruce Davis, chair of the Toronto District School Board and a veteran of local politics.

On August 21, 2010, the Ontario Liberal Party began distributing pamphlets, listing Smitherman's provincial record and endorsements, to 75,000 identified Liberal voters. This partisan endorsement led to speculation that Smitherman's political fortunes were connected with those of the Liberal provincial government. Several other mayoral candidates criticized Premier McGuinty and the provincial Liberals for jumping into the race.

Smitherman admitted telling a volunteer working for rival Rocco Rossi to "screw off". Smitherman claims he was set up by Rossi's campaign and he said the young woman tried to hand him a paper questioning his work with youth before a debate.

Smitherman's campaign has been criticized for swaying first to the left and then the right. After Labour Day, he made fiscal promises to freeze property taxes for a year and cut down on reckless spending.

Following the results of a Nanos Research poll, released on September 19, Smitherman made the following statement "The polling that we've seen tells us that if an election was held now, Rob Ford would be our mayor," Smitherman said. "That obviously provokes a certain distaste and reinforces for us that we need to work harder for the values of our city." The poll put Ford's level of support at 45.8% among decided voters. Smitherman held 21.3%, Joe Pantalone 16.8%, Rocco Rossi stood at 9.7% and Sarah Thomson at 6.4%. Smitherman vowed to lead the "anybody-but-Ford" movement and encouraged strategic voting.

In October, Smitherman picked up support. Sarah Thomson dropped out and endorsed Smitherman. Smitherman and his staff were also pressing some of Rocco Rossi’s key supporters to switch; Rossi soon dropped out due to being unable to improve poll numbers but did not endorse any other candidates. Former Toronto (pre-amalgamation) mayors David Crombie and Art Eggleton also endorsed Smitherman. Several left-leaning councilors who were normally allies of Joe Pantalone, Joe Mihevc, Adam Vaughan, and Pam McConnell, decided to back Smitherman's campaign instead. Smitherman urged strategic voting and repeatedly asserted that "a vote for Joe Pantalone is a vote for Rob Ford". Smitherman also left a voice-mail for outgoing Mayor David Miller, hoping that Miller would persuade Pantalone to bow out, but Miller never returned the call (back in 2003, Barbara Hall's campaign used back-channel efforts to discourage Miller's run for mayor) and gave a public endorsement of Pantalone instead. Following the results of the October 18 Angus Reid Public Opinion Poll, Smitherman and Ford were practically tied for first place, with Ford at 41% and Smitherman at 40%.

On election day, Smitherman finished second with 35.607% of the vote compared to Ford who won 47.114%.

Post-political career

Smitherman joined radio station CFRB on an occasional basis in January 2011. He turned down an invitation from Premier McGuinty to run in the next provincial election but says he intends to run for office again at some point in the future.

Personal life

On August 5, 2007, Smitherman married his partner, Christopher Peloso, a manager with Lindt & Sprüngli, near Elliot Lake, Ontario. On September 26, 2009, the ''Toronto Star'' reported that Smitherman and his spouse had been approved as adoptive parents by the Toronto Children's Aid Society. A close source said that the couple were on a waiting list to adopt a child, Michael.

Smitherman admitted a five-year addiction to an illegal drug before running for political office. Smitherman has not indicated the specific drugs he was addicted to during this time, except to say that they were part of the "Toronto party scene", and that "the drugs were not injected".

Smitherman is estranged from his older brother, saying they didn't fall out but just drifted apart. Arthur, who ran for city council from Ward 8, endorsed Rob Ford for mayor.

Electoral record

{|class="wikitable" |- |Toronto mayoral election, 2010 |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" !width=50%|Candidate !width=25%|Number of votes !width=25%|% of popular vote |- |Rob Ford ||380,201 || 47.098% |- |George Smitherman ||287,393 ||35.602% |- |Joe Pantalone ||94,840 || 11.749% |- |Rocco Rossi ||4,973 || 0.616% |- |Other ||39,842 || 4.936% |- |Total ||807,249 || 100% |}

|- |George Smitherman |align="right"|21,585 |align="right"|47.75% |align="right"|-5.03 |- |Pamela Taylor |align="right"|9,225 |align="right"|20.41% |align="right"|-1.63 |- |Sandra Gonzalez |align="right"|8,528 |align="right"|18.86% |align="right"|-1.28 |- |Mike McLean |align="right"|4,366 |align="right"|9.66% |align="right"|5.82 |- |Michael Green |align="right"|675 |align="right"|1.49% |align="right"| |- |Danish Ahmed |align="right"|256 |align="right"|0.57% |align="right"| |- |Gary Leroux |align="right"|213 |align="right"|0.47% |align="right"| |- |Johan Boyden |align="right"|200 |align="right"|0.44% |align="right"| |- |Philip Fernandez |align="right"|159 |align="right"|0.35% |align="right"|-0.37 |} |- |George Smitherman |align="right"|23872 |align="right"|52.78 |align="right"|13.88 |- |John Adams |align="right"|9968 |align="right"|22.04 |align="right"|-7.84 |- |Gene Lara |align="right"|9112 |align="right"|20.14 |align="right"|11.34 |- |Gabriel Draven |align="right"|1739 |align="right"|3.84 |align="right"|2.98 |- |Philip Fernandez |align="right"|324 |align="right"|0.72 |- |Silvio Ursomarzo |align="right"|218 |align="right"|0.48 |align="right"|-0.27 |} |- |George Smitherman |align="right"|17756 |align="right"|38.9 |- |Durhane Wong-Rieger |align="right"|13640 |align="right"|29.88 |- |John Sewell |align="right"|8822 |align="right"|19.33 |- |Helen Breslauer |align="right"|4019 |align="right"|8.8 |- |Joseph Cohen |align="right"|392 |align="right"|0.86 |- |Paul McKeever |align="right"|344 |align="right"|0.75 |- |Mike Ryner |align="right"|236 |align="right"|0.52 |- |Bill Whatcott |align="right"|232 |align="right"|0.51 |- |Ron Parker |align="right"|205 |align="right"|0.45 |}

References

External links

GeorgeSmitherman.ca

Category:1963 births Category:Gay politicians Category:LGBT politicians from Canada Category:Ontario Liberal Party MPPs Category:Living people Category:Members of the Executive Council of Ontario Category:Deputy premiers of Ontario Category:Ontario municipal politicians Category:People from Weston, Toronto Category:People from York, Toronto

de:George Smitherman fr:George Smitherman

Coordinates	39°46′5.88″N86°9′29.52″N
name	Catherine
title	Duchess of Cambridge (more)
imgw	200px
full name	Catherine Elizabeth
house	House of Windsor
spouse	Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
father	Michael Francis Middleton
mother	Carole Elizabeth (née Goldsmith)
birth date	January 09, 1982
birth place	Reading, Berkshire, England
religion	Anglican (Church of England) }}

Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (Catherine Elizabeth; ''née'' Middleton; born 9 January 1982), popularly known as "Kate", is the wife of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. William is second in line to the thrones of the sixteen Commonwealth realms, and when he becomes king, she will become queen consort. Catherine grew up in Chapel Row at Bucklebury, a village near Newbury, Berkshire, England. She studied in Scotland at the University of St Andrews, where she met William in 2001. They started a romantic relationship that continued until a break-up lasting for several months in 2007. However, they continued to be friends and rekindled their relationship later that year.

Prior to the wedding, Catherine attended many high-profile royal events. Once their relationship became public, Catherine received widespread media attention and there was much speculation that she and William would eventually marry. Their engagement was announced on 16 November 2010, and they married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey.

Biography

Early life and family

Catherine was born at Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading on 9 January 1982 and christened at St Andrew's Bradfield, Berkshire on 20 June 1982. She is the eldest of three children born to Carole Elizabeth Middleton (née Goldsmith), a former flight attendant and now part-owner of Party Pieces, a private company with an estimated worth of £30 million, and Michael Francis Middleton, who also worked as a flight attendant prior to becoming a flight dispatcher for British Airways, currently also an owner of Party Pieces. Her parents married on 21 June 1980, at the Parish Church of Dorney, Buckinghamshire, and in 1987, founded Party Pieces, a mail order company that sells party supplies and decorations. Her siblings are Philippa "Pippa" Charlotte and James Middleton. The family has complained about press harassment of Pippa and their mother since Catherine's engagement.

Catherine's paternal family came from Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, and her great-grandmother Olivia was a member of the Lupton family, who were active for generations in Leeds in commercial and municipal work. Her ancestors include The Rev. Thomas Davis, a Church of England hymn-writer. Carole Middleton's maternal family, the Harrisons, were working class labourers and miners from Sunderland and County Durham.

Catherine's parents were based in Amman, Jordan, working for British Airways from May 1984, to September 1986, where Catherine went to an English language nursery school, before returning to their home in Berkshire. After her return from Amman, Catherine was educated at St Andrew's School near the village of Pangbourne in Berkshire, then briefly at Downe House. She continued her studies at Marlborough College, a co-educational independent boarding school in Wiltshire, followed by the University of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland where she met William. She graduated with an MA (2:1 Hons) in the History of Art.

Career

In November 2006, Catherine accepted a position as an accessory buyer with the clothing chain Jigsaw. She also worked part-time until January 2011 as a catalogue photographer, webpage designer and marketing officer for her parents' firm "Party Pieces". In 2008, it was reported that she had quit her job at Jigsaw to become a professional photographer, intending to take private classes with photographer Mario Testino, who had taken several well-known photographs of Diana, Princess of Wales and her sons. Testino later denied that Catherine was going to be working for him.

Public image and style

Catherine is admired for her fashion sense and has been placed on numerous "best dressed" lists. She was selected by ''The Daily Telegraph'' as the "Most Promising Newcomer" in its 2006 list of style winners and losers. ''Tatler'' placed her at number 8 on its yearly listing of the top ten style icons in 2007. She was featured in ''People'' magazine's 2007 and 2010 best-dressed lists. Catherine was named as one of Richard Blackwell's ten "Fabulous Fashion Independents" of 2007. In June 2008, Style.com selected Catherine as its monthly beauty icon. In July 2008, Catherine was included in ''Vanity Fair''s international best-dressed list. In February 2011, Catherine was named the Top Fashion Buzzword of the 2011 season by the Global Language Monitor.

Relationship with Prince William

Catherine's status as the undeclared girlfriend of William brought her widespread media coverage in Britain and abroad and she was often photographed on her daily outings. On 17 October 2005, she complained through her lawyer about harassment from the media, stating that she had done nothing significant to warrant such publicity. In February 2006, it was announced that Catherine would receive her own 24-hour security detail supplied by the Royalty Protection branch (SO14). This fuelled further speculation that she and William would soon be engaged, since she would not otherwise be entitled to this service.

No engagement was forthcoming and Catherine was not granted an allowance to fund this security. Media attention increased around the time of Catherine's 25th birthday in January 2007, prompting warnings from both Charles and William and from Catherine's lawyers, who threatened legal action. Two newspaper groups, News International, which publishes ''The Times'' and ''The Sun'', and the Guardian Media Group, publishers of ''The Guardian'', decided to refrain from publishing paparazzi photographs of her. Catherine attended at least one event as an official royal guest, William's Passing Out Parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 15 December 2006. In December 2007, it was reported that Catherine had moved in with Prince William at Clarence House, the residence of the Prince of Wales in London. Clarence House later denied this.

On 17 May 2008, Catherine attended the wedding of William's cousin Peter Phillips to Autumn Kelly, which the prince did not attend. On 19 July 2008, she was a guest at the wedding of Lady Rose Windsor and George Gilman. William was away on military operations in the Caribbean, serving aboard the HMS ''Iron Duke''. In 2010, Catherine pursued an invasion of privacy claim against two agencies and photographer Niraj Tanna, who took pictures of her over Christmas 2009. Catherine obtained a public apology, £5,000 in damages, and legal costs.

Breakup and reconciliation

On 14 April 2007, ''The Sun'' newspaper broke a "world exclusive" suggesting that Prince William and Catherine had split up. Other media outlets, such as the BBC, confirmed the story as the day progressed. The couple decided to break up during a holiday in the Swiss resort of Zermatt. Clarence House made only one comment about the relationship's end, according to ''The Times'', stating, "We don't comment on Prince William's private life". Newspapers speculated about the reasons for the split, although these reports relied on anonymous sources.

The original report in ''The Sun'' quoted a "close friend of the couple" as saying that Catherine felt William had not been paying her enough attention. The paper highlighted reports that William had been spending time with other young women and said the Prince, aged 24 at the time of the split, felt he was too young to marry. A report in the ''Daily Mail'' blamed a desire by royal courtiers not to "hurry along" a marriage announcement, and William's desire to enjoy his bachelor status within his Army career. The ''Mail'' also suggested that a friend of William encouraged the Prince to take a "careless approach" to relationships. The same article suggested that Catherine had "expected too much" in wanting William to demonstrate his commitment to her.

In June 2007, Catherine and William insisted they were "just good friends" following reports of a reconciliation. Catherine and her family attended the Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium, where she and William sat two rows apart. The couple were subsequently seen together in public on a number of occasions and several news sources, including the BBC and the ''Daily Mail'', stated that they had "rekindled their relationship". Catherine also joined William and Charles on a deerstalking expedition at Balmoral and attended the wedding of William's cousin, Peter Phillips, even though William, due to a prior commitment, did not. In April 2008, Catherine accompanied William when he was awarded his RAF wings at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell. On 16 June 2008, Catherine attended William's investiture into the Order of the Garter, along with the Royal Family.

Engagement and wedding

Prince William and Catherine Middleton became engaged in October 2010 in Kenya, East Africa, during a 10-day trip to the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy to celebrate William passing his RAF helicopter search and rescue course. Clarence House announced the engagement on 16 November 2010. The couple married in Westminster Abbey on 29 April 2011, (St. Catherine's Day) with the day declared a bank holiday in the United Kingdom. Estimates of the global audience for the wedding range from 300 million to two billion people, whilst 24.5 million watched the event live in the United Kingdom.

Royal duties

Public appearances

Catherine was formally introduced to public life on 24 February 2011, two months before the wedding, when she and William attended a lifeboat naming ceremony in Trearddur, Anglesey in North Wales. A day later they appeared in St Andrews and launched the university's 600th anniversary celebrations. On 16 February 2011, Clarence House announced that the Duke and Duchess's first royal tour of Canada would take place in July 2011.

In May 2011, shortly after the wedding, and while Prince Charles was in official visit to the United States, Clarence House announced that the Duke and Duchess would visit California after their Canadian tour. It was the Duchess of Cambridge's first visit to the United States.

She recently handed out medals to the members of the Irish Guards. Catherine visited the Canadian Museum of Civilization to attend a citizenship ceremony, on 1 July 2011 in Gatineau, Canada. The newly married Royal Couple were on the second day of their first joint overseas tour. They were joined by thousands of Canadians taking part in the Canada Day celebrations, which mark Canada’s 144th Birthday.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

name	The Duchess of Cambridge
dipstyle	Her Royal Highness
offstyle	Your Royal Highness
altstyle	Ma'am }}

9 January 1982 29 April 2011: ''Miss'' Catherine Elizabeth Middleton 29 April 2011 present: ''Her Royal Highness'' The Duchess of Cambridge

Catherine's full title and style is ''Her Royal Highness Princess William Arthur Philip Louis, Duchess of Cambridge, Countess of Strathearn, Baroness Carrickfergus''.

Unlike the majority of royal brides, and in contrast to most previous consorts-in-waiting for over 350 years, Catherine does not come from a royal or aristocratic background. On the morning of their wedding day on 29 April 2011, at 8:00 am, officials at Buckingham Palace announced that in accordance with royal tradition and on recognition of the day by the Queen, Prince William was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus.

Honours

Honorary military appointments

; Canada 5 July 2011 present: Canadian Ranger

Honorific eponyms

;Awards : Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Award, University of Waterloo, Waterloo

Coat of arms

Notes	The Duchess bears the arms of her husband, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, impaled with her own arms. Catherine's coat of arms is based on those of her father Michael Middleton, which was granted to him by the College of Arms on the 19 April 2011. Thomas Woodcock, Garter King of Arms, the senior officer of the College of Arms, helped the family with the design.
Adopted	19 April 2011
Coronet	Coronet of a child of the Heir Apparent
Escutcheon	Quarterly 1st and 4th Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or armed and langed Azure (England), 2nd Or a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counterflory of the second (Scotland), 3rd Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (Ireland), the whole differenced with a label of three points Argent with the central point charged with an escallop Gules (Prince William); Impaled with a shield per pale Azure and Gules, a chevron Or, cotised Argent, between three acorns slipped and leaved Or (Middleton).
Symbolism	right|100px The dividing line (between two colours) down the centre is a canting of the name 'Middle-ton'. The acorns (from the oak tree) are a traditional symbol of England and a feature of west Berkshire, where the family have lived for 30 years. The three acorns also denote the family's three children. The gold chevron in the centre of the arms is an allusion to Carole Middleton's maiden name of Goldsmith. The two white chevronels (narrow chevrons above and below the gold chevron) symbolise peaks and mountains, and the family's love of the Lake District and skiing.
Previous versions	Her previous coat of arms depicted a lozenge shaped shield of arms which hangs from a blue ribbon, this symbolised her unmarried state. This version of the arms is now used only by her sister Pippa as it denotes an unmarried daughter of their father Michael Middleton. }}

Ancestry

In a study of the ancestry of Catherine, William Addams Reitwiesner uncovered that she shares ancestors with her husband Prince William; the closest relationship is via William's mother and Catherine's father through a common descent from Sir Thomas Fairfax and his wife Agnes (or Anne) Gascoigne, daughter of Sir William Gascoigne and his wife, née Lady Margaret Percy. This makes the couple fifteenth cousins. Sir Thomas Fairfax and Agnes Gascoigne are through Catherine's great-grandmother Olive Lupton, daughter of a Leeds cloth merchant Francis Lupton and his wife Harriet (née Davis) – Fairfax being an ancestor of Lupton. In turn Lady Margaret Percy is descended from Edward III.

In his original publication of Middleton's ancestry, Reitwiesner uncovered circumstantial evidence, that has since been disproved, suggesting that Catherine and William were twelfth cousins once removed with common descent from Sir Thomas Leighton and Elizabeth Knollys, the latter a cousin once removed of Elizabeth I.

{{ahnentafel-compact5 |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; |border=1 |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge |2= 2. Michael Middleton |3= 3. Carole Goldsmith |4= 4. Peter Middleton |5= 5. Valerie Glassborow |6= 6. Ronald Goldsmith |7= 7. Dorothy Harrison |8= 8. Noel Middleton |9= 9. Olive Lupton |10= 10. Frederick George Glassborow |11= 11. Constance Robison |12= 12. Stephen Charles Goldsmith |13= 13. Edith Eliza Chandler |14= 14. Thomas Harrison |15= 15. Elizabeth Temple |16= 16. John Middleton |17= 17. Mary Asquith |18= 18. Francis Lupton |19= 19. Harriet Albina Davis |20= 20. Frederick Glassborow |21= 21. Emily Jane Elliott |22= 22. Gavin Fullarton Robison |23= 23. Sarah Ann Gee |24= 24. John Goldsmith |25= 25. Jane Dorsett |26= 26. Theophilus Benjamin Chandler |27= 27. Amelia White |28= 28. John Harrison |29= 29. Jane Hill |30= 30. Thomas Temple |31= 31. Elizabeth Myers }}

Popular culture

Following international attention regarding the wedding, Lifetime aired a TV movie entitled ''William & Kate'' on 18 April 2011, in the US. The film premiered in the UK on 24 April 2011. Catherine was played by Camilla Luddington and William by Nico Evers-Swindell. TV programmes were also shown in the UK prior to the wedding which provided deeper insights into the couple's relationship and backgrounds, including ''When Kate Met William'' and Channel 4's ''Meet the Middletons''.

A second TV Movie is also being produced that covers much the same ground as "William & Kate". That movie titled ''William & Catherine: A Royal Romance'' stars Alice St. Clair as Kate Middleton and Dan Amboyer as Prince William. Of note in this second television movie is the appearance of Jane Alexander as Queen Elizabeth and ''Alias'' alum Victor Garber as Prince Charles. According to The Hollywood Reporter the movie is scheduled to air August 27, 2011 in the United States on the Hallmark Channel. The movie was filmed in Bucharest.

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

}}

External links

The Duchess of Cambridge The British Monarchy official website

Engaged! Prince William and Kate, LIFE, 25 April 2011

"Popular girl who caught royal eye", ''BBC News'', 31 March 2005

"Royal wedding: Family tree", ''BBC News'', 13 April 2011

Cracroft's Peerage

in England and Wales and in Northern Ireland

Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews Category:British baronesses Category:British countesses Category:British duchesses by marriage Category:British princesses by marriage Category:English Anglicans Category:English socialites Category:House of Windsor Category:Mountbatten-Windsor family Category:Old Marlburians Category:Old St Andrews Category:People from Bucklebury Category:Prince William, Duke of Cambridge

af:Catherine, Hertogin van Cambridge ar:كاثرين دوقة كامبريدج an:Catarina de Cambridge az:Ketrin, Kembric hersoginyası be:Кэтрын, герцагіня Кембрыджская bcl:Kate Middleton bs:Catherine Middleton br:Catherine, dugez Cambridge bg:Кейт Мидълтън ca:Caterina, Duquessa de Cambridge cs:Catherine, vévodkyně z Cambridge cbk-zam:Kate Middleton cy:Catherine, Duges Caergrawnt da:Catherine, hertuginde af Cambridge de:Catherine Mountbatten-Windsor, Duchess of Cambridge et:Catherine, Cambridge'i hertsoginna el:Αικατερίνη, Δούκισσα του Κέμπριτζ es:Catalina de Cambridge eo:Kate Middleton eu:Katalina Cambridgekoa fa:کاترین میدلتون fr:Catherine Middleton fy:Catherine, Hartoginne fan Cambridge ga:Kate Middleton gl:Catalina de Cambridge ko:케임브리지 공작 부인 캐서린 hy:Քեյթ Միդլթոն hi:कैथरीन एलिज़ाबेथ मिडिलटन hr:Catherine, vojvotkinja od Cambridgea ilo:Kate Middleton id:Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge ie:Kate Middleton is:Katrín, hertogaynja af Cambridge it:Catherine Middleton he:קתרין, דוכסית קיימברידג' jv:Catherine Elizabeth Middleton kn:ಕ್ಯಾಥರಿನ್ ಮಿಡ್ಲ್‌ಟನ್ lv:Katrīna, Kembridžas hercogiene lt:Catherine, Kembridžo kunigaikštienė hu:Katalin cambridge-i hercegné mk:Кетрин (војвотка од Кембриџ) mt:Catherine Middleton mr:केंब्रिजची डचेस कॅथरीन ms:Catherine, Duchess Cambridge nl:Catherine Middleton ne:क्याथरीन, क्यामब्रिज की रानी ja:キャサリン (ケンブリッジ公爵夫人) no:Catherine, hertuginne av Cambridge nn:Catherine, hertuginne av Cambridge oc:Kate Middleton uz:Catherine Middleton pag:Kate Middleton pnb:کیتھرین ماؤنٹبیٹن ونڈسر pl:Katarzyna, księżna Cambridge pt:Catherine, Duquesa de Cambridge ro:Catherine, Ducesă de Cambridge ru:Кэтрин, герцогиня Кембриджская scn:Catirina Middleton simple:Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge si:කේට්‌ මිඩ්ල්ටන් sr:Кетрин, војвоткиња од Кембриџа fi:Catherine, Cambridgen herttuatar sv:Catherine, hertiginna av Cambridge tl:Catherine, Dukesa ng Cambridge ta:கேட் மிடில்டன் th:แคเธอริน ดัชเชสแห่งเคมบริดจ์ tr:Cambridge Düşesi, Catherine uk:Кетрін, герцогиня Кембриджська vi:Catherine, Công nương Cambridge war:Kate Middleton zh:凱薩琳 (劍橋公爵夫人)

Coordinates	39°46′5.88″N86°9′29.52″N
name	Hon. John Milloy
office	MPP for Kitchener Centre
term start	October 2, 2003
office1	Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities
term start1	October 30, 2007
predecessor1	Chris Bentley
office2	Minister of Research and Innovation
term start2	June 24, 2009
term end2	August 18, 2010
predecessor2	John Wilkinson
successor2	Glenn Murray
party	Liberal
residence	Kitchener, Ontario
footnotes	}}

John Christopher Milloy (born June 29, 1965 in Kitchener, Ontario) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is the Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities in the cabinet of Dalton McGuinty and member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario for the riding of Kitchener Centre. He is a member of the Ontario Liberal Party.

Milloy has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Carleton University, a Master of Arts degree in International History from the London School of Economics, and a Doctorate in Modern History from Oxford University. Before his election, he worked at the Centre for International Governance Innovation in Waterloo, Ontario. He was a legislative assistant to Prime Minister of Canada Jean Chrétien from 1997 to 2002, and has also worked as an assistant to Stéphane Dion, John Manley and Yvonne O'Neill.

He won the Liberal nomination in Kitchener Centre on February 2, 2003, and defeated incumbent Progressive Conservative Wayne Wettlaufer by about 2000 votes in the provincial election held later in the year. On October 23, 2003, Milloy was named parliamentary assistant to Premier Dalton McGuinty in the latter's secondary capacity as the Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, and continued under new minister Marie Bountrogianni. He served in this position until November 2006, when he was appointed parliamentary assistant to Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities Chris Bentley.

After the 2007 provincial election he was named to Cabinet as Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities. In a cabinet shuffle on June 24, 2009, he was given additional responsibilities as Minister of Research and Innovation.

Milloy recently wrote a book titled ''The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1948-1957: Community or Alliance?'' published by McGill-Queen's University Press on June 1, 2006.

Electoral record

|- |John Milloy |align="right"|17,458 |align="right"|45.9 |align="right"|+3.3 |- |Matt Stanson |align="right"|9,713 |align="right"|25.5 |align="right"|-12.07 |- |Rich Moffit |align="right"|6,694 |align="right"|17.6 |align="right"|+1.8 |- |Daniel Logan |align="right"|3,160 |align="right"|8.3 |align="right"|+4.72 |- |William J. Berhardt |align="right"|600 |align="right"|1.6 |- |John D. McGuire |align="right"|425 |align="right"|1.1 |}

|- |John Milloy |align="right"|18,280 |align="right"|42.60 |align="right"|+2.68 |- |Wayne Wettlaufer |align="right"|16,120 |align="right"|37.57 |align="right"|-12.58 |- |Ted Martin |align="right"|6,781 |align="right"|15.80 |align="right"|+8.04 |- |Luigi D'agnillo |align="right"|1,728 |align="right"|4.03 |align="right"|+2.78 |}

External links

John Milloy's official MPP Site

John Milloy's Ontario Liberal Party biography

Category:Carleton University alumni Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford Category:People from Kitchener, Ontario Category:Ontario Liberal Party MPPs Category:Members of the Executive Council of Ontario Category:Canadian Roman Catholics