CBI can refer to:

Places and installations

Cape Breton Island, part of Nova Scotia, Canada

Center for Biomedical Imaging, a research facility of Boston University Medical Center

Central Bukidnon Institute, a secondary school in the Philippines

China Burma India Theater of World War II

Community Boating, Inc, a non-profit community boating center on the Charles River in Boston, Massachusetts

Cosmic Background Imager, a telescope located in the Chilean Andes

Radio

CBI (AM), radio station broadcast in Canada

CBI-FM, radio station broadcast in Canada

Companies and groups

Center for the Promotion of Imports, an agency of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland

Central Bank of India

Central Bank of Iran

Central Bank of Iraq

Central Bureau of Investigation, the federal agency of India that serves as a criminal investigation body, national security agency and intelligence agency

Charles Babbage Institute, a research center at the University of Minnesota

Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, a large engineering and construction company

Confederation of British Industry, an organisation promoting United Kingdom businesses

Other uses

California Birth Index, a database on birthrates in California

Caribbean Basin Initiative, a United States economic recovery program

College Basketball Invitational, an American college basketball tournament

College Bowl, an American quiz tournament

Content-based instruction, an approach to second-language teaching

California Bureau of Investigation, a state police force of California

de:CBI fr:CBI it:CBI

Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
name	Andimuthu Raja
alias	Kanimozhi
motive	Money
constituency	Nilgiris
allegiance	DMK
religion	Hindu
profession	LawyerPolitician
Conviction status	Judicial custody at Tihar Jail awaiting trial
Conviction penalty	Case for 2G spectrum scam ongoing
date	September 22 |
year	2006 |
source	http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode344 }}

Andimuthu Raja () (ஆண்டிமுத்து ராஜா) (born May 10, 1963, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India) is an Indian politician from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam(DMK) political party. He was a member of the 15th Lok Sabha representing the Nilgiris constituency of Tamil Nadu.

In 2011, ''TIME'' magazine listed him on the “Top 10 Abuses of Power” list. The 2G spectrum scam is listed at No. 2, just behind the Watergate scandal which brought down President Richard Nixon in 1974.

Political Career

Controversial Resignations

On October 17, 2008 he submitted his post-dated resignation to the D.M.K party chief M. Karunanidhi over the killings of Tamil civilians in Sri Lanka. His resignation was a part of the mass resignation of all the D.M.K ministers forming a parts of the coalition UPA central government.

On November 14, 2010, he announced that he would step down from his cabinet post, over the 2G spectrum allocation scandal.

2G Spectrum scandal

The 2G spectrum financial scandal in the Telecommunications and IT Ministry under A. Raja is noteworthy as the largest political corruption case in modern Indian history, amounting to a record $40 billion loss from underpricing to the Government of India. The alleged modus operandi was telecom bandwidth being grossly undervalued and offered to a chosen few with vested interests, on a dubious 'First-Come-First-Served' basis. It is alleged that it should have been put under a transparent auction system, purportedly advised by higher office.

The bandwidth-spectrum allocation of 2G bandwidth had later come under criticism for gross irregularities. An FIR filed by the CBI claims that the allocation was not done as per market prices, resulting in a scam worth . However it had been alleged by Arun Jaitley of Bhartiya Janata Party that the scam is worth around . The Comptroller and Auditor General holds Raja personally responsible for the sale of 2G spectrum at 2001 rates in 2008, resulting the previously mentioned loss of up to Rs. 1.76 lakh crores (US$40 billion) to the national exchequer. In August, 2010, evidence was submitted by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) showing that Raja had personally signed and approved the majority of the questionable allocations. Although the political opposition was demanding his resignation over the 2G spectrum scam, Raja initially refused to resign stating his innocence, and this view was backed by his party president M.Karunanidhi.

The financial scam eventually led to Raja's resignation on the 14th of November, 2010. There will be further criminal investigation and action on Raja with reports being filed by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).

In 2011, the results of an investigation by retired judge Shivraj Patil, who was appointed by current telecom minister Kapil Sibal, has also found Raja to have been directly responsible for "procedural lapses" regarding the spectrum scandal. The CBI and Enforcement Directorate estimate that Raja could have made as much as Rs 3,000 crore from the alleged bribes.

In January and February 2011, Raja's homes and offices were raided by the Central Bureau of Investigation. Computers were reportedly seized as part of the evidence that the CBI plans to present against him. Raja and two former associates were arrested on February 2, 2011. The 3 have been taken to Patiala House Courts for enquiries by the CBI on 3 February 2011 After the end of his custody with CBI, Raja was sent to Tihar Jail for judicial custody until March 3, 2011. His stay in the Tihar Jail was then extended, first to March 17 and then to March 31.under judicial custody.

He was later backed by his party DMK after his arrest and in general meeting in Chennai party passed a resolution in favor of Raja stating that until charges are proven he is not guilty.

Arrest and chargesheet

On February 2, 2011, the CBI arrested Raja. The CBI also arrested R. K. Chandolia, Raja's personal aide, and Siddharth Behura, the former Telecom Secretary. Both Raja and R.K. Chandolia are heard in conversation with Niira Radia in the released Radia tapes.

On April 02, 2011, the CBI filed its first 80,000 page chargesheet in the 2G spectrum scam before a Special Court in Delhi naming nine individuals and three companies. It said the wrongful acts of the accused deprived the government exchequer of possible revenues amounting to INR Rs 30,985 crore (USD $ 6,983,322,233).

References

See also

List of politicians in India charged with corruption

Sadiq Batcha

M. K. Kanimozhi

Suresh Kalmadi

External links

{{s-ttl | title = Minister of Communications and Information Technology | years = 2007-10}}

Category:Living people Category:Indian Tamil people Category:1963 births Category:14th Lok Sabha members Category:15th Lok Sabha members Category:Members of the Cabinet of India Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians Category:Union Ministers from Tamil Nadu Category:Members of Parliament from Tamil Nadu Category:Indian prisoners and detainees

de:A. Raja ml:എ. രാജ mr:ए. राजा ta:ஆ. ராசா

Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
name	Suresh Kalmadi
birth date	May 01, 1944
birth place	Madras, Tamil Nadu
nationality	Indian
spouse	Meera Kalmadi
party	Indian National Congress
alma mater	Fergusson College, PuneNational Defence Academy
Conviction status	Incarcerated at Tihar Jail
Conviction penalty	Case for CWG Time Scoring Scam ongoing
Website	}}

Suresh Kalmadi (born May 1, 1944) is an Indian politician and senior sports administrator. He was formerly a member of the Indian National Congress. He is a Member of Parliament from Pune.

On April 25, 2011 Kalmadi was arrested by CBI for awarding illegal contracts to a Swiss firm for Timing-Scoring-Result (TSR) system for the 2010 Commonwealth Games causing a loss of Rs 95 crore to the exchequer. Kalmadi's membership of the Indian National Congress Party was suspended after being arrested and charged with corruption. On April 26, 2011 he was sacked from the post of president of the Indian Olympic Association.

Early Life, Air Force Services

Suresh Kalmadi studied at St. Vincent's High School, Pune in the state of Maharashtra in South West India; and then at Fergusson College, Pune. In 1960, he joined the National Defence Academy, Pune, and in 1964, he joined the Air Force Flying Colleges in Jodhpur and Allahabad. He served the Indian Air Force between 1964–1972 and was a recipient of eight medals in his career. After a premature discharge from the Air Force, Kalmadi ran a small fast food shop in Pune and was spotted by Sanjay Gandhi and was, along with several other young people, persuaded to join the Congress Party. Kalmadi has served effectively in various capacities with the Congress since and is now one of the wealthiest businessman as well in Pune even from his known sources of income.

Political career

He was the president of the Maharashtra Pradesh Youth Congress from 1978-1980. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha for three terms from 1982 to 1996, and again in 1998. He was also elected to the 11th Lok Sabha in 1996, and to the 14th Lok Sabha in 2004. Presently, he is the sitting MP from Pune. During the tenure of P. V. Narasimha Rao as the Prime Minister of India, Suresh Kalmadi served as the Minister of State for Railways from 1995 to 1996.

He was the President of the Indian Olympic Association and Chairman of the Organizing Committee of recently concluded Commonwealth Games held in Delhi from 3 to 14 October 2010. On October 11, 2008, in Pune, Kalmadi was elected president of the Indian Olympics Association for the fourth time.

Controversies

Formula One 2007

Mr Kalmadi, as president of the Indian Olympic Association, signed an agreement to bring the Formula One Grand Prix to India in 2007. Later that year, the UK-based organizers Formula One Administration Limited signed a Rs 1600-crore contract in this regard with India-based JPSK Sports Private Limited. Records obtained by The Indian Express showed that Pune-based Sulba Realty Private Limited was a 13% shareholder in JPSK, along with Jaypee Group (74%). Kalmadi’s son Sumeer was a director in Sulba Realty at the time. While the JP in JPSK stood for Jaypee Group, it was alleged that the SK was a reference to Suresh/Sumeer Kalmadi. Records from the Registrar of Companies, India showed that a year after the company was floated, Kalmadi’s daughter, Payal Aditya Bhartia, and his son-in-law, Aditya Bhartia, joined JPSK as Independent Directors.

Commonwealth Games 2010

During the felicitation ceremony that had been arranged to honour the three Indian medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Kalmadi reportedly walked out because he had not been offered a chair next to the Vice-President of India Hamid Ansari. In January 2010, former Indian hockey captain Pargat Singh accused Kalmadi of being part of a 'sports mafia'.

Kalmadi's conduct around the 2010 Commonwealth Games has come under scrutiny, with the Chief Vigilance Commission (India's anti-corruption organisation) asking the Central Bureau of Investigation to probe certain aspects of the games' organization. For this, the opposition demanded Kalmadi's resignation. However, Suresh Kalmadi continues to deny corruption charges.

On April 25, 2011 after being questioned over alleged irregularities in the conduct of Queen's Baton Relay (QBR) held in London in 2009, CBI arrested Kalmadi under Sections 120 B and 420 (criminal conspiracy and cheating) of the Indian Penal Code in the Commonwealth Games Time Scoring Equipment scam.

See also

List of politicians in India charged with corruption

References

Category:Indian Air Force officers Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:Railway Ministers of India Category:People from Pune Category:15th Lok Sabha members Category:Members of Parliament from Maharashtra Category:Indian sports administrators Category:Indian National Congress politicians Category:2010 Commonwealth Games Category:Indian prisoners and detainees

hi:सुरेश कलमाड़ी it:Suresh Kalmadi ml:സുരേഷ് കൽമാഡി mr:सुरेश कलमाडी sv:Suresh Kalmadi ta:சுரேஷ் கல்மாடி te:సురేష్ కల్మాడీ

Bhanwari Devi is an Indian woman, whose alleged gang rape and the following court case attracted widespread media attention nationally and internationally.

Biography

Bhanwari Devi is a low-caste potter woman from Bhateri, a small Rajasthani village located 55 km from the state capital Jaipur. In the 1980s, the child marriages were common in the village, and the caste system was dominant. Most of the villagers belonged to the conservative Gurjar community, which is higher in the caste hierarchy than the Kumhar caste, to which Bhanwari Devi belongs.

As a saathin

In 1985, when she needed money, Bhanwari Devi became a ''saathin'' ("friend"), a grassroots worker employed as part of the Women's Development Project (WDP) run by the Government of Rajasthan. As part of her job, she took up issues related to land, water, literacy, health, Public Distribution System, and payment of minimum wages at famine relief works. In 1987, she took up a major issue of the attempted rape of a woman from a neighbouring village. All of these activities had the full support of the members of her village. However, in 1992, Bhanwari found herself alienated, when she took up the issue of child marriage.

In 1992, the State Government of Rajsthan had decided to launch an anti-child-marriage campaign during the fortnight preceding Akha Teej, which is considered an auspicious date for marriages. The WDP members and other government employees tried to convince the local villagers against child marriage. However, some influential conservative Gurjar families in the village were determined to perform child marriages. In one such family, Ram Karan Gurjar was planning to marry off his 9-month old daughter. Bhanwari's attempts to persuade the family against this move met with hostile response.

On May 5, the day of Akha Teej, the Deputy Suprintendent of Police (DSP) and SDO came to the Bhateri village, and stopped the marriage of Ram Karan Gurjar's infant daughter. The marriage, however, took place next day on 2 am in morning, and no police action was taken. The Gurjar community in the village felt that the police interference in their affairs must have happened due to Bhanwari Devi's report to the police. The annoyed villagers refused her water from the well, refused to sell her milk and started threatening her regularly.

The gang rape

According to Bhanwari Devi, on 22 September 1992, at 6 p.m. five villagers attacked her husband Mohan Lal and left him unconscious, while the couple was working on their field. The five men were: Ram Karan Gurjar, Ram Sukh Gurjar, Gyarsa Gurjar, Badri Gurjar and Shravan Sharma. When she came to her husband's rescue, Gyarsa and Badri raped her, while the other three held her.

Bhanwari reported the incident to Ms. Sharma, the ''pracheta'' (a block-level worker). The ''pracheta'' took her to the Bassi police station to lodge a First Information Report (FIR). The DSP who examined Bhanwari for signs of injury, doubted her story, and sent her to the Primary Health Center (PHC). The two female doctors at the PHC were not available. The only male doctor available refused to conduct the examination, and instead sent her to the Sawai Man Singh hospital in Jaipur, with a chit requesting a medical examination "confirming age of victim". The Medical Jurist at Jaipur said that he cannot conduct the test without orders from the Magistrate. The Magistrate refused to give the orders until the next day, as it was past his working hours.

The order was sanctioned next day, but only for a general medical examination. The vaginal swab was taken more than 48 hours after the alleged rape, although the Indian law requires this to be done within 24 hours. Although the medical examination was conducted 52 hours after the rape, the trial began only two years later, in a lower court.

At the police station, Bhanwari was asked to deposit her "lehanga" (long skirt) as evidence. She had to cover herself with her husband's blood-stained ''saafa'' (turban) and walk 3 km to the nearest saathin's village Kherpuria, at about 1 a.m. in the morning.

On 25 September 1992, Rajasthan Patrika carried a small news item stating that a woman from Bhateri had registred an FIR in Bassi 'thana' alleging gang rape. Following this, a number of local Hindi dailies as well as national dailies reported the incident. On 2 October 1992, the Rajasthan Patrika carried an editorial article ''Kroor Hadsa'' ("Brutal Incident") condemning the incident. Soon after, many Jaipur-based women's goups and other social organizations began making inquiries about the incident. However, Bhanwari Devi was accused of fabricating the entire incident by the alleged rapists and their supporters, and faced public humiliation in her village. Bhanwari Devi refused monetary compensation to avoid allegations that she had cooked up the rape story to get money.

The court case

In 1994, Bhanwari Devi was offered compensation by the accused to withdraw the court case against them. She refused, and instead asked them to restore her dignity by accepting that they had raped her. Bhanwari's brothers wanted her to accept the compensation, and broke all ties with her when she refused to do so. Sometime later, her elder son and daughter-in-law as well as her in-laws followed suit.

During the course of the case, five judges were changed, and the sixth judge ruled that the accused were not guilty, in November 1995. The district sessions judge pronounced that upper-caste man could not have raped a Dalit. The rapists included an uncle-nephew pair, and the judge insisted that a man could not possibly have participated in a gang rape in the presence of his nephew. He also said that since the medical examination happened 52 hours after the alleged rape, Bhanwari Devi could be lying. He also said that Bhanwari's husband couldn't have passively watched his wife being gang-raped.

A state MLA organised a victory rally in the state capital Jaipur for the five accused declared not guilty, and the women's wing of his political party attended the rally to call Bhanwari a liar. The State Government decided to appeal against the judgment. The judgement led to a nationwide campaign for justice for Bhanwari Devi. However, by 2007, 15 years after the incident, the Rajasthan High Court held only one hearing on the case and two of the accused were dead.

Aftermath

Bhanwari Devi and her family were ostracized by the villagers, majority of whom belonged to the 'upper' castes. Her son Mukesh (who was barely four years old when she was raped) had been beaten up by local Gurjar boys when he went to a college in Dausa. He had a difficult time finding a family willing to marry their daughter to him. Bhanwari Devi's own caste ostracized her as they believed that she had been "polluted" by rape. Bhanwari Devi accepted Rs. 25,000 from the Prime Minister Narasimha Rao, but her brother spent the entire amount in organizing a Kumhar caste panchayat, where people were asked to accept her back into the community.

In 2001, Jag Mundhra made a film ''Bawandar'' on Bhanwari Devi's story, which renewed public interest in the case. The New Indian Express journalist Sukhmani Singh tracked her down, and reported: "Feisty, outspoken, innately hospitable, she openly expressed her resentment against both the women's groups and the government, all of whom have been fiercely guarding her like their pet mannequin all these many years." He reported that she was "weary, resigned and bitter" after all these years. According to him, a small-time political worker and businessman describing Bhanwari as a "rakhi sister" had brokered a deal with Mundhra for the film. He also reported that Bhanwari wanted to leave Bhateri, but couldn't afford to do so. Her sole source of income was a buffalo, as her two bighas of land had become unproductive due to three years of drought. Most of the money that she received as part of the ''Neerja Bhanot Memorial Award'' in 1994 was locked away in a trust to aid women.

Impact

Bhanwari Devi risked her life amidst threats from the conservative villagers, and showed courage in seeking justice in spite of social boycott. It was for the first time in the conservative region that a woman was not ashamed of rape and spoke openly about it. Bhanwari Devi's case shaped the women's movement in Rajasthan, and emboldened other rape victims to come forward and lodge complains against their rapists.

Bhanwari Devi had attracted the ire of her rapists solely on the basis of her work. This prompted several women's groups to file a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India, under the collective platform of Vishakha. The petition, filed by Vishakha and four other women's organizations in Rajasthan against the State of Rajasthan and the Union of India, resulted in what are popularly known as the Vishakha Guidelines. The judgment of August 1997 provided the basic definitions of sexual harassment at the workplace and provided guidelines to deal with it. It is seen as a significant victory for Bhanwari Devi's fight for justice.

By 2007, the average age of the first-time mother in Rajasthan had gone up to 16.5 years. According to Shivam Vij, this change was brought about by the efforts of women's groups, catalyzed by the Bhanwari Devi case.

Recognition

Bhanwari Devi has received support both nationally and internationally, and was invited to be a part of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.

In 1994, she was awarded the ''Neerja Bhanot Memorial Award'' carrying Rs. 1 lakh cash prize, for her "extraordinary courage, conviction and commitment".

In 2002, the Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Ashok Gehlot, alloted a residential plot to Bhanwari Devi and announced a grant of Rs. 40,000 for construction of a house on the plot. He also sanctioned an additional amount Rs. 10,000 for the education of her son.

In media

''Bawandar'' (2000), is a film based on the true story of Bhanwari Devi. It depicts the personal trauma, public humiliation and legal injustice that Bhanwari Devi went through, while pursuing in the Indian courts.

''In India Saathin Means Friend'', a radio programme by T. Jayashree features the story of Bhanwari Devi.

References

Category:Indian crime victims Category:Rape in India Category:Indian women activists Category:People from Rajasthan Category:Living people