ARC (file format)

ARC is a lossless data compression and archival format by System Enhancement Associates (SEA). It was very popular during the early days of networked dial-up BBS. The file format and the program were both called ARC. The ARC program made obsolete the previous use of a combination of the SQ program to compress files and the LU program to create .LBR archives, by combining both compression and archiving functions into a single program. Unlike ZIP, ARC is incapable of compressing entire directory trees. The format was subject to controversy in the 1980s—an important event in debates over what would later be known as open formats.

The .arc file extension is often used for several file archive-like file types. For example, the Internet Archive uses its own ARC format to store multiple web resources into a single file. The FreeArc archiver also uses .arc extension, but uses a completely different file format.

Nintendo uses an unrelated 'ARC' format for resources, such as MIDI, voice samples, or text, in GameCube and Wii games. Several unofficial extractors exist for this type of ARC file.

Arc (projective geometry)

A (simple) arc in finite projective geometry is a set of points which satisfies, in an intuitive way, a feature of curved figures in continuous geometries. Loosely speaking, they are sets of points that are far from "line-like" in a plane or far from "plane-like" in a three-dimensional space. In this finite setting it is typical to include the number of points in the set in the name, so these simple arcs are called k-arcs. An important generalization of the k-arc concept, also referred to as arcs in the literature, are the (k, d)-arcs.

k-arcs in a projective plane

In a finite projective plane π (not necessarily Desarguesian) a set A of k (k ≥ 3) points such that no three points of A are collinear (on a line) is called a k - arc. If the plane π has order q then k ≤ q + 2, however the maximum value of k can only be achieved if q is even. In a plane of order q, a (q + 1)-arc is called an oval and, if q is even, a (q + 2)-arc is called a hyperoval.

Every conic in the Desarguesian projective plane PG(2,q), i.e., the set of zeros of an irreducible homogeneous quadratic equation, is an oval. A celebrated result of Beniamino Segre states that when q is odd, every (q + 1)-arc in PG(2,q) is a conic. This is one of the pioneering results in finite geometry.

Directed graph

In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a directed graph (or digraph) is a graph, or set of vertices connected by edges, where the edges have a direction associated with them. In formal terms, a directed graph is an ordered pair G = (V, A) (sometimes G = (V, E)) where

It differs from an ordinary or undirected graph, in that the latter is defined in terms of unordered pairs of vertices, which are usually called edges, arcs, or lines.

A directed graph is called a simple digraph if it has no multiple arrows (two or more edges that connect the same two vertices in the same direction) and no loops (edges that connect vertices to themselves). A directed graph is called a directed multigraph or multidigraph if it may have multiple arrows (and sometimes loops). In the latter case the arrow set forms a multiset, rather than a set, of ordered pairs of vertices.

Joanna & 王若琳

Joanna & 王若琳 is the second studio album by Joanna Wang, released in January 2009. It comprises two discs, given two separate titles: the first, also titled Joanna & 王若琳, is described in this article; disc 2 is titled The Adult Storybook, under the name "New Tokyo Terror".

The album's title includes Wang's English and Chinese names, thereby reflecting the duality of the singer and the songwriter. The first disc displays the performer and includes covers of works by other artists. Conversely, the second disc emphasizes the creative Wang, as every song on it was written by her. Although her father, co-producer Ji-ping "Bing" Wang (王治平), was involved in the album's production, Wang was given more freedom, enabling her to fully express herself through her music.

Track listing

All songs written by Roger Joseph Manning Jr. (music) and Joanna Wang (lyrics), except where noted.

JoJo (singer)

Joanna Noëlle Blagden "JoJo" Levesque (born December 20, 1990) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Raised in Foxborough, Massachusetts, she performed in various singing competitions as a child, and after competing on the television show America's Most Talented Kids in 2003, she was noticed by record producer Vincent Herbert who asked her to audition for Blackground Records. JoJo released her eponymous titled debut album in June 2004. "Leave (Get Out)", her debut single, reached number one on the Billboard Pop songs chart, which made her the youngest solo artist to have a number-one single in the United States, at thirteen years old. The song peaked at 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA. The album has since sold over four million copies worldwide to date.

JoJo's second album, The High Road, was released in October 2006. The album's lead single, "Too Little Too Late", was released in August 2006 and reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100. The single was certified platinum by the RIAA in March 2007 and became her first platinum-selling single. The album has since sold over three million copies worldwide. She has also released two mixtapes independently, Can't Take That Away from Me in 2010 and Agápē in December 2012, as well as two EPs, LoveJo (2014) and LoveJo2 (2015) following her signing to Atlantic Records in 2014. On August 21st 2015, JoJo launched her official return with her triple single extended play III. As of November 2013, she has sold more than 7 million albums worldwide and has sold over 2.1 million albums and 4 million digital downloads in the United States alone.

Joanna (1968 film)

Joanna is a 1968 British drama film, directed by Michael Sarne and set in swinging London. It was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France.

Plot

Joanna, an art student in London, has a romantic fling with her teacher, aspiring painter Hendrik Casson. She eventually leaves him for impoverished Dominic, while her gold-digging friend Beryl takes up with the quite wealthy Lord Sanderson.

They travel to Sanderson's second home in Morocco, where he reveals that he has a terminal illness and sponsors an exhibit of Hendrik's paintings. Meanwhile, Dominic dumps Joanna because she refuses to stop seeing other men.

Joanna's next lover, Beryl's brother Gordon, impregnates her. Beaten by criminals to whom he's in debt, Gordon takes revenge by killing one. He is convicted of murder and sent to prison, leaving Joanna alone.

Cast