Coordinates	20°34′00″N103°40′35″N
name	Byblos
native name lang	ara
settlement type	City
pushpin map	Lebanon
pushpin map alt	Map showing the location of Byblos within Lebanon
pushpin map caption	Location within Lebanon
coordinates type	type:city
coordinates display	inline,title
coordinates footnotes
subdivision type	Country
subdivision name
subdivision type1	Governorate
subdivision name1	Mount Lebanon Governorate
subdivision type2	District
subdivision name2	Jbeil District
established title
founder
area total km2	5
area metro km2	17
population total	40000
population metro	100000
timezone1	EET
utc offset1	+2
timezone1 dst	EEST
utc offset1 dst	+3
postal code type	Postal code
area code type	Dialing code
area code	+961
footnotes
website	}}

Byblos The name originated from the Greek word biblion which means Book and the City was known as Papyrus , because this commercial center was important in the papyrus trade. () is the Greek name of the Phoenician city Gebal (; earlier Gubla, ). It is a Mediterranean city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of present-day Lebanon under the current Arabic name of ( '''') and was also referred to as Gibelet during the Crusades. It is believed to have been founded around 5000 BC, and according to fragments attributed to the semi-legendary pre-Trojan war Phoenician historian Sanchuniathon, it was built by Cronus as the first city in Phoenicia. Today it is believed by many to be the oldest continuously-inhabited city in the world.

History and Archaeology

The name Byblos is Greek; papyrus received its early Greek name (byblos, byblinos) from its being exported to the Aegean through Byblos. Hence the English word ''Bible'' is derived from ''byblos'' as "the (papyrus) book." The present day city is now known by the Arabic name ''Jubayl'' or ''Jbeil'' (جبيل), a direct descendant of the Canaanite name.

Byblos (Greek) or Gebal (Phoenician) is located on the Mediterranean coast of present-day Lebanon, about 26 miles (42 kilometers) north of Beirut. It is attractive to archaeologists because of the successive layers of debris resulting from centuries of human habitation. It was first excavated by Pierre Montet from 1921 until 1924, followed by Maurice Dunand from 1925 over a period of forty years.

The site first appears to have been settled during the PPNB period, approximately 6230 BC. Neolithic remains of some buildings can be observed at the site. According to the writer Philo of Byblos (quoting Sanchuniathon, and quoted in Eusebius), Byblos had the reputation of being the oldest city in the world, founded by Cronus. During the 3rd millennium BC, the first signs of a town can be observed, with the remains of well-built houses of uniform size. This was the period when the Phoenician civilization began to develop.

Jacques Cauvin published studies of flint tools from the stratified Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites in 1962. Remains of humans found in Chalcolithic burials have been published by H.V. Vallois in 1937. Tombs from this era were discussed by Emir M. Chehab in 1950. Early pottery found at the tell was published by E.S. Boynton in 1960 with further studies by R. Erich in 1954 and Van Liere and Henri de Contenson in 1964.

Prehistoric settlements at Byblos were divided up by Dunand into the following five periods; Néolithique Ancien (Ancient Neolithic), Néolithique Moyen (Middle Neolithic), Néolithique Récent (Late Neolithic), Énéolithique Ancien (Ancient Chalcolithic), Énéolithique Récent (Late Chacolicthic) and Early Bronze Age. Néolithique Ancien was a later settlement than others in the Beqaa Valley such as Labweh and Ard Tlaili. It was located on the seaward slope of the larger of the two hills that used to compose ancient Bylbos, with a watered valley in between. The original site spread down into the valley and covered and area of providing fertile soils and a protected landing place for boats. Dunand discovered around twenty houses although some of the settlement was suggested to have been lost to the sea, robbed or destroyed.Dwellings were rectangular with plastered floors, pottery was usually Dark faced burnished ware with some shell impressions. Néolithique Moyen was a smaller settlement of no more than adjacent to the older site. The pottery was more developed with red washes and more varied forms and elaborate decorations, buildings were poorer with unplastered floors. The Néolithique Récent period showed development from the Moyen in building design, a wider range of more developed flint tools, and a far larger variety of pottery with fabrication including silica. Énéolithique Ancien featured developments of "Canaanean blades" and fan scrapers. Adult burials in jars started to appear along with metal in the form of one copper hook, found in a jar. Some jars were lined with white plaster that was applied and self-hardened after firing. Copper appeared more frequently in the Énéolithique Récent period along with mutiple burials in tombs and jar handles with impressed signs. Early Bronze Age remains were characterized by the development of Byblos combed ware and a lithic assemblage studied by Jacques Cauvin.

Egyptian contact

Watson Mills and Roger Bullard suggest that during the Old Kingdom, Byblos was virtually an Egyptian colony. The growing city was evidently a wealthy one, and seems to have been an ally "those who are on his waters" of Egypt for many centuries. First Dynasty tombs used timbers from Byblos. One of the oldest Egyptian words for an ocean going boat was "Byblos ship". Beginning with Kha'skehemwy most first dynasty rulers sent a signed gift to the shrine of the "Mistress of Byblos". Archaeologists have recovered Egyptian-made artifacts dated as early as the Fourth dynasty of Egypt. Objects have been found at Byblos naming the 13th dynasty Egyptian king Neferhotep I, and the rulers of Byblos maintained close relationships with the New Kingdom pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. Around 1350 BC, the Amarna tablets include 60 letters from Rib-Hadda and his successor Ili-Rapih who where rulers of Byblos, writing to the Egyptian government. This is mainly due to Rib-Hadda's constant pleas for military assistance from Akhenaten. They also deal with the conquest of neighboring city-states by the Hapiru.

It appears Egyptian contact peaked during the 19th dynasty, only to decline during the 20th and 21st dynasties.

Although the archaeological evidence seems to indicate a brief resurgence during the 22nd and 23rd dynasties, it is clear after the Third Intermediate Period the Egyptians started favoring Tyre and Sidon instead of Byblos.

Archaeological evidence at Byblos, dating back to around 1200 BC, shows existence of a Phoenician alphabetic script of twenty-two characters; an important example of this script is the sarcophagus of king Ahiram. The use of the alphabet was spread by Phoenician merchants through their maritime trade into parts of North Africa and Europe. One of the most important monuments of this period is the temple of Resheph, a Canaanite war god, but this had fallen into ruins by the time of Alexander.

Eastern empires

In the Assyrian period, Sibittibaal of Byblos became tributary to Tiglath-pileser III in 738 BC, and in 701 BC, when Sennacherib conquered all Phoenicia, the king of Byblos was Urumilki. Byblos was also subject to Assyrian kings Esarhaddon (r. 681–669 BCE) and Ashurbanipal (r. 668–627 BCE), under its own kings Milkiasaph and Yehawmelek.

In the Persian period (538–332 BC), Byblos was the fourth of four Phoenician vassal kingdoms established by the Persians; the first three being Sidon, Tyre, and Arwad.

Western empires

Hellenistic rule came with the arrival of Alexander the Great in the area in 332 BC. Coinage was in use, and there is abundant evidence of continued trade with other Mediterranean countries.

During the Greco-Roman period, the temple of Resheph was elaborately rebuilt, and the city, though smaller than its neighbours such as Tyre and Sidon, was a center for the cult of Adonis. In the 3rd century, a small but impressive theater was constructed. With the rise of Christianity, a bishopric was established in Byblos, and the town grew rapidly. Although a Persian colony is known to have been established in the region following the Moslem conquest of 636, there is little archaeological evidence for it. Trade with Europe effectively dried up, and it was not until the coming of the First Crusade in 1098 that prosperity returned to Byblos, known then as Giblet.

Byblos, under the name of Gibelet or Giblet, was an important military base in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 11th and 12th century, and the remains of its crusader castle are among the most impressive architectural structures now visible at its center. The town was taken by Saladin in 1187, re-taken by the Crusaders, and eventually conquered by Baibars in 1266. Its fortifications were subsequently restored. From 1516 until 1918, the town and the whole region were part of the Ottoman Empire. Byblos and all of Lebanon was placed under French Mandate from 1920 until 1943 when Lebanon achieved independence.

Education

Byblos is home to the professional campus of the Lebanese American University. The LAU Byblos Campus houses the Medical School, the Engineering School, the Pharmacy School, the School of Business, and the School of Arts and Sciences. The Campus is situated on a hill overlooking Byblos and the Mediterreanean Sea.

Tourism

: ''See also: '' Byblos is re-emerging as an upscale touristic hub. With its ancient port, Phoenician, Roman and Crusader ruins, sandy beaches and the picturesque mountains that surround it make it an ideal tourist destination. The city is known for its fish restaurants, open-air bars, and outdoor cafes. Yachts cruise into its harbor today like they did in the sixties and seventies when Marlon Brando and Frank Sinatra were regular visitors to the city.

Ancient Phoenician temples

In the archaeological site of Byblos there are the remains of the Great Temple (also known as L-Shaped temple) built in 2700 BC, Temple of Baalat Gebal built in 2700 BC and Temple of the Obelisks built around 1600 BC.

'''Byblos Castle

Byblos Castle was built by the crusaders in the 12th century. It is located in the archaeological site near the port.

Medieval city wall

The old medieval part of Byblos is surrounded by walls running about 270m from east to west and 200m from north to south

Byblos Wax Museum

This museum displays wax statues of characters from Phoenician times to current days

St John the Baptist Church

Work on the church started during the crusades in 1116. It was considered a cathedral and was partially destroyed during an earthquake in 1176 AD. It was transformed into stables by Islamic forces after the fall of the city, and was given to the Maronites as a gift by Prince Youssef Chehab of Lebanon in the mid 1700s, after they aided him in capturing the city.

Byblos Fossil Museum

Byblos Fossil Museum has a collection of fossilized fish, sharks, eel, flying fish, and other marine life, some millions of years old.

Historic Quarter and Souks

In the southeast section of the historic city, near the entrance of the archaeological site, is an old market where tourists can shop for souvenirs and antiques, or simply stroll along the old cobblestone streets and enjoy the architecture.

Byblos International Festival

This summer music festival is an annual event that takes place in the historic quarter.

Threats to Byblos

The 2006 Lebanon War negatively affected this ancient site by covering the harbor and town walls with an oil slick.

Today

Today, Byblos (Jbeil) is a modern city. It remains one of Lebanon's biggest tourist attractions, mainly because of its rich history and scenic mountains overlooking the Mediterranean. Most of the people of Byblos are Maronite Catholics. There are also some Shia Muslims, whose ancestors escaped expulsion by the Seljuk Turks in the Middle Ages. It is said that the city of Bint Jbeil ("daughter of Jbeil") in southern Lebanon was founded by those displaced Shi'a. Byblos has three representatives in the Parliament of Lebanon: two Maronites and one Shi'a.

Bibliography

Nina Jidéjian, ''Byblos through the ages'', Dar al Machreq, Beyrouth, 1968

Jean-Pierre Thiollet, ''Je m'appelle Byblos'', H & D, Paris, 2005 (ISBN 2-914266-04-9)

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Byblos is twinned with: {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | Patras, Greece Tripoli, Greece Sparti, Greece || Orange, France Valetta, Malta || Cadiz, Spain Izmir, Turkey |}

Image Gallery

See also

Ba`alat Gebal

Byblos syllabary

Embriaco family

Hbaline

War of St. Sabas

Cities of the ancient Near East

References

External links

Lebanon, the Cedars' Land: Byblos

Byblos info

Embassy of Lebanon in Canada

University of Cologne Radio Carbon Context Database

Byblos Byblos Category:Archaeological sites in Lebanon Category:Phoenician cities Category:World Heritage Sites in Lebanon Category:Populated coastal places in Lebanon Category:Crusades Category:Phoenician sites in Lebanon Category:Roman sites in Lebanon Category:Hellenistic colonies Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Lebanon Category:Ancient cities Category:Amarna letters locations Category:Roman colonies Category:Populated places established in the 5th millennium BC Category:Fertile Crescent

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Coordinates	20°34′00″N103°40′35″N
name	David Guetta
landscape	yes
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
born	November 07, 1967Paris, France
genre	House, electro house, hip house
occupation	DJ, record producer, songwriter
years active	1984-present
label	EMI Music France/Virgin, Positiva, Astralwerks
website	}}

David Guetta (, born Pierre David Guetta on 7 November 1967) is a French house music producer and DJ. Originally a DJ at nightclubs during the 1980s and 1990s, he co-founded Gum Productions and released his first album, ''Just a Little More Love'', in 2002. Later, he released ''Guetta Blaster'' (2004) and ''Pop Life'' (2007). His 2009 album ''One Love'' included the hit singles "When Love Takes Over" (featuring Kelly Rowland), "Gettin' Over You" (featuring Chris Willis, Fergie & LMFAO) and "Sexy Bitch" (featuring Akon), the last becoming a top five hit in the US and all three reaching #1 in the UK, as well as another internationally known single called "Memories" featuring Kid Cudi which became a top five hit in many countries.

Guetta has sold over three million albums and 15 million singles worldwide. He is currently one of the most sought-after music producers.

Biography

1984–2000: Early life and career

At age 17, Guetta began DJing at the Broad Club in Paris. He first played popular songs, and he discovered house music when he heard a Farley master Funk track on French radio in 1987. The next year, he began hosting his own club nights. In 1990, he released "Nation Rap", a hip-hop collaboration with French rapper Sidney Duteil.

In the mid 1990's Guetta played in clubs including Le Centrale, the Rex, Le Boy, and Folies Pigalle. Released in 1994 Guetta's second single, a collaboration with American house vocalist Robert Owens titled "Up & Away", was a minor club hit. In 1994, David Guetta became the manager of ''Le Palace'' nightclub and he continued to organise parties there and in other clubs, such as the "Scream" parties in ''Les Bains Douches''.

2001–2006: ''Just a Little More Love'' and ''Guetta Blaster''

In 2001, David Guetta along with Joachim Garraud founded Gum Productions, and in the same year Guetta's first hit single, "Just a Little More Love", featuring American singer Chris Willis was released. Willis was vacationing in France when he met Guetta. Guetta's debut album ''Just a Little More Love'' was released in 2002 on Virgin Records and sold over 300,000 copies. The follow-up singles, ("Love Don't Let Me Go", "People Come People Go" and "Give Me Something"), were released in 2002. Guetta released a compilation, ''Fuck Me I'm Famous'', in 2003, named after his party in Ibiza. It included "Just for One Day (Heroes)", a remix of David Bowie's song "Heroes". Later in his career, Guetta continued recording compilations under that title.

Guetta's second album, ''Guetta Blaster'', was released in 2004. It were released four singles: "Money" and "Stay" featuring Chris Willis and "The World Is Mine" and "In Love With Myself" featuring JD Davis. In 2006 "Love Don't Let Me Go" was released as a mash-up with the Tocadisco remix of "Walking Away" by The Egg. The mash-up single charted higher than the original release of the song.

2007–2008: ''Pop Life''

In 2007, Guetta's third album ''Pop Life'' was released. The album was successful in the UK and Ireland as well as in mainland Europe. According to EMI in 2010, the album has sold a total of 530,000 copies worldwide. The lead single "Love Is Gone" reached Number 1 on the American Dance Chart and charted on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.

He played in many countries around the world to promote the album. He played in Mauritius in January 2008, accompanied by French rapper JoeyStarr. In the same year, he and his wife Cathy also planned a new event which took place in the Stade de France on 5 July 2008. The event was called "UNIGHTED", he performed with Tiësto, Carl Cox, Joachim Garraud and Martin Solveig in front of a crowd of 40,000.

In 2009, he was placed third in the "Top 100 DJs" poll by ''DJ Magazine'', and was elected "Best House DJ" by DJ Awards in 2008. Since April 2009, Guetta had his own radio show on the internet radio station RauteMusik on Saturday evening. The show was afterwards moved into Radio 538, being aired every Friday evening after ''Tiësto's Club Life''. Its name is ''DJ Mix''. Guetta performs a one-hour set of house music, presenting mainly new talents inside.

2009–2010: ''One Love'' and international breakthrough

David Guetta's fourth studio album, ''One Love'', was released in August 2009. Its first single "When Love Takes Over", which featured Kelly Rowland, peaked at #1 on the UK Singles Chart and topped many other countries worldwide. His second single from the album, "Sexy Bitch" featuring Akon, became his second #1 in the UK. "One Love" featuring Estelle, "Memories" featuring Kid Cudi and "Gettin' Over" featuring Chris Willis, Fergie and LMFAO followed. As of May 2011 the album had sold three million copies worldwide. Guetta's fourth studio album ''One Love'' was nominated as "Best Electronic/Dance Album" at the 52nd Grammy Awards. His song "When Love Takes Over" featuring American R&B; singer Kelly Rowland received two nominations; Best Dance Recording and Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical, and won the latter. After conflicts over whether or not an album re-issue should go ahead, ''One More Love'' was released on 29 November 2010. First single, titled "Who's That Chick?" featuring Rihanna was released a few weeks prior.

On 16 June 2009, The Black Eyed Peas released the David Guetta-produced "I Gotta Feeling" as their second single from their fifth studio album, ''The E.N.D.''. It became a worldwide hit topping the charts in seventeen countries. It became the most downloaded song of all-time in the United States with almost 7.5 million downloads and in the United Kingdom selling more than 1 million copies. He was nominated twice for his work with The Black Eyed Peas at the 52nd Grammy Awards; in the category Record of the Year for "I Gotta Feeling" and Album of the Year for their album ''The E.N.D.''. In 2010, David Guetta co-wrote and produced Kelly Rowland's "Commander" from her third album ''Here I Am''. It peaked at number one on ''Billboard'''s Hot Dance Club Songs chart in the United States, and reached top ten positions in Belgium and the United Kingdom. Guetta has also co-produced "Forever and a Day", which was Kelly's next UK single from that album. Guetta also produced the singles "Acapella" and "Scream" for American singer-songwriter Kelis's fifth studio album, ''Flesh Tone'', released on 14 May 2010. "Acapella" was released as the lead single on 23 February 2010 and topped the dance charts in the United Kingdom and United States. On 28 June 2010 American rapper Flo Rida released the single "Club Can't Handle Me" featuring David Guetta. The song is included on the soundtrack album to the American 3D dance film ''Step Up 3D''.

2011–present: ''Nothing But the Beat''

Guetta's fifth studio album, ''Nothing But the Beat'' will be released on August 30, 2011. It will be released as a double-disc album; one disc being electronic and the other being vocal. The French DJ was inspired by rock bands such as Kings of Leon and Coldplay to add rock influences to his dance productions. "Where Them Girls At" featuring Nicki Minaj and Flo Rida, the first single off the album, was released worldwide on 2 May 2011. "Little Bad Girl", featuring Ludacris and Taio Cruz, was released as the second single on 28 June 2011.. Guetta later released "Titanium" featuring Sia. Soon after that, he released "Night Of Your Life" featuring Jennifer Hudson.

Personal life

His father was a restaurateur of Moroccan Jewish descent. He is married to Cathy Guetta and has two children, Tim Elvis Eric (born 2004) and Angie (born 2007).

Discography

''Just a Little More Love'' (2002)

''Guetta Blaster'' (2004)

''Pop Life'' (2007)

''One Love'' (2009)

''Nothing but the Beat'' (2011)

Awards and nominations

{| class=wikitable |- !Year !Award !Category !Nominated work !Result |- ||2006 |rowspan="3"|DJ Awards |Best House DJ | | |- |rowspan="4"|2007 |Best International DJ | | |- |Best Ibiza Night | | |- |World Music Awards |World's Best Selling DJ | | |- |TMF Awards |Best Dance Act | | |- |rowspan="2"|2008 |DJ Awards |Best House DJ | | |- |MTV Europe Music Awards |Best French Act | | |- |rowspan="2"|2009 |DJ Awards |Best House DJ | | |- |DJ Magazine |Top 100 DJs | |Third Place |- |rowspan="9"|2010 |rowspan="4"|Grammy Awards |Record of the Year |"I Gotta Feeling"(with The Black Eyed Peas) | |- |Best Dance Recording |rowspan="2"|"When Love Takes Over"(with Kelly Rowland) | |- |Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical | |- |Best Electronic/Dance Album |''One Love'' | |- |rowspan="3"|World Music Awards |Best DJ | | |- |Best Producer | | |- |Best Selling French artist | | |- ||NRJ Music Awards | International Album of the Year |''One Love'' | |- |DJ Magazine |Top 100 DJs | |Second Place |- ||2011 ||Grammy Awards |Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical |"|"Revolver"(with Madonna) | |}

References

External links

David Guetta official store

David Guetta information at Ultra Records

Review of 'Memories' on the Daily Music Guide

|title=David Guetta biography|publisher=Allmusic|author=David Jeffries|accessdate=2008-09-22}}

David Guetta in PACHA NEWS

David Guetta at Billboard.com

Review of 'Gettin Over you' on the Daily Music Guide

Category:1967 births Category:Astralwerks artists Category:Club DJs Category:Living people Category:French people of Moroccan descent Category:French dance musicians Category:French DJs Category:Musicians from Paris Category:World Music Awards winners Category:Grammy Award winners

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Coordinates	20°34′00″N103°40′35″N
name	Isabella Blow
birthname	Isabella Delves Broughton
birth date	November 19, 1958
birth place	Marylebone, London, England
death date	May 07, 2007
death place	Gloucester, England
spouse	Nicholas Taylor (1981-1983)Detmar Blow (1989-2007)
years active	1993 - 2007 }}

Isabella Blow (19 November 1958 – 7 May 2007) was an English magazine editor and international style icon. The muse of hat designer Philip Treacy, she is credited with discovering the models Stella Tennant and Sophie Dahl as well as the fashion designer Alexander McQueen.

Early life

Born Isabella Delves Broughton in Marylebone, London, England, she was the eldest child of Major Sir Evelyn Delves Broughton, a military officer, and his second wife, Helen Mary Shore, a barrister. Sir Evelyn was the only son of Jock Delves Broughton; his sister, Rosamond, married Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat in 1938.

Blow had two sisters, Julia and Lavinia, and a brother, John, who drowned in the family's swimming pool at the age of two. In 1972, when she was 14, her parents separated and her mother left the household, shaking each daughter by the hand. Her parents divorced two years later. Isabella did not get along with her father, who bequeathed her only £5,000 from his estate, which was worth more than one million pounds. Blow often said her fondest memory was trying on her mother's pink hat, a recollection that she explained led to her career in fashion.

Blow studied for her A-levels at Heathfield School (now Heathfield St Mary's School), after which she enrolled at a secretarial college and then took odd jobs. As she told Tamsin Blanchard of ''The Observer'' in 2002:

I've done the most peculiar jobs. I was working in a scone shop for years, selling apricot-studded scones. I was a cleaner in London for two years. I wore a handkerchief with knots on the side, and my cousin saw me in the post office and said, What are you doing? I said, What do you think I look like I'm doing? I'm a cleaner!

Career

Blow moved to New York City in 1979 to study Ancient Chinese Art at Columbia University and shared a flat with the actress Catherine Oxenberg. A year later, she left the Art History programme at Columbia, moved to Texas, and worked for Guy Laroche. In 1981, she married her first husband, Nicholas Taylor (whom she divorced in 1983), and was introduced to the fashion director of the U.S. edition of ''Vogue'', Anna Wintour. She was hired initially as Wintour's assistant, but it was not long before she was assisting Andre Leon Talley, now U.S. ''Vogue'''s editor-at-large. While working in New York, she befriended Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat.

In 1986, Blow returned to London and worked for Michael Roberts, then the fashion director of ''Tatler'' and the ''Sunday Times'' ''Style'' magazine.

In 1989, Blow married her second husband, art dealer Detmar Hamilton Blow, in Gloucester Cathedral; he is a grandson (and namesake) of the early 20th-century society architect Detmar Blow. Philip Treacy designed the bride's wedding headdress and a now-famous fashion relationship was forged. Realizing Treacy's talent, Blow established Treacy in her London flat, where he worked on his collections. She soon began wearing Treacy's hats, making them a signature part of her flamboyant style. In a 2002 interview with Tamsin Blanchard, Blow declared that she wore extravagant hats for a practical reason:

...to keep everyone away from me. They say, Oh, can I kiss you? I say, No, thank you very much. That's why I've worn the hat. Goodbye. I don't want to be kissed by all and sundry. I want to be kissed by the people I love.

In 1993, Blow worked with the photographer Steven Meisel producing the ''Babes in London'' shoot featuring Plum Sykes, Bella Freud, and Honor Fraser. Blow had a natural sense of style and a good feeling for future fashion directions. She discovered Alexander McQueen and purchased his entire graduate collection for ₤5,000, paying it off in weekly ₤100 installments. Spotting Sophie Dahl, Blow described Dahl as "a blow up doll with brains", and launched the model's career.

Blow was the fashion director of ''Tatler'' and consulted for DuPont Lycra, Lacoste, and Swarovski. In 2002, she became the subject of an exhibition entitled ''When Philip met Isabella'', featuring sketches and photographs of her wearing Treacy's hat designs.

In 2004, she had a brief acting cameo in the film The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou.

In 2005, Blow starred in a project by artist Matthieu Laurette, commissioned and produced by Frieze Projects 2005 and entitled "What Do They Wear at Frieze Art Fair?" It consisted of daily guided tours of Frieze Art Fair led by Blow and fellow international fashion experts Peter Saville, Kira Joliffe, and Bay Garnett.

Shortly before her death, she was the creative director and stylist of a series of books about beauty in the Arab world; the books were being produced by Kuwaiti fashion entrepreneur Sheikh Majed al-Sabah. Blow was dismissed from the project for unknown reasons and attempted suicide.

Illness

Toward the end of her life, Blow had become seriously depressed and was reportedly anguished over her inability to "find a home in a world she influenced". Daphne Guinness, a friend of Blow's stated, "She was upset that Alexander McQueen didn't take her along when he sold his brand to Gucci. Once the deals started happening, she fell by the wayside. Everybody else got contracts, and she got a free dress". According to a 2002 interview with Tamsin Blanchard, it was Blow who brokered the deal in which Gucci purchased McQueen's label.

Other pressures included money problems (Blow was disinherited by her father in 1994) and infertility. In an effort to have a child, Blow and her husband had unsuccessfully tried in vitro fertilization eight times. She later stated, "We were like a pair of exotic fruits that could not breed when placed together."

In 2004, Isabella and Detmar Blow separated, reportedly so Detmar could father a son with a fertile woman and ensure his particular branch of the Blow family would remain in charge of Hilles. Detmar Blow went on to have an affair with Stephanie Theobald, the society editor of British ''Harper's Bazaar'', while his estranged wife entered into a liaison with a gondolier she met in Venice. During the couple's separation, Blow was diagnosed with a bipolar disorder and began undergoing electroshock therapy. For a time, the treatments appeared to be helpful. After an eighteen month separation, Isabella and Detmar Blow were reconciled. Soon after, she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

Depressed over her waning celebrity status and her cancer diagnosis, Blow began telling friends that she was suicidal.

In 2007, Blow made several more suicide attempts by driving her car into the rear of a truck, by attempting to obtain horse tranquilizers, by drowning in a lake and by overdosing while on a beach in India.

Death

On May 6, 2007, during a weekend house party at Hilles, where the guests included Treacy and his life partner, Stefan Bartlett, Blow announced that she was going shopping. Instead, she was later discovered collapsed on a bathroom floor by her sister Lavinia and was taken to Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, where Blow told the doctor she had drunk the weedkiller Paraquat. Blow died at the hospital the following day.

Blow's death was initially reported as being caused by ovarian cancer; however, a coroner later ruled the death a suicide. At the inquest, Blow's sister, Lavinia Verney, stated that after she discovered her sister had ingested the poison, Blow had told her, "I'm worried that I haven't taken enough."

After her death, Detmar Blow confirmed that his wife suffered from depression and that she had once declared, "I'm fighting depression and I can't beat it".

Her funeral was held at Gloucester Cathedral on May 15, 2007. Her coffin, made of willow, was surmounted by one of her Philip Treacy hats instead of a floral tribute, and her pallbearers included Otis Ferry, a son of the rock star Bryan Ferry. (In 2010, Bryan Ferry dedicated his Olympia album ''in memoriam Isabella Blow and David Williams''.) Actor Rupert Everett and actress Joan Collins delivered one of the eulogies. A memorial service was held in the Guards Chapel in London on September 18, 2007, where Anna Wintour and Geordie Greig spoke. Wintour's eulogy and part of the memorial service can be seen in DVD disc 2 of The September Issue.

References

Further reading

Blow, Detmar with Tom Sykes, ''Blow by Blow: The Story of Isabella Blow'', New York, HarperCollins, 2010, ISBN 978006202087.

Crowe, Lauren Goldstein, "Isabella Blow: A Life In Fashion", New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2010, ISBN 9780312592943.

External links

Isabella Blow, A Life In Fashion, Nov 8 2010

Category:1958 births Category:2007 deaths Category:Vogue (magazine) people Category:Designers who committed suicide Category:English magazine editors Category:Female suicides Category:People with bipolar disorder Category:People from Gloucester Category:People from London Category:Suicides by poison Category:Suicides in England Category:People educated at Heathfield School, Ascot

it:Isabella Blow no:Isabella Blow pt:Isabella Blow

Coordinates	20°34′00″N103°40′35″N
name	Wadih El Safi
background	solo_singer
birth name	Wadih Francis
alias	Sawt Lobnan Al Khaled (The Immortal Lebanese Voice)
birth date	January 01, 1921
origin	Niha, Lebanon
instrument	oud
genre	Tarab, Folk
occupation	singer, songwriter, composer, instrumentalist
years active	61
label	unknown
website	http://www.wadihelsafi.com/
notable instruments	}}

Wadih El Safi (, ) (born Wadi' Francis in Niha, Lebanon, in 1921) is a Lebanese singer songwriter, and actor of Assyrian/Syriac background. He is a Lebanese cultural icon, and is often called the "Voice of Lebanon". Wadih El Safi started his artistic journey at the age of seventeen when he took part in a singing contest held by Lebanese Radio and was chosen the winner among fifty other competitors.

Musical career

El Safi is a classically trained baritone, having studied at the Beirut National Conservatory of Music. He became nationally known when, at seventeen, he won a vocal competition sponsored by the Lebanese Broadcasting Network. El Safi began composing and performing songs that drew upon his rural upbringing and love of traditional melodies, blended with an urban sound, and creating a new style of modernized Lebanese folk music. He performed in venues throughout the Middle East.

In 1947, El Safi traveled to Brazil, where he remained until 1950. After his return to Lebanon, El Safi continued to develop folk music and chose poetry and ''zajal'' to inspire patriotism and focus on love, devotion, morals and values.

El Safi toured the world, singing in many languages, including Arabic, Syriac, French, Portuguese and Italian. He took part in major international festivals and earned many high distinction honors in Lebanon, Tunisia, Jordan, Yemen, Morocco, Syria, Oman and France. He spent some time acting as well, playing in the 1966 Lebanese film "Mawwal".

In the spring of 1973 El Safi recorded and released a vinyl single with the songs "Grishlah Idi" and "Iman Ya Zawna", both in Syriac-Aramaic. The music arrangements were done by Nuri Iskandar and the songs were produced especially for the syriac UNESCO Festival, which occurred in Beirut at that time where El Safi participated as a singer.

El Safi was awarded a doctorate honoris causa from the Holy Spirit University of Kaslik.

Songs and recordings

El Safi has written over 3000 songs. He is well known for his mawawil (an improvised singing style) of '''ataba'', ''mijana'', and Abu el Zuluf. He has performed and recorded with many well-known Lebanese musicians, including Najwa Karam, Fairouz, and Sabah.

Discography (performer)

Best of Wadi - Vol. 1 (EMI, 1999)

Best of Wadi - Vol. 2

Best of Wadi - Vol. 3

Inta Omri (2000)

The Two Tenors:Wadi Al Safi Aad Sabah Fakhri (Ark 21, 2000)

Wadih El-Safi and José Fernandez (Elef Records)

Wetdallou Bkheir

Rouh ya zaman al madi atfal qana

Chante Le Liban

Wadi El Safi / Legends Of The 20th Century

Mersal El Hawa

Mahrajan Al Anwar

Youghani Loubnan

Ajmal El Aghani

Discography (Composer)

Cantiques de l'Orient (Harmonia Mundi Fr., 1996)

Psaumes Pour Le 3ème Millénaire (Angel Records, 2002)

See also

List of Syriac musicians

List of Lebanese people

Lebanon

Middle East

Fairuz

Zajal

References

External links

Music Of Lebanon

Category:1921 births Category:Living people Category:Syriac-language singers Category:Lebanese male singers Category:Lebanese composers

ar:وديع الصافي da:Wadih El Safi es:Wadih Al Safi

Coordinates	20°34′00″N103°40′35″N
name	Najwa Karam
background	solo_singer
birth name	Najwa Nicola Karam
born	February 26, 1966 inZahlé, Lebanon
type of sound	(Canter Alto
origin	Majdel Balhis, Lebanon
genre	Arabic music
occupation	Singer, Producer, Writer
years active	1985–present
label	Relax-In (1989–1991) CM (1992–1993) Rotana (1994–)
website	* Najwa Karam's Official Website Najwa Karam's Official Facebook-Page Najwa Karam's Official YouTube-Channel
notable instruments	}}

Najwa Karam (}}) (born February 26, 1966) is a Multi-Platinum, Best-Selling Lebanese singer, who has sold over 50 Million records worldwide. Najwa is known for creating her own blend of traditional and Contemporary Arabic Music, which has defined her image and her music in the Middle East and through out the world.

Najwa's singing career began with moderate success with her debut album "Ya Habayeb," in 1989. Her second album, "Shams el-Ghinnieh" achieved greater success, earning her her well-known title, Shams el-Ghinnieh, (The Sun of Song). But Najwa's major successes were to come in the mid-1990s when she would rise to new heights of fame and popularity in the Arabic and International music worlds.

Najwa's Domination of the Arabic Music Industry began in 1994 through 1999, when she had major successes with albums, such as "Naghmet Hob," "Ma Bassmahlak," and "Maghroumeh." In 1999, her Album "Rouh Rouhi," ranked #1 on every music Chart in almost every Arabic country. Then in 2000, Najwa's Album, "Oyoun Qalbi," brought Najwa's greatest success yet, as it sold over 5 Million albums Worldwide, holding the up-to-date record for Best-Selling Arabic album of all time. In 2001 Najwa's New Album "Nedmaneh" sold over 4 million copies worldwide, and is one of Najwa's most acclaimed albums to date. The success of Nedmaneh earned Najwa numerous awards, including a coveted Murex D'or award for "Best Arabic Artist," and three special awards from Najwa's production company, Rotana: "Artist of the Year", "Album of the Year" and "Highest Selling Album." By the time of the Release of "Saharni" in 2003, Najwa had established the status of Pop Icon in the Middle East. Najwa's most recent Albums, such as "Shu Mghaiara," "Hayda Haki," "Am Bemzah Ma'ak," and "Hal Leile...MaFi Noum" have all sold millions of copies and achieved great success, earning her numerous awards worldwide. Her many Singles, such as "Shou Jani" and "Lashhad Hobbak" have also topped music charts.

One of the Best-Selling Arabic Artists in History, Najwa has participated in countless festivals and concerts around the globe, and has received a number of awards from various distinguished bodies. In her other works, Najwa has collaborated with legend, Wadih el Safi on a single titled "W Kberna" (We grow old together), which achieved major success through out the Middle East, and with Musician and Composer Melhem Barakat. Najwa has been in advertisement commercials, which feature her music and videos for Pearl Properties, a UAE Real estate company. In 2010 Najwa became the main judge and face of the new television series, "Arabs Got Talent," which became a television sensation across the Arab World. Then in 2011, with the collaboration of Sony, Najwa produced the first 3D Music Video Clip in the Middle East, for her song, "MaFi Noum" Further, Najwa is one of Rotana's most important and highest paid artists.

The early years and ''Layali Lubnan'': 1972–1988

Najwa Karam Karam was born in Zahlé, Lebanon, to Karam Karam and Barbara Chahine Karam, a family of Lebanese Christians. She is the youngest of five children, having an older sister, Salwa, and three older brothers, Tony, Jean, and Nicolas. She spent her childhood in Zahlé, in the care of her parents and older brothers. From an early age, Najwa was known among her friends and relatives for her powerful singing voice, but her parents emphasized the need for an education and a stable career over entertaining.

Karam attended secondary school at Jesus the Angel College, and then worked as a teacher for two years at Eastern College, Zahlé.

In 1985, Karam decided to pursue a singing career by participating in the television singing contest ''Layali Lubnan'' (''Lebanese Nights''), although against her father's wishes. Interpreting popular varieties of the traditional Lebanese Mawal in her powerful voice, Najwa walked away with the Gold Medal, public exposure, and her father's approval.

Following this win, Karam studied at the Lebanese Institute of Music for four years to improve her knowledge of music and the music industry in general. She was under the direction of renowned Lebanese composers Zaki Nassif and Fouad Awad. In 1987, Najwa participated in another television program named ''Laylat Haz'', where she was warmly accepted by the audience. By 1989, Najwa had gained the knowledge and experience she needed to make her first attempt at breaking into the Arabic music industry.

The beginning: 1989–1993

''Shams el-Ghinnieh'', (The Sun of Song)

In 1989, Karam's first studio album, ''Ya Habayeb'', was released by a then-little-known record label, Relax-in International. The album contained seven tracks, all in the traditional Lebanese traditional/folkloric style. Due to her previous exposure to the Lebanese public, the album was well-received in Lebanon but did not receive much attention from the rest of the Arab world.

After a three year hiatus from music making, Karam returned to the scene with her follow up album, ''Shams el-Ghinnieh''. The album title was inspired by her nickname, Shams el-Ghinnieh (The sun of song), which was given to her by the Lebanese people and media because of her vocal abilities. The album was recorded by another small record company CM. The style of the album was more romantic and contemporary, in comparison to Najwa's debut, ''Ya Habayeb'', which was more traditional. ''Shams el-Ghinnieh'' was received very well by the Lebanese public.

''Ana Ma'akon'' (I'm With You)

The next year, 1993, Karam signed on with another record label for her new album. This time it was an even less known Saudi Arn company. The new album was called ''Ana Ma'akon'' (''I am with you''). The album was classic in style and quite different from ''Shams el-Ghinnieh'', not really reflecting Najwa's artistic identity. Despite her personal miscontent, she had no choice but release it, bound by a contract with her production company. As expected, the album failed to do as well as ''Shams el-Ghinnieh''. Poor marketing and lack of resources did not help much either and were blamed for the low sales of the album. It remains Karam's least-known album, although many of her fans consider it the best in terms of showing Najwa's abilities and voice-power/

Domination: 1994–1999

Najwa's fortunes took a turn for the better when she was approached by the Middle East's largest recording label, ''Rotana'', owned by the Saudi Arabian Prince Walid Bin Talel. An agreement between the parties was made, and Najwa was now on Rotana's roster.

Work on a new album began immediately. Expert poets, writers, and composers were enlisted to help Najwa make a fresh new musical image for herself to revitalize public interest, and finally draw attention from the wider Arab audience. By mid-1994, an album consisting of 8 new songs had been compiled and was ready to be released to the Middle East. ''Naghmet Hob'' (''The Rhythm of Love'') fused Lebanese tradition with Arab pop. Its catchy Lebanese dance song ''Law Habaytek'' ''(If I loved you)'' was an instant hit, introducing Najwa Karam to all of the Middle East. The song and its video clip dominated the Arabian charts. Its follow up hits from the same album were "Wrood Eddar" ''(Roses of the Garden)'' and "Elala (la la)," which received similar success.

The wide success of ''Naghmet Hob'' fueled a concert tour and a number of awards for Karam, including a prize from the Lebanese Broadcasting Association for the Best Artist of 1994.

Karam had been thrust to the top of the Arabic music scene in less than a year, and was now constantly in the public eye. In 1995, Najwa started work on her second ''Rotana'' album, her fifth release in total. It was titled ''Ma Bassmahlak'' and closely followed the traditional style of ''Naghmet Hob''. The main difference was the lyrical and vocal nature of the tracks which had more depth. Riding the wave of her celebrity, two of the songs were hits, namely ''Ma Bassmahlak (I won't allow you)'' and ''Hakim el-Qady (The Judge has spoken)''.

''Hazi Helo'', (I'm Lucky)

With five albums under her belt, the latter two of which witnessed ground breaking success, Najwa was becoming a familiar face in the Arabic music industry. On 16 June 1996, Karam released her newest album entitled ''Hazi Helo (I'm Lucky)''. The title track, ''Hazi Helo'', and three other songs, "Khayarouni", "Ala Mahlak" and "El-Ghorbil", were the most popular from the album.

Following the release of ''Hazi Helo'', Najwa set off on a large scale world concert tour, which would take in many Arab states, parts of Europe, and America. She found a number of fans in the U.S., and performed to sold-out concerts all over. To honour her success in the U.S., Najwa was presented with the Key to the City of Chicago.

''Ma Hada La Hada'', (Nobody) and ''Maghroumeh'', (In Love)

After the sell-out world tour, Najwa returned to Lebanon with a fresh mind and new song ideas. And so work began on her next studio album - ''Ma Hada La Hada''. The tracks on the album were quite different from those of Najwa's previous albums, with a more contemporary sound. For example the song "El Helw" was heavily influenced by foreign beats and synthesised melodies. Three months prior to the album's official release, the song ''El Tahady'' was distributed to the Arabic radio stations. By the time of the album's release, the song's popularity had dwindled, and ''Ma Hada La Hada'''s relatively poor sales were attributed to this factor. However, the title track did become quite popular. It had harmonious musical arrangements which used the traditional Lebanese instrument the ''Qanoun'', along with other traditional instruments such as the violin and the accordion. These musical stylings, along with an uplifting song topic and a powerful "mini movie" video clip made the song a huge hit.

The 1998 release, ''Maghroumeh'', marked Karam's "official" transition from purely traditional Lebanese artist to the blend of traditional and contemporary Arabic that she is famous for today. It had poetic Arabic lyrics sung with Najwa's trademark power and authority; extensive use of Arabic instruments (trumbakke, mijwiz, zamour, tabal... etc.) and contemporary ones; and a brand new look for the album cover. ''Maghroumeh'' was another success from Karam. The title track, ''Maghroumeh (I am in Love)'', was shot as a video clip, and was the biggest hit off the album, hitting number one on most radio stations in the region. Other hits were the feisty ''Ghamza (The Wink)'' and the sad love song ''Noqta al-Satr (Somewhere along the line)''.

''Rouh Rouhi''

The new year brought about a number of changes in Karam's career lives. Najwa's new album was set to be released in the summer, and her personal changes were showing in her new album ''Rouh Rouhi''. It was similar to the ''Maghroumeh'' album, but had a number of tweaks in the vocal and musical styles. The musical arrangements were heavily detailed and technical, and the lyrics were more poetic than all other Karam albums. The tracks ''Ariftu Albi La Meen (Do you know who my heart belongs to?)'', ''Atchana (Thirsty)'', and the title track, ''Rouh Rouhi (Soul of my Soul)'' were the major hits off the album, the latter two being shot as music videos. Many other songs succeeded like "Kif Bdawik (How do I treat You?)", and "Ma Berda Ghayrak (I Don't Accept Anyone Beside You)".

The new millennium

No Regrets

Another year, another change for Najwa Karam. This time it came about in the form of a music album called ''Oyoun Qalbi''. ''Oyoun Qalbi'' was a more romantic, reflective body of work compared to Karam's previous albums. Its major included ''Majboura (I have to)'' which had a modern jazz influence, and the "power ballets", ''Oyoun Qalbi (Sweetheart)'' and ''Khaleek al Ard (Stay down to earth)''. A music video was made for the ''Najwa 2000'' megamix, which contained samples from each song on the ''Oyoun Qalbi'' album. The album sold over 5 Million copies, topping charts. It holds the up to date record for best selling Arabic album of all time.

In 2001, Karam made her record breaking release ''Nedmaneh''. It sold over 4 million copies worldwide, and is one of Najwa's most acclaimed albums to date. It followed on from the style of music first presented by Karam in ''Oyoun Qalbi'', and further experimented with new styles and sounds. The song '''Aaskah (Falling in love)'' was an enormous hit, hitting number one all over the Middle East, and was also quite popular abroad. It was a more playful and vibrant song than most of Karam's previous work, with a strong bass line, and a distinct oriental influence. It was quite different from any Arabic song at the time, and appealed to a wide range of audiences. The success of ''Nedmaneh'' brought about a number of awards, including a coveted ''Murex D'or'' for "Best Arabic Artist" award, and three special awards from Karam's production company, ''Rotana'': "Artist of the Year", "Album of the Year" and "Highest Selling Album".In 2001 Najwa Karem got married to Youssef Harb and got divorce her brother tony spilled out her secret.

To further ''Rotana's'' crediting of Karam's successes, an honouring assemble was held on Saturday, 23 June 2001 where Karam was awarded for her achievements throughout her singing career and for the huge success of ''Nedmaneh''. The ceremony was held at the Venesia Hotel, Beirut, Lebanon. In attendance were the Lebanese Minister of Information, Ghazi Al-Aredi who was representing the President of the Lebanese Republic, Émile Lahoud, prominent singer Wadih el Safi, acclaimed composer Elias Rahbani and a number of journalists and reporters. During the night, Karam sang some of her hits (old and new), and was presented with numerous medals and trophies. The recording was released on a special edition CD (''Live in Concert''), along with a compilation CD of Najwa's hits from 1989-2000 titled ''The Very Best Of Najwa Karam''.

Karam's 2002 album, ''Tahamouni'', was far removed from the "easy going" contemporary feel of ''Oyoun Qalbi'' and ''Nedmaneh'', and audiences noticed. The album was intended to get back in touch with a more youthful audience from other Arab nations, with whom had taken slight dis-interest in Karam's music from the late 90s. This was shown though songs like ''Tahamouni (They accused me)'' which included attempts at rapping, and ''Ew'a Tekoun Ze'alt (I hope you're not mad at me)'' which seemed to have a complete Western influence. The songs had a youthful sound.

''Saharni'', (He Charmed Me)

In late 2002, Karam began meeting with the Lebanese ''"tarab"'' star, Wadih el Safi (Born 1919). Wadi had known Najwa for a while, and had been impressed with her vocal talents. The two of them decided to make a duet together, depicting the trials of a father-daughter relationship. The song was titled ''W Kberna (We grow old together)'', and was an epic ballad in which both vocalists showed immense vocal range and depth. ''W Kberna'' was a success as the lyrics were easy to relate to and it teamed two of the region's most prominent artists together.

Taking this success, Najwa got back to the drawing board for a new album. Months were spent piecing together lyrics and arrangements, and by mid 2003, the album was ready for release. ''Rotana'' set up a large launch party in Downtown Beirut, where over fifteen thousand of Karam's fans packed the streets, waiting for Najwa to appear and sing her new material.

''Saharni (Charmed)'' was exactly the kind of album that was a rebirth of the "old Najwa Karam", and took the public by surprise, as they had at this point come to expect contemporary pop from the ''Shams el-Ghinnieh''. The music had all the makings of distinctly Lebanese music: trumbakke solos, traditional wind instruments, lots of bass and a vibrant singing style - all features far removed from the "western" motif that most artists opted for at the time. Not only had Karam's music changed, but she also sported a new look, which further emphasised that the album was a turn around. ''Saharni'''s success was instantaneous, even though there was a lack of video clips for the songs, the album came through on top of the charts, and produced a number of major hits, including ''Edhak Lil Dounya (Smile to the world)'', and the title track ''Saharni (He charmed me)''.

Najwa made a world tour to complement ''Saharni'''s success, taking in the Middle East as well as destinations such as France and the U.S. with Wadih el Safi. She also travelled to Australia, where her concert there still holds the record for largest ever recorded concert attendance for an Arabic artist. Najwa was presented with a number of awards and achievements in 2003. These include "Highest Selling Album" from ''Rotana'', and award for the "Best singer of Traditional Lebanese Song" from the Lions Club, "Song of the Year": Edhak Lil Donya from Sawt El Ghad Australia and an honorary Award from Australian Government.

As the New Year came and passed, Karam began work on a new single to be included in her upcoming album. This single would be like no other she had released before. Titled ''Leish Mgharrab? (Why are you living abroad?)'' it told of the hardships that people face when having to leave their home country for a better life. Coupled with this harrowing topic, was a revolutionary new music video (directed by Sa'aed el-Marouk), which would transform modern day Beirut into a bleak and harsh wasteland in 2020. The original video - which also contained scenes of citizens protesting against the Lebanese government - was banned from being aired by the Lebanese Parliament. When the clip was edited slightly, it was finally allowed to go to air, along with its song. It hit home with many people, especially those living abroad in countries like Australia and the U.S.. It also sent a direct message to Lebanese politicians, telling them to act on their words.

After a few months, Najwa had completed the rest of her new album, ''Shu Mghaira..!''. Like ''Saharni'', it was distinctly Lebanese, but it was more of a modern adaptation, with a reflective and sad overtone. Najwa continued her many live appearances to promote the album, and a notable event for 2004 was her sell-out concert in Carthage, Tunisia where she performed to thousands of enthusiastic fans. The tracks ''Bi Hawak (In your love)'' and ''Shu Mghaira (How you've changed)'' were shot in an expensive duel video clip which was riddled with special effects. It remained at the number 1 position for 6 weeks on the Rotana Top 20 Chart. The two songs were the most popular from the album, and Najwa obtained the as "Female Artist of the Year" from MusicanaNet.net, which was decided via a large scale internet poll.

2005 and beyond

In the second quarter of 2005, Karam released a new single and video clip called ''Shu Jani''. Shu Jani was a contemporary pop song, with the use of traditional Lebanese instruments. The video was filmed in the Faraya ski resort in Lebanon by director Sa'aed el-Marouk. It was to be on her upcoming 2005 album. The timing of the new clip was criticised in some tabloids, because it was released during the tense electoral season in Lebanon, and the so-called ''Cedar Revolution'' (Independence Intifada). It was argued by these tabloids that it was disrespectful for Karam to release new material at such a time. Karam defended herself by putting the claim on her Saudi production company, ''Rotana'', who she says fast tracked the release against her wishes. Even though there was some controversy surrounding ''Shu Jani'', it fared well with the public.

Due to the prolonged situation in the Lebanon region, Karam's 2005 album was postponed from originally being released in June, then July and then finally postponed until November 2005. However, Karam released another single in late July called ''Bhebak Walaa'' which was an upbeat, contemporary/traditional song typical of Karam's usual work. It was a fairly big hit, hitting number one on many internet and radio charts. On 6 September 2005, Karam released the video for ''Bhebak Walaa'', directed by Salim el-Turk.

''Kibir'el Hob'', (Love Got Greater)

In November 2005, billboards and unipolls all over Beirut were displaying a lady's hand upon a cloudy horizon. No writing was on the posters. The advertisement had the public wondering what message the posters were relaying, and who did the mysterious hand belong to? Soon it was generally concluded that the hand belonged to a recording artist, but there were many conflicting suggestions as to whose it was. Gradually, the billboards had bits of the lady added to the picture, until on 30 November 2005 the "mystery lady" was revealed as Najwa Karam.

On the same day, Karam's 15th studio album, ''Kibir'el Hob (Love Just Got Greater)'' was officially released. The album gained widespread attention through its rigorous advertising campaign, which included the billboard posters, many television appearances [on popular variety programs such as ''Dandana'', and ''Akeed Maestro''], and music video clips for singles. ''Kibir'el Hob'' topped the highest selling album chart in Lebanon for Rotana during the Christmas sales period, and remained in the number one position through the New Year. In mid April 2006, Karam released a third and last single from the ''Kibir'el Hob'' album, accompanied by a video clip, and proved to be among the most popular Arabic songs of the year 2006.

In response to the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, Karam teamed for the first time with popular Lebanese singer/songwriter Melhim Barakat to record the song ''Rah Yeb2a El Watan''. The track was written and composed by Barakat, and called for unity among all Lebanese people. The single was released in late September and was critically acclaimed for its message and vocals, although criticised for its short running time. Plans for another collaboration with Barakat are underway.

2007-2008: ''Haida Haki'', (That's What I'm Talking About) & ''Aam Bimzah Maak'', (I'm Kidding With You)

28 May began Sawt el Ghad and several other Arab radio stations to play the new hit Hayda Haki. This song with a very new style was expected to be a great deal for 2007.

On 6 June 2007, the company Rotana released Najwa's 16th album titled Hayda Haki. A new Lebanese album with Najwa Karam's special flavor in it. This album include 8 excellent songs as usual.

Different kind of styles in each song. A powerful ''mawal'' in ''Raje3 Tes2al 3a Meen'' and a nice/soft ''mawal'' for ''El hanone''. ''Law ma btekzob'' is like her 90's songs, ''Ana Rouh'' and ''Nawer Eyami'' are two of a kind romance songs. ''Hata Be Ahlamak, Hayda Haki'' and ''Behkik'' are upbeat songs with different styles in each one and a special Najwa Karam's touch. ''Hayda Haki'' was the next song (after her 06-07 huge hit ''Shu Hal Hala'') that Najwa Karam shot as a video clip with Lebanese director Said el Marouk.

From the First week of the release of Hayda Haki it was the best selling album in Lebanon in UAE and Kwait Number one best selling Album.The Album had huge succees from the first week of release in Lebanon, the Gulf, Libya, Syria, Jordan and other Arabic countries.

Najwa Karam was a guest on the show ''Album'' on MBC 1. In 29 June 2007, she shined on Album's stage, one week before Album's final prime. She started by singing ''Hayda Haki'' by herself. Secondly, she sang ''Sho hal hala'' with one of the three groups. Thirdly, she sang ''Law Ma Btekzob'' with another group of the three groups.

In June she released her latest video clip : ''Hayda Haki'', which displayed her character in a romantic atmosphere and love shots and in its first day on the charts she landed on the 1st spot.

Najwa Karam toured the United States and Canada with Lebanese Stars Wael Kfoury and Fadel Shaker, the tour lasted for a little more than a month as they visited major cities and was all success. The American concerts were in Chicago, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas, Detroit, New Jersey, Boston and Miami. And in Canada, concerts were in Ottawa, Montreal and Toronto, singing in the biggest and most important venues.

Najwa celebrated the New Year's Eve with Wael Kfoury in the Emirates Palace in Abu Dhabi, the huge demand on the concert left it sold out more than a week before its date.

Najwa Karam was the first guest on the first prime of Star Academy 5 LBC on Friday 25 January 2008. She sang: Hayda Haki, ''Law ma btekzob'' and ''Ana rou7 ya rou7i''.

On 9 February, Karam held a huge, successful concert in the capital city of Germany, Berlin.

After four days, Najwa released a video clip for "Law Ma Btekzob" by the director Fadi Haddad. The song achieved tremendous success across the middle east. Along with Law Ma Btekzob success, the song Behkeek was achieveing unexpected success too in Egypt and Lebanon ranking #2 in both charts for couple of weeks.

One of Najwa's most anticipated appearance on TV show Al Arrab (Final), with host Nishan, was aired on 31 May. As well, George Kurda7i was there. Najwa sang medley of her old and new songs and added songs for Fairouz, Sabah, Wadih El Safi and Samira Tawfiq. She also sang one of her old mawal "Wainak Ya Ra3i Deni" (Where are you God?) aka. Mawal El Adyan and it achieved huge success.

On 17 July 2008, Rotana released Najwa's 17th studio-album, Am Bimzah Maak (I'm Joking with you). The album received considerable success and positive reviews. The album contained eight songs. One of the most famous Arabic composer Melhim Baraket composed two songs from the album: "Kammil 3ala Rouhi" and "Gatalna El Khof". The album stayed for three months #1 in Virgin Mega Store Lebanon, 4 weeks #1 in UAE Virgin Mega Store, 8 Weeks in Saudi Arabia, etc.; Rotana, Najwa's production company, said that Najwa Karam's last album Am Bimzah Maak, was one of the top 3 best-selling (Rotana) albums in the middle east. It was chosen by Virgin MegaStore Jordan, as Top 3 most selling albums in the year of 2008.

One week after the release of her album, The Queen of Carthage, Najwa Karam shined in Carthage, Tunisia. The concert was very successful.

Najwa Karam went to Sweden where she shined in the Globe-arena 20 September.

The celebrating of Eid El Fitr took place in Dubai.

While four songs from Aam Bimza7 Maak; Am Bimzah Maak, Enta El Shams, Amanti Galbi, and Taa Khabik were achieving a lot of success all over the middle east, Najwa released her second video clip from her latest album " Ma Bkhabi Aleyk" were she collaborated for the first time with Lebanese young director Randa Aalam.

She got an invitation to open the new music-channel named Al Dafrah that would take place 1 November.

Najwa shot a 3rd video clip from her successful album " Aam Bimza7 Maa" called Taa Taa Khabik. And it played on many Music channels in the middle east and received huge success in Lebanon, Maghreb, Syria, Jordan and the Gulf countries.

2009: ''Khaleeni Shoofak'', (Let Me See You)

On February 2009, Najwa attended one of the Middle East most important concert, Hala Febrayer 09 in Kuwait. She performed a mixture of old and new songs for the very active crowd.

On 9 March, specifically on Mothers Day, Najwa Karam released her anticipated single "El Deni Em" (A mother is the whole world), which received huge success and stayed #1 for three wjkjlkiuoppliopeeks on the Online-Magazine "Elaph".

After the meeting between Najwa Karam and Nidal El Ahmadieh (journalist) took place to discuss the many events that took place including Nidal El Ahmadieh's imprisonment, everything is back to normal and Najwa & Nidal are back to being on better terms.

In May 2009, Najwa Karam traveled to Morocco to perform at the Mawazine Festival 2009. Her opening performance attracted a crowd exceeding 60,000. She performed for two and a half hours long as the crowd sang and danced along with her. It will go down in history as one of, if not the most successful concert of Najwa's legendary career.

On 10 June 2009, Rotana released Najwa's 18th album, entitled "Khallini Shoufak" (Let me see you). It has been deemed a very strong release from Shams El Ghenniyie, Najwa Karam. The album contains 8 songs, each with a different style of music and catchy lyrics. It is worth mentioning that along with the lead single "Khallini Shufak", three other songs are receiving huge success: "Eidak" (your hand), "Allah Yesghello Balo" (may God make him worry), and "Aboos Eynak" (kiss your eye). The remaining songs are: "Wale'"(light the fire), "El Deni Em" (a mother is the whole world), "Albi Masna' Baroud" (my heart is a gun factory), "El Haramy" (the thieve). The album is considered to be Najwa's strongest return to her original style since "Saharny" (2003). Najwa said, "it's full of folkloric, balady songs, similar to Saharny and her 90's releases". Her video for "Khallini Shoufak" was released around the same time as her cd.

It's worth to mention that Najwa was a guest performer on Star Academy 6's (Lebanon) final prime. She sang "Am Bemzah Ma'ak" (I'm joking with you), "Ta'a Khabeek" (Let me hide you), and her latest single, "Khallini Shoufak" (Let Me See you).

Najwa appeared on Layali El Samar on March 25, 2010 on ABU DHABI TV. Also Najwa was the guest star on Taratata, Dubai TV, and soon after she appeared on the TV show Akher Man Ya3lam.

2010-2011: ''Bil Rou7, Bil Dam'' (with soul, with blood) & ''Lashhad Hobbak'' (I'll beg for your love)

On May 7, 2010, Sawt El Ghad Radio, Beirut, started playing Najwa's new hit "Bil Rou7, Bil Dam" (with soul, with blood) The New hit single was the first song of Najwa's that was produced directly out of Rotana in 17 years. The song, along with its video clip, which featured in it the Guinness world record for largest plate of tabbouleh, sponsored by Najwa, were well received, and reached great success.

Then On November 11, 2010 Najwa released her next single "Lashhad Hobbak" (I'll beg for your love). Its Video clip aired on Rotana Music Channels, attracting a large audience through its classy styles, like its spider-webbed characteristics. The song became very popular among the masses, and it became a favorite of Najwa's fans. The spider-like outfit, designed by international designer Zuhair Murad, and worn by Najwa in the video clip, was later also worn by Jeniffer Lopez, in her music video, "I'm Into You."

In late 2010, although there were doubts of a new contract between Najwa and Rotana Production Company, after several meetings with Salem El Hendi, Najwa agreed to return to Rotana. Haifa Wehbe attended the dinner party which was held after the press conference telling the press that she was glad to accept Najwa’s invitation and delighted to be part of the celebration.

On January 17, 2011 Najwa was the last guest of the popular show, "Absher" with Nishan.

On February 23, 2011 the first issue of the online Najwa Karam Magazine was published by her official Page on Facebook.(facebook.com/NajwaKaram).

After Najwa decided to postponed her upcoming album, a Song called "Wayn" appeared on the internet. The song was verified stolen from the Najwa Karam Office and released without her permission. The song was recorded three years prior in 2009 and was removed from that year's Album, "Khallini Shoufak." Although illegally released, the song was well liked, and was played on numerous radio stations. With its slow rhythm and different style, unusual of Najwa's music, it reached the top ten singles, and became a favorite, especially among Najwa fans.

Arabs' got Talent

"Arabs' got Talent" debuted on 14 January 2011 on MBC4. It was the first Time for Najwa to be in a jury. The show is very successful and very popular in the Arab world. The 7th Episode was the first live show. It was on 25 February 2011.

2011: ''Hal Leile...MaFi Noum'' (Tonight, There's No Sleep)

On June 28, 2011 Rotana released "Hal Leile...MaFi Noum", Najwa Karam's 19th Studio Album. The album contains the usual 8 songs, 3 of them, "Mafi Noum," "Shu Hal Leile," and "Eainy Bi Eainak" were written by Najwa Karam herself. "MaFi Noum (There's No Sleep)" and "Shu Hal Leile (What a Night)" were both successful before the Album release. After only three days, the Album reached Number 1 on Virgin Megastore Charts, pushing Nawal Al Zoghbi's album, "Ma'rafsh Leh," from number one, down to number five. With Najwa's huge success, Tamer Hosny, a well-known Egyptian singer, was unable to land a number one spot for his new album, "Elly Gai Ahla," which was released the same day. Also unable to reach a number one spot was Assi El Helani with his album "Rouhi Ana." Two weeks after the album debut, with "MaFi Noum" still at the number 1 spot on the charts, A 3D Video clip was released for the song "MaFi Noum." It became the first produced 3D Music Clip in the Middle East, giving Najwa the earned distinction of first Arabic artist to create a video using 3D technology. Put together by three teams, one American, one British, and one Lebanese, the video was Directed by Waleed Nassif, created in cooperation with Sony, and produced by Rotana. The clip received huge success as audiences were wowed by the up-beat style of the stylish Video clip. During the opening sequence, The Clip features, Season 1 Arab's Got Talent contestant, Abdelmalek Al Baljani, from Morocco, in a dance solo. Because of his advanced dance skills, on the show, Najwa, a judge on Arab's Got Talent, had made a promise to cast Al Baljani in her next video, and when she actually did, many were surprised. The three-day shoot took place in Northern Lebanon, at Nahr Ibrahim, in the Kesserwan area of Basateen Al Ossi, Jeita Grotto, and at the studio of Mansourieh, The video clip is currently being played in 3D in Sony showrooms, and in 600 selected 3D theaters across the Arab world. It is also being aired in 2D on Rotana Music Channels, and is being sold in Virgin Megastores.

The Album itself, unlike the largely Dabke 2008 and 2009 albums, "Am Bemzah Ma'ak," and "Khallini Shoufak," was much like the Extremely successful and popular 2007 album, "Hayda Haki," which consisted of more Baladi beats. "MaFi Noum" brings a greater variety of rhythms than Najwa's past two Albums, with upbeat Dabke songs like, "Dallel" and "Bayaa Al Yanaseeb," slower songs such as "Law Bas Taraef" and "Eainy Bi Eainak," and melodious songs consisting of different rhythms like, "MaFi Noum."

Controversy regading the usage of "DOUM TAC," in "MaFi Noum"

The song "MaFi Noum" Employs the fun, "Doum Tac" Derbake notes as a part of its variety of music styles. But the "Doum, Tac...Tarra Doum Doum Doum" parts of the song were at first questioned. In critiques and popular fandom, some believed that the derbake notes were unnecessary in the song, but after repeated listening to the song, especially over the radio, the "Doum Tac" parts become catchy and fun to sing along, and the "MaFi Noum" video clip adds to they're appeal as the notes are associated with sudden movements and swift dance moves in the 3D music Video. In concerts, the audience sings along the "Doum Tac," and it, like the well-known lines "Rooh Rouhi," "Ana Ma Fiyeh," and "Aam Bimzah Maak" has become a trademark of Najwa Karam's and a popular label.

2011 Summer Concerts

On June 26, Najwa Sang infront of a massive crowd at the Timitar Festival in Aghadir, Morocco.

Following the Release of "MaFi Noum," Najwa appeared on the Star Academy 8 Final Prime, where she sang, "MaFi Noum," "Shu Hal Leile." and her 2010 Single, "Lashhad Hobbak."

Najwa also starred at the Exclusive Batroun International Festival in Lebanon, and at the Aswat Nisa2ayat, (Women's Voices) Concert in Morocco.

Other Concerts of the summer took place in Rest House Tyre, Ehden, Beit Mary, and Mayrouba, in Lebanon.

Jerash Festival

On July 28, 2011 Najwa participated in the Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts in Jordan, where she sang for an audience numbering in the tens of thousands. Present in the crowd was Queen Noor of Jordan. The successful concert earned her another Jerash Festival award, as the concert was one of the biggest 2011 summer concerts in the Middle East.

Philanthropy

2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

Karam's initial response to the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict was to go ahead with scheduled tour dates abroad, with all proceeds forwarded to the Lebanese Red Cross. Furthermore, Karam donated 3 fully equipped ambulance vehicles, also to the Lebanese Red Cross.

Other causes

In November 2006, Karam attended the launching of charity program Reach Out To Asia in Doha. The program aims at raising money for the underprivileged and disadvantaged across Asia. Najwa performed at the event.

Najwa has also raised money for other causes such as cancer research via a number of chartity performances.

Before the end of 2007 Najwa Karam appeared on LBCI TV and announced that she will be donating free full health insurance for 300 attending elderly people, hoping that this "small" first step will become bigger and bigger.

Najwa performed in a live concert on Berlin, Germany during February 2008, a percentage of the concert's earnings goes as aid for children of war in Lebanon and Palestine.

Najwa, also is currently working hard to be appointed United Nations Goodwill Ambassador, she feels that she has to contribute through her art to spread peace worldwide from the middle east.

Awards and nominations

! Year	! Awarded by	! Category
1985	Layali Lubnan	Gold Medal First Place
1994	Lebanese Broadcasting	The Best Singer
1995	Lebanese Broadcasting	The Best Singer
1995	LaRami.com	The Most Famous Singer
1996
1996		Key to the City of Chicago
1996	Jordan	Jerash Festival Award
1996	2nd Orbit	Festival Award
1996	LaRami.com	The Most Famous Singer
1997	Tunis	Carthage Festival Award
1998	Oman	Masqat Festival Award
1998	Germany	Key to the City of Düsseldorf
1998	Canada	Arab Communities Festival Award
1998	Libya	Alfatih Festival Award
1999	Australia	Arab Communities Festival Award
1999	Lebanese Army	Honorary Award
2000	Tunisia	Carthage Festival Award
2000	Tunisia	Alzahra City festival Award
2000		Pronounced As "Lebanese Diva"
2001	Qatar	"Doha Arab Song" Festival Award
2001	Kuwait	Hala February Festival Award
2001	UAE	Layali Dubai Festival Award
2001	Lebanon	Murex D'or award for The Best Arabic singer
2001	Lebanon	Best Singer from Lebanese Radio Stations
2001	Rotana	Artist of the year
2001	Rotana	Album of the Year: Nedmani
2001	Rotana	The highest selling album: Nedmani
2001	Al delta, Almahabi, Almeraj, Jabal Lebanon & Sawt El Musica	Awards
2002	Aley	Festival Award
2002	Lebanon	Tyre Festival Award
2003	Rotana	Highest selling album: Saharni
2003	Lebanon	Tyre Festival Award
2003	Lions	Best Singer of the Traditional Lebanese Songs
2003	Lebanon	Faraya City Award
2003	Jordan	Jarash Festival Award
2003	Sawt El Ghad Australia	Song of the Year: Edhak Lil Donya
2003	Australian Government	Honorary Award
2004	Kuwait	Hala February Award
2004	Tunisia	Carthage Festival Award
2004	Lebanon	Zahle City Award
2004	MusicanaNet.net	Female Artist of the Year
2005	Rotana	Arabic Singer of the Year
2005	Sawt El Ghad Australia	Song of the Year: Bhebak Walaa
2006	Sawt El Ghad Australia	Shu Hal Hala marked #4 in Top 100 songs
2007	Qatar	Doha Festival Award
2007	Kuwait	Hala February Award
2007	Jordan	Jerash Festival Award
2007	Canada	The Best Female Singer in the Middle East
2007	Mosaqiue Fm	Best Album of the Year: Hayda Haki
2007	Zahrat Al Khaleej Yearly Survey	Most Popular Female Singer #1, Best Female Singer #2
2008	Tunisia	Queen Of Carthage
2008	Software Times Award	The Best Arabic Singer
2008	LE Music Choice	The Best Lebanese Song: Am Bimzah Maak
2008	Al Sarih Magazine	The Best Arabic Singer
2008	Zahrat Al Khalig	The Best Arabic Singer (receiving 90%)
2008	Stars Magazine	#1 The Best Album: Am Bimzah Maak	Rotana	One of the most selling albums: Am Bimzah Maak
2009	Melody FM	Najwa Karam Best female singer
2009	Al Jaras TV	"Khallini shufak" Best Album for the year	Best Female singer for the year
2009	Hiya TV	Najwa karam best female singer of the year, program: Top of the Tops	"Khallini shufak" Best Album fot the year receiving 64%
2009	Najwa Karam Best singer ever who sings LEBANESE SONG accordind to www.bisara7.com
2009	IRAQ Radio FM	Najwa karam best female singer for the year (97%)	"Khallini Shoufak" best selling album in Iraq
2009	El Madina FM	Best Female Singer for the year (31.0%)
2009	Zahrat El khalij	Best Female Arab Singer for the year
2011	Virgin Records	"Hal Leile...MaFi Noum" Number 1 on Charts 3 Days after release
2011	Sony	"MaFi Noum" First 3D Music Video in the Middle East
2011	Jerash, Jordan	Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts Award

Discography

Studio albums

1989: ''Ya Habayeb''

1992: ''Shams el-Ghinnieh''

1993: ''Ana Ma'akon''

1994: ''Naghmet Hob''

1995: ''Ma Bassmahlak''

1996: ''Hazi Helo''

1997: ''Ma Hada La Hada''

1998: ''Maghroumeh''

1999: ''Rouh Rouhi''

2000: ''Oyoun Qalbi''

2001: ''Nedmaneh''

2002: ''Tahamouni''

2003: ''Saharni''

2004: ''Shu Mghaira..!''

2005: ''Kibir'el Hob''

2007: ''Hayda Haki'':

2008: ''Am Bemzah Ma'ak''

2009: ''Khallini Shoufak''

2011: ''Hal Leile... MaFi Noum''

Singles not appearing in albums

2000: ''Tal Omrak''

2003: ''W Kberna'' withWadih El Safi

2005: ''Shou Jani''

2006: ''Rah Yeb'a El Watan '' featuring Melhem Barakat

2007: ''Bel Sana'' with Melhem Barakat

2010: ''Bil Rou7, Bil Dam''

2010: ''Lashhad Hobbak''

2011: ''Wayn''

Compilations

2001: ''The Very Best Of Najwa Karam''

2006: ''Greatest Hits''

Live recordings

2001: ''Live in Concert''

2008: ''Queen of Carthage 2008''

See also

Music of Lebanon

References

Websites

Najwa Karam's Official Website

Najwa Karam's Official Facebook-Page

Najwa Karam's Official YouTube-Channel

Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Arabic-language singers Category:Lebanese female singers Category:Lebanese Maronites Category:People from Zahle Category:Rotana artists

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