Sale may refer to:

Sales (disambiguation)

Sale, discounts and allowances in the prices of goods, such as:

*Fire sale, a drastic discount in prices

*Loan sale, a sale under contract of all or part of the cash stream from a specific loan

*Closeout, the final sale of an item or items to zero inventory

Places

Sale, Greater Manchester, England

*Municipal Borough of Sale, a former local government district of Cheshire.

Sale, Victoria, Australia

Sale, Piedmont, an Italian commune in the province of Alessandria

Salé, Morocco

Sale Marasino, an Italian commune in the province of Brescia

Sale Airport, Rabat, Morocco

Sale (Tanzanian ward) a ward in Tanzania

Shali, Republic of Tatarstan

Saale, a river in Germany.

People

Chic Sale (1885-1936), American vaudeville performer

Chris Sale, American baseball pitcher

Forest Sale, American basketball player

Freddy Sale, American baseball pitcher

George Sale, 18th-century English orientalist

Jamie Salé, Canadian pairs figure skater

Kirkpatrick Sale, American environmental and human ecology scholar and author

Sir Robert Henry Sale, GCB, British soldier

Tim Sale (artist), American comic book artist

Tim Sale (politician), Canadian politician

Tommy Sale, English footballer

Tony Sale, English computer hardware engineer and historian of computing

Music

''The Sale'', a record by the American progressive rock band Crack the Sky

Organisations

BOC Aviation, formerly Singapore Aircraft Leasing Enterprise (SALE)

See also

Sales (disambiguation)

Sail (disambiguation)

ca:Sale cy:Sale de:Sale fr:Sale (homonymie) it:Sale (disambigua) nl:Sale ja:セール pl:Sale ru:Сале (значения) simple:Sale sv:Sale uk:Сале

name	Jonathan Zittrain
birth date	December 24, 1969
nationality	US
alma mater	Yale University, Harvard Law School, John F. Kennedy School of Government
employer	Harvard University
occupation	Professor
website	http://futureoftheinternet.org/blog/ http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/jzittrain }}

Jonathan L. Zittrain (born 24 December 1969) is a US professor of Internet law at Harvard Law School and the Harvard Kennedy School, a professor of computer science at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and a faculty co-director of Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet & Society. Previously, Zittrain was Professor of Internet Governance and Regulation at the Oxford Internet Institute of the University of Oxford and visiting professor at the New York University School of Law and Stanford Law School. He is the author, most recently, of ''The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It''; and co-editor of the books ''Access Denied'' (MIT Press, 2008) and ''Access Controlled'' (MIT Press, 2010).

Zittrain works in several intersections of the Internet with law and policy including intellectual property, censorship and filtering for content control and computer security. He founded a project at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society that develops classroom tools.

Family and education

Zittrain is the son of two attorneys, Ruth A. Zittrain and Lester E. Zittrain, who was the personal attorney of professional football star Joe Greene. In 2004 with Jennifer K. Harrison, Zittrain published ''The Torts Game: Defending Mean Joe Greene'', a book the authors dedicated to their parents. His brother Jeff is an established Bay Area musician. His sister, Laurie Zittrain Eisenberg, is a scholar of the Arab/Israeli conflict and teaches at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. He is unmarried and has no children.

Zittrain, who grew up in the suburb of Churchill outside of Pittsburgh, graduated in 1987 from Shady Side Academy, a private school in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He holds a bachelor's ''summa cum laude'' in cognitive science and artificial intelligence from Yale University, 1991, where he was a member of the Yale Political Union and Davenport College, a J.D. ''magna cum laude'' from Harvard Law School, 1995, where he was the winner of the Williston Negotiation Competition, and a master of public administration from Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, 1995.

He was law clerk for Stephen F. Williams of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and served with the U.S. Department of Justice and in 1991 with the Department of State and at the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence in 1992 and 1994. He was a longtime forum administrator, or sysop, for the online service CompuServe, serving for many years as the chief administrator for its private forum for all of its forum administrators.

Later career

Zittrain joined the staff of the University of Oxford in Oxford in the United Kingdom as of September 2005. He held the Chair in Internet Governance and Regulation, was a principal of the Oxford Internet Institute, and was a Professorial Fellow of Keble College, which has developed a particular interest in computer science and public policy. In the U.S., he was also the Jack N. & Lillian R. Berkman Visiting Professor for Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard Law School in Cambridge, Massachusetts and director and founder with Charles Nesson of its Berkman Center for Internet & Society. Zittrain was a visiting professor at the Stanford Law School in 2007 and was a visiting professor at New York University School of Law in New York City for the spring 2008 semester.

Zittrain taught or taught with others Harvard's courses on ''Cyberlaw: Internet Points of Control'', ''The Exploding Internet: Building A Global Commons in Cyberspace'', ''Torts'', ''Internet & Society: The Technologies and Politics of Control'', ''The Law of Cyberspace'', ''The Law of Cyberspace: Social Protocols'', ''Privacy Policy'', ''The Microsoft Case'' and ''The High Tech Entrepreneur''. He searched for novel ways to use technology unobtrusively in the classroom, founded H2O at Harvard and used the system to teach his classes. Students are polled, assigned opposing arguments and use H2O to develop their writing skills. Students enrolled in his ''The Internet and Society'' class could participate both orally and via the Internet. A teaching fellow seated in the classroom supplied him with the comments received from students in real time via email as well as through "chat" or "instant message" from students participating in the class while logged into Second Life. (www.secondlife.com)

He has been critical of the process used by ICANN, the International Telecommunication Union and the World Summit on the Information Society. Although he describes their approach as in some ways simple and naïve, Zittrain sees more hope in the open Internet Engineering Task Force model and in the ethical code and assumption of good faith that govern Wikipedia. He wrote in 2008, "Wikipedia—with the cooperation of many Wikipedians—has developed a system of self-governance that has many indicia of the rule of law without heavy reliance on outside authority or boundary."

In 2009 Zittrain was elected to the Internet Society's Board of Trustees for a 4 year term. In February 2011 he joined the board of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Internet filtering

The OpenNet Initiative (ONI) monitors Internet censorship by national governments. Between 2001 and 2003 at Harvard's Berkman Center, Zittrain and Benjamin Edelman studied Internet filtering. In their tests during 2002, when Google had indexed almost 2.5 billion pages, they found sites blocked, from approximately 100 in France and Germany to 2,000 in Saudi Arabia and 20,000 in the People's Republic of China. The authors published a statement of issues and a call for data that year.

Building on the work done at the Berkman Center, ONI published special reports, case studies and bulletins beginning in 2004, and as of 2008, offered research on filtering in 40 countries as well as by region of the world. Today at ONI, with Ronald Deibert of the University of Toronto, John Palfrey who was previously the executive director of the Berkman Center (now a professor of law and vice-dean at Harvard Law School), and Rafal Rohozinski of the University of Cambridge, Zittrain is a principal investigator.

In 2001, Zittrain cofounded Chilling Effects with his students and former students, including Wendy Seltzer, who had conceived of the site that monitors cease and desist letters. When its search results have been altered at the request of a national government, Google directs its users to Chilling Effects.

Copyright

On October 9, 2002, Zittrain and Lawrence Lessig argued a landmark case known as ''Eldred v. Ashcroft'' before the United States Supreme Court. As co-counsel for the plaintiff, they argued the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) was unconstitutional. The court ruled 7–2 on January 15, 2003 to uphold the CTEA which extended existing copyrights 20 years, from the life of the author plus 50 years to plus 70 years. In the words of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the petitioners did "not challenge the CTEA's 'life-plus-70-years' time span itself. They maintain that Congress went awry not with respect to newly created works, but in enlarging the term for published works with existing copyrights." The court found that the act did "not exceed Congress' power" and that "CTEA's extension of existing and future copyrights does not violate the First Amendment". Zittrain said in 2003 he was concerned that Congress will hear the same arguments after the 20-year extension passes, and that the Internet is causing a "cultural reassessment of the meaning of copyright".

Security

After Zittrain joined the staff at Oxford, Zittrain and John Palfrey at the Berkman Center founded StopBadware.org in 2006 to function as a clearinghouse for what has become proliferation of malware. Borrowing Wikipedia's "ethical code that encourages users to do the right thing rather than the required thing", the organization wished to assign the task of data collection—and not analysis—about malware to Internet users at large. When its scans find dangerous code, Google places StopBadware alerts in its search results and rescans later to determine whether a site had been cleaned.

One of StopBadware's goals is to "preempt" the stifling of the Internet. The founders think that centralized regulation could follow a serious Internet security breach, and that consumers might then choose to purchase closed, centrally managed solutions like tethered appliances that are modified by their vendor rather than owner, or might flee to services in walled gardens. In Zittrain's word, "generative" devices and platforms, including the Internet itself, offer an opening forward. In 2007, he said, "...we're moving to software-as-service, which can be yanked or transformed at any moment. The ability of your PC to run independent code is an important safety valve."

Reactions in the ''Boston Review'' accompanied the publication of ''The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It'' in 2008. Support came from David D. Clark and Susan P. Crawford. Criticism ranged from Richard Stallman's finding no evidence of a flight to closed systems and his message that software developers need control and software patents must end, to a request for cost-benefit analysis to the belief that netizenship won't scale to the business world to faith that consumers will buy only open, non-proprietary systems.

Directed by Palfrey and Zittrain, StopBadware receives high-level guidance from its advisory board: Vint Cerf of Google, Esther Dyson, George He of Lenovo, Greg Papadopoulos of Sun Microsystems and Ari Schwartz of the Center for Democracy and Technology. The working group, which has included Ben Adida, Scott Bradner, Beau Brendler, Jerry Gregoire, Eric L. Howes and Nart Villeneuve at various times, frames the project's research agenda and methodology and is the body which helps to inform the public about StopBadware's work. StopBadware has been supported by AOL, Google, eBay/PayPal, Lenovo, Trend Micro and VeriSign and has been advised by Consumer Reports WebWatch.

Stock markets and spam

Writing with Laura Freider of Purdue University, in 2008 Zittrain published ''Spam Works: Evidence from Stock Touts and Corresponding Market Activity'' in the Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal to document the manipulation of stock prices via spam email. They found evidence that "stocks experience a significantly positive return on days prior to heavy touting via spam" and that "prolific spamming greatly affects the trading volume of a targeted stock". Apart from transaction costs, the spammer in some circumstances earned over 4% while the average investor who bought on the day of receipt of the spam would lose more than 5% if they sold two days later. Frieder said in 2006 that she knew of no other explanation for their results but that people do follow the stock tips in their spam email.

Recent publications

(online book)

Notes

External links

Category:1970 births Category:Living people Category:American legal scholars Category:Fellows of Keble College, Oxford Category:Harvard Law School alumni Category:Harvard Law School faculty Category:John F. Kennedy School of Government alumni Category:New York University faculty Category:People from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Category:Stanford University faculty Category:Yale University alumni

et:Jonathan Zittrain

name	Adriano Celentano
background	solo_singer
birth date	January 06, 1938
origin	Milan, Italy
instrument	Vocals, Guitar
genre	Pop, Rock
occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician, actor, director, television presenter
years active	1957–present
label	Jolly, Clan Celentano
associated acts	I Ribelli, Mina
website	www.clancelentano.it }}

Adriano Celentano (born 6 January 1938) is an Italian singer, songwriter, comedian, actor, film director and TV host.

Biography

Celentano was born in Milan at 14 Via Gluck, about which he later wrote the famous song "Il ragazzo della via Gluck" ("The boy from Gluck Street"). His parents were from Foggia, in Apulia, and had moved north for work.

According to urban legend, before beginning his singing career, Celentano was a student of Ghigo Agosti during Agosti's 1955-1956 Northern Italian tour, which was also guitarist Giorgio Gaber's debut.

Heavily influenced by his idol Elvis Presley and the 1950s rock revolution and by the American actor Jerry Lewis, he has retained his popularity in Italy for the last 40 years, selling millions of records and appearing in numerous TV shows and movies. In the latter respect, he has also been a creator of a comic genre, with his characteristic walking and his facial expressions. For the most part, his films were commercially successful; indeed in the 1970s and part of the 1980s, he was the king of the Italian box office in low budget movies. As an actor, critics point to ''Serafino'' (1968), directed by Pietro Germi, as his best performance.

As a director he frequently casts Ornella Muti, Eleonora Giorgi and his wife Claudia Mori. He and Claudia have three children; Rosita, Giacomo and Rosalinda Celentano, most notable to worldwide audiences for playing Satan in Mel Gibson's ''The Passion of the Christ''. He also often works as a host on several Italian television shows.

He has released forty albums, comprising twenty nine studio albums, three live albums, and eight compilations. His most famous songs are "La coppia piu' bella del mondo", which sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc; "Azzurro" (1968), with lyrics by Paolo Conte; and "Prisencolinensinainciusol" (1972).

Celentano was referenced in the 1979 Ian Dury and the Blockheads song and single, "Reasons to be Cheerful, Part 3", as one of the aforementioned "reasons to be cheerful," and in Fellini's 1986 film ''Ginger and Fred''.

Adriano Celentano has been a vegetarian since 2005 and defends animal rights.

Discography

''La festa'' (1965)

''Il ragazzo della via Gluck'' (1966)

''Una festa sui prati'' (1967)

''Una carezza in un pugno'' (1968)

''Adriano Rock'' (1969)

''Il forestiero ''(1970)

''Er più ''(1971)

''I mali del secolo'' (1972)

''Prisencolinensinainciusol'' (1972)

''Yuppi du'' (1974)

''Svalutation'' (1976)

''Tecadisk'' (1976)

''Geppo il folle'' (1978)

''Ti avrò'' (1978)

''Soli'' (1979)

''Me live!'' (1979)

''Un po' artista un po' no'' (1980)

''Deus'' (1981)

''Atmosfera'' (1983)

''I miei americani'' (1984)

''Joan Lui'' (1985)

''I miei americani 2'' (1986)

''La pubblica ottusità'' (1987)

''Il re degli ignoranti'' (1991)

''Super Best'' (1992)

''Quel punto'' (1994)

'' Arrivano gli uomini'' (1996)

''Alla corte del remix'' (1997)

''Mina Celentano'' (1998)

''Io non so parlar d'amore'' (1999)

''Esco di rado e parlo ancora meno'' (2000)

''Il cuore, la voce'' (2001)

''Per sempre'' (2002)

''Le volte che Celentano è stato 1'' (2003)

''C'è sempre un motivo'' (2004)

''L'indiano (single)'' (2005)

''La tigre e il molleggiato'' (2006)

''Dormi amore - La situazione non è buona'' (2007)

''L'animale'' (2008)

Films

''La dolce vita '' (1960)

''Il monaco di Monza '' (1963)

''Super rapina a Milano '' (1965)

''Serafino'' (1968)

''Er Più - storia d'amore e di coltello ''(1971)

'' Bianco rosso e...'' (1972)

'' L'emigrante ''(1973)

'' Rugantino'' (1973)

''The Five Days'' aka ''Le Cinque Giornate'' (1973)

'' Yuppi du ''(1974)

'' Di che segno sei?'' (1975)

'' Culastrisce nobile veneziano'' (1976)

'' Bluff - storia di truffe e di imbroglioni'' (1976)

'' Ecco noi per esempio'' (1977)

'' L'altra metà del cielo ''(1977)

'' Geppo il folle'' (1978)

''Zio Adolfo in arte Führer'' (1978)

''Mani di velluto'' (1979)

''La locandiera'' (1980)

''Qua la mano'' (1980)

''Sabato, domenica e venerdì'' (1980)

''Il bisbetico domato'' (1980)

''Innamorato pazzo'' (1981)

''Asso'' (1981)

''Bingo Bongo'' (1982)

''Grand Hotel Excelsior'' (1982)

''Segni particolari: bellissimo'' (1983)

'' Sing Sing'' (1983)

'' Lui è peggio di me'' (1984)

''Joan Lui ''(1985)

''Il burbero'' (1986)

Jackpot (1991)

See also

List of best-selling music artists

References

External links

Official website

The complete Adriano Celentano discography (from Music City)

Adriano Celentano - Russian Pages Adriano Celentano - International Unofficial fanclub

Youtube movie video

Adriano Celentano Filmography

Category:1938 births Category:Living people Category:People from Milan Category:Italian male singers Category:Italian comedians Category:Italian film actors Category:Italian songwriters Category:Italian buskers Category:Italian vegetarians Category:Italian-language singers Category:Sanremo Music Festival winners

ar:أدريانو تشيلنتانو az:Adriano Çelentano be:Адрыяна Чэлентана be-x-old:Адрыяна Чэлентана bg:Адриано Челентано ca:Adriano Celentano cs:Adriano Celentano de:Adriano Celentano et:Adriano Celentano el:Αντριάνο Τσελεντάνο es:Adriano Celentano eo:Adriano Celentano eu:Adriano Celentano fr:Adriano Celentano hy:Ադրիանո Չելենտանո hr:Adriano Celentano io:Adriano Celentano id:Adriano Celentano it:Adriano Celentano ka:ადრიანო ჩელენტანო ku:Adriano Celentano la:Hadrianus Celentano hu:Adriano Celentano nl:Adriano Celentano no:Adriano Celentano pl:Adriano Celentano pt:Adriano Celentano ro:Adriano Celentano ru:Челентано, Адриано sq:Adriano Celentano sr:Адријано Челентано fi:Adriano Celentano sv:Adriano Celentano tr:Adriano Celentano uk:Адріано Челентано

name	Buddy Rich
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Bernard Rich
alias	Traps the Drum Wonder (as a boy) and "B" (as an adult)
birth date	September 30, 1917
death date	April 02, 1987
religion	Jewish
origin	Brooklyn, New York, US
instrument	Drums, percussion
genre	Jazz, big band, swing, bebop
occupation	Musician, songwriter, bandleader, actor
years active	1919–1987
associated acts	Joe MarsalaBunny BeriganArtie ShawTommy DorseyBenny CarterHarry JamesLes BrownCharlie VenturaJazz at the PhilharmonicNat King ColeElla FitzgeraldGene Krupa and Louis Armstrong
website	http://www.buddyrich.com/
notable instruments	}}

Bernard "Buddy" Rich (September 30, 1917 – April 2, 1987) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. Rich was billed as "the world's greatest drummer" and was known for his virtuosic technique, power, groove, and speed.

Early life

Rich was born in Brooklyn, New York, to vaudevillians Robert and Bess Rich. His talent for rhythm was first noted by his father, who saw that Buddy could keep a steady beat with spoons at the age of one. He began playing drums in vaudeville when he was 18 months old, billed as "Traps the Drum Wonder." At the peak of Rich's childhood career, he was reportedly the second-highest paid child entertainer in the world (after Jackie Coogan). At 11 he was performing as a bandleader. He received no formal drum instruction, and went so far as to claim that instruction would only degrade his musical talent. He also never admitted to practicing, claiming to play the drums only during performances and was not known to read music. He expressed great admiration for, and was influenced by, the playing of Chick Webb, Gene Krupa, Dave Tough, and Jo Jones, among others.

Jazz career

Rich first played jazz with a major group in 1937 with Joe Marsala and guitarist Jack Lemaire. He then played with Bunny Berigan (1938) and Artie Shaw (1939), and even instructed a 14-year-old Mel Brooks in drumming for a short period when playing for Shaw. At 21, Rich participated in his first major recording with the Vic Schoen Orchestra (the band that backed the Andrews Sisters). In 1938, he was also hired to play in Tommy Dorsey's orchestra where he met and performed with Frank Sinatra. In 1942, Rich left the Dorsey band to join the United States Marine Corps. He rejoined the Dorsey group after leaving the Marines two years later. In 1946, Rich formed his own band with financial support from Sinatra, and continued to lead different groups on and off until the early fifties.

In addition to Tommy Dorsey (1939–1942, 1945, 1954–1955), Rich also played with Benny Carter (1942), Harry James (1953-1956–1962, 1964, 1965), Les Brown, Charlie Ventura, and Jazz at the Philharmonic, as well as leading his own band and performing with all-star groups. In the early fifties Rich played with Dorsey and also began to perform with trumpeter Harry James, an association which lasted until 1966. In 1966, Rich left James in order to develop a new big band. For most of the period from 1966 until his death, he led successful big bands in an era when the popularity of big bands had waned from their 1930s and 40s peak. In this later period, Rich continued to play clubs but he had stated in multiple interviews that the great majority of his big band's performances were at high schools, colleges and universities, with club performances done to a much lesser degree. Rich also served as the session drummer for many recordings, where his playing was often much more understated than in his own big-band performances. Especially notable were Rich's sessions for the late-career comeback recordings of Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong, on which he worked with pianist Oscar Peterson and his famous trio featuring bassist Ray Brown and guitarist Herb Ellis.

Drumming technique and well known performances

Rich's technique has been one of the most standardized and coveted in drumming. His dexterity, musicality of playing style, speed and smooth execution are considered "holy grails" of drum technique and have been considered next to impossible to duplicate. While Rich typically held his sticks using traditional grip, he was also a skilled "match grip" player, and was one of few drummers to master the one-handed roll on both hands. Some of his more spectacular moves are crossover riffs, where he would criss-cross his arms from one drum to another, sometimes over the arm, and even under the arm at great speed.

He often used contrasting techniques to keep long drum solos from getting mundane. Aside from his energetic explosive displays, he would go into quieter passages. One passage he would use in most solos starts with a simple single-stroke roll on the snare picking up speed and power, then slowly moving his sticks closer to the rim as he gets quieter and then eventually playing on just the rim itself while still maintaining speed. Then he would reverse the effect and slowly move towards the center of the snare while increasing power.

Rich also demonstrated incredible skill at brush technique. On one album, 1955's ''The Lionel Hampton Art Tatum Buddy Rich Trio'', Rich plays brushes almost exclusively throughout.

Another Rich technique that few drummers have been able to perfect is the stick-trick – a fast roll performed by slapping two drumsticks together in a circular motion.

In 1942, Rich and drum teacher Henry Adler co-authored the instructional book ''Buddy Rich's Modern Interpretation of Snare Drum Rudiments,'' regarded as one of the more popular snare-drum rudiment books.

One of Adler's former students introduced Adler to Rich. "The kid told me Buddy played better than [Gene] Krupa. Buddy was only in his teens at the time and his friend was my first pupil. Buddy played and I watched his hands. Well, he knocked me right out. He did everything I wanted to do, and he did it with such ease. When I met his folks, I asked them who his teacher was. 'He never studied,' they told me. That made me feel very good. I realized that it was something physical, not only mental, that you had to have."

In a 1985 interview, Adler clarified the extent of his teacher-student relationship to Rich and their collaboration on the instructional book:

"I had nothing to do with [the rumor that I taught Buddy how to play]. That was a result of Tommy Dorsey's introduction to the Buddy Rich book," Adler said. "I used to go around denying it, knowing that Buddy was a natural player. Sure, he studied with me, but he didn't come to me to learn how to hold the drumsticks. I set out to teach Buddy to read. He'd take six lessons, go on the road for six weeks and come back. He didn't have time to practice."

"Tommy Dorsey wanted Buddy to write a book and he told him to get in touch with me. I did the book and Tommy wrote the foreword. Technically, I was Buddy's teacher, but I came along after he had already acquired his technique."

When asked about Rich's ability to read music, Bobby Shew, lead trumpeter in Rich's mid-60s big band replied, :"No. He’d always have a drummer there during rehearsals to read and play the parts initially on new arrangements... He’d only have to listen to a chart once and he’d have it memorized. We'd run through it and he'd know exactly how it went, how many measures it ran and what he'd have to do to drive it... The guy had the most natural instincts."

The ''West Side Story'' Medley

Perhaps his most popular later performance was a big band arrangement of a medley derived from the Leonard Bernstein classic ''West Side Story'', first released on the 1966 album ''Buddy Rich's Swingin' New Big Band''

The West Side Story medley is a complex and difficult-to-perform big-band arrangement which highlights Rich's remarkable ability to blend the rhythm of his drumming into his band's playing of the musical chart. Penned by Bill Reddie, Rich received the West Side Story arrangement of Leonard Bernstein's melodies from the famed musical in the mid-1960s and found it to be very challenging even for him. It consists of many rapid-fire time changes and signatures and took almost a month of constant rehearsals to perfect. It since became a staple in all his performances, clocking in at various lengths from seven to fifteen minutes. Bernstein himself had nothing but praise for it. In 2002, a DVD was released called ''The Lost West Side Story Tapes'' that captured a 1985 performance of this along with other numbers. These tapes had been previously thought to have been lost in a fire. Rich's ability to create spontaneous drum solos that matched and melded with the musical intricacies and intensity of big band scores was chief among his musical brilliance.

''Channel One'' Suite

After the West Side Story Medley, Rich's most famous performance was the Channel One Suite by Bill Reddie. Like the West Side Story Medley, the Channel One Suite generally was a quite long performance ranging from about 12 minutes to about 26 minutes and usually contained 2 or 3 drum solos. Although 26 minute performances of the Channel One Suite were not incredibly common, they were not unheard of. A recording of one of his live performances was released in 2006 which contained a 26 minute Channel One Suite.

TV appearances

In the 1950s, Rich was a frequent guest on ''The Steve Allen Show'' and other television variety shows. Beginning in 1962, Rich was also a frequent guest on Johnny Carson's ''Tonight Show'' and ''The Merv Griffin Show'', among others, and appeared with his Big Band on British television, on Michael Parkinson's talk show ''Parkinson'' and on the Terry Wogan Show (the last on October 29, 1986, only a few months prior to his death). One of his most widely seen television performances was in a 1981 episode of ''The Muppet Show'', where he engaged Muppet drummer "Animal" (played by Ronnie Verrell) in a drum battle. Rich also made guest appearances on the TV shows ''Here's Lucy'' and ''Hee Haw''.

In an episode of Michael Parkinson's British talk show, Parkinson kidded Rich about his Donny Osmond kick, by claiming that Rich was the president of The Osmonds' fan club.

Instruments

Buddy was known as a performer and endorser of Slingerland ''Radio King'', and Rogers Drums. He switched to Ludwig drums for much of the 1970s to the early 1980s. While recovering from a heart attack in 1959, Rich was presented with an original Slingerland Radio King 5X14 wood snare drum completely reconditioned by the Eames drum company. Later, a mismatched Radio King set was completely refurbished for Rich and he used that set right up to his death in 1987. His typical setup included a 14"X26" bass drum, 9"X13" mounted tom, two 16"X16" floor toms (although he rarely used the second tom where he would simply place a towel on the surface), and a 5"X14" snare drum. His cymbals were typically Zildjian consisting of standard 14" hi hats, 20" ride, either a 6" or 8" splash, two 18" crashes, and a 20" swish.

Personality

Although Rich was usually helpful and friendly, he had a short temper. While he threatened many times to fire members of his band, he seldom did so, and for the most part he lauded his band members during television and print interviews. Dusty Springfield allegedly slapped Rich after several days of "putting up with Rich's insults and show-biz sabotage."

In the Beastie Boys song "Sabotage", the lyrics "I'm Buddy Rich when I fly off the handle," referred to Rich's temper. Buddy Rich held a black belt in karate, as mentioned in a CNN television interview with Larry King, c. 1985.

Band member and lifelong friend David Lucas says that "Rich had a soft heart underneath it all. His favorite song was "It's Not Easy Being Green".

The tapes

Rich's temper, mercurial attitude and imposing personality are documented in secret recordings that pianist Lee Musiker made during some of his tantrums on tour buses and backstage in the early 1980s. These recordings, long circulated in bootleg form, have done much to fuel the reputation of Rich's personality. The tapes were popular with comedians Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David, who used three quotes from them more or less verbatim on ''Seinfeld'':

"If I have to tell you again, we're gonna take it outside and I'm gonna show you what it's like!" ("The Opposite")

"This guy – this is not my kind of guy." ("The Understudy")

"Then let's see how he does, up there, without all the assistance!" ("The Butter Shave")

On one recording, Rich threatens to fire Dave Panichi, a trombonist, for wearing a beard. Days before Rich died, he was visited by Mel Tormé, who claims that one of Rich's last requests was "to hear the tapes" that featured his angry outbursts. At the time, Tormé was working on an authorized biography of Rich which was released after Rich's death, titled ''Traps, The Drum Wonder: The Life of Buddy Rich''.

Death and legacy

Buddy Rich remained active performing until the end of his life. On April 2, 1987, Rich died of heart failure following surgery for a malignant brain tumor. He is interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles. He was 69.

Since Rich's death, a number of memorial concerts have been held. In 1994, the Rich tribute album ''Burning for Buddy: A Tribute to the Music of Buddy Rich'' was released. Produced by Rush drummer/lyricist Neil Peart, the album features performances of Rich staples by a number of rock and jazz drummers such as Kenny Aronoff, Dave Weckl, Steve Gadd, Max Roach, Steve Smith, and Peart himself, accompanied by the Buddy Rich Big Band. A second volume was issued in 1997.

In Italy, Rich's version of Winning the West was from 1973 to 1976 the musical theme of a weekly TV sports magazine broadcast, ''La domenica sportiva''.

Buddy is also mentioned in the television show Archer as the possible father of Sterling Mallory Archer.

Discography

Studio and live albums as leader or co-leader

1953: ''The Flip Phillips Buddy Rich Trio'' (Clef Records)

1954: ''The Swinging Buddy Rich'' (Norgran Records)

1955: ''Sing and Swing with Buddy Rich'' (Norgran)

1955: ''Buddy and Sweets'' (Norgran)

1955: ''The Lester Young Buddy Rich Trio'' (Norgran)

1955: ''The Wailing Buddy Rich'' (Norgran)

1955: ''Krupa and Rich'' (Clef) (with Gene Krupa)

1955: ''The Lionel Hampton Art Tatum Buddy Rich Trio'' (Clef)

1956: ''Buddy Rich Sings Johnny Mercer'' (Verve Records)

1956: ''This One's for Basie'' (Verve) – re-issued 1967 as ''Big Band Shout''

1957: ''Buddy Rich Just Sings'' (Verve)

1958: ''Buddy Rich in Miami'' (Verve)

1959: ''Richcraft'' (Mercury Records) – also ''The Rich Rebellion'' (Wing)

1959: ''Rich versus Roach'' (Mercury) (with Max Roach)

1959: ''The Voice is Rich'' (Mercury)

1960: ''The Driver'' (EmArcy Records)

1961: ''Playtime'' (Argo Records)

1961: ''Blues Caravan'' (Verve)

1962: ''Burnin' Beat'' (Verve) (with Gene Krupa)

1965: ''Are You Ready for This? (Roost) – with Louie Bellson

1966: ''Swingin' New Big Band'' (Pacific Jazz Records/Blue Note Records)

1966: ''The Sounds of '66'' (Reprise Records) (Live, with Sammy Davis, Jr.)

1967: ''Big Swing Face'' (Pacific Jazz) (Live)

1967: ''The New One!'' (Pacific Jazz) – aka ''Take it Away''

1968: ''Rich à la Rakha'' (World Pacific) (with Alla Rakha)

1968: ''Mercy, Mercy'' (Pacific Jazz) (Live)

1969: ''Buddy & Soul'' (Pacific Jazz) (Live)

1970: ''Keep the Customer Satisfied'' (Liberty Records) (Live)

1971: ''A Different Drummer'' (RCA Records)

1971: ''Rich in London'' (RCA) – expanded UK release = ''Buddy Rich: Very Alive at Ronnie Scott's'' (RCA (UK)) (Live)

1972: ''Stick It'' (RCA)

1973: ''The Roar of '74'' (Groove Merchant Records)

1974: ''Very Live at Buddy's Place'' (Groove Merchant) (Live)

1974: ''Transition'' (Groove Merchant) – with Lionel Hampton

1974: ''The Last Blues Album, Vol. 1'' (Groove Merchant)

1975: ''Big Band Machine'' (Groove Merchant)

1976: ''Speak No Evil'' (RCA)

1977: ''Buddy Rich Plays and Plays and Plays'' (RCA)

1977: ''Lionel Hampton Presents Buddy Rich'' (Who's Who In Jazz) – aka ''Buddy's Cherokee...'' also released as ''The Sound of Jazz, Vol 10''

1977: ''Class of '78'' (The Great American Gramophone Company) – also released as ''The Greatest Drummer That Ever Lived with The Best Band I Ever Had''

1977: ''Europe '77'' (Magic)

1978: ''Together Again: For the First Time'' (Gryphon/Century) – aka ''When I Found You'' (with Mel Tormé)

1980: ''Live at Ronnie Scott's'' (DRG) – aka ''The Man from Planet Jazz'' (Live)

1981: ''The Buddy Rich Band'' (MCA)

1983: ''Rich and Famous'' (Amway) – aka ''The Magic of Buddy Rich'', aka ''Buddy Rich – The Man''

1985: ''Mr. Drums: Live on King Street, San Francisco'' (Café) (Live)

Posthumous releases of previously unreleased recordings

2001: ''Wham! The Buddy Rich Big Band Live'' (Label M)

2004: ''No Funny Hats'' (Lightyear)

Notable compilation albums

1960: ''The Drum Battle (Gene Krupa and Buddy Rich at JATP)'' (Verve)

196?: ''The Best of Buddy Rich'' (Pacific Jazz)

1969: ''Super Rich'' (Verve)

1971: ''Time Being'' (Bluebird/RCA)

1987: ''Compact Jazz: Buddy Rich'' (Verve)

1990: ''Compact Jazz: Gene Krupa & Buddy Rich'' (Verve)

1992: ''No Jive'' (Novus)

1998: ''Buddy Rich: The Legendary '47–'48 Orchestra Vol. 1'' (Hep Records)

1998: ''Buddy Rich: The Legendary '46–'48 Orchestra Vol. 2'' (Hep)

2005: ''Classic EmArcy, Verve, Small Group Buddy Rich Sessions'' (7 CD Box set, Mosaic Records #232)

References

External links

Official website

Buddy Rich at Wikiquote

(Discography and brief biography)

Buddy Rich videos, pictures, quotes, and set-up at TotalDrumsets.com

Category:1917 births Category:1987 deaths Category:American jazz drummers Category:American jazz composers Category:Bebop drummers Category:Big band drummers Category:Cancer deaths in California Category:Deaths from brain cancer Category:Deaths from heart failure Category:Jazz bandleaders Category:Mainstream jazz drummers Category:Musicians from New York Category:People from Brooklyn Category:Swing drummers Category:Vaudeville performers Category:RCA Records artists Category:American Jews

cs:Buddy Rich da:Buddy Rich de:Buddy Rich es:Buddy Rich eo:Buddy Rich fr:Buddy Rich fy:Buddy Rich it:Buddy Rich he:באדי ריץ' ja:バディ・リッチ no:Buddy Rich nn:Buddy Rich pl:Buddy Rich pt:Buddy Rich ru:Рич, Бадди fi:Buddy Rich sv:Buddy Rich tr:Buddy Rich

Name	Quik
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	David Marvin Blake
Alias	Quik
Birth date	January 18, 1970
Origin	Compton, California, U.S.
Instrument	Vocals, synthesizer, keyboards, turntables, drum machine, sampler
Genre	Hip hop, G-Funk, rock
Occupation	Rapper, DJ, record producer, Actor
Years active	1987–present
Label	Profile (1990-1998)Arista (1999-2001)Ark 21 (2002)Warner Bros. (2003-2004)Mad Science (2005-Present)Fontana (2005-Present)Universal (2001-2003, 2010-Present)
Associated acts	AMG, The Fixxers, 2nd II None, Danny Boy (singer), Suga Free, 2Pac, Eazy-E, Kurupt, QDT, Snoop Dogg, Mausberg Teddy Riley, Nate Dogg, Hi-C, ElDebarge }}

David Marvin Blake (born January 18, 1970), better known by his stage name DJ Quik, is an MC and record producer. According to Quik himself, his stage name reflects his ability to produce records in short time.

Blake has written, produced, and remixed music for many artists. Often compared to Dr. Dre, he is one of the most skilled producers to come from Compton, California. He has conducted many songs for many mainstream artists. Although his credibility goes unrecognized by non-Hip Hop audiences, he is one of America's most complete artists.

Early life

David Marvin Blake was born on January 18, 1970 in Compton, California. He was chiefly inspired by funk and soul artists, such as Roger Troutman (who even taught him the use of the talkbox, which became a trademark for Quik's sound throughout his career) and George Clinton. Out of respect for his beloved friend, Roger Troutman, he retired the talkbox. David's love for music began at 2, as his mom had an extensive record collection. By age 12 he was already playing instruments, and by the age of 21, he was a platinum selling artist.

He began selling homemade mixtapes (notably ''The Red Tape'', 1987) after he received a turntable for his 9th grade graduation. He then began doing shows DJing around Southern California, many of which ended in rival gang related altercations. In the 11th grade, Quik dropped out of high school. For a period of about three years he was homeless after his mom lost her home, due to foreclosure. He would later go on to say that after his success in the rap world many of his family members "popped up".

Music career

Quik Is The Name

Creating a street buzz off his self-made mix tapes,he began to generate interest off many major labels, including Profile Records and Ruthless Records. Later he went on to regret his contract with Profile Records, as Eazy-E offered him a 1 million dollar advance. It left Profile Records with no other choice, they sent cease-and-desist letters to Ruthless Records. He signed to Profile Records in the summer of 1990, reportedly as the label's first six figure signee. Profile Records tactics including having David appear more mysterious,by exaggerating. He brought another act to the label 2nd II None.

His debut album, ''Quik Is the Name'', which was released in 1991, was led by the success of two top 20 R&B; singles, "Tonite" and "Born and Raised in Compton." The album ended up reaching 10th on the album charts, and being certified Platinum by the RIAA. None of his successive albums reached the success of his debut, though they have been well received. He went on to produce 2nd II None. He later released his second album entitled ''Way 2 Fonky'' in 1992. It was certified Gold by October 9. It included the successful singles "Way 2 Fonky" and "Jus Lyke Compton" . The year 1992 Would also see him produce on Paid the Cost the debut album by rap duo Penthouse Players Clique. The year 1993 saw him produce on movie of the same name, I Thought U Knew and Free Us Colored Kids.

The Safe and Sound Era

Before recording Safe + Sound, DJ Quik had previously scrapped a album. Which he had said was so horrible he had to smash the masters.

As DJ Quik began to work on his third album, he started working with Suge Knight again. Their relationship dates back to 1988, before he sought refuge with a major label he was signed to Suge's independent label Funky Enough Records in 1988. Which proved to be short lived. They linked up again in 1993,he was now under the management of Suge, which also proved to be short lived.

His third album ''Safe + Sound'', released in 1995, made number 14 on the Billboard 200. It featured friends 2nd II None, Kam, Playa Hamm and Hi-C. The album features the singles Dollaz & Sense and Safe + Sound. During the process of the album Quik was feuding with rapper MC Eiht from Compton's Most Wanted and long time friend AMG. Today, he is on good terms with MC Eiht and Cheddar from B-Town Blythe. Safe + Sound saw Suge being the executive producer. His relationship with Suge saw him produce many of the tracks on Above The Rim, Murder Was The Case, All Eyez On Me, Until the End of Time, Better Dayz and It's About Time for Death Row Records. He also produced a 2nd II None album for the Death Row Records, that never saw the light of day.

Quik played a big part on the 2Pac album All Eyez On Me, though he is only credited for producing "Heartz of Men" on 2Pac's acclaimed All Eyez on Me (in the credits he used his real name, David Blake, because he was under contract to Profile) he also did additional production and mixed half the album in over two days. He also made another uncredited appearance on a song with 2Pac named "Thug Passion". He also produced on Dogg Food and Tha Doggfather, although he received no credit. DJ Quik later went to say that he had some of the best times of his life when he worked with the label.

Rhythm-al-ism and beyond

The year 1997 saw Quik later went on to produce a track on House of Music, by Tony! Toni! Toné!.The success of the Quik produced single "Let's Get Down" prompted House of music to sell over 1 Million copies. He also worked with Shaquille O'Neal on his You Can't Stop the Reign album. DJ Quik later discovered Suga Free, a pimp turned rapper in 1997. Their relationship saw Quik serving as the producer on his debut album, ''Street Gospel''. It reached number 27 on the Billboard R&B; albums chart. The album fell short of commercial expectations, but was praised by many underground rap fans in California, and is seen as a “street classic” by many of them. The DJ Quik production on this album was considered to be refreshing compared to the stereotypical West Coast G-Funk sound that had dominated most of the early 90’s, as he incorporated elements of jazz, funk, rhythm and blues, and even rock and roll to create instrumentals that caught the ears of many listeners. It was recorded in a record of 28 days.

In 1998 Quik released ''Rhythm-al-ism'' his fourth studio album on Profile Records. This record was certified Gold in 1999, and contained the singles "Hand in Hand (featuring 2nd II None and El Debarge) and You'z A Ganxta. It featured guest appearances by Nate Dogg, Snoop Dogg, AMG and Suga Free. That year he went on to produce for The Luniz, Shaquille O'Neal, Deborah Cox and Jermaine Dupri. He also produced on The Kingdom Come by rapper King Tee which ultimately never came out due to label problems. He also faced personal and professional tragedy when his close friend and protégé Darryl Cortez Reed was murdered in 1998. 1999 saw the release of Classic 220 by 2nd II None, which Quik played a huge part in. Production on Gap Band's Y2K: Funkin' Till 2000 Comz album, Snoop Dogg's No Limit Top Dogg, Suge Knight Represents: Chronic 2000 and Deep Blue Sea (soundtrack). This was compounded by the death of his friend and rapper Mausberg, subsequently murdered in 2000. That year, saw the release of rapper Mausberg's album, and DJ Quik's ''Balance & Options''. Also production with Whitney Houston, Erick Sermon, 8Ball & MJG, Xzibit and AMG.

After the lackluster sales of only 400,000 units of his fifth album, he was dropped by Arista Records which had bought Profile Records. He produced for Kurupt, Big Syke, Janet Jackson, and Won G.. He produced on Made (soundtrack) in 2001. That year also saw Suge Knight try to get Quik as the in-house producer for Death Row Records. In 2002 he released Under tha Influence under Ark 21 Records which also sold only 200,000 units. He also produced Truth Hurts' Top 10 pop hit "Addictive" that year. He used an uncleared Hindi sample on the record, and the copyright holders eventually filed a $500 million dollar lawsuit against Truth Hurts' label, Aftermath Entertainment that was amicably resolved by Jimmy Iovine and Dr. Dre. Quik also produced and appeared on another track on Truth Hurts' debut LP, ''Truthfully Speaking'', entitled ''I'm Not Really Lookin''. He worked with Talib Kweli, Will Smith, and Shade Sheist that year.

Record problems and a plethora of others almost prompted Quik to retire. The Best of DJ Quik: Da Finale was originally going to be his last release. He later stated that ''I just couldn't escape that contract. Basic contracts are supposed to be like 6 or 7 years, or 1 year with like maybe 6 options. The contract I was in was like a 10 or 11 year contract. I wasn't getting paid and I wasn't happy at all. And plus I was going through a bunch of shit."'. He later decided to come back. In 2003 Jay-Z commissioned Quik to produce on The Black Album. Rapper Chingy worked with Quik on his Jackpot which also proved to be a hit. He worked for Roscoe, Butch Cassidy, Nate Dogg, E-40, TQ and Hi-C. 2003 also saw 50 Cent become a bigger star,as the aforementioned Get Rich Or Die Tryin album featured In Da Club which Quik did the drums for.

Ludacris got DJ Quik to produce on The Red Light District in 2004. He was also commissioned for a remix on the 2Pac album Loyal to the Game. He also worked with Knoc-turn'al and Suga Free that year.

Mad Science Recordings: A New Beginning

In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, ''Mad Science Recordings''. The album is titled ''Trauma'' and reflects the turmoil in the producer's 'musical' life over the past few years. It was considered a independent success it has sold 100,000 copies In recent years he has worked with a 74 piece orchestra during a collaboration with Marcus Miller while working on the score to the movie "Head of State".

On June 21, 2006, DJ Quik was convicted of assault of his sister and sentenced to five months in prison. The incident occurred in 2003 when he allegedly "pistol-whipped" her for extorting him, according to police reports. He was released early in October 2006.He went on to say that prison sentence gave him time to reflect on his life and he later began getting rid of extra baggage.

In late 2007, DJ Quik and AMG formed the group: The Fixxers. Along with the formation of the duo, he dropped the "DJ" from his name for the upcoming album and rapped as "Quik". In March 2007 they had signed a single deal with Interscope Records for the release of their album "Midnight Life" and promoted it with "Can You Werk Wit Dat?" However, the album was scrapped due to unauthorized actions by Hudson Melvin Baxter II also known as "Hud", who illegally put it up for sale on the internet in December 2007. The album was then spread across the internet as a bootleg. In February 2008, Quik finished up mixing and producing for Snoop Dogg's new record ''Ego Trippin''. In the process of working with Snoop Dogg, a production group called QDT was formed. It stands for Quik-Dogg-Teddy and consists of DJ Quik, Snoop Dogg and Teddy Riley. A collaboration album with Tha Dogg Pound member, Kurupt, entitled BlaQKout was released June 9, 2009.

Quik released his eighth studio album ''The Book of David'' in early 2011, which included appearances by multiple artists including Suga Free who once again worked with Quik.The album debuted at number fifty five on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart, with first-week sales of 9,700 copies in the United States. It also entered at number 5 on ''Billboard'''s Top Rap Albums, number 12 on Top R&B;/Hip-Hop Albums and number 4 on Independent Albums. In its second week, it dropped to number ninety nine on the Billboard 200 with sales of 4,200.

Discography

;Studio albums

''Quik Is the Name'' (1991)

''Way 2 Fonky'' (1992)

''Safe + Sound'' (1995)

''Rhythm-al-ism'' (1998)

''Balance & Options'' (2000)

''Under tha Influence'' (2002)

''Trauma'' (2005)

''The Book of David'' (2011)

;Live albums

''Greatest Hits: Live at the House of Blues'' (2006)

;Collaboration albums

''BlaQKout'' (2009) – with Kurupt

''Midnight Life'' (Shelved) - with AMG as The Fixxers

;Singles

''Rise to Glory The NFL on CBS

Filmography

''DJ Quik: Visualism'' (2003), himself

''Entourage'' (2005), himself in the episode "The Bat Mitzvah"

''Keeping Up with the Steins'' (2006), himself

''Everybody Hates Chris'' (2007), Hilton "Hilly Hill" Reed in the episode "Everybody Hates DJ's''

''Malice n Wonderland'' (2010), Piano player

References

External links

DJ Quik & Kurupt Interview with soundhustle.com

Category:1970 births Category:Living people Category:African American rappers Category:African American record producers Category:American hip hop record producers Category:American people convicted of assault Category:Bloods Quik Category:People from Compton, California Category:Rappers from Los Angeles, California

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