Name	Joe Zawinul
Landscape	yes
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth name	Josef Erich Zawinul
Birth date	July 07, 1932
Birth place	Vienna, Austria
Death date	September 11, 2007
Death place	Vienna, Austria
Instrument	Keyboards: synthesizer, piano, accordion, EWI
Genre	Jazz, jazz fusion, romantic music, art music, world music
Occupation	Keyboardist, composer
Years active	1949–2007
Associated acts	Zawinul SyndicateWeather ReportMiles DavisCannonball Adderley
Website	www.zawinulmusic.com }}

Josef Erich Zawinul (July 7, 1932 – September 11, 2007) was an Austrian-American jazz keyboardist and composer.

First coming to prominence with saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, Zawinul went on to play with trumpeter Miles Davis, and to become one of the creators of jazz fusion, an innovative musical genre that combined jazz with elements of rock and world music. Later, Zawinul co-founded the groups Weather Report and the world fusion music-oriented Zawinul Syndicate. Additionally, he made pioneering use of electric piano and synthesizers. Zawinul was named "Best Electric Keyboardist" 28 times by the readers of Down Beat magazine.

Several artists have honored Zawinul with songs, notably Brian Eno's instrumental "Zawinul/Lava", John McLaughlin's instrumental "Jozy", Warren Cuccurullo's "Hey Zawinul", Bob Baldwin's "Joe Zawinul", Chucho Valdés's "Zawinul's Mambo", Biréli Lagrène's instrumental "Josef" and Toninho Horta's instrumental "Balada para Zawinul". Zawinul's playing style is often dominated by quirky melodic improvisations — traversing bebop, ethnic and pop styles — combined with sparse but rhythmic playing of big-band sounding chords or bass lines. In Weather Report, he often employed a vocoder as well as pre-recorded sounds played (i.e. filtered and transposed) through a synthesizer, creating a very distinctive synthesis of jazz harmonics and "noise" ("using all the sounds the world generates").

Biography

Early life and career

Zawinul was born and grew up in Landstraße, as a son of the worker Josef Zawinul, in Vienna, Austria, where he went to school with the late former Austrian Federal President Thomas Klestil. His grandmother was a Hungarian Sinti ("Gypsy"), and his grandfather was from southern Moravia.

Classically trained at the Konservatorium Wien, Zawinul played in various broadcasting and studio bands before emigrating to the U.S. in 1959 on a music scholarship at Berklee College of Music in Boston.

He went on to play with trumpeter Maynard Ferguson, where he first met Wayne Shorter after having had an influence in hiring him. Shorter left soon thereafter to play in Art Blakey's group and Josef was apparently dismissed from the Ferguson band for wanting to have too much control over personnel decisions. Zawinul then toured and recorded with singer Dinah Washington for two years.

With Cannonball Adderley

In 1961, Zawinul joined the Quintet led by saxophonist Cannonball Adderley. During his nine-year stint with Adderley, he wrote the hit song "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy." He also composed "Walk Tall" and "Country Preacher", the latter a tribute to U.S. Civil Rights Movement leader Jesse Jackson, from the 1969 album of the same name.

With Miles Davis

In the late 1960s, Zawinul recorded with Miles Davis's studio band and helped create the sound of jazz fusion. He played on the album ''In a Silent Way'', the title track of which he composed, and the landmark album ''Bitches Brew'', for which he contributed the twenty-minute track, "Pharaoh's Dance", which occupied the whole of side one.

Zawinul is known to have played live with Davis only once, on July 10, 1991, in Paris, along with Wayne Shorter, shortly before Davis' death.

Zawinul, along with other Davis sidemen Chick Corea and Herbie Hancock, was one of the first to use electric pianos and early synthesizers like the ARP 2600 in 1973's ''Sweetnighter''. He was among the first to use an electric piano, the Wurlitzer. He used the Fender-Rhodes thereafter, adding a wah-wah pedal and later the Mutron effect unit for a complex phased timbre. His creativity and attention to detail resulted in a very contemporary and modern sound. He also has played the kalimba on Weather Report's albums ''Mysterious Traveller'' and ''Mr. Gone''.

With Weather Report

In 1970, Zawinul co-founded Weather Report with saxophonist and Davis alumnus Wayne Shorter. Their first two years emphasized a relatively open, group improvisation format not dissimilar to what Miles Davis was doing in a more rock oriented format. However, Josef started making changes with their third album, ''Sweetnighter'', citing he was "tired of waiting for something to happen". Funk elements such as electric bass, wah-wah pedal, etc. started to be introduced in the band's sound. Music critics generally agree that their 4th album, ''Mysterious Traveller'', was their true breakthrough album, capturing the classic Weather Report "sound" for the first time. The musical forms were now through-composed similar to classical music, and the combination of jazz harmonies with 70's groove elements launched the band into its most successful period. Their biggest commercial success came from his composition "Birdland", a 6-minute opus featured on Weather Report's 1977 album ''Heavy Weather'', which peaked at number 30 on the ''Billboard'' pop albums chart. "Birdland" is one of the most recognizable jazz pieces of the 1970s, covered by many prominent artists from The Manhattan Transfer and Quincy Jones to Maynard Ferguson, the Buddy Rich Big Band, and Jefferson Starship. Even Weather Report's version received significant mainstream radio airplay — unusual for them — and served to convert many new fans to music which they may never have heard otherwise. The song won him three Grammys.

Weather Report was active until the mid 80s, with Zawinul and Shorter remaining the sole constant members through multiple personnel shifts. The group was notable for bringing to prominence pioneering fretless bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius, but also other musicians, such as Alphonso Johnson and Peter Erskine. Shorter and Zawinul had already gone separate ways, after the recording of their "final" ''Sportin' Life'', when it was discovered that they had to do one more album in order to fulfill the CBS contract. ''This Is This!'' therefore became their final album. Shorter participated despite being busy leading his own group, and Peter Erskine was also brought in again for this record, ending up playing on most compositions.

Later career

Zawinul also wrote a symphony, called ''Stories of the Danube'', which was commissioned by the Brucknerhaus, Linz. It was first performed as part of the ''Linzer Klangwolke'' (a large-scale open-air broadcast event), for the opening of the 1993 Bruckner Festival in Linz. In its seven movements, the symphony traces the course of the Danube from Donaueschingen through various countries ending at the Black Sea. It was recorded in 1995 by the Czech State Philharmonic Orchestra, Brno, conducted by Caspar Richter.

Death

Zawinul was hospitalized in his native Vienna on August 7, 2007, after concluding a five-week European tour. He died from a rare form of skin cancer (Merkel cell carcinoma) on September 11, 2007. He is buried in the Zentralfriedhof Cemetery in Vienna.

Discography

As leader

''To You with Love'' (Strand, 1959)

''Money in the Pocket'' (Atlantic, 1966)

''The Rise and Fall of the Third Stream'' (Vortex, 1968)

''Zawinul'' (Atlantic, 1971)

''Di•a•lects'' (Columbia, 1986)

''The Immigrants'' (Columbia, 1988)

''Black Water'' (Columbia, 1989)

''Lost Tribes'' (Columbia, 1992)

''My People'' (ESC-Records, 1996)

''Stories of the Danube'' (Polygram, 1996)

''World Tour'' (ESC, 1997)

''Mauthausen - Vom großen Sterben hören'' (ESC-Records, 2000) [3]

''Faces & Places'' (ESC-Records, 2002)

''Joe Zawinul & The Zawinul Syndicate – Vienna Nights – Live at Joe Zawinul's Birdland'' (BirdJAM, 2005)

''Brown Street'' (2006)

''75'' (BirdJAM, 2008)

With

Ben Webster

''Soulmates'' (Riverside, 1963)

Friedrich Gulda

''Music for Two Pianos'' (Capriccio, 2006) with the WDR Big Band

As sideman

With Dinah Washington

''What a Diff'rence a Day Makes!'' (Mercury, 1960)

''Dinah Washington & Brook Benton – Two of Us'' (Mercury, 1960)

With Cannonball Adderley

''Nancy Wilson/Cannonball Adderley'' (Capitol, 1961)

''The Cannonball Adderley Sextet in New York'' (Riverside, 1962)

''Cannonball in Europe!'' (Riverside, 1962)

''Jazz Workshop Revisited'' (Riverside, 1963)

''Autumn Leaves'' (Riverside [Japan], 1963)

''Nippon Soul'' (Riverside, 1963)

''Cannonball Adderley Live!'' (Capitol, 1964)

''Live Session!'' (Capitol, 1964)

''Cannonball Adderley's Fiddler on the Roof'' (Capitol, 1964)

''Domination'' (Capitol, 1965)

''Money in the Pocket'' (Capitol, 1966)

''Great Love Themes'' (Capitol, 1966)

''Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live at 'The Club''' (Capitol, 1966)

''Cannonball in Japan'' (Capitol, 1966)

''Radio Nights'' (Night, 1967-8)

''74 Miles Away'' (Capitol, 1967)

''Why Am I Treated So Bad!'' (Capitol, 1967)

''Accent on Africa'' (Capitol, 1968)

''Country Preacher'' (Capitol, 1969)

''In Person'' (Capitol, 1970)

''The Cannonball Adderley Quintet & Orchestra'' (Capitol, 1970)

''The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free'' (Capitol, 1970)

With Nat Adderley

''Naturally!'' (Jazzland, 1961)

''Autobiography'' (Atlantic, 1964)

''Live at Memory Lane'' (Atlantic, 1966)

''The Scavenger'' (Milestone, 1968)

''You, Baby'' (CTI, 1968)

''Calling Out Loud'' (CTI, 1968)

With Miles Davis

''In a Silent Way'' (Columbia, 1969)

''Big Fun'' (Columbia, 1969)

''Bitches Brew'' (Columbia, 1970)

''Live-Evil'' (Columbia, 1971)

''Circle in the Round'' (Columbia, 1979)

With Eddie Harris

''Silver Cycles'' (Atlantic, 1968)

With Weather Report

''Weather Report'' (Columbia, 1971)

''I Sing the Body Electric'' (Columbia, 1972)

''Live in Tokyo'' (Columbia, 1972)

''Sweetnighter'' (Columbia, 1973)

''Mysterious Traveller'' (1974)

''Tale Spinnin''' (1975)

''Black Market'' (1976)

''Heavy Weather'' (1977)

''Mr. Gone'' (1978)

''8:30'' (1979)

''Night Passage'' (1980)

''Weather Report'' (1982)

''Procession'' (1983)

''Domino Theory'' (1984)

''Sportin' Life'' (1985)

''This Is This!'' (1986)

''Live and Unreleased'' (2002)

''Forecast: Tomorrow'' (2006)

As contributor

''Amen'' by Salif Keita (Mango, 1991)

''Crazy Saints'' by Trilok Gurtu (1993)

References

Biographies

External links

Official website

Category:Austrian jazz keyboardists Category:Austrian jazz musicians Category:American jazz keyboardists Category:American jazz musicians Category:Hard bop pianists Category:Jazz-funk keyboardists Category:Jazz fusion keyboardists Category:Soul-jazz keyboardists Category:Weather Report members Category:Berklee College of Music alumni Category:American people of Austrian descent Category:Austrian people of Czech descent Category:Austrian people of Hungarian descent Category:People from Landstraße Category:Deaths from skin cancer Category:Cancer deaths in Austria Category:Burials at the Zentralfriedhof Category:Miles Davis Category:1932 births Category:2007 deaths

bar:Joe Zawinul cs:Joe Zawinul da:Joe Zawinul de:Joe Zawinul es:Joe Zawinul eo:Joe Zawinul fr:Joe Zawinul id:Joe Zawinul it:Joe Zawinul he:ג'ו זאווינול hu:Joe Zawinul nl:Joe Zawinul ja:ジョー・ザヴィヌル no:Joe Zawinul nn:Joe Zawinul pl:Joe Zawinul pt:Joe Zawinul ru:Завинул, Джо sc:Joe Zawinul fi:Joe Zawinul sv:Joe Zawinul uk:Джо Завінул

name	Trilok Gurtu
landscape	Yes
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
born	October 30, 1951Mumbai, India
instrument	Drums, tabla,
genre	Jazz, jazz fusion, world music
occupation	Musician
years active	1970s -
associated acts	John McLaughlin, Embryo, Oregon, Tabla Beat Science, Arkè String Quartet, Joe Zawinul,
website	Trilok Gurtu.net
notable instruments	}}

Trilok Gurtu () (born in Mumbai, India on 30 October 1951) is a Kashmiri Indian percussionist and composer, whose work has blended the music of his homeland with jazz fusion, world music and other genres.

He has released his own albums and has collaborated with many artists, including Terje Rypdal, Gary Moore, John McLaughlin, Jan Garbarek, Joe Zawinul, Bill Laswell, Maria João & Mário Laginha, and Robert Miles.

Early life

Born in a Hindu household to famous parents,Gurtu attended Don Bosco High School in Mumbai. His mother, singer Shobha Gurtu, encouraged him to learn playing tabla, and he studied playing the instrument under Shah Abdul Karim.

Career

Gurtu began playing western drum kit in the 1970s, and developed interest in jazz. In a 1995 television special on Jimi Hendrix, Gurtu mentioned having initially learned western music without awareness of overdubbing, which, he said, forced him to learn multiple parts which most musicians would have never attempted. In the 1970s, he played with Charlie Mariano, John Tchicai, Terje Rypdal, and Don Cherry.

One of Gurtu's earliest recordings was around 1977 in the record ''Apo-Calypso'' in an album of the German ethnic fusion band, Embryo. His mother also sang in that record, and later joined him in his first solo CD, ''Usfret''.

In the 1980s, Gurtu played with Swiss drummer Charly Antolini and with John McLaughlin in McLaughlin's trio, accompanied variously by bassists Jonas Hellborg, Kai Eckhardt, and Dominique DiPiazza. The line-up with Hellborg performed at least one concert opening for Miles Davis in Berkeley, California in 1988.

Collaboration between Gurtu and McLaughlin included vocal improvisations using the Indian ''tala talk'' method of oral drumming notations for teaching drum patterns. Sometimes, Eckhardt would join in with hip-hop beat-box vocals for a three-way vocal percussion jam, while Gurtu and McLaughlin would throw in a few amusing words such as some Japanese brand names mixed with some Indian words.

Some of the unusual aspects of Gurtu's drum playing include playing, without a drum stool, in a half-kneeling position on the floor, and use of an unconventional kick drum that resembles a large drum head with a kick-pedal, and a mix of tablas and western drums. Gurtu's unique percussion signature involves dipping cymbals and strings of shells into a bucket of water to create a shimmering effect.

Gurtu joined Oregon after the death of drummer Collin Walcott. He played in three records produced by this band: ''Ecotopia'' (1987), ''45th Parallel'' (1989), and ''Always, Never and Forever'' (1991).

In the early 1990s Gurtu resumed his career as a solo artist and a bandleader. Various noted musicians have backed him in a number of his CD releases.

In 1999, Zakir Hussain and Bill Laswell founded a musical group, Tabla Beat Science, which played a mixture of Hindustani music, Asian underground, ambient, Drum and Bass, and Electronica. Gurtu joined this group along with Karsh Kale and Talvin Singh. The group released three albums before going dormant in late 2003.

In 2004, Gurtu created an album, ''Miles Gurtu'', with Robert Miles. His collaboration with the Arkè String Quartet began in 2007 with the release of the album ''Arkeology''.

In 2010 Trilok Gurtu played into the album Piano Car, opera of minimalist composer Stefano Ianne with Ricky Portera, Nick Beggs (Kajagoogoo), Mario Marzi, Terl Bryant (John Paul Jones/Led Zeppelin), John De Leo.

Awards

Gurtu has garnered a number of prestigious awards and nominations, including Best Overall Percussionist winner, ''Drum Magazine'', 1999; Best Overall Percussionist winner, Carlton Television Multicultural Music Awards, 2001; Best Percussionist winner, ''Down Beat's'' Critics Poll for 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999 , 2000, 2001, and 2002 ; and Best Asia/Pacific Artist nominee, BBC Radio 3 World for 2002, 2003, and 2004.

Discography

Solo and collaborative albums

1974: ''La Terra'' (''The Earth'') LP with Aktuala (Bla Bla, 1974)

1976: ''Tapetto Volante'' (''Flying Carpet'') with Aktuala LP (Bla Bla, 1976)

1977: ''Apo Calypso'' - with Embryo

1979: ''Friends'' - with Toto Blanke Electric Circus

1980: ''Family'' - with Toto Blanke Electric Circus

1982: ''Personal Note'', Mark Nauseef with Joachim Kühn, Jan Akkerman, Detlev Beier

1983: ''Finale'' - with Charly Antolini

1985: ''Song for Everyone'' - with L. Shankar

1987: ''Usfret''

1987: ''Ecotopia'' - with Oregon

1989: ''45th Parallel'' - with Oregon

1990: ''Live At The Royal Festival Hall'' - with the John McLaughlin Trio

1990: ''Living Magic''

1991: ''Always, Never and Forever'' - with Oregon

1992: ''Que Alegria'' - with the John McLaughlin Trio

1993: ''Crazy Saints''

1995: ''Believe''

1995: ''Bad Habits Die Hard''

1997: ''The Glimpse''

1998: ''Kathak''

2000: ''African Fantasy''

2001: ''The Beat of Love''

2002: ''Remembrance''

2004: ''Miles Gurtu'' - with Robert Miles

2004: ''Broken Rhythms''

2006: ''Farakala''

2007: ''Arkeology''

2009: ''Massical''

2010: ''Piano Car'' - with Stefano Ianne

2011: ''21 Spices'' - with Simon Phillips

References

External links

Trilok Gurtu.net - Official website

Web-article at Scaruffi.com

Article in India Today

Trilok Gurtu at MintakaMusic

[ Trilok Gurtu] at Allmusic - Overview, biography, discography

Category:Jazz fusion musicians Category:Jazz composers Category:Jazz percussionists Category:Jazz drummers Category:Indian jazz musicians Category:Tabla players Category:Indian buskers Category:Performers of Hindu music Category:Hindustani instrumentalists Category:1951 births Category:Living people Category:Kashmiri people Category:Indian percussionists

da:Trilok Gurtu de:Trilok Gurtu es:Trilok Gurtu fr:Trilok Gurtu it:Trilok Gurtu nl:Trilok Gurtu pl:Trilok Gurtu pt:Trilok Gurtu sv:Trilok Gurtu

Kristjan Järvi (born 13 June 1972, Tallinn) is an Estonian-American conductor. He is the younger son of Neeme Järvi. His siblings, Paavo and Maarika, are also accomplished musicians.

When Järvi was age 7, his family immigrated to the United States and settled in Rumson, New Jersey. He grew up in New York City. Järvi studied piano with Nina Svetlanova at the Manhattan School of Music. He later went on to study conducting at the University of Michigan under Kenneth Kiesler.

From 1998 to 2000, Järvi was Assistant Conductor to Esa-Pekka Salonen at the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He and the composer Charles Coleman co-founded the Absolute Ensemble, based in New York City, in 1993, with Järvi as its music director. In 2007, Järvi and the Absolute Ensemble were awarded the Deutsche Bank Prize for Outstanding Artistic Achievement.

Järvi became Chief Conductor and Music Director of the Norrlands Opera Symphony Orchestra of Umeå in Sweden from 2000-2004. From 2004 to 2009, Järvi was Chief Conductor and Music Director of the Tonkünstler Orchestra, Vienna. Järvi is also the current Artistic Advisor to the Basel Chamber Orchestra and the conductor and founder of the Baltic Youth Philharmonic.

In addition to a Grammy nomination, Järvi has previously been awarded the German Record Critics Prize and a Swedish Grammy for his opera album "Isle of Bliss". He has recorded Leonard Bernstein's ''Mass'' with the Tonkünstler Orchestra and Absolute Ensemble. While Järvi's repertoire includes pieces from the Classic and Romantic periods, he is also a specialist for 20th century composers and contemporary music, having commissioned works by Arvo Pärt, Heinz Karl Gruber, Erkki-Sven Tüür, Ezequiel Viñao, Peeter Vähi and Joe Zawinul, among others. Järvi's philanthropic activities include founding the Estonian Orphanage Music Outreach foundation and the Absolute Academy in Bremen.

Järvi has a son, Lukas, from his first marriage to the violinist Leila Josefowicz. He and his second wife, the flautist Hayley Melitta, have a son, Finn Byron, born February 20, 2007. Their daughter Avalon, was born January 31, 2009. The family makes their home in Vienna and Florida.

References

External links

IMG Artists Full Biography

Kristjan Järvi official site

Tonkünstler-Orchestra official site

Absolute Ensemble official site

Category:1972 births Category:Estonian conductors (music) Category:Estonian emigrants to the United States Category:American people of Estonian descent Category:Living people Category:Manhattan School of Music alumni Category:People from Rumson, New Jersey

de:Kristjan Järvi et:Kristjan Järvi he:כריסטיאן ירווי ja:クリスチャン・ヤルヴィ ru:Ярви, Кристьян fi:Kristjan Järvi