Future Systems
Exterior detail of the Selfridges Building, Birmingham
Practice information
Key architects	Jan Kaplický Amanda Levete
Principal office	London, England  United Kingdom
Founded	1982
Work
Buildings	Lord's Media Centre; Selfridges; Bull Ring; Malator
Projects	Maserati Museum
Awards	Stirling Prize (1999)

Future Systems was a London-based architectural and design practice, formerly headed by Directors Jan Kaplický and Amanda Levete.

Future Systems was founded by Kaplický after working with Denys Lasdun, Norman Foster, Renzo Piano, and Richard Rogers. The work of Future Systems can be classified within the British high-tech architects as either bionic architecture or amorphous, organic shapes sometimes referred to as "blobitecture". "Compared to his peers, Kaplicky was the avant-garde incarnate, relentlessly pursuing the new new thing, refusing to settle into some predictable, and comfortable, architectural niche."^[1]

Practice[link]

Future Systems proposals adapted construction methods from other professions, including (most commonly) the curved monocoque shell structures found in aircraft design, car design and boat building.

In the 1990s the company moved from theoretical projects to fee-paying work with projects such as the "spacecraft-like"^[2] Media Centre at Lord's Cricket Ground in London (completed 1999), and the Selfridges Building(completed 2003). For Lord's, Kaplicky received the Stirling Prize. The Selfridges department store is a prime example of the early 21st century movement referred to as "blobitecture", and has been compared to Peter Cook's Kunsthaus in Graz, Austria.

After Future Systems won the Stirling Prize, the firm received larger commissions including the Maserati Museum in Modena, Italy (2009)^[3] and the unbuilt new Czech National Library. In 2008 Kaplický and Levete split the firm. Kaplický took the firm name and some staff to the Czech republic, and Levete would take a proposed new headquarters for News Corporation in east London and a commission for a hotel and retail complex in Bangkok, Thailand, along with most of the staff — between 35 and 45 people.^[4]

[edit] History^[5]

1979 Founded by Jan Kaplicky while working at Foster Associates.

1989 Joined by Amanda Levete who arrives from Richard Rogers & Partners to become a partner.

1994 Completed the well received Hauer-King house in Islington.

1999 Won the Stirling Prize for Lord’s Cricket Ground media centre.

2003 Completed the Selfridges building at the regenerated Bull Ring shopping centre in Birmingham.

2007 Won the commission for the controversial Czech National Library.

2008 Split into two practices after Kaplicky and Levete officially separate as business partners.

2008 Submits design of London Routmaster bus.^[6]

2008 Czech National Library project cancelled by Prague authorities.^[7]

2009 Jan Kaplický dies on January 14, 2009 in Prague, Czech Republic.^[2] A month later the final few staff working for Kaplický/Future Systems in Levete's offices were let go.^[7]

References[link]

Sources[link]

• Pawley, Martin (1993). Future Systems : The Story of Tomorrow. London: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-2767-3. 
• Sudjic, Deyan (2006). Future Systems. London: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-4469-1. 

Further reading[link]

Articles[link]

• "Amanda Levete / Future Systems". designboom. 26 September 2003. http://www.designboom.com/eng/interview/futuresystems.html. Retrieved 1 April 2007. 
• "Interview with Jan Kaplicky-Future Systems" by Alessandra Orlandoni- The Plan 008 January 2005
• Article on the architecture of the new Bull Ring shopping centre

Books[link]

• Field, Marcus (1999). Future Systems. London: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-3831-4. 
• Future Systems (2001). Unique Building (Lord's Media Centre). Chichester: Wiley Academy. ISBN 0-471-98512-0. 
• Kaplický, Jan (2002). Confessions. Chichester: Wiley-Academy. ISBN 0-471-49541-7. 
• Kaplický, Jan (1996). For Inspiration Only. Chichester: Academy Editions. ISBN 1-85490-478-7. 
• Kaplický, Jan (1999). More for Inspiration Only. Chichester: Academy Editions. ISBN 0-471-98770-0. 
• Pawley, Martin (1997). Hauer-King House : Future Systems. London: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-3630-3. 
• Tichá, Jana; Jan Kaplický (eds.) (2002). Future Systems. Prague: Zlatý řez. 

External links[link]

• Official website of Future Systems
• Future Systems at the archINFORM database
• STORIES OF HOUSES: House in Pembrokeshire (Wales), by Future Systems

• 

  The Media Centre, Lord's Cricket Ground, London

• 

  Selfridges Building, the Bull Ring, Birmingham, Birmingham

• 

  The Selfridges Building from a distance

• 

  Interior of the Selfridges Building

• 

  Front view

Amanda Levete
Born	1955 Bridgend
Nationality	British
Awards	RIBA Stirling Prize
Work
Practice	Amanda Levete Architects
Buildings	Selfridges Building Lord's Media Centre

Amanda Levete (born 17 November 1955, Bridgend) is a Welsh architect, principal of Amanda Levete Architects (known as AL_A). Formerly married to Jan Kaplický with whom she had a son, for 20 they were co-partners at Future Systems.

Career[link]

Levete trained at the Architectural Association and worked for Richard Rogers before joining Future Systems as a partner in 1989.

Levette was credited with the ability to make Future Systems' organic, conceptual designs marketable.^[1] One of the most innovative practices of its time, Future Systems completed buildings including Selfridges department store in Birmingham and the, Lord's Media Centre which won the coveted Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize.

Levete formed AL_A in 2009, following the death of Kaplicky. In 2011 AL_A won a competition to design a new entrance and extension for London's Victoria & Albert Museum.^[2]

She is visiting professor at the Royal College of Art and a trustee of Artangel. She has been on the Board of Trustees of The Architecture Foundation. Levete is a regular TV and radio broadcaster and she writes a column for Building magazine.

Personal life[link]

Levete was expelled from school at the age of 16 for sunbathing naked. However, she successfully obtained an A-level in Art and Art History.^[2]

She met Czech architect Jan Kaplicky in the 1980s, they married in 1991 and divorced in 2006.^[1] Together they had one son. Levete is currently married to Ben Evans, director of the London Design Festival.^[2]

References[link]

External links[link]

• amandalevetearchitects.com
• future-systems.com

Rachel Maddow
Maddow hosting KPTK's "Changing the Media, Changing America" event in Seattle
Born	Rachel Anne Maddow (1973-04-01) April 1, 1973 (age 39) Castro Valley, California, U.S.
Education	B.A., Stanford University D.Phil, University of Oxford
Occupation	News anchor Political commentator Television host
Notable credit(s)	The Rachel Maddow Show (MSNBC) The Rachel Maddow Show (Air America Radio)
Website
www.rachelmaddow.com

Rachel Anne Maddow (pronounced /ˈmædoʊ/; born April 1, 1973) is an American television host, political commentator, and author.^[1][2] Maddow hosts a nightly television show, The Rachel Maddow Show, on MSNBC.^[3] Her syndicated talk radio program of the same name aired on Air America Radio. Maddow is the first openly gay anchor of a prime-time news program in the United States.^[4][5][6][7]

Asked about her political views by the Valley Advocate, Maddow replied, "I'm undoubtedly a liberal, which means that I'm in almost total agreement with the Eisenhower-era Republican party platform."^[8]

Early life and education[link]

Maddow was born in Castro Valley, California. Her father, Robert B. "Bob" Maddow, is a former United States Air Force captain who resigned his commission the year before her birth and found civilian work as a lawyer for the East Bay Municipal Utility District. Her mother, Elaine Maddow (née Gosse), is a school program administrator from Newfoundland, Canada.^[9][10][11] She has one older brother, David. Her father is of Russian and Dutch descent and her mother is of English and Irish ancestry.^[11] Maddow's mother was raised a strict Roman Catholic, and Maddow herself grew up in a community that her mother has described as "very conservative."^[12][13] Maddow was a competitive athlete and played three sports in high school.^[14] Referencing John Hughes films, she describes herself in high school as "a cross between the jock and the antisocial girl."^[13]

A graduate of Castro Valley High School in Castro Valley, California, she attended Stanford University. While a freshman, she was outed by the college newspaper when an interview with her was published by the student newspaper before she could tell her parents.^[15] Maddow earned a degree in public policy from Stanford in 1994.^[16] At graduation she was awarded the John Gardner Fellowship.^[17] She was also the recipient of a Rhodes Scholarship and began her postgraduate study in 1995 at Lincoln College, Oxford. In 2001, she earned a Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) in politics from Oxford University.^[18] Her thesis is titled HIV/AIDS and Health Care Reform in British and American Prisons (supervisor: Dr Lucia Zedner). She was the first openly gay American to win a Rhodes scholarship.^[19][20]

Radio career[link]

Maddow's first radio hosting job was at WRNX (100.9 FM) in Holyoke, Massachusetts, after she entered and won a contest the station held to find a new on-air personality.^[21] She was hired to co-host WRNX's morning show, The Dave in the Morning Show. She went on to host Big Breakfast on WRSI, in Northampton, Massachusetts, for two years. She left the show in March 2004 to join the new Air America.^[18] There she hosted Unfiltered along with Chuck D (of the hip hop group Public Enemy) and Lizz Winstead (co-creator of The Daily Show), until its cancellation in March 2005.^[22] Two weeks after the cancellation of Unfiltered in April 2005, Maddow's weekday two-hour radio program, The Rachel Maddow Show, began airing; in March 2008 it gained an hour, broadcasting from 6 to 9 p.m. EST with David Bender filling in the third hour for the call-in section, when Maddow was on TV assignment. In September 2008, the show's length returned to two hours when Maddow began a nightly MSNBC television program. In February 2009, after renewing her contract with Air America, Maddow returned to the 5 am hour-long slot.^[23] Her last Air America show was on January 21, 2010, two weeks before its owners filed for bankruptcy.^[24]

Television career[link]

In June 2005, Maddow became a regular panelist on MSNBC's Tucker.^[25] During and after the November 2006 election, she was a frequent guest on CNN's Paula Zahn Now. In January 2008, Maddow became a MSNBC political analyst and was a regular panelist on MSNBC's Race for the White House with David Gregory and MSNBC's election coverage,^[26] as well as a frequent contributor on Countdown with Keith Olbermann.^[18]

In April 2008, Maddow was the substitute host for Countdown with Keith Olbermann, her first time hosting a program on MSNBC. Maddow described herself on air as "nervous." Keith Olbermann complimented her work, and she was brought back to host Countdown the next month. The show she hosted was the highest rated news program among people ages 25 to 54, a key demographic in ratings.^[27] For her success, the next Monday, Olbermann ranked Maddow third in his show's segment "World's Best Persons".^[28] In July 2008, while Olbermann was on vacation, Maddow filled in again for several broadcasts and, on July 21, for half the show.^[29] Maddow also filled in for David Gregory as host of Race for the White House.^[18]

[edit] The Rachel Maddow Show

In August 2008, MSNBC announced The Rachel Maddow Show would replace Verdict with Dan Abrams in the network's 9 p.m. slot the following month.^[30][31] Following its debut, the show topped Countdown as the highest rated show on MSNBC on several occasions.^[32][33] After being on air for more than a month, Maddow's program doubled the audience that hour.^[34]

Early reviews for her show were mostly positive. The Los Angeles Times writer Matea Gold stated Maddow "finds the right formula on MSNBC,"^[35] and The Guardian writes Maddow has become the "star of America's cable news."^[20] Associated Press columnist David Bauder said she's "[Keith] Olbermann's political soul mate" and the Olbermann-Maddow shows are a "liberal two-hour block."^[36]

Public image and publicity[link]

Maddow has been profiled in People,^[37] the Guardian,^[38] and the New York Observer,^[39] has appeared on “The View” and “Charlie Rose”^[40]

Keith Olbermann played a pivotal role in Maddow's hiring at MSNBC. Olbermann was able to pressure Phil Griffin to give Maddow Dan Abram's slot. A fan of Maddow's, Olbermann was able to use his influence, which had become greater as his ratings rose.^[41]

A 2011 Hollywood Reporter profile of Maddow said that she was able to deliver news "with agenda, but not hysteria.”^[42] A Newsweek profile noted that “At her best, Maddow debates ideological opponents with civility and persistence...But for all her eloquence, she can get so wound up ripping Republicans that she sounds like another smug cable partisan.". Baltimore Sun critic David Zurawik has accused Maddow of acting like 'a lockstep party member.'”^[43]

A Time profile called her a “whip-smart, button-cute leftie.” It said that she radiates an essential decency and suggested that her career rise might signify that “nice is the new nasty.”^[44]

Political views[link]

Distinguishing herself from others on the left, Maddow said she's a "national security liberal" and in a different interview that she's not "a partisan."^[45][46] The New York Times called her a "defense policy wonk" who is writing a book on the role of the military in postwar American politics.^[35][45] (The book, titled Drift: The Unmooring of American Military Power, was published in 2012.) During the 2008 presidential election, Maddow did not formally support any candidate. Concerning Barack Obama's candidacy, Maddow said during the primaries, "I have never and still don't think of myself as an Obama supporter, either professionally or actually."^[47]

In March 2010, Republican Scott Brown, the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts, speculated that Maddow was going to run against him for his seat in 2012. He used this premise for a fundraising email that read "...The Massachusetts political machine is looking for someone to run against me. And you're not going to believe who they are supposedly trying to recruit — liberal MSNBC anchor Rachel Maddow." Maddow said Brown's speculation was false. On her March 23, 2010, TV program, Maddow said, "I have the best job in the world. I am not running for office. Scott Brown didn't ask me if I was running or planning to run for office, before he wrote a fundraising letter with my name. No, it's completely made up by him." Despite her comments, the next day Brown continued along the same line, telling a Boston radio station, "Bring her on." To help put an end to the matter, Maddow ran a full-page advertisement in the Boston Globe confirming she was not running, and separately demanded Brown's apology. She added that despite repeated invitations over the months, Brown had refused to appear on her TV program.^{[48][49][50][51]}

Personal life[link]

Maddow lives in Manhattan and western Massachusetts with her partner, artist Susan Mikula.^[52][53] The couple met in 1999, when Mikula hired Maddow to do yard work at her home. Maddow was working on her doctoral dissertation at the time.^[52] Their first date was at a National Rifle Association "Ladies' Day on the Range" event.^[54] Although Massachusetts and New York recognize same-sex marriage, as of 2009 Maddow and Mikula had no plans to marry.^[13]

Honors and awards[link]

• Emmy Award in the Outstanding News Discussion and Analysis category for "The Rachel Maddow Show" episode "Good Morning Landlocked Central Asia!"
• Maddow was named in Out magazine's "Out 100" list of the "gay men and women who moved culture" in 2008.^[55]
• Maddow was voted "Lesbian/Bi Woman of the Year (American)" in AfterEllen's 2008 Visibility Awards.^[56]
• Maddow won a Gracie Award in 2009, presented by the American Women in Radio and Television.^[57]
• In 2009, Maddow was nominated for GLAAD's 20th Annual Media Awards for a segment of her MSNBC show, "Rick Warren, Change To Believe In?", in the Outstanding TV Journalism Segment category.^[58]
• On March 28, 2009, Maddow received a Proclamation of Honor from the California State Senate, presented in San Francisco by California State Senator Mark Leno.^[59]
• In April 2009, she was listed at number four in Out magazine's Annual Power 50 List.^[60]
• Maddow placed sixth in the "2009 AfterEllen.com Hot 100" list (May 11, 2009)^[61] and third in its "2009 Hot 100: Out Women" version.^[62]
• Maddow was included on a list of openly gay media professionals in The Advocate's "Forty under 40" issue of June/July 2009.^[63]
• In 1994, Maddow was an Honorable Mention in the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity Prize in Ethics.^[64]
• In June 2009, Maddow's MSNBC show was the only cable news show nominated for a Television Critics Association award in the Outstanding Achievement in News and Information category.^[65]
• In March 2010, Maddow won at the 21st Annual GLAAD Media Awards in the category, Outstanding TV Journalism- Newsmagazine for her segment, "Uganda Be Kidding Me".^[66]
• Maddow was the 2010 commencement speaker and was given an honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree at Smith College in Northampton, MA in May 2010.^[67]
• In July 2010, Maddow was presented with a Maggie Award for her ongoing reporting of healthcare reform, the murder of Dr. George Tiller, and the anti-abortion movement.^[68]
• In August 2010, Maddow won the Walter Cronkite Faith & Freedom Award, which was presented by The Interfaith Alliance.^[69] Past honorees included Larry King, Tom Brokaw, and the late Peter Jennings.^[69]
• In November 2011, she was included on the list of "Over-Rated Thinkers" by the editors of The New Republic.^[70]
• In February 2012, Maddow was presented the John Steinbeck Award by the Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies at San Jose State University.^[71]

Bibliography[link]

• Maddow, Rachel (2012). Drift: The Unmooring of American Military Power. Crown. ISBN 978-0-307-46098-1. 

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rachel Maddow

• Rachel Maddow on Twitter
• Official website
• Profile and show at MSNBC
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Rachel Maddow on Charlie Rose
• Rachel Maddow at the Internet Movie Database
• Works by or about Rachel Maddow in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Naomi Klein
Naomi Klein, October 2011
Born	(1970-05-08) May 8, 1970 (age 42) Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Occupation	Author, activist
Subjects	Alter-globalization, anti-war
Spouse(s)	Avi Lewis
naomiklein.org

Naomi Klein (born May 8, 1970) is a Canadian author and social activist known for her political analyses and criticism of corporate globalization.^[1]

Family[link]

Klein was born in Montreal, Quebec, and brought up in a Jewish family with a history of peace activism. Her parents had moved to Montreal from the U.S. in 1967 as war resisters to the Vietnam War.^[2] Her mother, documentary film-maker Bonnie Sherr Klein, is best known for her anti-pornography film Not a Love Story.^[3] Her father, Michael Klein, is a physician and a member of Physicians for Social Responsibility. Her brother, Seth Klein, is director of the British Columbia office of the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.

Her paternal grandparents were communists who began to turn against the Soviet Union after the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and had abandoned communism by 1956. In 1942 her grandfather Phil Klein, an animator at Disney, was fired after the Disney animators' strike,^[4] and went to work at a shipyard instead. Klein's father grew up surrounded by ideas of social justice and racial equality, but found it "difficult and frightening to be the child of Communists", a so-called red diaper baby.^[5]

Klein's husband, Avi Lewis, works as a TV journalist and documentary filmmaker. His parents are the writer and activist Michele Landsberg and politician and diplomat Stephen Lewis, son of David Lewis, one of the founders of the Canadian New Democratic Party, son in turn of Moishe Lewis, born Losz, a Jewish labour activist of "the Bund" who left Central Europe for Canada in 1921.^[6] Klein announced on March 5, 2012 that the couple is expecting their first child in June.^[7]

Early life[link]

Klein spent much of her teenage years in shopping malls, obsessed with designer labels.^[8] As a child and teenager, she found it "very oppressive to have a very public feminist mother" and she rejected politics, instead embracing "full-on consumerism."

She has attributed her change in worldview to two events. One was when she was 17 and preparing for the University of Toronto, her mother had a stroke and became severely disabled.^[9] Naomi, her father and brother took care of Bonnie through the period in hospital and at home, making educational sacrifices to do so.^[9] That year off prevented her "from being such a brat."^[8] The next year, after beginning her studies at the University of Toronto, the second event occurred: the 1989 École Polytechnique massacre of female engineering students, which proved to be a wake-up call to feminism.^[10]

Klein's writing career started with contributions to The Varsity, a student newspaper, where she served as editor-in-chief. After her third year at the University of Toronto, she dropped out of university to take a job at the Toronto Globe and Mail, followed by an editorship at This Magazine. In 1995, she returned to the University of Toronto with the intention of finishing her degree^[5] but left the university for a journalism internship before acquiring the final credits required to complete her degree.^[11]

Major works[link]

[edit] No Logo

In 2000, Klein published the book No Logo, which for many became a manifesto of the anti-corporate globalization movement. In it, she attacks brand-oriented consumer culture and the operations of large corporations. She also accuses several such corporations of unethically exploiting workers in the world's poorest countries in pursuit of greater profits. In this book, Klein criticized Nike so severely that Nike published a point-by-point response.^[12] No Logo became an international bestseller, selling over one million copies in over 28 languages.^[13]

[edit] Fences and Windows

In 2002 Klein published Fences and Windows, a collection of her articles and speeches written on behalf of the anti-globalization movement (all proceeds from the book go to benefit activist organizations through The Fences and Windows Fund).

[edit] The Take

In 2004, Klein and her husband, Avi Lewis, released a documentary film called The Take about factory workers in Argentina who took over a closed plant and resumed production, operating as a collective. The first African screening was in the Kennedy Road shack settlement in the South African city of Durban, where the Abahlali baseMjondolo movement began.^[14]

At least one article in Z Communications criticized The Take for its portrayal of the Argentine General and politician Juan Domingo Perón, which they felt portrayed him as a social democrat.^[15]

[edit] The Shock Doctrine

Klein's third book, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism, was published on September 4, 2007, becoming an international and New York Times bestseller^[13] translated into 28 languages.^[16] The book argues that the free market policies of Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman and the Chicago School of Economics have risen to prominence in countries such as Chile under Pinochet, Russia under Yeltsin, and the United States (for example, the privatization of the New Orleans Public Schools after Hurricane Katrina). The book also argues that policy initiatives (for instance, the privatization of Iraq's economy under the Coalition Provisional Authority) were rushed through while the citizens of these countries were in shock from disasters, upheavals, or invasion.

Central to the book's thesis is the contention that those who wish to implement unpopular free market policies now routinely do so by taking advantage of certain features of the aftermath of major disasters, be they economic, political, military or natural in nature. The suggestion is that when a society experiences a major 'shock' there is a widespread desire for a rapid and decisive response to correct the situation; this desire for bold and immediate action provides an opportunity for unscrupulous actors to implement policies which go far beyond a legitimate response to disaster. The book suggests that when the rush to act means the specifics of a response will go unscrutinized, that is the moment when unpopular and unrelated policies will intentionally be rushed into effect. The book appears to claim that these shocks are in some cases, such as the Falklands War, intentionally encouraged or even manufactured.

Klein identifies the "shock doctrine", elaborating on Joseph Schumpeter, as the latest in capitalism's phases of "creative destruction".^[17]

The Shock Doctrine was adapted into a short film of the same name, released onto YouTube. The film was directed by Jonás Cuarón, produced and co-written by his father Alfonso Cuarón. The video has been viewed over one million times.^[13]

The publication of The Shock Doctrine increased Klein's prominence, with the New Yorker judging her "the most visible and influential figure on the American left—what Howard Zinn and Noam Chomsky were thirty years ago." On February 24, 2009, the book was awarded the inaugural Warwick Prize for Writing from the University of Warwick in England. The prize carried a cash award of £50,000.

Iraq War criticism[link]

Klein has written on various current issues, such as the Iraq War. In a September 2004 article for Harper's Magazine,^[18] she argues that, contrary to popular belief, the Bush administration did have a clear plan for post-invasion Iraq, which was to build a completely unconstrained free market economy. She describes plans to allow foreigners to extract wealth from Iraq, and the methods used to achieve those goals.^[19][20] The 2008 film War, Inc. was partially inspired by her article, Baghdad Year Zero.^[21]

Klein's August 2004 "Bring Najaf to New York", published in The Nation, argued that Muqtada Al Sadr's Mahdi Army "represents the overwhelmingly mainstream sentiment in Iraq."^[22] She went on to say "Yes, if elected Sadr would try to turn Iraq into a theocracy like Iran, but for now his demands are for direct elections and an end to foreign occupation".^[22] Marc Cooper, a former Nation columnist, attacked the assertion that Al Sadr represented mainstream Iraqi sentiment and that American forces had brought the fight to the holy city of Najaf.^[23] Cooper wrote that "Klein should know better. All enemies of the U.S. occupation she opposes are not her friends. Or ours. Or those of the Iraqi people. I don’t think that Mullah Al Sadr, in any case, is much desirous of support issuing from secular Jewish feminist-socialists."^[23]

Criticism of Israeli policies[link]

In March 2008, Klein was the keynote speaker at the first national conference of the Alliance of Concerned Jewish Canadians. In January 2009, during the Gaza War, Klein supported the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) campaign against Israel, arguing that "the best strategy to end the increasingly bloody occupation is for Israel to become the target of the kind of global movement that put an end to apartheid in South Africa."^[24]

In summer 2009, on the occasion of the publication of the Hebrew translation of her book The Shock Doctrine, Klein visited Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza, combining the promotion of her book and the BDS campaign. In an interview to the Israeli newspaper Ha'aretz she emphasized that it is important to her "not to boycott Israelis but rather to boycott the normalization of Israel and the conflict."^[25] In a speech in Ramallah on 27 June, she apologized to the Palestinians for not joining the BDS campaign earlier.^[26] Her remarks, particularly that "[Some Jews] even think we get one get-away-with-genocide-free-card" were characterized by an op-ed columnist in the Jerusalem Post as "violent" and "unethical", and as the "most perverse of aspersions on Jews, an age-old stereotype of Jews as intrinsically evil and malicious."^[27]

Klein was also a spokesperson for the protest against the spotlight on Tel Aviv at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival, a spotlight that Klein said was a very selective and misleading portrait of Israel.^[28]

Other activities[link]

Klein contributes to The Nation, In These Times, The Globe and Mail, This Magazine, Harper's Magazine, and The Guardian.

She once lectured as a Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics as an award-winning journalist, writer on the anti-globalisation movement.^[29]

She ranked 11th in an internet poll of the top global intellectuals of 2005, a list of the world's top 100 public intellectuals compiled by the Prospect magazine in conjunction with Foreign Policy magazine.^[30]

She was involved in a protest condemning police action during the G20 summit in Toronto, ON. She spoke to a rally seeking the release of protesters in front of police headquarters on June 28, 2010.^[31]

In May 2011, Klein received an honourary degree from Saint Thomas University.

On October 6, 2011, she visited Occupy Wall Street and gave a speech declaring the protest movement "the most important thing in the world". ^[32]

On November 10, 2011, she participated in a panel discussion about the future of Occupy Wall Street with four other panelists, including Michael Moore and William Greider, in which she stressed the crucial nature of the evolving movement.^[33]

List of works[link]

Books and contributed chapters[link]

• 2000. No Logo: No Space, No Choice, No Jobs. ISBN 0-312-42143-5
• 2002. Fences and Windows: Dispatches from the Front Lines of the Globalization Debate. ISBN 0-312-30799-3
• 2003. Contributor Wrestling with Zion: Progressive Jewish-American Responses to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
• 2007. The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. ISBN 0-8050-7983-1 - winner of the Warwick Prize for Writing (2009)
• 2009. Contributor Going Rouge: Sarah Palin An American Nightmare ISBN 0-06-193989-7^[34]

Articles[link]

• 2011. Capitalism vs. the Climate; What the right gets - and the left doesn't - about the revolutionary power of climate change. November 9, 2011, The Nation

Filmography[link]

• The Corporation (interview)
• The Take
• The Shock Doctrine

References[link]

1. ^ Nineham, Chris (October 2007). "The Shock Doctrine". Socialist Review. http://www.socialistreview.org.uk/article.php?articlenumber=10110. Retrieved April 25, 2011. 
2. ^ "Video: Naomi Klein at last night's town hall". DepartmentOfCulture.ca. September 4, 2008. http://departmentofculture.ca/video-naomi-klein-at-last-nights-town-hall/. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
3. ^ "Biography of Bonnie Sherr Klein (*1941): Filmmaker, Author, Disability Rights Activist". Library and Archives Canada. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/women/002026-704-e.html. 
4. ^ Sito, Tom (July 19, 2005). "The Disney Strike of 1941: How It Changed Animation & Comics". Animation World Magazine. http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=Special+Features&category2=&article_no=2562&page=1. Retrieved March 25, 2009. 
5. ^ ^{a b} MacFarquhar, Larissa (December 8, 2008). "Outside Agitator: Naomi Klein and the New Left". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/12/08/081208fa_fact_macfarquhar?currentPage=all. 
6. ^ Lewis, Avi. "Extended story by Avi Lewis: Who do you think you are?". CBC Television. http://www.cbc.ca/whodoyouthinkyouare/stories/ext_avi.php. 
7. ^ "Naomi Klein". Facebook. March 5, 2012. https://www.facebook.com/pages/Naomi-Klein/12400234918. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Viner, Katharine (September 23, 2000). "Hand-To-Brand-Combat: A Profile Of Naomi Klein". The Guardian. http://www.commondreams.org/views/092300-103.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
9. ^ ^{a b} Klein, Bonnie Sherr (Spring 1993). "We are Who You are:Feminism and Disability". Abilities. Enablelink.org. http://www.enablelink.org/include/article.php?pid=&cid=&subid=&aid=673. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
10. ^ "Naomi Klein: The Montreal Massacre". Bigthink.com. http://www.bigthink.com/policy-politics/6340. Retrieved 2008-10-10. 
11. ^ Q&A Interview with Brian Lamb, on CSPAN, dated November 29, 2009, Klein Q&A interview and transcript
12. ^ "Nike's response to No Logo". Nike. 2000-03-08. Archived from the original on 2001-06-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20010618162615/http://nikebiz.com/labor/nologo_let.shtml. 
13. ^ ^{a b c} "Unconventional Wisdom Since 1865". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/directory/bios/naomi_klein. 
14. ^ Phillips-Fein, Kim (May 10, 2005). "Seattle to Baghdad". n+1. http://www.nplusonemag.com/klein.html. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
15. ^ Morduchowicz, Daniel (September 20, 2004). "The Take". Z Space. http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/7824. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
16. ^ "Author Spotlight: Naomi Klein". RandomHouse.ca. http://www.randomhouse.ca/author/results.pperl?authorid=15909. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
17. ^ Cockburn, Alexander (September 22 / 23, 2007), On Naomi Klein's "The Shock Doctrine", CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/cockburn09222007.html 
18. ^ Klein, Naomi (September 2004). "Baghdad year zero: Pillaging Iraq in pursuit of a neocon utopia". Harper's Magazine. The Harper's Magazine Foundation. http://www.harpers.org/BaghdadYearZero.html. Retrieved 2007-09-09. 
19. ^ Klein, Naomi (2004-10-13). Broadcast Exclusive: James Baker’s Double Life in Iraq: The Carlyle Group Stands to Make Killing on Iraqi Debt. Interview with Amy Goodman. Democracy Now!. Pacifica Radio. http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/10/13/144220. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
20. ^ Klein, Naomi (January 22, 2004). The Persuaders: Interview Naomi Klein. (Interview). PBS Frontline. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/persuaders/interviews/klein.html. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
21. ^ Gilbey, Ryan (August 31, 2007). "I'm basically a brand (article about John Cusack's career)". London: The Guardian. http://film.guardian.co.uk/interview/interviewpages/0,,2159038,00.html. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
22. ^ ^{a b} Klein, Naomi (August 26, 2004). "Bring Najaf to New York". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20040913/klein. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
23. ^ ^{a b} Cooper, Marc (August 27, 2004). "Najaf to New York? Better: New York to Najaf.". marccooper.typepad.com. http://marccooper.typepad.com/marccooper/2004/08/najaf_to_new_yo.html. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
24. ^ Klein, Naomi (January 10, 2009). "Enough. It's time for a boycott". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/jan/10/naomi-klein-boycott-israel. Retrieved 2009-07-13. 
25. ^ Klein, Naomi (July 2, 2009). "Oppose the state, not the people". Ha'aretz. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1097058.html. Retrieved 2009-07-13. 
26. ^ Klein, Naomi (July 7, 2009). "Naomi Klein in Ramallah: I am ashamed that it took me this long". The Faster Times. http://thefastertimes.com/Palestine/2009/07/07/naomi-klein-in-ramallah-i-am-ashamed-that-it-took-me-this-long-to-endorse-the-call-to-boycott-israel…it-was-nothing-but-cowardice/. Retrieved 2009-07-13. 
27. ^ Schimmel, Noam (July 18, 2009). "'The Jews' get-away-with-genocide-free-card'". Jerusalem Post. http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1246443842069&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull. 
28. ^ Klein, Naomi (September 10, 2009). "We don't feel like celebrating with Israel this year.". Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/opinions/we-dont-feel-like-celebrating-with-israel-this-year/article1278582/. 
29. ^ "Visiting teaching fellows". London School of Economics and Political Science. http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/miliband/visitingTeachingFellows.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-09. 
30. ^ "Intellectuals—the results". Prospect Magazine. Prospect Publishing Limited. 26 July 2008. http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2008/07/intellectualstheresults/. 
31. ^ "Video: Naomi Klein to police: "Don't play public relations, do your goddamned job!"". Rabble.ca and Youtube.com. July 28, 2010. http://rabble.ca/rabbletv/program-guide/2010/06/features/naomi-klein-police-dont-play-public-relations-do-your-goddam. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 
32. ^ Klein, Naomi (October 6, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street: The Most Important Thing in the World Now". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/article/163844/occupy-wall-street-most-important-thing-world-now. Retrieved March 30, 2012. 
33. ^ "Michael Moore, Naomi Klein and Others on What's Next for OWS". The Nation. November 9, 2011. http://www.thenation.com/video/164494/watch-michael-moore-naomi-klein-and-others-owss-possibilities. Retrieved March 30, 2012. 
34. ^ "Official Book Website for Going Rouge". OR Books. http://orbooks.com/. 

Further reading[link]

• MacFarquhar, Larissa (8 December 2008). "Profiles: Outside Agitator". The New Yorker 84 (40): 60–71. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/12/08/081208fa_fact_macfarquhar. Retrieved 22 May 2009. 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Naomi Klein

• Official website
• Naomi Klein on Twitter
• The Shock Doctrine at Macmillan Publishers
• Column archive at The Guardian
• Column archive at The Nation
• Naomi Klein at TED Conferences
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Naomi Klein on Charlie Rose
• Naomi Klein at the Internet Movie Database
• Works by or about Naomi Klein in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Naomi Klein collected news and commentary at The New York Times

Video[link]

• Video: An Introduction to Naomi Klein's No Logo
• Naomi Klein: "Minority Death Match: Jews, Blacks and the ‘Post-Racial’ Presidency" - video report by Democracy Now!
• C-SPAN Q&A interview with Klein, November 29, 2009
• Naomi Klein on Climate Debt: Why Rich Countries Should Pay Reparations To Poor Countries - video report by Democracy Now!
• Naomi Klein: The Real Crime Scene Was Inside the G20 Summit

Kevin Warwick
Kevin Warwick, February 2008
Born	(1954-02-09) 9 February 1954 (age 58) Coventry, UK
Nationality	United Kingdom
Fields	Cybernetics, robotics
Institutions	University of Oxford Newcastle University University of Warwick University of Reading
Alma mater	Aston University Imperial College London
Doctoral advisor	John Hugh Westcott
Doctoral students	Mark Gasson
Known for	Project Cyborg

Kevin Warwick (born 9 February 1954 Coventry, UK) is a British scientist and professor of cybernetics at the University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom. He is known for his studies on direct interfaces between computer systems and the human nervous system, and has also done research in the field of robotics.

Biography[link]

Kevin Warwick was born in 1954 in Coventry in the United Kingdom. He attended Lawrence Sheriff School in Rugby, Warwickshire. He left school in 1970 to join British Telecom, at the age of 16. In 1976 he took his first degree at Aston University, followed by a Ph.D and a research post at Imperial College London.

He subsequently held positions at Oxford, Newcastle and Warwick universities before being offered the Chair in Cybernetics at the University of Reading in 1987.

Warwick is a Chartered Engineer, a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology and a Fellow of the City and Guilds of London Institute. He is Visiting Professor at the Czech Technical University in Prague and the University of Strathclyde and in 2004 was Senior Beckman Fellow at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. He is also Director of the University of Reading Knowledge Transfer Partnerships Centre, which links the University with Companies and is on the Advisory Boards of the Instinctive Computing Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University^[1] and the Centre for Intermedia, University of Exeter.^[2]

By the age of 40 he had been awarded higher doctorates (D.Sc.) by both Imperial College and by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague for his research output in completely separate areas.

Work[link]

Kevin Warwick speaking at the Tomorrow's People conference in 2006 hosted by Oxford University.

Warwick carries out research in artificial intelligence, biomedical engineering, control systems and robotics. Much of Warwick's early research was in the area of discrete time adaptive control. He introduced the first state space based self-tuning controller^[3] and unified discrete time state space representations of ARMA models.^[4] However he has also contributed in mathematics,^[5] power engineering^[6] and manufacturing production machinery.^[7]

Artificial intelligence[link]

Warwick presently heads an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council supported research project which investigates the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques in order to suitably stimulate and translate patterns of electrical activity from living cultured neural networks in order to utilise the networks for the control of mobile robots.^[8] Hence a biological brain actually provides the behaviour process for each robot. It is expected that the method will be extended to the control of a robot head.

Previously Warwick was behind a genetic algorithm called Gershwyn, which was able to exhibit creativity in producing pop songs, learning what makes a hit record by listening to examples of previous hit songs.^[9] Gershwyn appeared on BBC's Tomorrow's World having been successfully used to mix music for Manus, a group consisting of the four younger brothers of Elvis Costello.

Another Warwick project involving artificial intelligence is the robot head, Morgui. The head contains 5 senses (vision, sound, infrared, ultrasound and radar) and is being used to investigate sensor data fusion. The head was X-rated by the University of Reading Research and Ethics Committee due to its image storage capabilities – anyone under the age of 18 who wishes to interact with the robot must apriori obtain parental approval.^[10]

Warwick has very outspoken views on the future, particularly with respect to artificial intelligence and its impact on the human species, and argues that we will need to use technology to enhance ourselves in order to avoid being overtaken.^[11] He also points out that there are many limits, such as our sensorimotor abilities, that we can overcome with machines, and is on record as saying that he wants to gain these abilities: "There is no way I want to stay a mere human."^[12]

Bioethics[link]

Warwick heads the University of Reading team in a number of European Community projects such as FIDIS looking at issues concerned with the future of identity and ETHICBOTS which is considering the ethical aspects of robots and cyborgs. Warwick is also working with Daniela Cerqui, a social and cultural anthropologist from the University of Lausanne, to address the main social, ethical, philosophical and anthropological issues related to his research.^[13]

Warwick’s areas of interest have many ethical implications, some due to his Human enhancement experiments. The ethical dilemmas in his research are highlighted as a case study for schoolchildren and science teachers by the Institute of Physics^[14] as a part of their formal Advanced level and GCSE studies. His work has also been directly discussed by The President's Council on Bioethics and the President’s Panel on Forward Engagements.^[15] He is presently a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics Working Party on Novel Neurotechnologies.^[16]

His paper entitled Future issues with Robots and Cyborgs is ranked as the top paper, in terms of downloads per day, in the journal Studies in Ethics, Law and Technology.^[17]

Deep brain stimulation[link]

Along with Tipu Aziz and his team at John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, and John Stein of the University of Oxford, Warwick is helping to design the next generation of Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.^[18] Instead of stimulating the brain all the time, the aim is for the device to predict when stimulation is needed and to apply the signals prior to any tremors occurring to stop them before they even start.^[19]

Public awareness[link]

Warwick has headed a number of projects aimed at exciting schoolchildren about the technology with which he is involved. In 2000 he received the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Millennium Award for his Schools Robot League. Meanwhile in 2007, 16 school teams were involved in designing a humanoid robot to dance and then complete an assault course—a final competition being held at the Science Museum (London). The project, entitled 'Androids Advance' was supported by EPSRC and was presented as an evening news item on Chinese television.^[20]

Warwick contributes significantly to the public understanding of science by giving regular public lectures, taking part in radio programmes and through popular writing. He has appeared in numerous television documentary programmes on artificial intelligence, robotics and the role of science fiction in science, such as How William Shatner Changed the World, Future Fantastic and Explorations.^[21] He has also guested on a number of TV chat shows, including Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Først & sist, and Richard & Judy.^[21] Warwick has appeared on the cover of a number of magazines, for example the February 2000 edition of Wired.^[22]

In 2000 Warwick presented the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures entitled The Rise of the Robots. The lectures were well received by some and were even felt to be inspirational.^[23] Meanwhile in a letter Simon Colton complained about the choice of Warwick, prior to his appearance. He claimed that Warwick is not a spokesman for our subject (Artificial Intelligence) and allowing him influence through the Christmas lectures is a danger to the public perception of science.^[24] In light of Warwick's claims that computers could be creative, Colton, who is a Reader in Computational Creativity, also said the AI community has done real science to reclaim words such as creativity and emotion which they claim computers will never have.^[25] Subsequent letters were generally positive, Ralph Rayner wrote With my youngest son, I attended all of the lectures and found them balanced and thought-provoking. They were not sensationalist. I applaud Warwick for his lectures.^[26]

In 2005 Warwick was congratulated for his work in attracting students to the field by Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom in an Early day motion for making the subject interesting and relevant so that more students will want to develop a career in science.^[27]

Robotics[link]

Warwick's claims that robots that can program themselves to avoid each other while operating in a group raise the issue of self-organisation, and as such might be the major impetus in following developments in this area. In particular, the works of Francisco Varela and Humberto Maturana, once in the province of pure speculation now have become immediately relevant with respect to synthetic intelligence.

Cyborg-type systems not only are homeostatic (meaning that they are able to preserve stable internal conditions in various environments) but adaptive, if they are to survive. Testing the claims of Varela and Maturana via synthetic devices is the larger and more serious concern in the discussion about Warwick and those involved in similar research. "Pulling the plug" on independent devices cannot be as simple as it appears, for if the device displays sufficient intelligence and assumes a diagnostic and prognostic stature, we may ultimately one day be forced to decide between what it could be telling us as counterintuitive (but correct) and our impulse to disconnect because of our limited and "intuitive" perceptions.

Warwick's robots seemed to have exhibited behaviour not anticipated by the research, one such robot "committing suicide" because it could not cope with its environment.^[28] In a more complex setting, it may be asked whether a "natural selection" may be possible, neural networks being the major operative.

The 1999 edition of the Guinness Book of Records recorded that Warwick carried out the first robot learning experiment across the internet. One robot, with an Artificial Neural Network brain in Reading, UK, learnt how to move around. It then taught, via the internet, another robot in SUNY Buffalo New York State, USA, to behave in the same way. The robot in the USA was therefore not taught or programmed by a human, but rather by another robot based on what it itself had learnt.^[29]

Hissing Sid was a robot cat which Warwick took on a British Council lecture tour of Russia, it being presented in lectures at such places as Moscow State University. Sid, which was put together as a student project, got its name from the noise made by the Pneumatic actuators used to drive its legs when walking. The robot also appeared on BBC TV's Blue Peter but became better known when it was refused a ticket by British Airways on the grounds that they did not allow animals in the cabin.^[30]

Warwick was also responsible for a robotic "magic chair" which Sir Jimmy Savile used on BBC TV's Jim'll Fix It. The chair provided Jim with tea and stored Jim'll Fix it badges for him to hand out to guests.^[31] Warwick even appeared on the programme himself for a Fix it involving robots.^[21]

Project Cyborg[link]

Probably the most famous piece of research undertaken by Warwick (and the origin of the nickname, "Captain Cyborg", given to him by The Register) is the set of experiments known as Project Cyborg, in which he had a chip implanted into his arm, with the aim of "becoming a cyborg".