Name	Spanish, Castilian
Nativename	,
Pronunciation	,
Familycolor	Indo-European
Script	Latin (Spanish variant)
Region	(see below)
Speakers	First language 329 million to 400 million.500 million as first or second language.
Fam2	Italic
Fam3	Romance
Fam4	Italo-Western
Fam5	Gallo-Iberian
Fam6	Ibero-Romance
Fam7	West Iberian
Script	Latin (Spanish variant)
Script	Latin (Spanish variant)
Nation	21 countries, United Nations, European Union, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, Union of South American Nations, Central American Integration System, African Union, Caricom, World Trade Organization, North American Free Trade Agreement, Andean Community of Nations, Mercosur, Inter-American Development Bank, Latin Union, Antarctic Treaty.
Agency	Association of Spanish Language Academies ( and 21 other national Spanish language academies)
Iso1	es
Iso2	spa
Iso3	spa
Lingua	51-AAA-b
Map	Map-Hispanophone World.png
Mapcaption
Notice	IPA }}

Spanish (sometimes called Castilian) ('''' or '''' in Spanish) is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia during the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile (present northern Spain) into central and southern Iberia during the later Medieval period.

Modern Spanish developed with the readjustment of consonants ('''') that began in 15th century. The language continues to adopt foreign words from a variety of other languages as well as developing new words. Spanish was taken most notably to the Americas as well as to Africa and Asia Pacific with the expansion of the Spanish Empire between the 15th and 19th centuries, where it became the most important language for government and trade.

In 1999, there were according to ''Ethnologue'' 358 million people speaking Spanish as a native language and a total of 417 million speakers worldwide. Currently these figures are up to 400 and 500 million people respectively. Spanish is the second most natively spoken language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese. Mexico contains the largest population of Spanish speakers. Spanish is one of the six official languages of the United Nations, and used as an official language of the European Union, and Mercosur.

Due to its increasing presence in the demographics and popular culture of the United States, particularly in the fast-growing states of the Sun Belt, Spanish is widely considered to be the most beneficial second language for a native speaker of American English. The increasing political stability and economies of many larger Hispanophone nations, the language's immense geographic extent in Latin America and Europe for tourism, and the growing popularity of warmer, more affordable, and culturally vibrant retirement destinations found in the Hispanic world have contributed significantly to the growth of learning Spanish as a foreign language across the world.

By 2050, it is likely that 10 percent of the world population will be speaking Spanish, and will be the most widely spoken language in the Western Hemisphere by a considerable degree, including both first and second language speakers.

History

Castilian emerged from its ancestral Vulgar Latin (common Latin) dialects in the 9th century. Latin had been brought to Iberia by the Romans during the Second Punic War around 210 BC, absorbing influences from the native Iberian languages such as Celtiberian, Basque and other paleohispanic languages. Later, it gained other external influences, most notably from the Arabic of the later Al-Andalus period.

Local versions of Vulgar Latin evolved into Castilian in the central-north of Iberia, in an area defined by the then remote crossroad strips of Alava, Cantabria, Burgos, Soria and La Rioja, within the Kingdom of Castile (see Glosas Emilianenses). In this formative stage, Castilian developed a strongly differing variant from its close cousin, Leonese, and was distinguished by a heavy Basque influence (see Iberian Romance languages). This distinctive dialect progressively spread south with the advance of the , and so gathered a sizable lexical influence from Al-Andalus Arabic, especially in the later Medieval period.

In the fifteenth century, in a process similar to that affecting other Romance languages, Castilian underwent a dramatic change with the ''Readjustment of the Consonants'' (''''). Typical features of Spanish diachronic phonology include lenition (Latin , Spanish ), palatalisation (Latin , Spanish , and Latin , Spanish ) and diphthongisation (stem-changing) of stressed short ''e'' and ''o'' from Vulgar Latin (Latin , Spanish ; Latin , Spanish ).

The , written in Salamanca in 1492 by Elio Antonio de Nebrija, was the first grammar written for a modern European language. According to a popular anecdote, when Nebrija presented it to Queen Isabella, she asked him what was the use of such a work, and he answered that language is the instrument of empire. In his introduction to the grammar, dated August 18, 1492, Nebrija wrote that "... language was always the companion of empire."

From the 16th century onwards, the language was taken to the Americas and the Spanish East Indies via Spanish colonization. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra is a so well-known reference in the world that Spanish is often called ''la lengua de Cervantes'' ("the language of Cervantes").

In the 20th century, Spanish was introduced to Equatorial Guinea and the Western Sahara, and to areas of the United States that had not been part of the Spanish Empire, such as Spanish Harlem in New York City. For details on borrowed words and other external influences upon Spanish, see Influences on the Spanish language.

Geographic distribution

Spanish is recognised as one of the official languages of the United Nations, the European Union, the Organization of American States, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the African Union, the Union of South American Nations, the Latin Union, and the Caricom and has legal status in the North American Free Trade Agreement.

Country	Population	Spanish as a native language speakers	Bilingual and as a second language speakers (in countries where Spanish is official) or as a foreign language (where it is not official)	Spanish speakers as percentage of population	Total number of Spanish speakers
	112,336,538			98.5%
	307,006,550	35,468,501	14,531,499	%	50,000,000
	47,150,819			98.8%
	46,090,000			99.2%
	40,900,496			99.4%
	29,306,000			98.8%
	29,797,694			86.6%
	17,248,450			99.3%
	14,306,000			98.1%
	14,361,666			86.4%
	11,235,863	11,235,863		99.4%
	10,225,000			99.6%
	10,426,154			87.9%
	8,215,313			99.0%
	6,183,002	6,183,002		99.7%
	64,057,790	440,106	5,721,380	9.6%	6,161,486
	5,822,000			97.0%
	31,759,997	20,000	5,480,000	17.32%	5,500,000
	190,732,694	460,018	5,000,000	2.86%	5,460,018
	4,615,646			99.2%
	6,460,000	369,000	4,043,555	69.5%
	3,998,000			98.8%
	62,041,708	184,867	3,737,633	6.4%	3,922,500
	3,372,000			98.9%
	3,508,000			93.1%
	96,061,683	2,930	3,013,843	3.1%	3,016,773
	81,802,000	178,976	2,527,996	3.3%	2,706,972
	60,605,053	422,249	1,968,320	3.5%	1,635,976
	1,153,915	n.a.	1,044,293	90.5%
	33,212,696	909,000	92,853	3%	1,001,853
	10,636,888	9,570	727,282	6.9%	737,026
	16,665,900	59,578	622,516	4.1%	682,094
	10,403,951	85,990	515,939	5.8%	601,929
	22,246,862		544,531	2.4%	544,531
	9,045,389	101,472	442,601	6%	544,073
	21,007,310	106,517	374,571	2.3%	481,088
	38,500,696		316,104	0.8%	316,104
	8,205,533		267,177	3.3%	267,177
	20,179,602		235,806	1.2%	235,806
	33,769,669		223,000	0.7%	223,379
	5,484,723		219,003	4%	219,003
	7,112,359	130,000	45,231	2.5%	175,231
	127,288,419	78,952	60,000	0.1%	138,952
	7,581,520	123,000	14,420	1.7%	137,420
	7,262,675		133,910	1.8%	133,910
	301,270	106,795	21,848	42.7%	128,643
	223,652	10,699	114,835	56.1%	125,534
	4,156,119		123,591	3%	123,591
	12,853,259		101,455	0.8%	101,455
	10,722,816		86,742	0.8%	86,742
	5,244,749		85,586	1.6%	85,586
	9,930,915		85,034	0.9%	85,034
	100,018	6,800	68,602	75.3%	75,402
	4,491,543		73,656	1.6%	73,656
	84,484	29,907	25,356	68.7%	58,040
	5,455,407		43,164	0.8%	43,164
	4,644,457	12,573	23,677	0.8%	36,250
	140,702,094	3,320	20,000	0.01%	23,320
	4,173,460	21,645		0.5%	21,645
	154,805		19,092	12.3%	19,092
US Virgin Islands	108,612	16,788		15.5%	16,788
	1,345,751,000	2,292	12,835	0.001124%	15,127
	3,565,205		13,943	0.4%	13,943
	27,967	13,857		49.5%	13,857
	792,604			1.4%	11,044
	71,892,807	380	8,000	0.01%	8,380
	2,804,322	8,000		0.3%	8,000
	486,006	3,000	4,344	1.5%	7,344
	403,532	6,458		1.6%	6,458
	1,047,366	4,100		0.4%	4,100
	513,000	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Total native speakers in the world + bilingual and as a second language where Spanish is official:			32,440,098	%
Total with Spanish speakers as a foreign language:	81,213,062	%

Hispanosphere

It is estimated that the combined total number of Spanish speakers is between 470 and 500 million, making it the third most spoken language by total number of speakers (after Chinese and English). Spanish is the second most widely spoken language in terms of native speakers. Global internet usage statistics for 2007 show Spanish as the third most commonly used language on the Internet, after English and Chinese.

Europe

In Europe, Spanish is an official language of Spain, the country after which it is named and from which it originated. It is widely spoken in Gibraltar, though English is the official language. It is also commonly spoken in Andorra, though Catalan is the official language.

Spanish is spoken in 20 different countries worldwide. It is also spoken by small communities in other European countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Spanish is an official language of the European Union. In Switzerland, Spanish is the native language of 1.7% of the population, representing the largest minority after the 4 official languages of the country.

Spanish is the fourth most widely studied second language in Western Europe after English, French, and German. In countries where those languages are natively spoken (chiefly the United Kingdom, France, and Germany), Spanish is often the third most popular foreign language. Neighboring Portugal and France have considerable minorities of their population with a high degree of competency in Spanish.

Spain

In Spain and in some parts of the Spanish speaking world, but not all, Spanish is called '''' (Castilian) as well as '''' (Spanish), that is, the language of the Castile region, contrasting it with other languages spoken in Spain such as Galician, Basque, and Catalan. In this manner, the Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses the term to define the official language of the whole Spanish State, as opposed to (lit. ''the rest of the Spanish languages''). Article III reads as follows:

Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State. (...) The rest of the Spanish languages shall also be official in their respective Autonomous Communities...}}

The Spanish Royal Academy uses the term ''español'' (rather than "castellano") in its publications, due to the fact that "the term derives from the Provenzal word ''espaignol'', which in turn derives from the Medieval Latin word ''Hispaniolus'', which means 'from—or pertaining to—Hispania'". The ''Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas'' (a linguistic guide published by the Spanish Royal Academy) states that, although the Spanish Royal Academy prefers to use the term ''español'' in its publications when referring to the Spanish language, both terms (''español'' and ''castellano'') are regarded as synonymous and equally valid.

Currently, the name ''castellano'', which refers directly to the historical context in which it was introduced in the Americas, is preferred in Spain due to the existence of regions where other official languages are spoken (Catalonia, Basque Country, Valencia, Balearic Islands and Galicia) as well as in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela, instead of '''', which is more commonly used to refer to the language as a whole when relating to a global context.

Americas

Latin America

Most Spanish speakers are in Latin America; of all countries with a majority of Spanish speakers, only Spain and Equatorial Guinea are outside the Americas. Mexico has the most native speakers of any country. Nationally, Spanish is the official language—either ''de facto'' or ''de jure''—of Argentina, Bolivia (co-official with Quechua and Aymara), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay (co-official with Guaraní), Ecuador and Peru (co-official with Quechua and, in some regions, Aymara), Uruguay, and Venezuela. Spanish is also the official language (co-official with English) in Puerto Rico.

Spanish has no official recognition in the former British colony of Belize; however, per the 2000 census, it is spoken by 43% of the population. Mainly, it is spoken by the descendants of Hispanics who have been in the region since the 17th century; however, English is the official language.

Spain colonized Trinidad and Tobago first in 1498, introducing the Spanish language to the Carib people. Also the Cocoa Panyols, laborers from Venezuela, took their culture and language with them; they are accredited with the music of "Parang" ("Parranda") on the island. Because of Trinidad's location on the South American coast, the country is greatly influenced by its Spanish-speaking neighbors. A recent census shows that more than 1 500 inhabitants speak Spanish. In 2004, the government launched the ''Spanish as a First Foreign Language'' (SAFFL) initiative in March 2005. Government regulations require Spanish to be taught, beginning in primary school, while thirty percent of public employees are to be linguistically competent within five years.

Spanish is important in Brazil because of its proximity to and increased trade with its Spanish-speaking neighbors, and because of its membership in the Mercosur trading bloc and the Union of South American Nations. In 2005, the National Congress of Brazil approved a bill, signed into law by the President, making Spanish language teaching mandatory in both public and private secondary schools in Brazil. In many border towns and villages (especially in the Uruguayan-Brazilian and Paraguayan-Brazilian border areas), a mixed language known as Portuñol is spoken.

United States

According to 2006 census data, 44.3 million people of the U.S. population were Hispanic or Latino by origin; 34 million people, 12.2 percent, of the population more than five years old speak Spanish at home. Spanish has a long history in the United States because many south-western states were part of Mexico, and Florida was also part of Spain, and it recently has been revitalized by Hispanic immigrants. Spanish is the most widely taught language in the country after English. Although the United States has no formally designated "official languages," Spanish is formally recognized at the state level in various states in addition to English; in the U.S. state of New Mexico for instance, 40% of the population speaks the language. It also has strong influence in metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles, Miami, San Antonio, New York City, Tampa, Las Vegas, San Francisco and Chicago and in the last decade, the language has rapidly expanded in Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Cleveland, Dallas, Detroit, Houston, Phoenix, Philadelphia, Richmond, Washington, DC, and Missouri. Spanish is the dominant spoken language in Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory. With a total of 33,701,181 Spanish (Castilian) speakers, according to US Census Bureau, the U.S. has the world's second-largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish ranks second, behind English, as the language spoken most widely at home.

Africa

In Africa, Spanish is official in Equatorial Guinea (co-official with French and Portuguese), as well as an official language of the African Union. In Equatorial Guinea, Spanish is the predominant language when native and non-native speakers (around 500,000 people) are counted, while Fang is the most spoken language by number of native speakers. Today, in Western Sahara, a former spanish colony, an unknown number of Sahrawis are able to read and write in Spanish, and several thousands have received university education in foreign countries as part of aid packages (mainly in Cuba and Spain). It is also spoken in the Spanish cities in continental North Africa (Ceuta and Melilla) and in the autonomous community of Canary Islands (143,000 and 1,995,833 people, respectively). Within Northern Morocco, a former Franco-Spanish protectorate that is also geographically close to Spain, approximately 20,000 people speak Spanish as a second language. It is spoken by some communities of Angola, because of the Cuban influence from the Cold War, in South Sudan among South Sudanese natives that relocated to Cuba during the Sudanese wars and returned in time for their country's independence, and in Nigeria by the descendants of Afro-Cuban ex-slaves.

Asia

Spanish was used by the colonial governments and the educated classes in the former Spanish East Indies, namely the Philippines, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. From 1565 to 1973 it was an official language of the Philippines. Up to 1899 it was the language of government, trade and education, and spoken as a first language by Spaniards and educated Filipinos. In the mid 19th century the colonial government set up a free public school system with Spanish as the medium of instruction. This increased the use of Spanish throughout the islands and led to a class of Spanish-speaking intellectuals called the Ilustrados. Although Spanish never became the language of a majority of the population, Philippine literature and press primarily used Spanish up to the 1940s. It continued as an official language until the change of Constitution in 1973. Following the U.S. occupation and administration of the islands in 1899, the American government increasingly imposed English, especially after the 1920s. The US authorities conducted a campaign of introducing English as the medium of instruction in schools, universities and public spaces, and prohibited the use of Spanish in media and educational institutions.

After the country became independent in 1946, Spanish remained an official language along with English and Tagalog-based Filipino. However, the language lost its official status in 1973 during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos. In 2007 the Arroyo administration announced that it would pass legislation to reintroduce Spanish in the Philippine education system. In 2010 a Memorandum was signed between Spanish and Philippine authorities to cooperate in implementing this decree. Today, Radio Manila broadcasts daily in Spanish. Worthy of mention is the Chabacano language spoken by 600,000 people both in the Philippines and Sabah. Chabacano, a Spanish-Philippine pidgin, sounds strange to Spanish speakers but is mutually intelligible.

The local languages of the Philippines retain much Spanish influence, with many words being derived from Castilian Spanish and Mexican Spanish, due to the control of the islands by Spain through Mexico City until 1821, and directly from Madrid until 1898.

Oceania

Among the countries and territories in Oceania, Spanish is also spoken in Easter Island, a territorial possession of Chile. The U.S. Territories of Guam and Northern Marianas, and the independent states of Palau, Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia all once had majority Spanish speakers, since the Marianas and the Caroline Islands were Spanish colonial possessions until the late 19th century (see Spanish-American War), but Spanish is no longer used by the masses but there are still native and second-language speakers. It also exists as an influence on the local native languages and is spoken by Hispanic American resident populations.

Antarctica

The Antarctic Treaty regulates international relations with respect to Antarctica. Argentina and Chile, both Spanish speaking countries, claim territories according to this treaty. The Argentine Antarctica sector had a winter population of 169 in 1999, and in the Chilean Antarctic Territory, according to the national census of 2002, the population was 130 (115 male, 15 female).

Royal Spanish Academy

The (Royal Spanish Academy), founded in 1713, together with the 21 other national ones (see Association of Spanish Language Academies), exercises a standardizing influence through its publication of dictionaries and widely respected grammar and style guides. Because of influence and for other sociohistorical reasons, a standardized form of the language (Standard Spanish) is widely acknowledged for use in literature, academic contexts and the media.

Accent variation

There are important variations spoken among the regions of Spain and throughout Spanish-speaking America. One major phonological difference between Castilian, broadly speaking, the accents spoken in most of Spain, and the accent of much of southern Spain, the Canary Islands and all the Latin American accents of Spanish, is the absence of a voiceless dental fricative ( as in English ''thing'') in the latter. In Spain, the Castilian accent is commonly regarded as the standard variety used on radio and television, although attitudes towards southern accents have changed significantly in the last 50 years. In addition to variations in pronunciation, minor lexical and grammatical differences exist. For example, is the use of slightly different pronouns and differs from the standard.

The variety with the most speakers is Mexican Spanish. It is spoken by more than the twenty percent of the Spanish speakers (107 million of the total 494 million, according to the table above). One of its main features is the reduction or loss of the unstressed vowels, mainly when they are in contact with the sound /s/.

Voseo

Spanish has three second-person singular pronouns: , , and . The use of the pronoun and/or its verb forms is called .

Grammar

is the subject form [you say] and object of a preposition (''a vos digo'') [to you I say], while "os" is the direct object form [I saw you] and indirect object without express preposition [I say to you].

Since ''vos'' is historically the 2nd-person plural, verbs are conjugated as such despite the fact the word now refers to a single person:

.

The possessive form is : . Adjectives, when used in conjunction with ''vos'', do not agree with the pronoun but instead with the real referents in gender and number: .

Two main types of may be distinguished: reverential and American dialectal. In archaic solemn usage, expressed special reverence and could be used to address both the second person singular and the second person plural. In contrast, the more commonly known American form of is always used to address only one speaker and implies closeness and familiarity. Unlike the first type, the second one need not involve ''vos'' and may instead be expressed simply in the use of the plural form of the verb (even in combination with the pronoun ''tú'').

The ''pronominal '' employs the use of as a pronoun to replace and , which are second-person singular informal. As a subject employs: instead of As a vocative: instead of As a term of preposition: instead of And as a term of comparison: instead of

However, for the (that which uses the pronominal verbs and its complements without preposition) and for the possessive, they employ the forms of , respectively: In other words, in the previous examples the authors conjugate the pronoun subject with the pronominal verbs and its complements of .

The verbal consists of the use of the second person plural, more or less modified, for the conjugated forms of the second person singular: . The verbal paradigm of is characterized by its complexity. On the one hand, it affects, to a distinct extent, each verbal tense. On the other hand, it varies in functions of geographic and social factors and not all the forms are accepted in cultured norms.

Extension in Latin America

is used extensively as the primary spoken form of the second-person singular pronoun, although with wide differences in social consideration. Generally, it can be said that there are zones of exclusive use of in the following areas: almost all of Mexico, the West Indies, Panama, most of Peru and Venezuela, Coastal Ecuador and the Andean coast of Colombia.

They alternate as a cultured form and as a popular or rural form in: Bolivia, north and south of Peru, Andean Ecuador, small zones of the Venezuelan Andes, a great part of Colombia, and the oriental border of Cuba.

exists as an intermediate formality of treatment and as a familiar treatment in: Chile, the Venezuelan Zulia State, the Pacific coast of Colombia, and the Mexican state of Chiapas.

Areas of generalized include Argentina, Costa Rica, East of Bolivia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Uruguay and the Colombian region of Valle and Antioquia.

Ustedes

Spanish forms also differ regarding second-person plural pronouns. "Usted" (Ud.) was initially the written abbreviation of "vuestra merced" (your grace). The dialects of Latin America have only one form of the second-person plural for daily use, (formal or familiar, as the case may be, though non-formal usage can sometimes appear in poetry and rhetorical or literary style). In Spain there are two forms — (formal) and (familiar). The pronoun is the plural form of in most of Spain, but in the Americas (and in certain southern Spanish areas such as Seville, Cádiz and in the Canary Islands) it is replaced with . It is notable that the use of for the informal plural "you" in southern Spain does not follow the usual rule for pronoun–verb agreement; e.g., while the formal form for "you go", , uses the third-person plural form of the verb, in Seville, Cádiz and other parts of Western Andalusia the informal form is constructed as , using the second-person plural of the verb. In the Canary Islands, though, the usual pronoun–verb agreement is preserved in most cases. The 'ustedeo' is mainly used in Costa Rica and Colombia In Honduras especially in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, "usted" is used as a formal pronoun between couples. It is used to portray respect between the romantic couple, while between colleagues and friends "vos" is used. "Usted" is also used to portray respect between someone whom is a generation older or is of higher authority.

Vocabulary

Some words can be different, even significantly so, in different Hispanophone countries. Most Spanish speakers can recognize other Spanish forms, even in places where they are not commonly used, but Spaniards generally do not recognize specifically American usages. For example, Spanish ''mantequilla'', ''aguacate'' and ''albaricoque'' (respectively, 'butter', 'avocado', 'apricot') correspond to ''manteca'', ''palta'', and ''damasco'', respectively, in Argentina, Chile (except ''manteca''), Paraguay, Peru (except ''manteca'' and ''damasco''), and Uruguay. The everyday Spanish words ''coger'' ('to take'), ''pisar'' ('to step on') and ''concha'' ('seashell') are considered extremely rude in parts of Latin America, where the meaning of ''coger'' and ''pisar'' is also "to have sex" and ''concha'' means "vulva". The Puerto Rican word for "bobby pin" (''pinche'') is an obscenity in Mexico, but in Nicaragua it simply means "stingy", and in Spain refers to a chef's helper. Other examples include ''taco'', which means "swearword" (among other meanings) in Spain and "traffic jam" in Chile, but is known to the rest of the world as a Mexican dish. ''Pija'' in many countries of Latin America and Spain itself is an obscene slang word for "penis", while in Spain the word also signifies "posh girl" or "snobby". ''Coche'', which means "car" in Spain, central Mexico and Argentina, for the vast majority of Spanish-speakers actually means "baby-stroller" or "pushchair", while ''carro'' means "car" in some Latin American countries and "cart" in others, as well as in Spain. Papaya is the slang term for "vagina" in the parts of Cuba and Venezuela, where the fruit is instead called ''fruta bomba'' and ''lechosa'', respectively.

Association of Spanish Language Academies

The Association of Spanish Language Academies () is the entity which regulates the Spanish language. It comprises the academies of 22 countries, ordered by date of Academy foundation: Spain (1713), Colombia (1871), Ecuador (1874), Mexico (1875), El Salvador (1876), Venezuela (1883), Chile (1885), Peru (1887), Guatemala (1887), Costa Rica (1923), Philippines (1924), Panama (1926), Cuba (1926), Paraguay (1927), Dominican Republic (1927), Bolivia (1927), Nicaragua (1928), Argentina (1931), Uruguay (1943), Honduras (1949), Puerto Rico (1955), and United States (1973).

Classification and related languages

Spanish is closely related to the other Iberian Romance languages: Asturian, Catalan, Galician, Ladino, Leonese and Portuguese. Catalan, an Iberian language is more similar to Occitan to the north than to Spanish or Portuguese to the west. It should be noted that although Portuguese and Spanish are very closely related, particularly in vocabulary (89% lexically similar according to the Ethnologue of Languages), syntax and grammar, there are also some differences that don't exist between Catalan and Portuguese. While Spanish and Portuguese are widely considered to be mutually intelligible, it has been noted that while most Portuguese speakers can understand spoken Spanish with little difficulty, Spanish speakers face more difficulty in understanding spoken Portuguese. The written forms are considered to be equally intelligible, however.

Judaeo-Spanish

Judaeo-Spanish (also known as Ladino), which is essentially medieval Spanish and closer to modern Spanish than any other language, is spoken by many descendants of the Sephardi Jews who were expelled from Spain in the 15th century. Therefore, its relationship to Spanish is comparable with that of the Yiddish language to German. Ladino speakers are currently almost exclusively Sephardi Jews, with family roots in Turkey, Greece or the Balkans: current speakers mostly live in Israel and Turkey, and the United States, with a few pockets in Latin America. It lacks the Native American vocabulary which was influential during the Spanish colonial period, and it retains many archaic features which have since been lost in standard Spanish. It contains, however, other vocabulary which is not found in standard Castilian, including vocabulary from Hebrew, French, Greek and Turkish, and other languages spoken where the Sephardim settled.

Judaeo-Spanish is in serious danger of extinction because many native speakers today are elderly as well as elderly ''olim'' (immigrants to Israel) who have not transmitted the language to their children or grandchildren. However, it is experiencing a minor revival among Sephardi communities, especially in music. In the case of the Latin American communities, the danger of extinction is also due to the risk of assimilation by modern Castilian.

A related dialect is Haketia, the Judaeo-Spanish of northern Morocco. This too tended to assimilate with modern Spanish, during the Spanish occupation of the region.

Vocabulary comparison

Spanish and Italian share a similar phonological system. At present, the lexical similarity with Italian is estimated at 82%. The lexical similarity with Portuguese is greater at 89%. Mutual intelligibility between Spanish and French or Romanian is lower (lexical similarity being respectively 75% and 71%): comprehension of Spanish by French speakers who have not studied the language is low at an estimated 45% – the same as English. The common features of the writing systems of the Romance languages allow for a greater amount of interlingual reading comprehension than oral communication would.

! Latin	! Spanish	Galician language>Galician	Portuguese language>Portuguese	Astur-Leonese linguistic group>Astur-Leonese	Aragonese language>Aragonese	Catalan language>Catalan	Italian language>Italian	French language>French	Romanian language>Romanian	English language>English
		(''outros'')¹				(archaically also )	(''altri'')²	(''autres'')³		we
(lit. "true brother")						(archaically also )5				brother
	(Ecclesiastical Latin>Ecclesiastical)										Tuesday
		/''cançom''4								song
or	(archaically also )		(archaically also )			(archaically also )				more
	(also )		(archaically also )							left hand
or (lit. "no thing born")		/	(''neca'' and ''nula rés'' in some expressions; archaically also )				/	/		nothing

1. also in early modern Portuguese (e.g. ''The Lusiads'') 2. in Southern Italian dialects and languages 3. Alternatively 4. Depending on the written norm used. See Reintegracionismo 5. Medieval Catalan, e.g. ''Llibre dels feits del rei en Jacme''

Characterisation

A defining feature of Spanish was the diphthongization of the Latin short vowels ''e'' and ''o'' into ''ie'' and ''ue'', respectively, when they were stressed. Similar sound changes are found in other Romance languages, but in Spanish, they were significant. Some examples: Lat. > Sp. , It. , Fr. , Rom. , Port./Gal. , Ar. , Ast. , Cat. "stone". Lat. > Sp. , It. , Fr. / , Rom. , Port./Gal. , Ar. , Ast. , Cat. "die".

Peculiar to early Spanish (as in the Gascon dialect of Occitan, and possibly due to a Basque substratum) was the mutation of Latin initial ''f-'' into ''h-'' whenever it was followed by a vowel that did not diphthongize. Compare for instance: Lat. > It. , Port. , Ar. , Gal. , Ast. , Fr. , Cat. , Occitan , Rom. , (but Gascon ) Sp. (but Ladino ); Lat. > Lad. , Port./Gal. , Ar. , Ast. , Sp. ; but Lat. > It. , Port./Gal. , Rom. , Ar. , Ast. Cat. , Sp./Lad. .

Some consonant clusters of Latin also produced characteristically different results in these languages, for example: Lat. , acc. , > Lad. , , ; Sp. , , . However, in Spanish there are also the forms , , ; Port. , , ; Rom. , , ; Gal. , , ; Ast. , , . Lat. acc. , , > Lad. , , ; Sp. , , ; Port. , , ; Gal. , , ; Rom. , , ; Ast. , , .

By the 16th century, the consonant system of Spanish underwent the following important changes that differentiated it from neighbouring Romance languages such as Portuguese and Catalan: Initial , when it had evolved into a vacillating , was lost in most words (although this etymological ''h-'' is preserved in spelling and in some Andalusian and Caribbean dialects it is still aspirated in some words). The consonant written ‹u› or ‹v› (in Latin, this was , at the time of the merger it may have been a bilabial fricative ) merged with the consonant written ‹b› (a voiced bilabial plosive, ). In contemporary Spanish, there is no difference between the pronunciation of orthographic ‹b› and ‹v›, excepting emphatic pronunciations that cannot be considered standard or natural. The voiced alveolar fricative which existed as a separate phoneme in medieval Spanish merged with its voiceless counterpart . The phoneme which resulted from this merger is currently spelled ''s''. The voiced postalveolar fricative merged with its voiceless counterpart , which evolved into the modern velar sound by the 17th century, now written with ''j'', or ''g'' before ''e, i''. Nevertheless, in most parts of Argentina and in Uruguay, ''y'' and ''ll'' have both evolved to or . The voiced alveolar affricate merged with its voiceless counterpart , which then developed into the interdental , now written ''z'', or ''c'' before ''e, i''. But in Andalusia, the Canary Islands and the Americas this sound merged with as well. See ''Ceceo'', for further information.

The consonant system of Mediaeval Spanish has been better preserved in Ladino and in Portuguese, neither of which underwent these shifts

Writing system

Spanish is written in the Latin alphabet, with the addition of the character ‹ñ› (, representing the phoneme , a letter distinct from ‹n›, although typographically composed of an ‹n› with a tilde) and the digraphs ‹ch› (, representing the phoneme ) and ‹ll› (, representing the phoneme ). However, the digraph ‹rr› (, 'strong r", , 'double r', or simply ), which also represents a distinct phoneme , is not similarly regarded as a single letter. Since 1994 ‹ch› and ‹ll› have been treated as letter pairs for collation purposes, though they remain a part of the alphabet. Words with ‹ch› are now alphabetically sorted between those with ‹cg› and ‹ci› , instead of following ‹cz› as they used to. The situation is similar for ‹ll›.

Thus, the Spanish alphabet has the following 27 letters and 2 digraphs:

:a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z. :ch, ll.

The letters "k" and "w" are used only in words and names coming from foreign languages (kilo, folklore, whiskey, William, etc.).

With the exclusion of a very small number of regional terms such as ''México'' (see Toponymy of Mexico), pronunciation can be entirely determined from spelling. Under the orthographic conventions, a typical Spanish word is stressed on the syllable before the last if it ends with a vowel (not including ‹y›) or with a vowel followed by ‹n› or an ‹s›; it is stressed on the last syllable otherwise. Exceptions to this rule are indicated by placing an acute accent on the stressed vowel.

The acute accent is used, in addition, to distinguish between certain homophones, especially when one of them is a stressed word and the other one is a clitic: compare ('the', masculine singular definite article) with ('he' or 'it'), or ('you', object pronoun), (preposition 'of'), and (reflexive pronoun) with ('tea'), ('give' [formal imperative/third-person present subjunctive]) and ('I know' or imperative 'be').

The interrogative pronouns (, , , , etc.) also receive accents in direct or indirect questions, and some demonstratives (, , , etc.) can be accented when used as pronouns. The conjunction ('or') is written with an accent between numerals so as not to be confused with a zero: e.g., should be read as rather than ('10,020'). Accent marks are frequently omitted in capital letters (a widespread practice in the days of typewriters and the early days of computers when only lowercase vowels were available with accents), although the ''Real Academia Española'' advises against this.

When ‹u› is written between ‹g› and a front vowel (‹e i›), it indicates a "hard g" pronunciation. A diaeresis (‹ü›) indicates that it is not silent as it normally would be (e.g., ''cigüeña'', 'stork', is pronounced ; if it were written ‹cigueña›, it would be pronounced ).

Interrogative and exclamatory clauses are introduced with inverted question and exclamation marks (‹¿› and ‹¡›, respectively).

Phonology

The phonemic inventory listed in the following table includes phonemes that are preserved only in some accents, other accents having merged them (such as ''yeísmo'' or ''seseo''); these are marked with an asterisk (*), marginal phonemes are represented in parentheses (). Where symbols appear in pairs, the symbol to the right represents a voiced consonant.

!	! colspan=2	! colspan=2	Alveolar consonant>Alveolar	! colspan=2	! colspan=2
Nasal consonant>Nasal
Plosive consonant>Plosive
Fricative consonant>Fricative		*		()
Affricate consonant>Affricate
Trill consonant>Trill
Flap consonant>Tap
Lateral consonant>Lateral

Lexical stress

Spanish is a syllable-timed language, so each syllable has the same duration regardless of stress. Stress most often occurs on any of the last three syllables of a word, with some rare exceptions at the fourth last or earlier syllables. The ''tendencies'' of stress assignment are as follows: In words ending in vowels and , stress most often falls on the penultimate syllable.

In words ending in all other consonants, the stress more often falls on the last syllable.

Preantepenultimate stress (stress on the syllable that comes three before the last in a word) occurs rarely and only in words like ''guardándoselos'' ('saving them for him/her/them') where clitics follow certain verbal forms.

In addition to the many exceptions to these tendencies, there are numerous minimal pairs which contrast solely on stress such as ''sábana'' ('sheet') and ''sabana'' ('savannah'), as well as ''límite'' ('boundary'), ''limite'' ('[that] he/she limits') and ''limité'' ('I limited'), or also "líquido", "liquido" and "liquidó".

The spelling system unambiguously reflects where the stress occurs: in the absence of an accent mark, the stress falls on the last syllable unless the last letter is "n", "s", or a vowel, in which cases the stress falls on the next-to-last syllable; if and only if the absence of an accent mark would give the wrong stress information, an acute accent mark appears over the stressed syllable.

An amusing example of the significance of intonation in Spanish is the phrase '''' (What do you mean, how do I eat? I eat the way I eat!).

V and B

The letters V and B are both normally pronounced identically as or similar, and academic authorities now state that this is the only correct pronunciation. The Royal Spanish Academy considers the pronunciation for the letter V to be incorrect and affected. However some Spanish speakers maintain the pronunciation of the sound as it is in other western European languages. The sound is used for the letter V, in the Spanish language, by a few second-language speakers in Spain whose native language is Catalan, in the Balearic Islands, Valencian Community and southern Catalonia. In the USA it is also common due to the proximity and influence of English phonology, and the is also occasionally used in Mexico. Some parts of Central America also use which the Royal Academy attributes to the interference of local indigenous languages.

Historically, the pronunciation was uncommon but considered correct well into the 20th century. Spanish schools taught a pronunciation for most of the 20th century.

Some Spaniards consider the pronunciation of for the letter V to be more poetic, and it is used by many singers such as Julio Iglesias, Juan Pardo, Paloma San Basilio, Amaia Montero and Alejandro Sanz.

Grammar

Spanish is a relatively inflected language, with a two-gender system and about fifty conjugated forms per verb, but limited inflection of nouns, adjectives, and determiners. (For a detailed overview of verbs, see Spanish verbs and Spanish irregular verbs.)

It is right-branching, uses prepositions, and usually, though not always, places adjectives after nouns, as do most other Romance languages. Its syntax is generally subject–verb–object, though variations are common. It is a pro-drop language (or null subject language) (that is, it allows the deletion of pronouns which are pragmatically unnecessary) and is verb-framed.

Instituto Cervantes

The Instituto Cervantes (''Cervantes Institute'') is a worldwide non-profit organization created by the Spanish government in 1991. This organization has branched out in over 20 different countries with 54 centres devoted to the Spanish and Hispanic American culture and Spanish Language. The ultimate goals of the Institute are to promote the education, the study and the use of Spanish universally as a second language, to support the methods and activities that would help the process of Spanish language education, and to contribute to the advancement of the Spanish and Hispanic American cultures throughout non-Spanish-speaking countries.

See also

Names given to the Spanish language

Spanish language poets

Spanish profanity

Spanish proverbs

;Spanish language institutions

Association of Spanish Language Academies

Real Academia Española

Instituto Cervantes

Certificate of Use of Language in Spanish

Fundéu BBVA (formerly The Foundation of Urgent Spanish)

;Spanish-speaking world

Countries where Spanish is an official language

Hispanic culture

Hispanophone

Panhispanism

;Romance languages

Differences between Spanish and Portuguese

Romance languages

Latin Union

;Influences on the Spanish language

Arabic influence on the Spanish language

List of Spanish words of Germanic origin

List of Spanish words of Nahuatl origin

List of Spanish words of Indigenous American Indian origin

List of Spanish words of Philippine origin

;Dialects and languages influenced by Spanish

Chavacano language

Frespañol

Llanito

Palenquero

Papiamento

Philippine languages

Portuñol

Spanglish

Spanish-based creole languages

List of English words of Spanish origin

;Spanish dialects and varieties

;European Spanish

* Andalusian Spanish

* Canarian Spanish

* Castilian Spanish

* Castrapo (Galician Spanish)

* Murcian Spanish

;Spanish in the Americas

* North American Spanish

* Central American Spanish

* Caribbean Spanish

* South American Spanish

* Spanish in the United States

;Spanish in Africa

* Equatoguinean Spanish

;Spanish in Asia

Spanish in the Philippines

References

Bibliography

External links

Dictionary of the RAE Real Academia Española's official Spanish language dictionary

Spanish – BBC Languages

Basic Spanish Grammar

Spanish evolution from Latin

Spanish phrasebook on WikiTravel

Category:Spanish language Category:Languages of Spain Category:Languages of Andorra Category:Languages of Argentina Category:Languages of Belize Category:Languages of Bolivia Category:Languages of the Caribbean Category:Languages of Chile Category:Languages of Colombia Category:Languages of Costa Rica Category:Languages of the Dominican Republic Category:Languages of Ecuador Category:Languages of El Salvador Category:Languages of Equatorial Guinea Category:Languages of Guatemala Category:Languages of Honduras Category:Languages of Mexico Category:Languages of Nicaragua Category:Languages of Panama Category:Languages of Paraguay Category:Languages of Peru Category:Languages of the Philippines Category:Languages of the United States Category:Languages of Uruguay Category:Languages of Venezuela Category:Languages of South America Category:SVO languages

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birth name	Thomas Jeffrey Hanks
birth date	July 09, 1956
birth place	Concord, California, U.S.
years active	1979–present
occupation	Actor, producer, director, voice over artist, writer, speaker
spouse	Samantha Lewes(m. 1978–1987; divorced)Rita Wilson (m. 1988–present)
children	Colin, Elizabeth, Chester, Truman }}

Thomas Jeffrey "Tom" Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor, producer, writer, and director. Hanks worked in television and family-friendly comedies, gaining wide notice in 1988's ''Big'', before achieving success as a dramatic actor in several notable roles, including Andrew Beckett in ''Philadelphia'', the title role in ''Forrest Gump'', Commander Jim Lovell in ''Apollo 13'', Captain John H. Miller in ''Saving Private Ryan'', Joe Fox in ''You've Got Mail'', Chuck Noland in ''Cast Away'', and voicing the character Woody in the ''Toy Story series''. Hanks won consecutive Best Actor Academy Awards, in 1993 for ''Philadelphia'' and in 1994 for ''Forrest Gump''. U.S. domestic box office totals for his films exceed US$4.0 billion. He is the father of actor Colin Hanks.

Early life

Hanks was born in Concord, California. His father, Amos Mefford Hanks (born in Glenn County, California, on March 9, 1924 – died in Alameda, California, on January 31, 1992), an itinerant cook, was a distant relative of President Abraham Lincoln (through Lincoln's mother, Nancy Hanks). His mother, Janet Marylyn (née Frager; born in Alameda County, California, on January 18, 1932), was a hospital worker. Hanks' mother is of Portuguese ancestry, while two of his paternal great-grandparents immigrated from Britain. Hanks's parents divorced in 1960. The family's three oldest children, Sandra (now Sandra Hanks Benoiton, a writer), Larry (now Lawrence M. Hanks, PhD, an entomology professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim, now an actor and film maker, remained with his mother in Red Bluff, California. Afterwards, both parents remarried. Hanks's first stepmother came to the marriage with five children of her own. Hanks once told ''Rolling Stone'': "Everybody in my family likes each other. But there were always about 50 people at the house. I didn't exactly feel like an outsider, but I was sort of outside it." That marriage ended in divorce after two years.

In addition to having a family history of Catholicism and Mormonism, Hanks was a "Bible-toting evangelical teenager" for several years. In school, Hanks was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling ''Rolling Stone'' magazine: "I was a geek, a spaz. I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy who'd yell out funny captions during filmstrips. But I didn't get into trouble. I was always a real good kid and pretty responsible." In 1965, Amos Hanks married Frances Wong, a San Francisco native of Chinese descent. Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Tom during his high school years. Hanks acted in school plays, including ''South Pacific'', while attending Skyline High School in Oakland, California.

Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California, and after two years, transferred to California State University, Sacramento. Hanks told ''The New York Times'': "Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of time going to plays. I wouldn't take dates with me. I'd just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat, and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Bertolt Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Henrik Ibsen, and all that, and now look at me, acting is my job. I wouldn't have it any other way."

During his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio. At Dowling's suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the Festival. His internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, all of which caused Hanks to drop out of college. During the same time, Hanks won the Cleveland Critics Circle Award for Best Actor for his 1978 performance as Proteus in Shakespeare's ''The Two Gentlemen of Verona'', one of the few times he played a villain.

Career

Early career

In 1979, Hanks moved to New York City, where he made his film debut in the low-budget slasher film ''He Knows You're Alone'' (1980) and got a part in the television movie ''Mazes and Monsters''. Early in 1979, Hanks was cast in the lead role of Callimaco in the Riverside Shakespeare Company's production of Niccolò Machiavelli's ''The Mandrake'', directed by Daniel Southern. This remains Hanks's only New York stage performance to date; as a high profile Off Off Broadway showcase, the production helped Tom land an agent, Joe Ohla with the J. Michael Bloom Agency. The next year, Hanks landed a lead role on the ABC television pilot of ''Bosom Buddies'', playing the role of Kip Wilson. Hanks moved to Los Angeles, where he and Peter Scolari played a pair of young advertising men forced to dress as women so they could live in an inexpensive all-female hotel. Hanks had previously partnered with Scolari in the 1970s game show ''Make Me Laugh''. ''Bosom Buddies'' ran for two seasons, and, although the ratings were never strong, television critics gave the program high marks. "The first day I saw him on the set," co-producer Ian Praiser told ''Rolling Stone'', "I thought, 'Too bad he won't be in television for long.' I knew he'd be a movie star in two years." But if Praiser knew it, he was not able to convince Hanks. "The television show had come out of nowhere," best friend Tom Lizzio told ''Rolling Stone''. "Then out of nowhere it got canceled. He figured he'd be back to pulling ropes and hanging lights in a theater."

''Bosom Buddies'' and a guest appearance on a 1982 episode of ''Happy Days'' ("A Case of Revenge," where he played a disgruntled former classmate of The Fonz) prompted director Ron Howard to contact Hanks. Howard was working on ''Splash'' (1984), a romantic comedy fantasy about a mermaid who falls in love with a human. At first, Howard considered Hanks for the role of the main character's wisecracking brother, a role that eventually went to John Candy. Instead, Hanks got the lead role and a career boost from ''Splash'', which went on to become a box office hit, grossing more than US$69 million. He also had a sizable hit with the sex comedy ''Bachelor Party'', also in 1984.

In 1983–84, Hanks made three guest appearances on ''Family Ties'' as Elyse Keaton's alcoholic brother, Ned Donnelly.

Period of successes and failures

With ''Nothing in Common'' (1986) – about a young man alienated from his parents who must re-establish a relationship with his father, played by Jackie Gleason – Hanks began to establish the credentials of not only a comic actor but of someone who could carry a serious role. "It changed my desires about working in movies," Hanks told ''Rolling Stone''. "Part of it was the nature of the material, what we were trying to say. But besides that, it focused on people's relationships. The story was about a guy and his father, unlike, say, ''The Money Pit'', where the story is really about a guy and his house."

After a few more flops and a moderate success with ''Dragnet'', Hanks succeeded with the film ''Big'' (1988), both at the box office and within the industry. The film established Hanks as a major Hollywood talent. It was followed later that year by ''Punchline'', in which he and Sally Field co-starred as struggling comedians. Hanks's character, Steven Gold, a failing medical student trying to break into stand-up, was somewhat edgy and complex. Hanks' portrayal of Gold offered a glimpse of the far more dramatic roles Hanks would master in films to come. Hanks then suffered a pile of box-office failures: ''The 'Burbs'' (1989), ''Joe Versus the Volcano'' (1990), and ''The Bonfire of the Vanities'' (1990), as a greedy Wall Street type who gets enmeshed in a hit-and-run accident. Only the 1989 movie ''Turner & Hooch'' brought success for Hanks during this time. In a 1993 issue of ''Disney Adventures'', Hanks said, "I saw ''Turner & Hooch'' the other day in the SAC store and couldn't help but be reminiscent. I cried like a baby." He did admit to making a couple of "bum tickers," however, and blamed his "...deductive reasoning and decision making skills."

Progression into dramatic roles

Hanks climbed back to the top again with his portrayal of a washed-up baseball star turned manager in ''A League of Their Own'' (1992). Hanks has admitted that his acting in earlier roles was not great and that he has improved. In an interview with ''Vanity Fair'', Hanks noted his ''"modern era of moviemaking ... because enough self-discovery has gone on.... My work has become less pretentiously fake and over the top"''. This "modern era" began in 1993 for Hanks, first with ''Sleepless in Seattle'' and then with ''Philadelphia''. The former was a blockbuster success about a widower who finds true love over the airwaves. Richard Schickel of ''TIME'' called his performance "charming," and most critics agreed that Hanks' portrayal ensured him a place among the premier romantic-comedy stars of his generation.

In ''Philadelphia'', he played a gay lawyer with AIDS who sues his firm for discrimination. Hanks lost thirty-five pounds and thinned his hair in order to appear sickly for the role. In a review for ''People'', Leah Rozen stated "Above all, credit for ''Philadelphia'''s success belongs to Hanks, who makes sure that he plays a character, not a saint. He is flat-out terrific, giving a deeply felt, carefully nuanced performance that deserves an Oscar." Hanks won the 1993 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in ''Philadelphia''. During his acceptance speech he revealed that his high school drama teacher Rawley Farnsworth and former classmate John Gilkerson, two people with whom he was close, were gay.

Hanks followed ''Philadelphia'' with the 1994 summer hit ''Forrest Gump''. Of the film, Hanks has remarked: "When I read the script for ''Gump'', I saw it as one of those kind of grand, hopeful movies that the audience can go to and feel ... some hope for their lot and their position in life... I got that from the movies a hundred million times when I was a kid. I still do." Hanks won his second Best Actor Academy Award for his role in ''Forrest Gump'', becoming only the second actor to have accomplished the feat of winning consecutive Best Actor Oscars. (Spencer Tracy was the first, winning in 1937–38. Hanks and Tracy were the same age at the time they received their Academy Awards: 37 for the first and 38 for the second.)

Hanks' next role—astronaut and commander Jim Lovell, in the 1995 movie ''Apollo 13''--reunited him with Ron Howard. Critics generally applauded the film and the performances of the entire cast, which included actors Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris, and Kathleen Quinlan. The movie also earned nine Academy Award nominations, winning two. The same year, Hanks starred in the animated blockbuster ''Toy Story'' as the voice of the toy Sheriff Woody.

1996 – present: Directing, producing and acting

Hanks turned to directing with his 1996 film ''That Thing You Do!'' about a 1960s pop group, also playing the role of a music producer. Hanks and producer Gary Goetzman went on to create Playtone, a record and film production company named for the record company in the film.

Hanks executive produced, co-wrote, and co-directed the HBO docudrama ''From the Earth to the Moon''. The twelve-part series chronicles the space program from its inception, through the familiar flights of Neil Armstrong and Jim Lovell, to the personal feelings surrounding the reality of moon landings. The Emmy Award-winning project was, at US$68 million, one of the most expensive ventures taken for television.

Hanks's next project was no less expensive. For ''Saving Private Ryan'' he teamed up with Steven Spielberg to make a film about a search through war-torn France after D-Day to bring back a soldier. It earned the praise and respect of the film community, critics, and the general public. It was labeled one of the finest war films ever made and earned Spielberg his second Academy Award for direction, and Hanks another Best Actor nomination. Later in 1998, Hanks re-teamed with his ''Sleepless in Seattle'' co-star Meg Ryan for ''You've Got Mail'', a remake of 1940's ''The Shop Around the Corner''.

In 1999, Hanks starred in an adaptation of the Stephen King novel ''The Green Mile''. He also returned as the voice of Woody in ''Toy Story 2.'' The following year he won a Golden Globe for Best Actor and an Academy Award nomination for his portrayal of a marooned FedEx systems analyst in Robert Zemeckis's ''Cast Away''. In 2001, Hanks helped direct and produce the acclaimed HBO mini-series ''Band of Brothers''. He also appeared in the September 11 television special ''America: A Tribute to Heroes'' and the documentary ''Rescued From the Closet''.

Next he teamed up with ''American Beauty'' director Sam Mendes for the adaptation of Max Allan Collins's and Richard Piers Rayner's graphic novel ''Road to Perdition'', in which he played an anti-hero role as a hitman on the run with his son. That same year, Hanks collaborated with director Spielberg again, starring opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in the hit crime comedy ''Catch Me if You Can'', based on the true story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. The same year, Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson produced the hit movie ''My Big Fat Greek Wedding''. In August 2007, he along with co-producers Rita Wilson and Gary Goetzman, and writer and star Nia Vardalos, initiated a legal action against the production company Gold Circle Films for their share of profits from the movie. At the age of 45, he became the youngest ever recipient of the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award on June 12, 2002.

In 2004, he appeared in three films: The Coen Brothers' ''The Ladykillers'', another Spielberg film, ''The Terminal'', and ''The Polar Express'', a family film from Robert Zemeckis. In a ''USA Weekend'' interview, Hanks talked about how he chooses projects: "[Since] ''A League of Their Own'', it can't be just another movie for me. It has to get me going somehow.... There has to be some all-encompassing desire or feeling about wanting to do that particular movie. I'd like to assume that I'm willing to go down any avenue in order to do it right". In August 2005, Hanks was voted in as vice president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Hanks next starred in the highly anticipated film ''The Da Vinci Code'', based on the bestselling novel by Dan Brown. The film was released May 19, 2006 in the US and grossed over US$750 million worldwide. He followed the film with Ken Burns's 2007 documentary ''The War''. For the documentary, Hanks did voice work, reading excerpts from World War II-era columns by Al McIntosh. In 2006, Hanks topped a 1,500-strong list of 'most trusted celebrities' compiled by ''Forbes'' magazine. Hanks next appeared in a cameo role as himself in ''The Simpsons Movie'', in which he appeared in an advertisement claiming that the US government has lost its credibility and is hence buying some of his. He also made an appearance in the credits, expressing a desire to be left alone when he is out in public. Later in 2006, Hanks produced the British film ''Starter for Ten'', a comedy based on working class students attempting to win ''University Challenge''.

In 2007, Hanks starred in Mike Nichols's film ''Charlie Wilson's War'' (written by screenwriter Aaron Sorkin) in which he plays Democratic Texas Congressman Charles Wilson. The film opened on December 21, 2007, and Hanks received a Golden Globe nomination.

In 2008's ''The Great Buck Howard'', Hanks played the on-screen father of a young man (Hanks' real-life son, Colin Hanks) who chooses to follow in the footsteps of a fading magician (John Malkovich). Tom Hanks's character was less than thrilled about his son's career decision.

Hanks's next endeavor, released on May 15, 2009, was a film adaptation of ''Angels & Demons'', based on the novel of the same name by Dan Brown. Its April 11, 2007, announcement revealed that Hanks would reprise his role as Robert Langdon, and that he would reportedly receive the highest salary ever for an actor. The following day he made his 10th appearance on NBC's ''Saturday Night Live'', impersonating himself for the ''Celebrity Jeopardy'' sketch.

Hanks is producer of the Spike Jonze film ''Where The Wild Things Are'', based on the children's book by Maurice Sendak.

In 2010, Hanks reprised his role as Sheriff Woody in the third film in the Toy Story franchise, ''Toy Story 3'', after he, Tim Allen, and John Ratzenberger were invited to a movie theater to see a complete story reel of the movie.

In 2011, he directed and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the title role in the romantic comedy ''Larry Crowne''. The movie has received generally bad reviews with only 35% of the 175 Rotten Tomatoes reviews giving it high ratings.

Hanks is ranked the highest all time box office star with over $3.639 billion total box office gross, an average of $107 million per film. He has been involved with seventeen films that grossed over $100 million at the worldwide box office, the highest grossing of which was 2010's ''Toy Story 3''.

Personal life

Hanks was married to American actress Samantha Lewes (née Susan Jane Dillingham) from 1978 to 1987. The couple had two children, son Colin Hanks (also an actor) and daughter Elizabeth Ann.

In 1988, Hanks married actress Rita Wilson. The two first met on the set of Hanks's television show ''Bosom Buddies'' but later developed a romantic interest while working on the film ''Volunteers''. They have two sons: Chester, or "Chet" (who has a small part as a student in ''Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull'' and released a rap single in 2011), and Truman.

Hanks became a grandfather when his son Colin and daughter-in-law Samantha gave birth to granddaughter Olivia Jane Hanks on February 1, 2011.

Regarding his religious views, Hanks has said, "I must say that when I go to church – and I do go to church – I ponder the mystery. I meditate on the 'why?' of 'Why people are as they are' and 'Why bad things happen to good people,' and 'Why good things happen to bad people'... The mystery is what I think it is, almost, the grand unifying theory of mankind."

Politics

Hanks has made donations to many Democratic politicians and has been open about his support for same-sex marriage, environmental causes and alternative fuels. Hanks made public his presidential candidate choice in the 2008 election when he uploaded a video to his MySpace account in which he announced his endorsement of Barack Obama.

A proponent of environmentalism, Hanks is an investor in electric vehicles and owns both a Toyota RAV4 EV and the first production AC Propulsion eBox. Hanks was a lessee of an EV1 before it was recalled, as chronicled in the documentary ''Who Killed the Electric Car?'' He is on the waiting list for an Aptera 2 Series.

Hanks was extremely outspoken about his opposition to Proposition 8, an amendment to the California constitution that defined marriage as a union only between a man and a woman. Hanks and others who were in opposition to the proposition raised over US$44 million in contrast to the supporters' $39 million, but Proposition 8 passed with 52% of the vote.

While premiering a TV series in January 2009, Hanks called supporters of Proposition 8 "un-American" and attacked the LDS (Mormon) church members, who were major proponents of the bill, for their views on marriage and their role in supporting the bill. About a week later, Hanks apologized for the remark, saying that nothing is more American than voting one's conscience.

Other activities

A supporter of NASA's manned space program, Hanks has said that he originally wanted to be an astronaut but "didn't have the math." Hanks is a member of the National Space Society, serving on the Board of Governors of the nonprofit educational space advocacy organization founded by Dr. Wernher Von Braun. He also produced the HBO miniseries ''From the Earth to the Moon'' about the Apollo program to send astronauts to the moon. In addition, Hanks co-wrote and co-produced ''Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D'', an IMAX film about the moon landings. Hanks also provided the voice over for the premiere of the show ''Passport to the Universe'' at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.

In 2006, the Space Foundation awarded Hanks the Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award. The award is given annually to an individual or organization that has made significant contributions to public awareness of space programs.

In June 2006 Hanks was inducted as an honorary member of the United States Army Rangers Hall of Fame for his accurate portrayal of a Captain in the movie ''Saving Private Ryan''; Hanks, who was unable to attend the induction ceremony, was the first actor to receive such an honor. In addition to his role in ''Saving Private Ryan'', Hanks was cited for serving as the national spokesperson for the World War II Memorial Campaign, for being the honorary chairperson of the D-Day Museum Capital Campaign, and for his role in writing and helping to produce the Emmy Award-winning miniseries, ''Band of Brothers''.

Hanks is one of several celebrities who frequently participates in planned comedy bits on Conan O'Brien's talk shows, including ''Late Night'', ''The Tonight Show'', and ''Conan'' while a guest. On one visit, Hanks asked Conan to join his run for president on the "Bad Haircut Party" ticket, with confetti and balloons and a hand held sign with the slogan "You'd be stupid to vote for us". On another episode, O'Brien, noting that Hanks was missing Christmas on his promotional tour, brought the season to him, including a gift (the skeleton of Hooch), and a mass of snow burying them both. On yet another episode, Conan gave Hanks a painting he had commissioned reflecting two of his interests: Astronauts landing on the beach at Normandy. On March 10, 2008, Hanks was on hand at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame to induct sixties band The Dave Clark Five. Asteroid 12818 Tomhanks is named for him.

Filmography

+ List of film credits
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1980	''He Knows You're Alone''	Elliot
1982	''Mazes and Monsters''	Robbie Wheeling	Made for television
1984		Allen Bauer
1984		Rick Gassko
1985	''''	Richard Harlan Drew
1985		Lawrence Whatley Bourne III
1986	''''	Walter Fielding, Jr.
1986	''Nothing in Common''	David Basner
1986		David Bradley
1987		Pep Streebeck
1988	''Big''	Adult Josh Baskin
1988		Steven Gold
1989	''Turner & Hooch''	Detective Scott Turner
1989	''''	Ray Peterson
1990	''Joe Versus the Volcano''	Joe Banks
1990	''''	Sherman McCoy
1992	''''	Jimmy Dugan
1992		Older Mike	(uncredited)
1993	''Sleepless in Seattle''	Sam Baldwin
1993		Andrew Beckett
1994
1995		Jim Lovell
1995	''Toy Story''		(voice)
1996	''That Thing You Do!''	Mr. White	(writer and director)
1998	''Saving Private Ryan''	Captain John H. Miller
1998	''You've Got Mail''	Joe Fox
1999	''Toy Story 2''	Woody	(voice)
1999	''''	Paul Edgecomb
2000	''Cast Away''	Chuck Noland
2002	''Road to Perdition''	Michael Sullivan, Sr.
2002	''Catch Me If You Can''	FBI Agent Carl Hanratty
2004	''''	Viktor Navorski
2004	''''	Professor G.H. Dorr
2004		Mailbox Elvis	(cameo)
2004	''''
2006	''''
2006		Woody Car	(voice)
2007	''''	Himself	(voice)
2007	''Charlie Wilson's War''		Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
2008	''''	Mr. Gable
2008			(producer)
2009		Professor Robert Langdon
2009	''''	Various historical figures	(voice)
2009			(producer)
2010	''Toy Story 3''	Woody	|Nominated—IGN Movie Award for Best Ensemble Cast|Nominated—Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie|Nominated— Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor}}
2011	''Larry Crowne''	Larry Crowne	(director, producer, writer)
2011	''Hawaiian Vacation''	Woody	(voice)
2011		Thomas Schell Jr.
2012		Dr. Henry Goose	filming

+ List of television credits
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1980	''''	Rick Martin	TV series, episode: "Friends and Lovers/Sergeant Bull/Miss Mother"
1980–1982	''Bosom Buddies''	Kip Wilson
1982		Gordon
1982	''Mazes and Monsters''	Robbie Wheeling
1982	''Happy Days''	Dr. Dwayne Twitchell	TV series, episode: "A Case of Revenge"
1983	''Family Ties''	Ned	Elyse Keaton's brother
1994	''Vault of Horror I''	Director
1998		Narrator (also executive producer/director/writer)	Miniseries
2001		Producer, director, writer	Miniseries
2002	''''	Interviewee
2006–2011	''Big Love''	Executive producer	TV series
2008		Executive producer	Miniseries
2010	''''	Executive producer/Narrator	Miniseries
2011	''Saturday Night Live''	Guest cast member

Other accolades

+ List of accolades and awards won
! Organization	! Year	! Award
Hollywood Women's Press Club	1988	Golden Apple Award
Hasty Pudding Theatricals	1995
American Film Institute	2002	AFI Life Achievement Award
Hollywood Film Festival	2002	Actor of the Year
	2004	Britannia Award for Excellence in Film
	2004	Bambi for Film – International
Film Society of Lincoln Center	2009	Gala Tribute

References

Further reading

Gardner, David, ''Tom Hanks: The Unauthorized Biography'', London, England 1999

Gardner, David, ''Tom Hanks: Enigma'' 2007

Pfeiffer, Lee, ''The Films of Tom Hanks'', Secaucus, New Jersey, 1996

Salamon, Julie, ''The Devil's Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood'', Boston, 1991

Trakin, Roy, ''Tom Hanks: Journey to Stardom'', 1987; rev. ed.1995

Wallner, Rosemary, ''Tom Hanks: Academy Award-Winning Actor'', Edina, Minnesota, 1994

External links

Tom Hanks' Facebook Page

Tom Hanks's thoughts on Earth Day 2006

Interview from 1989 issue of ''Film Comment''

Tom Hanks's films of the 1980s

Category:1956 births Category:Actors from California Category:American film actors Category:American film directors Category:American people of Portuguese descent Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Actor Empire Award winners Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:California Democrats Category:California State University, Sacramento alumni Category:Living people Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:People from Concord, California Category:People from Oakland, California Category:Saturn Award winners Category:Space advocacy

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name	David Bisbal
background	solo_singer
birth name	David Bisbal Ferre
born	June 05, 1979 in Almería, Spain
origin	Almería, Spain
instrument	Vocals
genre	Latin pop, pop
occupation	Singer, songwriter
years active	2001–present
label	Signature Records, Wrasse Records (UK)
website	http://www.davidbisbal.com/ }}

David Bisbal Ferré (born in Almería, Spain on June 5, 1979) is a Grammy-winning Spanish pop singer. He gained his initial fame as a runner up on the interactive reality television show ''Operación Triunfo'' produced by TJ Hall.

He has since released four studio albums, all of which topped the Spanish Albums Chart, in addition to recording a number of live albums. He's toured throughout Europe and Latin America and is now considered to be a crossover international artist.

Until 2008, David Bisbal has sold more than 5 million records in Spain and America, getting 30 Platinum albums, 15 gold and 2 diamond. 'Corazón Latino' and 'Bulería' treasure each one IFPI Platinum Award, official certification for selling over 1 million copies across Europe. David Bisbal offered three world tours, offering a total of 300 concerts.

Beginnings: ''Operación Triunfo''

David Bisbal left school early and worked in a platinum and flower nursery. He was encouraged by his colleagues to audition for a music contest and he initially became part of Orquesta Expresiones where he continued singing and dancing.

In October 2001 he auditioned for the first ever edition of Operación Triunfo (Spanish equivalent of Star Academy) where he was accepted and was one of the 16 finalists. The grand prize was the chance of representing Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest. He came second in the final losing to Rosa López. She went on to sing Europe's Living a Celebration for Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002 (ESC) competition.

Career

Bisbal signed a contract with Vale Music Record label and released his first album recorded in Miami under the title ''"Corazón Latino"'' with Kike Santander. The album became 7 times platinum by summer 2002 after having topped the Spanish charts. The first from the album, called ''Ave Maria'' had a phenomenal success. After winning the Latin Grammys, the album became platinum (over 1 million sales).

In February 2004, he released his second album entitled ''"Bulería"'' again produced by his friend Kike Santander. It found similar success in Spain and throughout Latin America turning diamond with more than 1 million albums sold in Spain alone, becoming the best Spanish seller of 2004.

In March 2005, he also released a DVD ''"Todo Por Ustedes"'' that contained live registrations of some of his concerts in the United States, Latin America and Spain.

''"Premonición"'' became the third studio album by David Bisbal released on 3 October 2006. By the end of its first week of release, it had achieved enough sales to be certified as 5 times platinum with sales over 400,000 copies in Spain alone.

On October 20, 2009, Bisbal released ''Sin Mirar Atrás'', receiving positive reviews On the track "Aqui Ahora", which is features on the album ''Premonicion'', David worked with writer/producer DJ Sammy.

Youth and early

David Bisbal was born on June 5, 1979 in Almería ( Spain ), son of José Bisbal, a professional boxer and part of a trio of flamenco music, and Maria Ferre. He is the youngest of three siblings, a brother named José María and a sister named María del Mar. He loved to perform in public. During his childhood as a child showed a talent for performing, but was always very shy about doing so. He dropped out of school in third year of school(ninth year), and his father took him to work for Ranger (Gardener) at the municipal nursery in Almeria, which was his first job. Years later he met the producer of the Orchestra Expressions, who discovered David singing, and after listening to and discovering his vocal quality, offered him employment as the main voice of the orchestra. David began working there in the Orchestra Expressions, a band very popular Almeria. He gradually began to develop as a singer, and to discover his passion for music. Having been in the orchestra, David went to the auditions for Pop Idol, in Barcelona , Spain. In 2001 , he was one of 16 contestants from the first Spanish edition of ' Idol 'contest designed to choose the representative for the festival' Eurovision 'of that year. Finally he came in second place to Rosa Lopez . Bisbal also performed at Eurovision with Rosa Lopez, David Bustamante, Chenoa, Gisela and Geno, in the chorus.

2002-2003: international launch debut album

Once completed Idol , signed a contract with Vale Music company that offered the opportunity to record his first solo debut album. This one, entitled Heart Latino , was released in summer 2002 , recorded in Miami with production Kike Santander . The album reached number one in its first week to debut sold over 600,000 copies, breaking sales records, disk was maintained for seven consecutive weeks at number one on the charts in Spain . With more than 900,000 copies sold in Spain , Bisbal was released to the Spanish-speaking countries, to promote his debut album, the disc would be released on October 15 . In 2003 , in January Bisbal friend picked up the award in January in Madrid's Palacio de Cristal de la Arganzuela. On October 31 he began his first tour in America, in Argentina , where he visited 12 countries and 17 live concerts. In November it went on sale in Mexico a special edition of "Corazón Latino".

2004-2005: Bulería, the second million

On 7 January premiered the first single from their second album "Buleria" which reached number 656 in the charts and radio stations of Spain and America . On February 11 was released Bulería the same name as the first single. The album debuted at number on the charts in Spain where he sold over 300,000 copies in a week, also reached in two weeks to get disc gold in Colombia and Venezuela . In November he set foot on Germany to promote the duo with singer Joana Zimmer , a duet with the song 'Let's make history', days after submitting the video to Joana Zimmer , David also appeared at the gala 'tribute to Rocío Jurado', singing with the singer.

2006-2008: The Gift and his time in Europe and Japan

His first single was made ​​in August entitled 'Who was going to say', got to be number one in the charts and radio stations of Spain and America . On October 3 he released his third album called "Premonition", "reached number one on his debut, where he achieved five platinum albums, more than 900,000 copies distributed. On October 24 he performed in Strasbourg , the seat of European Parliament in Strasbourg where he gave an exclusive concert, in which he played the songs from his album, to representatives of 25 member countries. The album was kept for 1 month at number one on the Spanish list. The singer won the Ondas Awards held at the Musical Theatre of Barcelona , at the 53 th Gala Awards and the Golden Microphone in the music category. In 2007 , in January , his second single 'silenced' comnsecutivas stayed for eight weeks at number one in the top 40, In 2008 , Bisbal sang a duet with Rihanna in the song 'Hate That I Love You' which includes the reissue of the album 'Good girl, gone bad'.

2009-present: No looking back

In summer, the singer gave several concerts by some countries in Europe. Bisbal while he was putting the finishing touches on this new album called Do not look back . The first single from the album, entitled "Slave kisses" under the production of Mexican Armando Avila. Its world premiere was on August 24 and the video came out on 7 September . Has been one of the most successful singles David throughout his career, reaching number 1 in sales and radio in Spain, USA and Latin America. On January 9, 2010 Promusicae announced that the single slave to his kisses and was double platinum by its more than 80,000 copies sold in Spain and platinum in Argentina for more than 20,000 copies sold. Their second single was "My Princess." The song "24 Hours" made ​​by Espinoza Paz Mexico, the third single in the U.S. and Latin America, was presented at the Billboard Awards Gala 2010, while in Spain the single was "Do not look back", a song that gives title track. now makes a guest appearance on the soap opera that money to us part . On November 14, 2010 he was presented in the United States Gold Disc for sales of his album Do not look back in USA and Puerto Rico.

2010-present: Heirs

Well as Ricardo Montaner musicalized the phenomenon Valiant (The Thirteen) last year, and as bastard also opted for a foreigner (Carlos Matari) for curtain, soap opera will come to another international star as the voice of openness. The Spanish David Bisbal sing especially for Heirs of revenge. "Kabbalah?

The recorded history that began last week and will star Luciano Castro Romina Gaetani and have as a backdrop to the track named heirs. The authors are the very Bisbal, more Sebastian Bazan and Karen Oliver. The footage was filmed in Puerto Madero. It was in October, during the tour de Almería man held by Argentina. Famous after participating in the reality Operación triunfo (Spanish version) and its hit Bulería, drew up now as a ballad Bisbal true to form. The musical direction was by Nicolas Repetto-care, Nico is not the driver, and the production is Metronome Music.

The love story will pass in Vidisterra, people (fictional) famous for its vineyards, which Mercedes (Gaetani) and Antonio (Castro) will burn with passion, promise, devastating.

International Appeal

internationally David Bisbal enjoys popularity in a great number of countries.

On September 3, 2003, he won the Latin Grammies held in Miami from the category "Best New Artist". During the event, He sang ''Angels'', with Jessica Simpson. He also launched a big promotional tour in Latin America with sold-out concerts Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and others. In 2008, he recorded ''Hate That I Love You'' (''Odio Amarte''), a Spanglish version with Rihanna. He achieved European success in England, Germany, Belgium, Russia and Romania in addition to great success in Japan.

In 2009, he recorded "Sufriras" a Spanglish duet with singer Pixie Lott, eventually released as a bonus track on the Deluxe Edition of his fourth studio album, Sin Mirar Atrás.

In 2010 David was featured in the Spanish version of the FIFA 2010 Official World Cup song Waving Flag with Somali-Canadian Musician K'naan who is the original artist of the song.

In 2011 David recorded a song for the tv series "Herederos" in Argentina. The song is called "Herederos" and David has sold over 300,000 copies of the cd "Sin Mirar Atrás Tour" in Argentina.

Discography

All discography information obtained from the David Bisbal Official Website

Albums

Year	Title	Chart positions					Sales and Certification
		SPA	US Latin	GER	SWI	AUT
2002	''Corazón Latino''	*1st Studio Album	*Released: June 5, 2002 (Spain), October 15, 2002 (United States, Latin America)	*Formats: CD						Worldwide sales: 1,700,000Spain sales: 1,300,000PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 13x Platinum
2004	''Bulería''	*2nd Studio Album	*Released: February 10, 2004 (Spain, United States, Latin America)	*Formats: CD						Worldwide sales: 1,300,000Spain sales: 1,000,000PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 10x Platinum
2005	''Todo Por Ustedes''	*1st Live Album	*Released: March 29, 2005 (Spain), May 24, 2005 (United States, Latin America)	*Formats: 2 DVDs + CD						Worldwide sales: 100,000Spain sales: 75,000PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 1x Gold
		*1st Greatest Hits Album	*Released: April 4, 2006 (Worldwide)	*Formats: CD						Worldwide sales: 150,000 Spain sales: 40,000PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: ---
''Premonición''	*3rd Studio Album	*Released: October 3, 2006 (Worldwide)	*Formats: CD						Worldwide sales: 950,000Spain sales: 400,000PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 5x Platinum
2007	''Premonición Live''	*2nd Live Album	*Released: November 25, 2007 (Worldwide)	*Formats: 2 DVDs + 2CDs						Worldwide sales: 100,000 Spain sales: 40,000PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 1x Gold
2009	''Sin Mirar Atrás''	*4th Studio Album	*Released: October 20, 2009 (Worldwide)	*Formats: CD						Worldwide sales: 550,000+ Spain sales: 200,000+ PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 3x Platinum

Singles

{|class="wikitable" |- ! rowspan="2"| Year ! rowspan="2"| Title ! rowspan="2"| Album ! colspan="11"|Chart positions |- ! width="20"| SPA ! width="20"| US Latin ! width="20"| GER ! width="20"| FRA ! width="20"| SWI ! width="20"| AUT ! width="20"| ARG ! width="20"| CHIL ! width="20"| IA ! width="20"| MEX ! width="20"| COL |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |rowspan="4"|2002 |"Corazón Latino" |rowspan="6"|''Corazón Latino'' |align="center"|Promo |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Ave María" |align="center"|1 |align="center"| |align="center"|8 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|12 |align="center"|7 |align="center"|18 |align="center"|29 |align="center"|24 |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Lloraré Las Penas" |align="center"|1 |align="center"|3 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|10 |align="center"|17 |align="center"| |align="center"|25 |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Dígale" |align="center"|1 |align="center"|15 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|5 |align="center"| |align="center"|17 |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |rowspan="3"|2003 |"Quiero Perderme En Tu Cuerpo" |align="center"|24 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Cómo Será" |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Rosa y Espinas" (with David Civera) |''La Chiqui Big Band'' |align="center"|1 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |rowspan="4"|2004 |"Bulería" |rowspan="7"|''Bulería'' |align="center"|1 |align="center"|11 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|6 |align="center"| |align="center"|4 |align="center"|15 |align="center"|9 |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Oye El Boom" |align="center"|1 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|5 |align="center"| |align="center"|7 |align="center"|17 |align="center"|13 |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" ||"Desnúdate Mujer" |align="center"| |align="center"|6 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|16 |align="center"| |align="center"|24 |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Camina Y Ven" |align="center"|1 |align="center"|40 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |rowspan="4"|2005 |"Me Derrumbo" |align="center"|5 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Cómo Olvidar" |align="center"|1 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Esta Ausencia" |align="center"| |align="center"|7 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|18 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|13 |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Todo Por Ustedes" |''Todo Por Ustedes'' |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |rowspan="4"|2006 |"Let’s Make History" (with Joana Zimmer) |''David Bisbal'' |align="center"|5 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|48 |align="center"|23 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Quien Me Iba A Decir" |rowspan="6"|''Premonición'' |align="center"|1 |align="center"|1 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|1 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|3 |align="center"|33 |align="center"|13 |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Silencio" |align="center"|1 |align="center"|32 |align="center"|13 |align="center"| |align="center"|10 |align="center"|6 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|62 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Soldado De Papel" (with Tomatito) |align="center"|Promo |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |rowspan="3"|2007 |"Amar Es Lo Que Quiero" |align="center"| |align="center"|6 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|23* |align="center"|24* |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Torre De Babel" (with Vicente Amigo & Wisin & Yandel) |align="center"|1 |align="center"|10 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Premonición" |align="center"|6 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |2008 |"Hate That I Love You (Spanglish version)" (with Rihanna) |''Premonición Live'' |align="center"|2 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|2 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|13 |align="center"|26 |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |rowspan="2"|2009 |"Esclavo de Sus Besos" |rowspan="2"|''Sin Mirar Atrás'' |align="center"|1 |align="center"|1 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|1 |align="center"|10 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|1 |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Mi Princesa" |align="center"|1 |align="center"|35 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|34 |align="center"|12 |align="center"|90 |align="center"|1 |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |rowspan="3"|2010 |"Wavin' Flag (Coca Cola Spanish Celebration Mix) (with K'Naan) |''Single-only release'' |align="center"|2 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|2 |align="center"|4 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|1 |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"Sin Mirar Atrás" |rowspan="2"|''Sin Mirar Atrás''(''and 24 Horas edition'') |align="center"|42 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|17 |align="center"|76 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |"24 horas" |align="center"| |align="center"|27 |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"| |align="center"|8 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- bgcolor="#F0F8FF" |}

Notes

External links

David Bisbal on Twitter

Official Website

David Bisbal Fans

Comunidad Gyggs

Portal Mix Fan Site

David's UK Label

Concerts, News and Videoclips of Bisbal

Portal Mix David Bisbal Site

David Bisbal UK Site (in English)

MTV's David Bisbal Site

Interview with David Bisbal about his new album ''Premonición''

Dutch Fan Site

David Bisbal Spanish Fan Site

David Bisbal Browser

Official German Fanclub-David Bisbal-Siempre a tu lado

David Bisbal at Acceso Total Show

Category:1979 births Category:Living people Category:Latin pop singers Category:People from Almería Category:Andalusian musicians Category:Spanish pop singers Category:Spanish male singers Category:Spanish-language singers Category:Star Academy participants Category:Latin Grammy Award winners Category:World Music Awards winners

bg:Давид Бисбал ca:David Bisbal de:David Bisbal es:David Bisbal eo:David Bisbal eu:David Bisbal fr:David Bisbal gl:David Bisbal hr:David Bisbal id:David Bisbal it:David Bisbal he:דויד ביסבל hu:David Bisbal mk:Давид Бисбал nl:David Bisbal ja:ダビッド・ビスバル no:David Bisbal pt:David Bisbal ro:David Bisbal ru:Бисбаль, Давид sr:Давид Бисбал fi:David Bisbal tr:David Bisbal

name	Gwyneth Paltrow
birth name	Gwyneth Kate Paltrow
birth date	September 27, 1972
birth place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
occupation	Actress, singer, author
years active	1990–present
spouse
parents	Bruce Paltrow (deceased)Blythe Danner
relatives	Jake Paltrow (brother)Katherine Moennig (cousin)
children	2 }}

Gwyneth Kate Paltrow (; born September 27, 1972) is an American actress and singer. She made her acting debut on stage in 1990 and started appearing in films in 1991. After appearing in several films throughout the decade, Paltrow gained early notice for her work in films such as ''Se7en'' (1995) and ''Emma'' (1996) (in which she played the title role). Following the films, ''Sliding Doors'' (1998) and ''A Perfect Murder'' (1998), Paltrow garnered worldwide recognition through her performance in ''Shakespeare in Love'' (1998), for which she won an Academy Award for Best Actress, a Golden Globe Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards, for Outstanding Lead Actress and as a member of the Outstanding Cast.

Since then, Paltrow has portrayed supporting as well as lead roles in films such as ''The Talented Mr. Ripley'' (1999), ''Shallow Hal'' (2001), and ''Proof'' (2005), for which she earned a Golden Globe nomination as Best Actress in Motion Picture Drama. In 2008, she appeared in the highest grossing movie of her career, the superhero film ''Iron Man'' (2008), and then reprised her role as Pepper Potts in its sequel, ''Iron Man 2'' (2010). Paltrow also appeared in the television series, ''Glee'', and has been the face of Estée Lauder's Pleasures perfume since 2005. She is married to Chris Martin, the lead vocalist of Coldplay. They have two children together, Apple and Moses.

Early life

Paltrow was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of Blythe Danner, an actress, and Bruce Paltrow, a film and television director and producer. Her father was of Ashkenazi Russian Jewish descent, and her mother is a Quaker of Pennsylvania Dutch and more distant white Barbadian ancestry. Paltrow's paternal great-great-grandfather, whose surname was "Palterowicz", was a rabbi in Nowogród, Poland. Paltrow has a younger brother, Jake Paltrow, and is a half-cousin of actress Katherine Moennig, and a second cousin of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords (AZ-08).

Paltrow was raised in Santa Monica, where she attended Crossroads School, before moving and enrolling in The Spence School, a private girls' school in New York City. Later, she briefly studied art history at the University of California, Santa Barbara, before dropping out to act. She is an "adopted daughter" of Talavera de la Reina (Spain), where at 15 she spent a year as an exchange student and learned to speak Spanish.

Career

Early work, 1990–1996

After spending several summers watching her mother perform at the Williamstown Theatre Festival in Massachusetts, Paltrow made her professional stage debut there in 1990. Her film debut followed next year with ''Shout'' (1991), starring John Travolta, she was cast by Steven Spielberg in his film, ''Hook'' (1991), as the young Wendy Darling. Paltrow then had minor roles in ''Malice'' (1993) and ''Flesh and Bone'' (1993). She was next cast in a supporting role in ''Se7en'' (1995) alongside Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman, which earned her a Satellite Award nomination. In 1996, she played the title character in ''Emma'' to critical acclaim.

Worldwide recognition, 1998–2003

Paltrow appeared in several films throughout 1998, including ''Sliding Doors'' and the leading role in the film adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel, ''Great Expectations'' with Ethan Hawke, Robert De Niro, Anne Bancroft and Chris Cooper. Also in 1998 Paltrow appeared in two thrillers, ''Hush'' opposite Jessica Lange and ''A Perfect Murder'' inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's 1954 film, ''Dial M for Murder''. Paltrow appeared opposite Michael Douglas as Emily Taylor, based on Grace Kelly's character from the original film, though the film was met with mixed reviews.

In 1998, Paltrow starred in ''Shakespeare in Love'', portraying the fictional lover of William Shakespeare, played by Joseph Fiennes. The film earned more than US$100 million in box office receipts in the United States and Paltrow gained critical acclaim for her portrayal. ''Entertainment Weekly'' commented, "Best of all is Gwyneth Paltrow, who, at long last, has a movie to star in that's as radiant as she is." The ''New York Times'' summed up her turn as Viola as such: "Gwyneth Paltrow, in her first great, fully realized starring performance, makes a heroine so breathtaking that she seems utterly plausible as the playwright's guiding light." The award-winning ''Shakespeare in Love'' earned Paltrow the award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role from the Screen Actors Guild, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress and the Academy Award for Best Actress, among other honors. Her Pink Ralph Lauren dress worn at the 71st Academy Awards in collecting her Oscar was extremely popular and was credited for bringing pink back into fashion.

In 1999, Paltrow co-starred in ''The Talented Mr. Ripley'' alongside Jude Law, Matt Damon and Cate Blanchett which earned $80 million domestically and received positive reviews. She showcased her singing ability in 2000's ''Duets'', which was directed by her father and co-starred singer Huey Lewis. The same year, Paltrow co-starred with Ben Affleck in the romantic drama ''Bounce'' as Abby Janello. She was part of an ensemble cast, as Margot Tenenbaum, in ''The Royal Tenenbaums'' (2001). Also in 2001, she starred with Jack Black in the comedy ''Shallow Hal'', where she had to wear a specially designed 25 pound fatsuit and heavy make-up. The film was released to mixed reviews.

Recent work, 2004–present

Since the Oscar for ''Shakespeare in Love'', Paltrow's film success has been less noteworthy. She said she was unequipped for the pressure, leading to several bad movie choices, agreeing with peers who believe the win is, in some ways, a curse. During this time, Paltrow took a career hiatus to raise her family rarely appearing in films. In ''The Guardian'', she said she divided her career into movies for love and films for money: ''The Royal Tenenbaums'', ''Proof'', and ''Sylvia'' fell into the former category, while she did ''View from the Top'' and ''Shallow Hal'' for the latter. In 2004, she appeared in the science-fiction film, ''Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow'' opposite Jude Law. The same year, she was recognized as an outstanding woman in entertainment by Women in Film Los Angeles with the Crystal Award. In 2005, she appeared in the film ''Proof'' as the depressed daughter of a brilliant, eccentric mathematician. The movie is based on the play of the same name, in which Paltrow also played the same character at London's Donmar Warehouse in 2002. For her performance Paltrow earned her second Golden Globe nomination Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama. In 2006, she had small roles in ''Running With Scissors'' and ''Infamous'', in which she sang Cole Porter's "What Is This Thing Called Love?"

In 2008, she appeared in the superhero film ''Iron Man'' as Pepper Potts, Tony Stark's closest friend, budding love interest, and business partner. ''Iron Man'' man is Paltrow's highest-grossing film to date, earning more than $585,000,000 worldwide. Paltrow said she was hesitant to appear in a big-budget project but she was won over by Robert Downey Jr., the film's lead, and director Jon Favreau. She recalled a conversation with Downey, saying:

In 2010, Paltrow reprised her role in the sequel to ''Iron Man'', ''Iron Man 2''. Later in 2010, she appeared in the musical, ''Country Strong'', where she also recorded the song ''Country Strong'' for the films' soundtrack. The song was released to country radio in August 2010. At the 83rd Academy Awards, Paltrow performed the song "Coming Home" from the film which was nominated for Best Original Song. She also appeared in Fox's ''Glee'', as substitute teacher, Holly Holliday who fills in for Matthew Morrison's character when he falls ill. She sang "Nowadays" from the musical ''Chicago'' with Lea Michele, Cee Lo Green's "Forget You" and Gary Glitter's "Do You Wanna Touch Me (Oh Yeah)", plus a mash-up of "Singin' In the Rain" and Rihanna's "Umbrella" with Morrison, Mark Salling and Chris Colfer in the episode. She later performed "Forget You" with Cee-Lo Green himself and The Muppets at the 2011 Grammy Awards. She reprised her role later that season performing "Do You Wanna Touch Me (Oh Yeah)" by Gary Glitter, an acoustic version of "Landslide" by Fleetwood Mac and "Kiss" by Prince. Paltrow's upcoming film is the Steven Soderbergh thriller, ''Contagion'', in which she is part of an ensemble cast including Kate Winslet, Marion Cotillard and her ''The Talented Mr. Ripley'' co-stars, Matt Damon and Jude Law.

Other projects

Paltrow is a Save the Children artist ambassador, raising awareness about World Pneumonia Day. She is on the board of the Robin Hood Foundation, a charitable organization that works to alleviate poverty in New York City. In February 2009, Paltrow received a Grammy nomination for her reading of the classic bear books of author Bill Martin, Jr.

Paltrow had her singing debut in the 2000 film ''Duets'', in which she performed a cover version of Smokey Robinson's "Cruisin'". The song was released as a single. The song went to number one in Australia, while Paltrow's rendition of the Kim Carnes classic "Bette Davis Eyes" reached number three. In the 2006 film ''Infamous'', she sang "What Is This Thing Called Love". On September 27, 2006, Paltrow sang with rapper Jay-Z during his concert at Royal Albert Hall. She sang the chorus for "Song Cry", from the rapper's album ''Blueprint''. In an interview, she said she would be at the concert but not that she would perform. She was quoted as saying "I'm a Jay-Z fan. He's my best friend."

In May 2005, Paltrow became the face of Estée Lauder's Pleasures perfume. She appeared in Chicago on 17 August 2007, to sign bottles of the perfume, and on 8 July 2008, she promoted Lauder's Sensuous perfume in New York with the company's three other models. Estée Lauder donates a minimum of $500,000 of sales of items from the 'Pleasures Gwyneth Paltrow' collection to breast cancer research. In 2006, she became the face for Bean Pole International, a Korean fashion brand.

In October 2007, she signed for a PBS television series ''Spain... on the road Again'' with Mario Batali that showcases the food and culture of Spain. In September 2008, she launched a weekly lifestyle newsletter, Goop, encouraging readers to 'nourish the inner aspect'. The website's title is derived from the initials of her first and last names. Each week, the newsletter focuses on an action: Make, Go, Get, Do, Be, and See. It has been ridiculed by E-Online, ''Vanity Fair'', ''The Independent'', and the UK's ''Daily Mirror''.

Personal life

In her early '20s, Paltrow was engaged for six months to Brad Pitt, whom she dated from December 1994 to May 1997. The engagement was called off, according to Paltrow, because she wasn't ready for marriage and later felt responsible for hurting Pitt since she was "such a mess" during that time in her life. Paltrow has since said that as this was her first high-profile relationship with another celebrity, it taught her the need for public discretion about her romantic life; she told ''Biography'' magazine, "I said things about being in a relationship [with Brad Pitt] that felt wrong to me even as I was saying them."

Paltrow had an on-off three year relationship with Ben Affleck from 1997 to late 2000. They first dated from November 1997 to January 1999. Soon after their breakup, Paltrow convinced Affleck to work in the film ''Bounce'' with her; during the making of the film, which was shot in mid 1999, the couple started dating again and eventually broke up in October 2000. Paltrow has said that she stopped reading celebrity magazines in 1999.

In October 2002, Paltrow met Chris Martin of the British rock group Coldplay backstage three weeks after the death of her father Bruce Paltrow. They married on December 5, 2003 in a ceremony at a hotel in Southern California. On 14 May 2004, the couple had their first child, a girl named Apple Blythe Alison Martin. Paltrow explained the unusual first name on ''Oprah'', saying: "It sounded so sweet and it conjured such a lovely picture for me – you know, apples are so sweet and they're wholesome and it's biblical – and I just thought it sounded so lovely and … clean! And I just thought, 'Perfect!'" The child's godfathers are Simon Pegg and Martin's bandmate, Jonny Buckland.

Her second child, a boy named Moses Bruce Anthony Martin, was born on 8 April 2006, in New York City's Mount Sinai Hospital. Her son's first name was explained as the song, entitled "Moses", that her husband wrote for her before their wedding. Paltrow has stated that she cut down on work after becoming a mother. She has also said that she suffered from postpartum depression after the birth of her second child.

Paltrow was raised by a Jewish father and Christian mother. In comments she made in 2010 about her experience of being raised with both religions in her family, she stated that "It was such a nice way to grow up." She also added, "I don’t believe in religion. I believe in spirituality. Religion is the cause of all the problems in the world." In July, 2011, she stated that she now wants to raise her children in the Jewish faith. Her husband, and her children’s father, singer Chris Martin, has a Christian background. Paltrow discovered in 2011 that her father's family came from a long line of influential East European rabbis, and that inspired her to raise her daughter and son in a Jewish environment.

Controversial statements

In December 2006, Paltrow was reported on the Internet to have told ''Notícias Sábado'', the weekend magazine supplement of Portuguese newspaper ''Diário de Notícias'', that she thought British people were more civilized and intelligent than Americans. Paltrow denied making the statements attributed to her and told ''People'' magazine that she never gave an interview to a Portuguese publication, but instead had tried to say in Spanish, during a press conference, that Europe was an "older culture" and Americans "live to work". ''Diário de Notícias'' said in their 6 December 2006 edition that it had obtained the quotes from English-language articles that are still referenced online, though Paltrow has insisted that she was misquoted, declaring in 2007: "I love America, and I'm an American through and through."

Filmography

+ Film
Title	Year	Role	Notes
! scope="row"	1991	Rebecca
! scope="row"	1991
''Deadly Relations''	1993	Carol Ann Fagot
! scope="row"	1993	Paula Bell
! scope="row"	1993	Ginny
''Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle''	1994	Paula Hunt
''Higher Learning''	1995	Student	Uncredited
''Jefferson in Paris''	1995	Patsy Jefferson
! scope="row"	1995	Tracy Mills	Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress
''Moonlight and Valentino''	1995	Lucy Trager
! scope="row"	1996	Clementine
''''	1996	Julie DeMarco
! scope="row"	1996	Emma Woodhouse	Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
''Out of the Past''	1998	Sarah Orne Jewett	Voice
''Sliding Doors''	1998	Helen Quilley
! scope="row"	1998
! scope="row"	1998	Helen Baring
''''	1998	Emily Bradford Taylor
''Shakespeare in Love''	1998	Viola De Lesseps	Academy Award for Best ActressEmpire Award for Best ActressFlorida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress (also for ''Sliding Doors'')Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyKansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressLas Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressMTV Movie Award for Best Kiss (shared with Joseph Fiennes)San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress (also for ''Sliding Doors'')Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role – Motion PictureScreen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion PictureNominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated—Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite ActressNominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Female PerformanceNominated—Online Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressNominated—Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice ActressNominated—Teen Choice Award for Sexiest Love Scene (shared with Joseph Fiennes)
''''	1999	Marge Sherwood
''''	2000	Herself	Uncredited
''Duets''	2000	Liv
! scope="row"	2000	Abby Janello
''''	2001	Skye Davidson
''''	2001	Margot Tenenbaum	Nominated—Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best CastNominated—Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
''Shallow Hal''	2001	Rosemary Shanahan
''Searching for Debra Winger''	2002	Herself	Documentary
''Austin Powers in Goldmember''	2002	Gwyneth Paltrow as Dixie Normous in 'Austinpussy'
! scope="row"	2002	Maud Bailey
''View from the Top''	2003	Donna Jensen
! scope="row"	2003	Sylvia Plath
''Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow''	2004	Polly Perkins	Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss (shared with Jude Law)
! scope="row"	2005	Catherine	Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
! scope="row"	2006	Kitty Dean
''Love and Other Disasters''	2006	Hollywood Jacks	Cameo appearance
! scope="row"	2006	Hope Finch
''''	2007	Dora
! scope="row"	2008
! scope="row"	2008	Michelle	Nominated—Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Female
''Iron Man 2''	2010		Nominated— ''[[Country Strong">Teen Choice Award
''[[Country Strong''	2010	Kelly Canter
''Glee: The 3D Concert Movie''	2011	Herself/Holly Holiday
! scope="row"	2011	Beth Emhoff	''Post-production''
! scope="row"	2012		Cameo Appearance

+ Television
Title	Year	Role	Notes
''Saturday Night Live''	1999	Host	Hosted episodes in 1999, 2001, and 2011
''Spain... on the road Again''	2008	Herself
''''	2010	Herself
! scope="row"	2010–present	Holly Holliday	Pending—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (2011)Season 2 Episode 7 "	2011	Herself	Season 2 Episode 6 "Gwyneth Paltrow"

Discography

Singles

Single	Year	Peak chart positions						[[Music recording sales certification	Album
		! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"
! scope="row"		—	1	—	1	1	—		AUS">The Substitute (Glee)
! scope="row"	2011	Herself	Season 2 Episode 6 "Gwyneth Paltrow"

Discography

Singles

Single	Year	Peak chart positions						[[Music recording sales certification	Album
		! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"
! scope="row"		—	1	—	1	1	—		AUS: 2× Platinum	rowspan="2"
"Bette Davis Eyes"	—	—	—	3	—	—		* AUS: Platinum
! scope="row"	2010	81	—	30	—	—	—		rowspan="2"
"Me and Tennessee" (with Tim McGraw)	2011	—	—	34	—	—	63

Featured singles

! scope="row">"Umbrella" (with ''Glee'' Cast)

Single	Year	Peak chart positions					Album
		! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"	! style="width:35px;"
! scope="row"		11	24	12	20	31	''Glee: The Music, Volume 4''
""[[Singin' in the Rain (song)	Singing in the Rain">Mister Cellophane	—	—	—	—	—
18	23	20	10	22
! scope="row"		57	—	63	—	95
" "[[Landslide (song)	23	38	35	36	52
! scope="row"	66	—	66	—	75	''[[Glee: The Music, Volume 6">Kiss (song)	83	98	80	—	—
"[[Landslide (song)	23	38	35	36	52
! scope="row"	66	—	66	—	75	''[[Glee: The Music, Volume 6''

Album appearances

Song	Year	Album
! scope="row"	2000
"Shake That Thing"		rowspan="4"
"Coming Home"
"A Fighter"
"Travis"
"Somewhere Over The Rainbow" (with Matthew Morrison)	2011

Music videos

Video	Year	Director
"Country Strong"	2010	Kristin Barlowe, Christoper Sims
"Me and Tennessee" (with Tim McGraw)	2011	Roger Pistole

References

External links

Gwyneth Paltrow's Newsletter, Goop

Category:1972 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century actors Category:21st-century actors Category:Actors from Los Angeles, California Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom Category:American female singers Category:American film actors Category:American people of Barbadian descent Category:American musicians of German descent Category:American people of Russian descent Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent Category:American people of Polish-Jewish descent Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Jewish actors Category:Musicians from California Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:People from Santa Monica, California Category:University of California, Santa Barbara alumni Category:Pennsylvania Dutch people

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