Coordinates	55°45′06″N37°37′04″N
clubname	D.C. United
fullname	D.C. United
nickname	''United'', ''DCU'', ''Black-and-Red''
founded	1995
ground	RFK StadiumWashington, D.C.
capacity	45,596
owntitle	Owner
owner	William H.C. Chang
chrtitle	President
chairman	Kevin Payne
mgrtitle	Head Coach
manager	Ben Olsen
league	Major League Soccer
season	2010
position	Eastern Conference: 8thOverall: 16thPlayoffs: DNQ
website	http://www.dcunited.com
american	true
current	2011 D.C. United season
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D.C. United is an American professional soccer club based in Washington, D.C. which competes in Major League Soccer (MLS), the top professional soccer league in the United States and Canada. It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS, having competed in the league since its inception, in 1996.

Over the club's history, D.C. United has been considered to be the flagship franchise of MLS winning 12 international and domestic titles. Domestically, United has been one of the most successful MLS clubs. United has won the U.S. Open Cup twice, and holds an MLS record for most MLS Cup and MLS Supporters' Shields apiece, winning each honor four times. United was the also the first club to win both the MLS Cup and MLS Supporters' Shield consecutively.

On the international stage, D.C. United has competed in both the CONCACAF Champions League and its predecessor, the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. The club is also the only American soccer club to ever compete in a CONMEBOL (South American) competition, participating in the 2005 and 2007 editions of the Copa Sudamericana. In 1998, the club won the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. Subsequently, United won the now-defunct Copa Interamericana, a competition between the CONCACAF on CONMEBOL champion that year to determine the best soccer club in the Americas. In the 1998, and final edition of the Copa Interamericana, D.C. United defeated Vasco da Gama of Brazil to take the title.

The team's home field is the 45,596-seat Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, owned by the District of Columbia and located on the Anacostia River. The team has proposed building a new 24,000-seat soccer-specific stadium at multiple possible sites in the Washington metropolitan area. The team is owned by San Francisco-based William H.C. Chang through the consortium D.C. United Holdings. The team's head coach is long-time starting midfielder Ben Olsen, who has coached the team since 2010.

Players such as Jaime Moreno, Marco Etcheverry, and Eddie Pope are among the team's most successful stars. D.C. United has a strong fan base, with three supporters' clubs and one of the highest attendance averages in Major League Soccer. The club's official nickname is the "Black-and-Red" and home uniforms are black and white with accents of red. The team's name alludes to the "United" appellation commonly found in the names of soccer teams in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.

History

:''For the current season see 2011 D.C. United season'' Prior to the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the United States Soccer Federation fulfilled promises to FIFA by aiding in the foundation of a new professional league. On June 15, 1994, Major League Soccer selected Washington, D.C. out of twenty-two applicants to host one of the first seven teams, with three more added before the league's launch. Like many team names in MLS, the team's name was chosen as a reflection of the names of European clubs, such as Leeds United.

On April 6, 1996, D.C. United played in the league's inaugural match against the San Jose Clash in Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. In the league's early years, D.C. was the most successful of all the teams. Bruce Arena, the club's first coach, led the team to the first "double" in modern U.S. soccer history in 1996, beating the Los Angeles Galaxy to take the first MLS Cup and the USL First Division club the Rochester Raging Rhinos to win the U.S. Open Cup. D.C. repeated its MLS Cup victory in 1997 against the Colorado Rapids, with the match hosted at RFK Stadium. The team also saw early successes in CONCACAF competitions, winning both the Champions' Cup and the Interamerican Cup in 1998.

In October 1998, Arena left the team to direct the U.S. men's national team. Arena's departure marked the beginning of a downturn in the team's fortunes. While the club again won the MLS Cup in 1999 under coach Thomas Rongen, lackluster results in 2000 and 2001 led to Rongen's departure and his replacement by Ray Hudson in 2002. The team did not, however, fare much better under Hudson, and Piotr Nowak replaced him before the start of the 2004 season. The club's first season under Nowak was marred by injuries in the early going, and some players were known to have complained about Nowak's methods. Nevertheless a strong finish, assisted in large measure by the late-season acquisition of Argentine midfielder Christian Gómez, propelled United into the playoffs as the second seed. There they advanced past the New England Revolution on penalty kicks in what has been called one of the best games in MLS history. United then defeated the Kansas City Wizards to take their fourth MLS Cup.

On November 18, 2003, MLS made sports history by signing Freddy Adu, a 14-year-old soccer prodigy and on January 16, 2004 he was officially selected by United with the first pick in the 2004 MLS SuperDraft. When Adu entered United's regular-season opener as a second-half substitute on April 3, 2004, he became the youngest player in any professional sport in the United States since 1887. On December 11, 2006, D.C. United traded Adu and goalkeeper Nick Rimando to Real Salt Lake in exchange for a major allocation, goalkeeper Jay Nolly, and future considerations.

In 2005, the club made MLS history by becoming the first United States-based team to participate in Copa Sudamericana, entering in the Round of sixteen. Since 2006, United has played well against international competition, beating Scottish champions Celtic F.C. and drawing Real Madrid in Seattle. In addition, the 2006 MLS All-Star Team, which included eight United players and was managed by United's manager Piotr Nowak, defeated English champions Chelsea. In 2006 and 2007, the United became the first club in league history to win the MLS Supporters' Shield consecutively. Despite missing the MLS Playoffs in 2008 and 2009, D.C. United won the 2008 U.S. Open Cup and advanced to the final in 2009. 2010 saw the debut of midfielder Andy Najar, who had been with DC's youth academy since 2008. Najar's breakout season was a highlight of the team's otherwise shaky 2010 campaign, and he was eventually voted MLS Rookie of the Year.

Colors and badge

The team's colors and original logo were announced on October 17, 1995 along with those of the other ten original teams during a presentation in New York City. Black and white are D.C. United's primary colors, though the team's nickname is the "Black-and-Red." Red is used to accent the home jersey while white is the main color of the team's away kit. The three stripes along the shoulder — in white at home and black on the road — do not represent the three jurisdictions of the Washington Metropolitan Area (Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia); rather, they represent the fact that the team's kits are made by Adidas. The team's shirt sponsor is German motor company Volkswagen In 2011, the team introduced a predominantly red third kit with black accents to be worn four or more times in the season. The team has also previously used white away uniforms with red stripes. White and red are the colors of the flag of Washington, D.C., and the stripes are also reminiscent of those used on the flag. Goalkeepers usually distinguish themselves with a red or green colored shirt.

The team's original shield was implemented in 1996 consisting of the team's name, D.C. United, above a black Bald Eagle facing right on a red field, clawing three soccer balls overlaid on three white stars. The three stars and balls were again intended to represent the region's three jurisdictions. The bird, associated with the federal government based in Washington, D.C., symbolizes many of the attributes of the team, including speed and power. The logo was redesigned before the 1998 season. The current design reoriented the eagle facing left, and removed the three stars below it, whose metaphor was retained by three raised wing feathers. At the center of the eagle is a single gold colored star and soccer ball, which represents the team's victory in Major League Soccer's inaugural cup in 1996. The logo can also be adorned with four gold stars above it, representing the MLS Cups the team has won.

Sponsorship

!Season	!Manufacturer	!Sponsor	!Ref.
1996–2001		MasterCard
2002–2004	None
2005–2007	Sierra Mist
2008–

Stadium

Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (RFK) has been home to D.C. United since the team's founding in 1996. RFK was built in 1961 as a dual use baseball and American football stadium. Prior to 1996, it periodically hosted soccer matches, including the 1980 Soccer Bowl, the 1993 Supercoppa Italiana, and five matches during the 1994 FIFA World Cup. When the Washington Nationals baseball team shared the field from 2005 to 2007, there were criticisms regarding problems with the playing surface and even the dimensions of the field. The D.C. United Training Complex is located north of the stadium, and is where the Reserve Division team plays.

Several regional university stadiums have been used by the team for Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup matches, including Klöckner Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1996, and George Mason Stadium in Fairfax, Virginia in 2010. Similarly, the team has also used the Maryland SoccerPlex in Germantown, Maryland for multiple early-round games in U.S. Open Cup and CONCACAF Champions' Cup since it opened in 2001. Exhibition games have also been played in nearby FedEx Field in Landover, Maryland.

In July 2006, D.C. United proposed building a new stadium along the Anacostia River as part of a redevelopment plan for Anacostia Park. However disputes with the city government about the proposal forced the team to consider other sites. In February 2009, the team announced plans for a new stadium in nearby Prince George's County, Maryland close to FedEx Field. Dubbed the Prince George's County Soccer Stadium, this proposal ran into similar trouble when the County Council voted to send a letter to the Maryland General Assembly opposing the stadium plan. Fear that the lack of a new stadium might cause the team to leave the Washington, D.C. area caused protests on May 9, 2009.

In October 2009, the Baltimore Sun reported that Baltimore mayor Sheila Dixon has asked the Maryland Stadium Authority to explore the possibility of building a 17,000- to 20,000-seat soccer stadium that could serve as D.C. United's permanent home, as well as host concerts, lacrosse games and other events, to woo D.C. United to Baltimore. The proposed stadium complex, according to Dixon's letter, would be part of a "green mixed-use project" with access to light rail, Interstates 95 and 295. A potential location mentioned for the stadium is in the Westport Waterfront project. A feasibility study has been commissioned by the Maryland Stadium Authority was expected to be released in December 2010. Since then two sites in Washington, D.C. have also been proposed, one near Buzzard Point, and one as part of a redevelopment of Capital City Market.

Club culture

Supporters and rivalries

D.C. United has three major supporters groups, La Barra Brava, the Screaming Eagles, and La Norte. Each group has a designated section of the home stadium. La Barra Brava, Spanish for "The Brave Fans," was founded in 1995 by Latino fans in the Washington, D.C. area, mostly Bolivian immigrants in support of original United players Marco Etcheverry and Jaime Moreno. They seek to bring a South American style to home games. The Screaming Eagles host public tailgates before home matches, and are known for singing during games. La Norte, which takes its name from its location on the North side of the stadium, is noted for its streamers, large drum, and harassment of the opposition.

D.C. United's primary rival is the New York Red Bulls, formerly known as the MetroStars. The two teams compete annually for the Atlantic Cup, a competition instituted by the two teams' management that goes to the team that gets the most points across the teams' meetings throughout the year. The Los Angeles Galaxy are the team's second rival, one with whom D.C. has jockeyed over the years to represent MLS as its signature franchise. The teams, who met in the first MLS Cup, have the oldest rivalry in Major League Soccer. D.C. United is also unique among MLS teams for its rivalry with the Charleston Battery of the United Soccer Leagues, as they compete every time they face one another for the Coffee Pot Cup, a trophy established by the two sides' supporters.

Ownership and marketing

Billionaire investor George Soros was the primary financial backer and director of Washington Soccer L.P., the group that owned the operating rights to D.C. United when the league was founded in 1995. Kevin Payne, former President of Soccer USA Partners and current CEO of D.C. United, was instrumental in organizing this ownership group. By 1998 the group was looking for new investors, and on February 15, 2001, it agreed to sell the team to Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG), founded by Colorado billionaire Philip Anschutz, with AEG exercising its option to become the sole investor-operator on January 8, 2002. AEG, who also own Major League Soccer's Los Angeles Galaxy and Houston Dynamo, ran the team until 2007.

On January 8, 2007, the operating rights to D.C. United were sold to D.C. United Holdings, a newly-formed group venture that included real estate developer Victor MacFarlane, founder of MacFarlane Partners, and William H.C. Chang, chairman of Westlake International Group. Other investors included D.C. United president Kevin Payne and Blue Devil Development, headed by former Duke basketball players Brian Davis and Christian Laettner. In April 2009, Victor MacFarlane sold his share of the team to his partner William Chang after two stadium proposals had fallen through. In October 2009, Chang also bought out Davis and Laettner to fully control the team. Chang is also one of the primary investors of Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants.

Volkswagen Group of America, the American subsidiary of Volkswagen AG, is the jersey sponsor of D.C. United. Volkswagen agreed to pay over $14 million over five-years, beginning on May 6, 2008, putting the automotive company's logo on the front of the team jersey as well as other details. The deal is the second highest in MLS history. As part of the sponsorship, Volkswagen will provide complimentary parking to the first fifty Volkswagens at every D.C. United home game. Other sponsors include Adidas, GEICO, Verizon Wireless, and Papa John's Pizza. In May 2007, United entered into an initial one-year strategic partnership with Brazilian club Atlético Mineiro. The goal of the partnership is to enhance the sporting and commercial success of the respective clubs by sharing expertise and experience as well as creating new opportunities for the clubs in both areas.

Broadcasting

D.C. United are televised on Comcast SportsNet. Dave Johnson handles play by play, and former United coach Thomas Rongen does color commentary. Certain home matches are shown in High Definition on Comcast SportsNet HD. Select matches are also available on ESPN 2 and ESPN 2 HD. Color commentary has previously been provided by Gordon Bradley, Clint Peay, and Garth Lagerway. All matches are broadcast via radio on WDCN-LP in Spanish. Herbert Baires does play-by-play.

Players

First team roster

''As of July 18, 2011.''

Reserves and academy

''For the reserve and academy squads, see D.C. United Academy.''

Former players

''For details of former players, see All-time D.C. United roster and :Category:D.C. United players.''

Club captains

''For a list of club captains, see All-time D.C. United roster#Club captains.''

Player records

''For player records, including player awards, see List of D.C. United records and statistics.''

Team management

;Front Office and Ownership

Kevin J. Payne}} Stephen Zack}} Doug Hicks}} Michael Williamson}} Dawn Ridley}}

;Coaching staff

Ben Olsen}} Chad Ashton}} Sonny Silooy}} Pat Onstad}} Dave Kasper}} Bryan Namoff}} Francisco Tobar}} David Brauzer}} Brian Goodstein}} Pete Calabrese}} Steve Olivarez}} Gabriel Manoel}} Tim Hall}}

Head coaching history

! Dates	! Name	! Notes
1996–1998	Bruce Arena	Led the club to their first titles, and their first doubles, and to date their only continental title.
1999–2001	Thomas Rongen	First club head coach outside of the United States.
2001–2003	Ray Hudson
2004–2006	Piotr Nowak
2007–2009	Tom Soehn
2010	Curt Onalfo
2010–present	Ben Olsen

Honors

League

MLS Supporters' Shield

*Winners (4): 1997, 1999, 2006, 2007

*Runners-up (1): 1998

MLS Cup

*Winners (4): 1996, 1997, 1999, 2004

*Runners-up (1): 1998

MLS Eastern Conference

*Winners (Regular Season) (5): 1997, 1998, 1999, 2006, 2007

*Winners (Playoff) (5): 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004

Cup

Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup

*Winners (2): 1996, 2008

*Runners-up (2): 1997, 2009

;Minor Cups

Atlantic Cup (7): 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009

Carolina Challenge Cup (2): 2010, 2011

Continental

CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1

*1998

Copa Interamericana: 1

*1998

CONCACAF Giants Cup

*Runners-up (1): 2001

Doubles

Doubles

* MLS Cup and Supporters' Shield: 2

** 1997, 1999

* MLS Cup and U.S. Open Cup: 1

** 1996

Record

Key

;Key to regular season record

GP = Games played

W = Won

T = Tied

L = Lost

GF = Goals for

GA = Goals against

Pts = Points

Pos = Final overall position

;Key to leagues, divisions and cups

MLS = Major League Soccer

CONCACAF = Any North American competition

;Key to playoff rounds

Conf. SF = Conference Semifinals

Conf. F = Conference Finals

;Key to U.S. Open Cup rounds

QR1 = First Qualifying Round

QR2 = Second Qualifying Round

QR3 = Third Qualifying Round

R4 = Fourth Round

R3 = Third Round

QF = Quarterfinals

SF = Semifinals

Seasons

16 21 24 23 8 8 9 10 11 16 15 16 11 9 6 ''5''

Season	Regular Season	!rowspan="2"	!rowspan="2"	!rowspan="2"	Top goalscorer(s)
!League	GP	W	T	L	GF	GA	Pts	!Pos	!Name	!Goals
1996 D.C. United season>1996	1996 Major League Soccer season	MLS	32	|	0	16	62	56	46	bgcolor="CFAA88"	3rd	bgcolor="FFEE99"	bgcolor="FFEE99"			23
1997 D.C. United season>1997	1997 Major League Soccer season	MLS	32	|	0	11	70	53	55	bgcolor="FFEE99"	1st	bgcolor="FFEE99"	bgcolor="silver"			16
1998 D.C. United season>1998	1998 Major League Soccer season	MLS	32	|	0	8	74	48	58	bgcolor="DDDDDD"	2nd	bgcolor="DDDDDD"		bgcolor="FFEE99"		18
1999 D.C. United season>1999	1999 Major League Soccer season	MLS	32	|	0	9	65	43	57	bgcolor="FFEE99"	1st	bgcolor="FFEE99"		bgcolor="CFAA88"		18
2000 D.C. United season>2000	2000 Major League Soccer season	MLS	32	|	18	6	44	63	30	11th					12
2001 D.C. United season>2001	2001 Major League Soccer season	MLS	32	|	18	6	44	63	30	10th			bgcolor="DDDDDD"		14
2002 D.C. United season>2002	2002 Major League Soccer season	MLS	28	|	5	14	31	40	32	bgcolor="#FFCCCC"	10th					5
2003 D.C. United season>2003	2003 Major League Soccer season	MLS	30	|	9	11	38	36	39	7th					6
2004 D.C. United season>2004	2004 Major League Soccer season	MLS	32	|	9	10	43	42	42	4th	bgcolor="FFEE99"				10
2005 D.C. United season>2005	2005 Major League Soccer season	MLS	32	|	6	10	58	37	54	bgcolor="CFAA88"	3rd					16
2006 D.C. United season>2006	2006 Major League Soccer season	MLS	32	|	10	7	52	38	55	bgcolor="FFEE99"	1st					14
2007 D.C. United season>2007	2007 Major League Soccer season	MLS	30	|	7	7	56	34	55	bgcolor="FFEE99"	1st					20
2008 D.C. United season>2008	2008 Major League Soccer season	MLS	30	|	4	15	43	51	37	10th		bgcolor="FFEE99"	2008 CONCACAF Champions' Cup		11
[[2009 D.C. United season>2009	2009 Major League Soccer season	MLS	30	|	13	8	43	44	40	10th		bgcolor="DDDDDD"			10
2010 D.C. United season>2010	2010 Major League Soccer season	MLS	30	|	4	20	21	47	22	bgcolor="#FFCCCC"	16th					5
2011 D.C. United season>2011	2011 Major League Soccer season	MLS	''19''	|	''8''	''6''	''24''	''30''	''23''	''10th''					8

Note: Before 2000, MLS matches that ended tied went into a golden goal overtime.

Team records

Games: Jaime Moreno (329) Goals: Jaime Moreno (131) (Moreno also holds the league record with 133 MLS goals) Assists: Jaime Moreno (102) Minutes: Jaime Moreno (24,372) Shots: Jaime Moreno (660) Shots on Goal: Jaime Moreno (380) Game-Winning Goals: Jaime Moreno (26) Penalty-Kick Goals: Jaime Moreno (42) Multi-Goal Games: Jaime Moreno (17) Hat Tricks: Raúl Díaz Arce (2) Shutouts: Nick Rimando (29) Saves: Nick Rimando (355) Wins: Nick Rimando (41)

No active D.C. United players hold team records. Last Updated October 24, 2009

All-Time regular season record: 188-152-58 = .521 win % (''Through 2008 season'')

All-Time regular season home record: 118-52-28 = .643 win % (''Through 2008 season'')

All-Time regular season away record: 70-100-30 = .400 win % (''Through 2008 season'')

Award Winners

MLS Best XI

The MLS Best XI is an acknowledgment of the best eleven players in the league in a given season for Major League Soccer.

Marco Etcheverry: (1996), (1997), (1998), (1999) Jeff Agoos: (1997), (1999) Eddie Pope: (1997), (1998) Jaime Moreno: (1997), (1999), (2004), (2005), (2006) Ryan Nelsen: (2003), (2004) Christian Gómez: (2005), (2006), (2007) Troy Perkins: (2006) Bobby Boswell: (2006) Ben Olsen: (2007) Luciano Emilio: (2007)

Other awards

Most Valuable Player: Marco Etcheverry (1998), Christian Gomez (2006), Luciano Emilio (2007) Coach of the Year: Bruce Arena (1997) Defender of the Year: Eddie Pope (1997), Bobby Boswell (2006) Goalkeeper of the Year: Troy Perkins (2006) Golden Boot: Jaime Moreno (1997), Luciano Emilio (2007) Newcomer of the Year: Luciano Emilio (2007) Rookie of the Year: Ben Olsen (1998), Andy Najar (2010)

Team MVP

Year!! Name!! Country
2004	Jaime Moreno
2005	Christian Gómez
2006	Christian Gómez
2007	Luciano Emilio
2008	Jaime Moreno
2009	Clyde Simms
2010	Andy Najar

National Soccer Hall of Famers

John Harkes - ''(MF)'', (1996–98), (Inducted 2005), (Player Category) Jeff Agoos - ''(DF)'', (1996–00), (Inducted 2009), (Player Category) Bruce Arena - (Coach), (1996–98), (Inducted 2010), (Builder Category) Eddie Pope - (DF), (1996-02), (Inducted 2011), (Player Category) Earnie Stewart - (MF), (2003-04), (Inducted 2011), (Player Category)

Hall of Tradition

In 2003, D.C. United introduced the "Hall of Tradition" (formerly "Tradition of Excellence"), an honor bestowed upon players, coaches & front office staff deemed by United to have been crucial to the team's success.

John Harkes - ''(MF)'', (1996–98), (Inducted May 14, 2003) Marco Etcheverry, ''(MF)'', (1996–03), (Inducted October 20, 2007)

Betty D'Anjolell (Executive), (1995–98), (Inducted June 29, 2008)

Jeff Agoos - ''(DF)'', (1996–00), (Inducted October 16, 2008) Raúl Díaz Arce ''(FW)'', (1996–97), (2000), (Inducted September 2, 2009)

Danilo Noel Dirón - (Broadcaster), (1997–08), (Inducted September 2, 2009)

Eddie Pope - ''(DF)'', (1996–02), (Inducted July 18, 2010)

References

;General ''MLS statistics sourced to:'' ''U.S. Open Cup statistics sourced to:'' ''CONCACAF statistics sourced to:'' ''Top scorers sourced to:''

;Notes

See also

Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium

History of D.C. United

D.C. United Women

D.C. United U-23

External links

www.dcunited.com Team's official website

Team profile on FIFA.com

Official D.C. United board courtesy of BigSoccer

Supporters

www.barra-brava.com Barra Brava Supporters' Club

www.screaming-eagles.com Screaming Eagles Supporters' Club website

www.lanorte.com La Norte Supporters' Club

dcunited.pl Polish fan website

Blogs

Steven Goff's Washington Post - Soccer Insider Blog

Category:Soccer clubs in the United States Category:Association football clubs established in 1995 Category:Soccer clubs in Washington, D.C.

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Coordinates	55°45′06″N37°37′04″N
Country
Fullname	Michelle Wingshan Kwan
Birth date	July 07, 1980
Residence	Torrance, California
Height
Formercoach	Rafael Arutunian, Frank Carroll, Scott Williams
Formerchoreographer	Tatiana Tarasova, Lori Nichol, Nikolai Morozov, Sarah Kawahara, Peter Oppegard, Karen Kwan, Christopher Dean
Skating club	Los Angeles FSC
Alma mater	UCLA, University of Denver, Tufts University
6.0	57
Combined total	175.20
Combined date	2005 Worlds
Sp score	61.22
Sp date	2005 Worlds
Fs score	113.98
Fs date	2005 Worlds
Medaltemplates	}}

}} Michelle Wingshan Kwan (; Jyutping: gwaan1 wing6 saan1; born July 7, 1980) is an American figure skater. She is a two-time (1998 & 2002) Olympic medalist, a five-time (1996, 1998, 2000, 2001 & 2003) World champion (a record bettered only by Sonja Henie among ladies skaters) and a nine-time (1996, 1998–2005) U.S. champion (the all-time record, as tied with Maribel Vinson-Owen).

She competed at a high level for over a decade and is the most decorated figure skater in U.S. history. Known for her consistency and expressive artistry on ice, she is widely considered one of the greatest figure skaters of all time.

For well over a decade, Kwan maintained her status not only as America's most popular figure skater but as one of America's most popular female athletes, consistently making the top ten on many such polls and lists (often as the only figure skater) even years after she had stopped competing. During the decade of her reign Kwan enjoyed unprecedented popularity and amassed numerous multi-million dollar endorsement deals, starred in multiple TV specials and was the subject of extensive media coverage.

Personal life

Born in Torrance, California, Kwan is the third child of Danny Kwan and Estella Kwan, Chinese immigrants from Hong Kong. As a child, Kwan grew up speaking a mixture of Cantonese and English at home. Kwan’s interest in figure skating began at the age of five when she followed her two older siblings (hockey player Ron and figure skater Karen) onto the ice. Karen and Michelle began serious training when Michelle was about eight years old. They practiced three to four hours a day, waking up at 3 am to skate before school and going back to the rink right after school to skate again. Paying for their increased skating-rink time led to financial hardship for Kwan’s working class family. When Kwan was ten years old, her family could no longer afford a coach, but they were offered financial assistance by a fellow member of the Los Angeles Figure Skating Club that allowed them to train at the Ice Castle International Training Center in Lake Arrowhead, California.

Kwan attended Soleado Elementary School in Palos Verdes, California, but left public school to be homeschooled in 1994, when she was in the 8th grade. After graduation from Rim of the World High School in 1998, she attended UCLA for one year. In the fall of 2006, she transferred to the University of Denver. In June 2009, she graduated with a bachelor's degree in international studies and a minor in political science. In 2009, she began graduate studies in international relations at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. On May 8, 2010, she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Southern Vermont College.

Public life

Ambassadorship endeavors

On November 9, 2006, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice named Michelle Kwan as a public diplomacy ambassador. In this non-salaried position, Kwan will represent American values especially to young people and sports enthusiasts and is expected to travel widely. Kwan made her first overseas trip in the capacity of public diplomacy ambassador with a visit to China from January 17–25, 2007.

Her diplomatic position as an envoy has continued in the Barack Obama administration where she has worked with Vice President Joe Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

Between 9–15 January 2011, she travelled to Singapore on behalf of the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.

On April 15, 2011, it was announced that Kwan would serve as an advisor to U.S.-China Women's Leadership Exchange and Dialogue (Women-LEAD).

Filmography

Kwan has guest starred as herself in "Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass", an episode of ''The Simpsons'', and in the ''Family Guy'' episode "A Hero Sits Next Door". She has also made guest star appearances in the children's cartoon television series ''Arthur the PBS Series'', and has also appeared in ''Sabrina, the Teenage Witch''. She provided the voice of a shopkeeper in Disney's direct-to-DVD sequel ''Mulan II'', and she and fellow figure skater Brian Boitano appeared as announcers in the film ''Ice Princess''. She has performed in numerous figure skating programs, and has cameo appearances in various other television series. In 1999, she appeared in the ''Michelle Kwan Figure Skating'' computer game.

Other activities

Kwan wrote an inspirational book for children titled, ''The Winning Attitude: What it Takes to be a Champion''. She also wrote an autobiography, ''Heart of a Champion'', at 17.

In 2005, Michelle Kwan's family opened the EastWest Ice Palace in Artesia, California. The ice rink houses many of her skating medals and memorabilia.

Kwan has had numerous endorsement contracts and has appeared in television commercials for sponsors including Campbell's Soup, VISA, Coca-Cola, and Kraft. The Chevrolet/Michelle Kwan R.E.W.A.R.D.S. Scholarship program was established by the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors in cooperation with Kwan. In February 2006, Kwan was named a "celebrity representative" for The Walt Disney Company.

Competitive biography

Summary

Kwan has won five World Championships (1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, and 2003), the most by anyone in the ladies' division since Carol Heiss (1956–1960), with whom she is tied for the most wins by an American. She has won nine United States Figure Skating Championships (1996, 1998–2005), tying the record for most set by Maribel Vinson-Owen (1928–1933, 1935–1937). Kwan's eight consecutive U.S. Championship titles (1998–2005) and 12 consecutive U.S. Championship medals (1994–2005) are both U.S. records. She is the only woman in figure skating history to reclaim the World title three times (1998, 2000, 2003). She also won a silver medal at the 1998 Nagano Olympics and a bronze medal in the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics. Among her many accolades, Kwan is a recipient of the prestigious James E. Sullivan Award, which is given to America's best amateur athlete; she was the first figure skater to win the award since Dick Button won it in 1949. Kwan has received a combined total of 57 6.0s (perfect scores) from her National and World competitions throughout the years. At the U.S. Championships alone, she holds the record for most 6.0s. Because figure skating is no longer scored on a 6.0 scale, Kwan's records will stand indefinitely.

Early competition

In 1991, Michelle and her sister Karen began training with Frank Carroll. After one year of coaching by Carroll, 11-year old Michelle placed 9th at the junior level at the United States Figure Skating Championships. At the age of 12 in 1992, Kwan passed the gold test to become a senior-level figure skater despite the disapproval of her coach. In 1993, Kwan finished sixth at her first senior U.S. championships. The next season, she won the 1994 World Junior Championships.

In 1994, Kwan finished second to Tonya Harding at the U.S. Championships, which ordinarily would have earned her a spot on the U.S. team to the 1994 Olympic Games in Lillehammer, Norway. That place, however, was instead given to 1993 national champion Nancy Kerrigan, who had been sidelined by an assault and battery (eventually connected to Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly) after a practice session at those championships. The 13-year-old Kwan went to Norway as an alternate but did not compete. Kerrigan and Harding both dropped out of eligible competition before the 1994 World Championships. Because of this (and teammate Nicole Bobek not making out of the qualifying round), Kwan had the sole responsibility to ensure two spots for the U.S. at the 1995 World Championships by placing in the top ten. Kwan had an unusual mistake in the short program and placed eleventh in that portion, but came back strong to finish eighth overall.

At the 1995 U.S. Championships, Nicole Bobek won the gold medal, while Kwan again placed second after struggling with her lutz jump in both the short program and free skate. At the 1995 World Championships, she placed fifth in the short program portion of the competition with a clean performance. She landed 7 triple jumps in her free skating performance and placed third in that portion of the competition. She finished fourth overall.

Artistic development and 1998 Olympics

Following 1995, Kwan developed a more mature style. Her new, more artistically expressive programs were "Romanza" (short program) and "Salome" (free skate). She also improved her speed and her jump technique, and performed more difficult choreography. In 1996, Kwan won both the U.S. Championships and the World Championships. In the latter event, she edged out defending champion Chen Lu in a very close competition in which both competitors garnered two perfect 6.0s for Presentation in the free skate.

In the 1996–97 season, Kwan skated to "Dream of Desdemona" (short program) and "Taj Mahal" (free skate). It was during this year that Kwan debuted a change-of-edge spiral, which is still considered her signature move. However, in this season, Kwan struggled with her jumps because of a growth spurt and problems with new skating boots which she wore for an endorsement contract with the manufacturer. She fell twice and stumbled once in her free skate at 1997 U.S. Nationals, losing the title to Tara Lipinski. She also lost the Champion Series Final to Lipinski a month later. At the World Championships, Kwan made a mistake on her Triple Lutz combination and placed 4th in the Short Program portion of the competition behind Lipinski, France's Vanessa Gusmeroli, and Russia's Maria Butyrskaya. During the Free Skate, Kwan skated a six triple, mistake-free performance to win that part of the competition, but placed second to Lipinski overall.

Kwan started out the 1997–1998 Olympic season by winning Skate America (where she defeated Tara Lipinski) and then Skate Canada. However, she suffered a stress fracture on her foot and was forced to withdraw from her third Champions Series Final. Kwan regained her U.S. title from Lipinski at the 1998 National Championships, in spite of competing with a toe injury. Many people consider her performances of her Rachmaninoff short program and free skate set to William Alwyn's "Lyra Angelica" at the 1998 U.S. Championships to be the high point of her career from both a technical and artistic standpoint. The performance earned her eight perfect 6.0s and left one judge in tears.

Kwan and Lipinski were the co-favorites to win the 1998 Olympic Games in Nagano, Japan. Kwan placed first in the Short Program portion of the competition, winning eight first place votes out of nine judges. In the Free Skate, Kwan skated a 7-triple performance but placed behind Lipinski, who also did 7 triples including a triple loop/triple loop combination and a triple toe-loop/half-loop/Triple Salchow. Kwan ended up winning the silver medal, with the gold medal being won by Lipinski and the bronze medal by Chen Lu.

Lipinski and Chen both retired from competitive skating shortly after the Olympics, while Kwan went on to win the 1998 World Championships in Minneapolis.

From 1998 to 2002 Olympics

Kwan continued to compete as an eligible skater in the 1998–99 season, although she bypassed the fall Grand Prix season and instead chose to skate in a series of made-for-television pro-am events. Her "regular" competitive programs that season were "Fate of Carmen" (short program) and "Lamento D'Ariane" (free skate). Kwan won her third national title at the 1999 U.S. Championships, competing against a weak field. At the 1999 World Championships, Kwan did not skate her best, and placed second behind Russian competitor Maria Butyrskaya.

Kwan's win at the 2000 U.S. Nationals was controversial to some. She was criticized for planning an easier jump in her short program than her competitors (a triple toe loop rather than a triple flip), and then she fell on this element in the competition. The judges nevertheless placed her third in that segment behind younger challengers Sasha Cohen and Sarah Hughes; however, the placement still kept her in contention for the title. Ultimately, she won the free skate with the best performance of the night, capturing 8 of the 9 first-place ordinals. At the 2000 World Championships, Kwan was again in third place after the short program, behind Maria Butyrskaya and Irina Slutskaya. In her free skate, Kwan landed seven triple jumps, including a triple toe loop/triple toe loop combination, and won that segment of the competition. Butyrskaya lost her commanding lead by finishing third behind Slutskaya in the free skate, allowing Kwan to win the overall title as well.

In 2001, Kwan again won the U.S. Championships, receiving first-place ordinals from all 9 judges in both the short program and free skate. At the 2001 World Championships, Kwan was second behind Slutskaya in the short program. Kwan won the title with her "Song of the Black Swan" free skate, executing 7 triples, including a triple toe loop/triple toe loop combination.

In the fall of 2001, Kwan and Carroll decided to end their coaching relationship. In interviews, Kwan said she needed to "take responsibility" for her skating. Coachless, Kwan arrived at the 2002 U.S. Championships in Los Angeles amid the media's scrutiny over her separation with Carroll and her season's inconsistencies. Kwan won the competition with a revived "Rachmaninoff" short program and a new "Scheherazade" program for her free skate, securing a place on the 2002 Olympic team. Joining her on the team were Sasha Cohen (second) and Sarah Hughes (third). The 21-year-old Kwan and Russia's Irina Slutskaya were favorites to win the gold. Kwan led after the short program, followed by Slutskaya, Cohen, and Hughes. In the free skate, Kwan two-footed her combination and fell on her triple flip, while Sarah Hughes skated a clean program. This left Kwan with the bronze medal behind Hughes and Slutskaya. Kwan's final event of the season was the 2002 Worlds, where she won the silver medal behind Slutskaya.

2002–2006

Following the 2002 season, Kwan continued to compete on the Olympic-eligible circuit, although in a more limited way. During the fall seasons of 2002 to 2004, Kwan competed in only one Grand Prix event, Skate America in the fall of 2002, which she entered as a last-minute replacement. She won the event and qualified for the Grand Prix Final but chose not to compete in it. Kwan chose to not compete in Grand Prix events in the 2003 and 2004 seasons where the new judging system was being used.

Coached by Scott Williams, Kwan won all phases of every competition she entered in the 2002–2003 competitive season with her programs: Peter Gabriel's "The Feeling Begins" from The Last Temptation of Christ (short program) and "Concierto de Aranjuez" (free skate). She won the U.S. Championships again and regained her World title.

In 2003, she hired noted technician Rafael Arutunian as her coach, with whom she attempted to increase the technical difficulty of her programs. In the 2003–2004 competitive season, she skated again to "The Feeling Begins" for her short program, and Puccini's "Tosca" for her long program.

Again, Kwan won the U.S. Championships (where the old 6.0 system was still being used), earning 7 more 6.0s for presentation in the Free Skate. At the 2004 World Championships, after a difficult qualifying round, Kwan was penalized in her short program for going two seconds over time which caused her to placed 4th going into the Long Program behind American Sasha Cohen, Japan's Shizuka Arakawa, and Miki Ando. Just as she was about to start her free skate, there was a disruption caused by a spectator entering the ice surface and being removed by security staff. In the end, Kwan skated an inspired, if conservative, 5 triple performance and received the last 6.0 marks given at the World Championships. She placed second in the Free Skating portion (she was one judge away from winning the long program) and placed third overall at the championships behind Arakawa (who performed 7 triples including two triple-triple combinations) and Cohen.

For the 2004–2005 competitive season, Kwan skated her long program to "Boléro", choreographed by British ice dancer Christopher Dean who had famously skated to the music with Jayne Torvill two decades before, and debuted a new short program, "Adagio" from Aram Khachaturian's ballet ''Spartacus''. At the U.S. Championships, she won her 9th title, tying the all-time record previously set by Maribel Vinson-Owen. Interestingly, Vinson-Owen had coached Frank Carroll, who in turn coached Kwan. At the 2005 World Championship, Kwan competed for the first time under the new judging system. She had a rough qualifying round and placed third in the short program. In the Free Skate, Kwan fell on her triple salchow and two-footed a triple lutz. Although she finished third in both the short and long program portion of the competition, Kwan was edged by Carolina Kostner for the bronze medal and finished fourth overall, missing third place by 0.37 points. It was the first time since 1995 that Kwan had failed to medal at any international competition, and would be her final competitive event.

2006 Olympics

Kwan looked at the 2005 Worlds as a learning experience in the ISU Judging System. She continued to train and stated that she would attempt to qualify for the 2006 Olympic Games in Turin, Italy. However, following a hip injury, she was forced to withdraw from her three planned competitions in the fall of 2005. Kwan skated her new short program ("Totentanz") at a made-for-TV event in December, 2005, but her performance was well below her usual standard. On January 4, 2006, Kwan withdrew from the U.S. Figure Skating Championships with an abdominal injury incurred in December 2005. One week later, she filed a petition with the USFSA for a medical waiver to be placed on the 2006 Olympic figure skating team. On January 14, 2006, after the United States ladies' figure skating event, the USFSA's International Committee met and in a 20 to 3 vote approved Kwan's petition under the stipulation that she show her physical and competitive readiness to a five-member monitoring panel by January 27.

Kwan performed her long and short programs for the panel on the stipulated day, and her spot on the Olympic team was established, as the panel felt she was fit to compete. However, on February 12, 2006, the United States Olympic Committee announced that Kwan had withdrawn from the Games after suffering a new groin injury in her first practice in Turin. Kwan remarked that she "respected the Olympics too much to compete." The Turin organizing committee accepted the USOC's application for Emily Hughes (who had finished third at the U.S. Championships) to compete as Kwan's replacement.

After her withdrawal from the Olympic team, Kwan turned down an offer to stay in Turin as a figure skating commentator for NBC Sports. During an interview with Bob Costas and Scott Hamilton, Michelle Kwan said she was not retiring yet.

Kwan underwent elective arthroscopic surgery in August 2006 to repair a torn labrum in her right hip, an old injury which she traces back to 2002. According to Kwan, the surgery allowed her to skate pain-free for the first time in four years.

2006–present

Kwan did not compete during the 2006–2007 figure skating season.

Kwan told the Associated Press in October 2007 that she would decide in 2009 if she planned to compete in the 2010 Winter Olympics, She has said "Representing the United States as an American Public Diplomacy Envoy the past three years has been very rewarding, and I want to do more." After graduating from the University of Denver in 2009, Kwan said "Furthering my education will bring me closer to that goal, and I don't want to wait any longer to continue the journey."

On February 17, 2010, Kwan told ABC News in an interview that she is continuing her studies as a graduate student at the Tufts University Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. She is working toward her Master's Degree focused on U.S. Foreign Policy and Pacific-Asia as well as continuing her work as a Public Diplomacy Envoy. Kwan also said she will be commentating for Good Morning America at the 2010 Winter Olympics.

In August 2009, Kwan made her first on-ice appearance in several years, performing at the Ice All Stars, a show headlined by South Korean world champion Kim Yu-Na in Seoul, South Korea. Kwan appeared in Kim's All That Skate shows in South Korea and Los Angeles. She was the guest star to open the skate rink in the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore in December 2010, where she performed twice to "Winter Song", a programme she self-choreographed with her sister. She returned to Singapore a month later as a Public Diplomacy Envoy to meet local students and to promote ice skating in the tropical country.

Awards and accolades

Kwan is a recipient of the prestigious James E. Sullivan Award (2001), which is given to America's best amateur athlete; she was the first figure skater to win the award since Dick Button won it in 1949. In 2003 she was named the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) "Sportswoman of the Year", and is the 5th figure skater in history to receive this honor. She has also been named USOC "Athlete of the Month" 14 times, which is more than any other athlete, male or female, as well as being named "Female Figure Skating Athlete of the Year" by the USOC multiple times. She is also the recipient of the USOC's "Citizenship Through Sports Alliance Award" (2004).

Kwan is one of the only two multiple winners of the "Readers' Choice Figure Skater of the Year" award given by ''Skating'' magazine (1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001–2003). In 2003, the United States Figure Skating Association, which publishes ''Skating'', announced that the award would be renamed the "Michelle Kwan Trophy." The USFSA stated that although Kwan may continue to skate competitively, she will no longer be eligible for this award. She also appeared on ''International Figure Skating Magazine'''s "25 Most Influential Names in Figure Skating List" seven times, and was named the most influential skater for the 2002–03 season.

In 1999, she was given the Historymakers Award by the Los Angeles Chinese American Museum.

In January 2009, she was appointed a member of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports by George W. Bush. On May 3, 2009, Kwan was honored by the Los Angeles Chinese Historical Society of Southern California in "Celebrating Chinese Americans in Sports". In 2011, she was added to the board of the Special Olympics.

Programs

!Season	!''Short Program''	!''Long Program''	!''Exhibition''
! 2005–2006			A Song for You by Natalie Cole
! 2004–2005
! 2003–2004	The Feeling Begins from The Last Temptation of Christ by Peter Gabriel choreographed by Scott Williams, Michelle Kwan, Karen Kwan and Nikolai Morozov	Tosca by Giacomo Puccini choreographed by Nikolai Morozov	Fallin' by Alicia Keys
! 2002–2003	The Feeling Begins from The Last Temptation of Christ by Peter Gabriel choreographed by Scott Williams, Michelle Kwan, Karen Kwan and Nikolai Morozov	Concierto de Aranjuez by Joaquín Rodrigo performed by Ikuko Kawai choreographed by Scott Williams, Michelle Kwan, Karen Kwan and Nikolai Morozov	Fields of Gold by Eva Cassidy
! 2001–2002	East of Eden by Lee Holdridge choreographed by Lori Nichol Piano Concerto No. 3 Piano Trio No. 2 by Sergey Rachmaninov choreographed by Lori Nichol	Scheherazade by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov performed by New York Philharmonic choreographed by Sarah Kawahara	Fields of Gold by Eva Cassidy
! 2000–2001	East of Eden by Lee Holdridge choreographed by Lori Nichol Rush by Eric Clapton choreographed by Christopher Dean		Beautiful World by Sumi Jo This Time Around by Linda Eder
! 1999–2000	A Day In The Life by John Lennon and Paul McCartney performed by Jeff Beck choreographed by Lori Nichol	The Red Violin by John Corigliano performed by Joshua Bell choreographed by Lori Nichol	The World Is Not Enough by Garbage Hands from Joy: A Holiday Collection by Jewel
! 1998–1999	Carmen Suite by Rodion Shchedrin [[Carmen Fantasie (Waxman)
! 1997–1998	Piano Concerto No. 3 Piano Trio No. 2 by Sergey Rachmaninov choreographed by Lori Nichol	Lyra Angelica by William Alwyn Gymnopedie #3 by Erik Satie choreographed by Lori Nichol	On My Own (Les Misérables)
! 1996–1997	Orchestral Suite No. 3 by [[Jules Massenet Final from Herodiade by Jules Massenet The Red Poppy by Reinhold Gliere choreographed by Lori Nichol
! 1995–1996	Romanza by Salvador BacarisseFiesta Flamenca by Monty Kelly choreographed by Lori Nichol	Salome (opera)
! 1994–1995	[[Yellow River Piano Concerto by Xian Xinghai performed by Yin Chengzong and Chu Wanghua	Rondo Capriccioso by Camille Saint-Saëns	Fantasia on Greensleeves by Ralph Vaughan Williams East of Eden by Lee Holdridge
! 1993–1994		East of Eden by Lee Holdridge
! 1992-1993		Miss Saigon by Claude-Michel Schönberg
! 1991-1992

Competitive highlights

Major events for Olympic-eligible skaters include the U.S. Figure Skating Championships, World Figure Skating Championships, the Olympic Winter Games, and the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. Kwan's record in these events is listed by season in the tables below.

{| class="wikitable" |- ! Event ! 1991–92 ! 1992–93 ! 1993–94 ! 1994–95 ! 1995–96 ! 1996–97 ! 1997–98 ! 1998–99 ! 1999–00 ! 2000–01 ! 2001–02 ! 2002–03 ! 2003–04 ! 2004–05 ! 2005–06 |- | Winter Olympic Games || || || || || || || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || || || || align="center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | 3rd || || || || align="center" | WD |- | World Championships || || || align="center" | 8th || align="center" | 4th || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | 3rd || align="center" | 4th || |- | World Junior Championships || || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || || || || || || || || || || || || |- | U.S. Championships || align="center" | 9th J. || align="center" | 6th || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st|| align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || |- | Grand Prix Final || || || || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || || || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || || || || |- | Skate America || || || align="center" | 7th || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || || || |- | Skate Canada || || || || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || align="center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | 3rd || || || || |- | Nations Cup || || || || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || || || || || || || || || || |- | Trophée Lalique || || || || align="center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | 3rd || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || || || || || || || || || |- | Goodwill Games || || || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || || || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || || || || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || || || || |- | Gardena Spring Trophy || || || || || || || || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st J. || || || || || |- |}

J = Junior level, WD = withdrew

References

External links

Category:Figure skating commentators Category:James E. Sullivan Award recipients Category:Olympic bronze medalists for the United States Category:Olympic figure skaters of the United States Category:Olympic silver medalists for the United States Category:Figure skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics Category:Figure skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics Category:American female single skaters Category:American people of Hong Kong descent Category:American sportspeople of Chinese descent Category:Sportspeople from California Category:People from Torrance, California Category:Tufts University alumni Category:Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy alumni Category:University of Denver alumni Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:Olympic medalists in figure skating Category:Sportspeople from Los Angeles, California Category:Asian American women in sports

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