Coordinates | 41°52′55″N87°37′40″N |
---|---|
Group | Italians''Italiani'' |
Population | c. 130 million |
Regions | 56,000,000 |
Region1 | |
Pop1 | 30,000,000 (Italian ancestry) |
Ref1 | |
Region2 | |
Pop2 | 20,000,000 (Italian ancestry) |
Ref2 | |
Region3 | |
Pop3 | 17,800,000 (Italian ancestry mostly) |
Ref3 | |
Region4 | |
Pop4 | 1,500,000 (Italian ancestry) |
Ref4 | |
Region5 | |
Pop5 | 1,445,335 |
Ref5 | |
Region6 | |
Pop6 | 900,000 |
Ref6 | |
Region7 | |
Pop7 | 852,418 |
Ref7 | |
Region8 | |
Pop8 | 800,000 |
Ref8 | |
Region9 | |
Pop9 | 611,000 |
Ref9 | |
Region10 | |
Pop10 | 500,000 |
Ref10 | |
Region11 | |
Pop11 | 340,000 |
Ref11 | |
Region12 | |
Pop12 | 290,000 |
Ref12 | |
Region13 | |
Pop13 | 153,700 |
Ref13 | |
Region14 | |
Pop14 | 150,000 |
Region15 | |
Pop15 | 133,500 |
Ref15 | |
Region16 | |
Pop16 | 100,000 |
Region17 | |
Pop17 | 90,000 |
Ref17 | |
Region18 | |
Pop18 | 40,000 |
Ref18 | |
Region22 | |
Pop22 | 1,500 |
Ref22 | |
Region19 | |
Pop19 | 35,000 |
Ref19 | |
Region20 | |
Pop20 | 19,636 |
Ref20 | |
Region21 | |
Pop21 | 18,996 |
Ref21 | |
Region22 | |
Pop22 | 15,000 |
Ref22 | |
Region23 | |
Pop23 | 10,000 |
Ref23 | |
Languages | historically Latin, nowdays Italian and other languages(Sicilian Southern Italian languages Corsican Sardinian Northern Italian languages Friulan)languages of resident countries |
Religions | predominantly Roman Catholic, others |
Footnotes | Italians by birth, not including an indeterminable number of Frenchmen of Italian ancestry numbering as much as five million. includes 291,200 permanent residents; not including about 500.000 Italian-speaking Swiss people, Italian citizens, many of which are Latin American nationals with Italian citizenship. }} |
In addition to the 60 million Italians in Italy and 28,000 in San Marino, Italian-speaking, autochthonous groups are found in neighbouring countries: about 500,000 in Switzerland, a large, but undefined population in France (Nice, Corsica), and smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia, primarily in Istria.
Because of wide-ranging and long-lasting diaspora, about 4 million Italian citizens and over 70 million people of full or part Italian ancestry live outside of Italy, most notably in South America, North America, and other parts of Europe.
Italians have greatly influenced and contributed to science, the arts, technology, culture, cuisine, sport and banking abroad and worldwide. Italian people are generally known for their regionalism, attention to clothing, family values and devoutness to the Christian faith and association with the Catholic Church. Their greatest contribution to Western civilization was writing and the Latin script.
Following recent scientific research carried out by geneticists, Italy has proven to be one of the last genetic barriers across Europe (along with Finland and Ireland), this due to the presence of the Alpine mountain chain that, over the centuries, has prevented large migration flows aimed at colonizing the Italian lands. Another 2008 study based on 3,000 European individuals genotyped at over half a million variable DNA sites found that despite low average levels of genetic differentiation among Europeans, a close correspondence existed between genetic and geographic distances.
In addition to the indegenous Italic peoples, other groups have left traces. Proto-Celts had yet infiltrated and settled down in the western Po Valley area in the 13th century BC. The Etruscans, despite difficulty in tracing their true origins, had major influence in Etruria (modern Tuscany) and Central Italy. The ancient Greeks have left genetic traces in the South part of the peninsula dating back to the age of the Magna Graecia. The Central Italy population also were found to correspond with Greece and other Mediterranean groups, and were relatively similar to Southern Italians. Averages for the country as a whole clustered with Spain and Portugal.
A Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore study found that while Greek colonization left little significant genetic contribution, data analysis sampling 12 sites in the Italian peninsula supported a male demic diffusion model and Neolithic admixture with Mesolithic inhabitants.
Although Sardinians do not constitute a homogeneous population, Sardinia has unique genetic composition, when compared to other Italian, European and Mediterranean populations; having Italian, Greece and Phoenician input.
The Romans romanized the entire peninsula and preserved common unity until the 5th century AD. In the later centuries of the Western Roman Empire, the militarily-weakened Italian Peninsula was infiltered by Germanic peoples crossing the Alps, establishing settlements in north-central Italy and to a lesser degree in the south. These Germanic tribes; however, were of a notably fewer number than the existing Roman population in Italy (numbering from around five to possibly ten million Italians, while the lombard migrations for instance numbered around 200,000 ), and thus, underwent rapid Romanization.
The Byzantine Greeks were an important power in Central and southern Italy for five centuries, forming the Byzantine Empire. Greek speakers were fairly common throughout Southern Italy and Sicily until the 11th century when Byzantine rule ended: a few small Greek-speaking communities (the Griko people) still exist in Calabria and Apulia. See also Ancient Greece.
In 827 AD, the island of Sicily was invaded starting a period of Arab influence in Sicily. Arabs controlled Sicily until the Norman Christians conquered much of southern Italy and all of Sicily in 1091 AD.
For almost 400 years (12th to 15th centuries) after Norman rule, Swabian (German) and Angevin (French) swapped control of regions in Italy, predominately southern Italy and Sicily. During the 11th through 16th century the majority of city-states from Northern and Central Italy remained independent, nurturing the era now known as the Renaissance. Habsburg Spain and Bourbon Spain dominated in southern Italy. From the 16th Century right through to unification, most of the Italian states were controlled by the emerging European political powers, most notably the Austrian Habsburgs, Spain, and by the 19th century, Napoleonic France and in the case of Veneto, Austria-Hungary.
In 1720, Sicily came under Austrian Habsburg rule and was swapped between various European powers until Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered Sicily and southern Italy, allowing for the annexation of the former Kingdom of the Two Sicilies into the new Italian state in 1860 (see Risorgimento).
Since the 19th century, the economic conditions of the agrarian southern and north-eastern regions resulted in mass migration from these regions to the Americas, industrial parts of northern Italy, and to other parts of Western Europe such as France and Belgium. By the 1970s economic conditions in the poorer regions of Italy improved to the point that even the less-developed regions of South Italy received more immigrants than it sent outwards.
Today, the population of Italy is less concentrated in large cities than in other European countries, with 67% of Italians living in a major urban area- compared to 76% of French, 88% of Germans and 90% of Britons. The vast majority of Italians live outside of the large (over 1,000,000 population) cities.
From the Lombard invasion until the mid-19th century, Italy was not the nation-state it is today. The Italian regions were fractured into various kingdoms, duchies, and domains. As a result, Italian dialects or regional minority languages and customs evolved independently. While all Italian states were similar and they retained basic elements of Roman language and culture, each developed its own regional culture and identity. As a result, even to this day, Italians define themselves primarily by their home region, province or city, and many still speak a local dialect or regional language in addition to standard Italian. Regional diversity is important to many Italians, and some regions also have strong local identities.
Some non-Italian speaking minorities live in Italy and are Italian citizens. Around 360,000 German Bavarian speakers live in the extreme northern province of South Tyrol. Portions of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region have a small Slovene-speaking minority of Slavic origin. A small cluster of French-speaking people live in the region of Aosta Valley and a small Catalan-speaking enclave in Sardinia goes back five centuries after first settled by Catalans from Catalonia in Spain. In addition, two minor Italic languages are spoken outside of modern Italy—Corsican in Corsica, France and Romansh in eastern Switzerland. In Istria and Dalmatia there are significant Italian speaking communities. There are Greek-speaking communities known as the Griko people found in various regional clusters of Calabria (Province of Reggio Calabria) and Puglia (peninsula of Salento), (the old Magna Graecia region). There are several clusters of Albanian-speaking (Arbëreshë) communities in southern Italy, the language which belong to the 15th century Skanderbegians who fled Albania. The Maltese language is also spoken.
Italian contributions to architecture and engineering are numerous since ancient times. Renowned architects include Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Vasari, Palladio and Bernini.
The rise of humanism and modern commerce can be attributed to conditions found in Italy during the Renaissance. This ambience also lead to the rise of the "universal man", of which Leonardo da Vinci often is considered as the prime example.
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, also known as Fibonacci was a mathematician whose system is used in the analysis of financial markets.
Ingredients and dishes vary by region (for example in Apulia there are "taralli", "frise", "pizzarieddi and orecchiette"; in Emilia Romagna there are "ravioli"). There are many significant regional dishes that have become both national and regional. Many dishes that were once regional, however, have proliferated in different variations across the country in the present day, like "lasagne". Cheese and wine (Primitivo di Manduria and Brunello di Montalcino are some of the best wines in the world) are also a major part of the cuisine, playing different roles both regionally and nationally with their many variations and Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) (regulated appellation) laws. Coffee, and more specifically espresso, has become highly important to the cultural cuisine of Italy.
Over 70 million people of full or partial Italian descent live outside of Europe, with nearly 50 million living in South America (primarily Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay), about 19 million living in North America (United States and Canada) and 850,000 in Australia. Millions of others live in other parts of Europe (primarily France, Germany and Switzerland). Most Italian citizens living abroad live in other nations of the European Union. Small Italian neighborhoods can be found in urban centers throughout Europe such as Great Britain (see Italian Scots and Welsh Italians), as well small waves of pre-WWI ethnic Italian Austria-Hungary subjects in factory towns of Poland and post-WWII guest workers from southern Italy arrived in Sweden.
There is a history of Italians working and living outside of the Italian Peninsula since ancient times. Italian bankers and traders expanded to all parts of Europe and the Mediterranean, sometimes creating outposts. In medieval times, there was a significant permanent presence in Flanders, Lyon, Paris, Prague, Vienna and outposts were created throughout the Mediterranean and the Middle East, such as Egypt had ethnic Italian residents. Since the Renaissance, the services of Italian architects and artists were sought by many of Europe's royal courts, as far as Russia (i.e. the Venetian Italian communities of Taganrog, Russia and Odessa, Ukraine). This migration, though generally small in numbers, and sometimes ephemeral, pre-dates the unification of Italian states.
Italy became an important source for emigrants after about 1870. More than 10 million Italians emigrated between 1870 and 1920. In the beginning (1870–1880), the main destination of the migrants were other European countries (France, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Luxembourg), where most Italians worked for some time and then returned to Italy. During this time many Italians also went to the Americas, especially to Brazil, Argentina and the United States. From about 1880 until the end of the early 1900s, the main destinations for Italian immigrants were Brazil, Argentina as well to Uruguay. Smaller migration patterns of Italians went to Mexico, the United States, and Corsicans constituted a large proportion of immigrants to Puerto Rico (see Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico). Substantial early 20th century Italian immigration to Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Venezuela is also mentioned.
Italians arrived in Australia most prominently in the decades immediately following the Second World War, and they and their descendents have had a significant impact on the culture, society and economy of Australia. Italian migration to Australia prior to the Second World War was strongly influenced by the application of Australia's White Australia Policy which favoured Northern Italian migrants over Southern Italians. The 2006 Census counted 199,124 persons who were born in Italy, and Italian is the fifth most identified ancestry in Australia with 852,418 responses, excluding interfamily marriages . Italian Australians experienced a relatively low rate of return migration to Italy.
Brazil is home to 30 million Italian Brazilians, the largest number of people with full or partial Italian ancestry outside of Italy. The country was in need of workers to embrace the vast coffee plantations, and Italian immigrants became a main source of manpower for its agriculture and industry.
A substantial influx of Italian immigrants to Canada began in the early 20th century when over a hundred thousand Italians moved to Canada. In the post-war years (1945-early 1970s) another influx of Italians emigrated to Canada, again from the south but also from Veneto and Friuli and displaced Italians from Istria.
Starting in the late 19th century until the 1950s, the United States became a main destination for Italian immigrants, most settling originally in the New York metropolitan area, Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, New Orleans and Chicago. Many Italian Americans still retain aspects of their culture. In movies that deal with cultural issues, Italian American words and lingo are sometimes spoken by the characters. Although many do not speak Italian fluently, over 1 million speak Italian at home according to the 2000 US Census.
Italian migration into what is today France has been going on, in different migrating cycles, for centuries, beginning in prehistoric times right to the modern age. In addition, Corsica passed from the Republic of Genoa to France in 1770, and the area around Nice and Savoy from the Kingdom of Sardinia to France in 1860. Initially, Italian immigration to modern France (late 18th to the early 20th C.) came predominantly from northern Italy (Piedmont, Veneto), then from central Italy (Marche, Umbria), mostly to the bordering southeastern region of Provence. It wasn't until after World War II that large numbers of immigrants from southern Italy immigrated to France, usually settling in industrialised areas of France, such as Lorraine, Paris and Lyon. Today, it is estimated that as many as 5 million French nationals have Italian ancestry going back three generations.
In Switzerland, Italian immigrants (not to be confused with a large autochthonous population of Italophones in Ticino and Grigioni) reached the country starting in the late 19th century, most of whom eventually came back to Italy after the rise of Italian Fascism. Future Fascist leader Benito Mussolini emigrated in Switzerland in 1902, only to be deported after becoming involved in the socialist movement. A new migratory wave began after 1945, favoured by the lax immigration laws then in force.
Today, there are still some Italian descendents remnant in African nations since colonial days, although most returned to Italy or moved elsewhere after the second world war. There is a significant post-colonial immigrant community, however, in South Africa.
The Dalmatian cities retained their Romanic culture and language in cities such as Zadar (''Zara''), Split (city) (''Spalato'') and Dubrovnik (''Ragusa''). The 1816 Austro-Hungarian census registered 66,000 Italian-speaking people amongst the 301,000 inhabitants of Dalmatia, or 22% of the total Dalmatian population.
In France (County of Nice, parts of Savoy), autochthonous speakers of regional languages of Italy (Ligurian and Piedmontese), are natives in the region since before annexation to France in 1860, in addition to descendants of Italians that migrated to the areas when they were part of Italian states. The number of inhabitants with Italian ancestry is generally undeterminable, and the use of French language is now ubiquitous. In addition, Corsica was a part of the Republic of Genoa until 1770 and, until recently, most Corsicans spoke the Corsican language.
Country | Population| | References | Criterion | Primary source | Year |
Italians in Germany | 582,111| | Italian citizenship | rowspan=13Italian Minister of the Interior | Italian Ministry of the Interior |>rowspan=13| 31-12-2007 | |
Italian Argentine | Italians in Argentina | 527,570 | |||
Italians in France | 348,722 | ||||
Italian Belgian | Italians in Belgium | 235,673 | |||
Italian Brazilian | Italians in Brazil | 229,746 | |||
Italian American | Italians in the US | 200,560 | |||
Italian British | Italians in the UK | 170,927 | |||
Italian Canadian | Italians in Canada | 131,775 | |||
Italian Australian | Italians in Australia | 120,239 | |||
Italo-Venezuelans | Italians in Venezuela | 94,704 | |||
Italians in Spain | 83,924 | ||||
Italian settlement in Uruguay | Italians in Uruguay | 71,115 |
Country | Population| | References | Criterion | Primary source | Year |
Italian immigration to Switzerland | Italians in Switzerland | 530,000| | ? | ? | |
Italians in Belgium | 290,000| | ? | N.Perrin, M.Poulan, Italiens de Belgique. Analyses socio-démographiques et analyses d’appartenances | 2002 |
Country | Population (% of country)| | References | Criterion | Primary source | Year | |
Italian American | American people of Italian descent | 17,829,184 (~6%)| | Self-description | US Census Bureau | 2000 | |
Italian Argentine | Argentines of Italian descent | 20,000,000 (~60%)| | ? | FedItalia | ? | |
Italian Australian | Australians of Italian descent | 852,421 (4%)| | Self-description | Australian Bureau of Statistics | 2006 | |
Italian Brazilian | Brazilians of Italian descent | 30,000,000 (18%)| | 15% of 190 M. inhab. | Italian Embassy at Brasília | ? | |
Italian Canadian | Canadian people of Italian descent | 1,445,330 (~4.5%)| | Self-description | Statistics Canada | 2006 | |
Italian Chilean | Chileans of Italian descent | 150,000 (~5%)| | → Italian Chilean | ? | 1996 | |
Italians in France | French people of Italian descent | 5,000,000 (~9%)| | ? | ? | ? | |
Italian Peruvian | Peruvian people of Italian descent | 500,000 (ca. 1.7%)| | ? | ? | ? | |
Italian settlement in Uruguay | Uruguayans of Italian descent | 1,500,000 (~42%)| | ? | ? | ? |
*Italians Category:Ethnic groups in Croatia Category:Ethnic groups in Europe Category:Ethnic groups in Italy Category:Ethnic groups in Slovenia Category:Italian society Category:Romance peoples
ar:طليان an:Italians az:İtalyanlar be:Італьянцы bo:ཨི་ཏ་ལིའི་མི། bs:Italijani bg:Италианци cs:Italové de:Italiener es:Italianos eo:Italoj eu:Italiar fr:Italiens fur:Popul talian ko:이탈리아인 hr:Talijani id:Bangsa Italia os:Италиаг адæм it:Italiani he:איטלקים ka:იტალიელები lv:Itāļi lt:Italai hu:Olaszok mk:Италијанци nl:Italianen ja:イタリア人 pl:Włosi pt:Italianos ro:Italieni ru:Итальянцы sah:Италиалар sk:Taliani sl:Italijani ckb:ئیتاڵیایی sr:Italijani sh:Italijani fi:Italialaiset tl:Mga Italyano th:ชาวอิตาลี uk:Італійці ug:ئىتاليانلار vi:Người Ý zh:義大利人This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 41°52′55″N87°37′40″N |
---|---|
name | Eddie Murphy |
birth name | Edward Regan Murphy |
birth date | April 03, 1961 |
birth place | Brooklyn, New York, United States |
medium | Film, Television, Stand-up, Music, Books |
nationality | American |
active | 1976–present |
genre | Observational comedy, Musical comedy, Black comedy, Satire, Physical comedy |
subject | Race relations, Racism, African American culture, Marriage, Everyday life, Current events, Pop culture, Human sexuality |
influences | Bill Cosby, Richard Pryor, Peter Sellers, Redd Foxx |
spouse | Nicole Mitchell (1993–2006) (divorced) 5 childrenTracey Edmonds (2008) (annulled) |
domesticpartner | Melanie Brown (2006–07) 1 child |
othername | Fred Braughton, Edward "Eddie" Regan Murphy, Edie Murphy, Edward Regan Murphy, Eddy Murphy |
notable work | Axel Foley in ''Beverly Hills Cop'' Various on ''Saturday Night Live''''Shrek'' series |
website | }} |
Box office takes from Murphy's films makes him the second-highest grossing actor in the United States. He was a regular cast member on ''Saturday Night Live'' from 1980 to 1984 and has worked as a stand-up comedian. He was ranked #10 on Comedy Central's list of the 100 Greatest Stand-ups of All Time.
He has received Golden Globe Award nominations for his performances in ''48 Hrs'', ''Beverly Hills Cop'' series, ''Trading Places'', and ''The Nutty Professor''. In 2007, he won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of soul singer James "Thunder" Early in ''Dreamgirls''.
Murphy's work as a voice actor includes Thurgood Stubbs in ''The PJs'', Donkey in the ''Shrek'' series and the dragon Mushu in Disney's ''Mulan''. In some of his films, he plays multiple roles in addition to his main character, intended as a tribute to one of his idols Peter Sellers, who played multiple roles in ''Dr. Strangelove'' and elsewhere. Murphy has played multiple roles in ''Coming to America'', Wes Craven's ''Vampire In Brooklyn'', the ''Nutty Professor'' films (where he played the title role in two incarnations, plus his father, brother, mother, and grandmother), ''Bowfinger'', and 2007's ''Norbit''.
In 1982, Murphy made his big screen debut in the film ''48 Hrs.'' with Nick Nolte. ''48 Hrs.'' proved to be a hit when it was released in the Christmas season of 1982. Nolte was scheduled to host the December 11, 1982 Christmas episode of ''Saturday Night Live'', but became too ill to host, so Murphy took over. He became the only cast member to host while still a regular. Murphy opened the show with the phrase, "Live from New York, It's the Eddie Murphy Show!" The following year, Murphy starred in ''Trading Places'' with fellow ''SNL'' alumnus Dan Aykroyd. The movie marked the first of Murphy's collaborations with director John Landis (who also directed Murphy in ''Coming to America'' and ''Beverly Hills Cop III'') and proved to be an even greater box office success than ''48 Hrs''. In 1984, Murphy starred in the successful action comedy film ''Beverly Hills Cop''. The film was Murphy's first full-fledged starring vehicle, originally intended to star Sylvester Stallone (who later tweaked the script as his own starring vehicle ''Cobra'' in 1986). ''Beverly Hills Cop'' grossed over $230 million at the box office and is 40th in the list of all-time total U.S. box office grosses (4th-highest amongst "R" rated films), after adjusting for inflation, .
In 1984, Murphy appeared in ''Best Defense'', co-starring Dudley Moore. Murphy, who was credited as a "Strategic Guest Star", was added to the film after an original version was completed but tested poorly with audiences. ''Best Defense'' was a major financial and critical disappointment. When he hosted ''SNL'', Murphy joined the chorus of those bashing ''Best Defense'', calling it "the worst movie in the history of everything". Murphy's ''Trading Places'' co-star Dan Aykroyd had originally written the character of Winston Zeddemore in ''Ghostbusters'' specifically for Murphy, but he was unable to commit at the time due to the ''Beverly Hills Cop'' shooting schedule. The part ultimately went to Ernie Hudson. Murphy was also offered a part in 1986's ''Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home'', a role that, after being heavily re-written from comic relief to love interest, ultimately went to future ''7th Heaven'' star Catherine Hicks. By this point Murphy's near-exclusive contract with Paramount Pictures rivaled ''Star Trek'' as Paramount's most lucrative franchise.
In 1986, Murphy starred in the supernatural comedy, ''The Golden Child''. ''The Golden Child'' was originally intended to be a serious adventure picture starring Mel Gibson. After Gibson turned the role down, the project was offered to Murphy as it was subsequently rewritten as a partial comedy. Although ''The Golden Child'' (featuring Murphy's "I want the knife!" routine) performed well at the box office, the movie was not as critically acclaimed as ''48 Hrs.'', ''Trading Places'', and ''Beverly Hills Cop''. ''The Golden Child'' was considered a change of pace for Murphy because of the supernatural setting as opposed to the more "street smart" settings of Murphy's previous efforts. A year later, Murphy reprised his role of Axel Foley in the Tony Scott-directed ''Beverly Hills Cop II''. It was a box office success, grossing over $150 million. Producers reportedly wanted to turn the ''Beverly Hills Cop'' franchise into a weekly television series. Murphy declined the television offer, but was willing to do a film sequel instead.
Murphy was one of the last movie actors to sign an exclusive contract with a studio. In this case, it was Paramount Pictures, which released all of his early films.
Murphy recorded the album ''Love's Alright'' in the early 1990s. He performed in a music video of the single "Whatzupwitu", featuring Michael Jackson. He recorded a duet with Shabba Ranks called "I Was a King". In 1992, Murphy appeared in Michael Jackson's "Remember the Time" video alongside Magic Johnson and Iman.
Though uncredited, Murphy provided vocal work on ''SNL'' castmate Joe Piscopo's comedy single, "The Honeymooners Rap." Piscopo impersonated Jackie Gleason on the single, while Murphy provided an imitation of Art Carney.
In ''Coming to America'', he imitated Jackie Wilson when he sang "To Be Loved", but because the character he was playing had a thick accent, he had to sing it in character. In later years, Murphy performed several songs in the ''Shrek'' film franchise. In the first film, he performed a version of "I'm a Believer" in the film's final scene; in ''Shrek 2'' he performed Ricky Martin's hit "Livin' La Vida Loca" along with co-star Antonio Banderas.
Murphy's all-time favorite singer is Elvis Presley.
During this period Murphy was criticized by filmmaker Spike Lee for not using his show business stature to help black actors break into film, despite Murphy's films (especially those he produced) often being populated with predominately black casts (''Coming To America, Harlem Nights, Boomerang, Vampire In Brooklyn, Life''). Many black actors who would later gain wider recognition make early appearances in Murphy films such as Damon Wayans in ''Beverly Hills Cop'', Halle Berry and Martin Lawrence in ''Boomerang'', Samuel L. Jackson and Cuba Gooding Jr. in ''Coming to America,'' Dave Chappelle in ''The Nutty Professor'' and Chris Rock in ''Beverly Hills Cop II''.
Although Murphy has enjoyed commercial success since ''Saturday Night Live'', he has never attended cast reunions or anniversary specials, nor did he participate in the making of the ''Live From New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live'' retrospective book by Tom Shales and James Andrew Miller (2002).
In 2006, he starred in the motion picture version of the Broadway musical ''Dreamgirls'' as soul singer James "Thunder" Early. Murphy won a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor, as well as a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award in that category. Several reviews for the film highlighted Murphy's performance while he received some pre-release Academy Awards buzz. Murphy was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor on January 23, 2007, but lost to Alan Arkin for his performance in ''Little Miss Sunshine''. ''Dreamgirls'' was the first film distributed by Paramount Pictures to star Murphy (who once was on an exclusive contract with the studio) since ''Vampire in Brooklyn'' in 1995.
In 2007, Murphy was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. As a result of Viacom's acquisition of Dreamworks SKG, Paramount distributed his other 2007 releases: ''Norbit'' and ''Shrek the Third''. He starred in the 2008 film ''Meet Dave'' and the 2009 film ''Imagine That'' for Paramount Pictures.
Murphy will also co-star in ''Tower Heist'', Brett Ratner's heist movie. Murphy stars as part of a group of hardworking men who find out they have fallen victim to a wealthy business man's Ponzi scheme, and conspire to rob his high-rise residence. Ben Stiller, Matthew Broderick, and Casey Affleck are also starring in the film. Brian Grazer is producing the picture for his Imagine Entertainment shingle, and will be distributed by Universal Pictures on November 4, 2011.
Murphy's first and oldest child was by Paulette McNeely: son Eric Murphy (born on 10 July 1989). He also has a child by Tamara Hood: son Christian Murphy (born on 29 November 1990).
Murphy began a longtime romantic relationship with Nicole Mitchell (born January 5, 1968) after meeting her in 1988 at an NAACP Image Awards show. They lived together for almost two years before getting married at the Grand Ballroom of The Plaza Hotel in New York City on March 18, 1993. Murphy and Mitchell had five children together: Bria L. Murphy (born November 18, 1989), Myles Mitchell (born November 7, 1992), Shayne Audra (born October 10, 1994), Zola Ivy (born December 24, 1999) and Bella Zahra (born January 29, 2002). In August 2005, Mitchell filed for divorce, citing "irreconcilable differences". The divorce was finalized on April 17, 2006.
The Murphy family currently resides in Long Island, New York.
Following his divorce from Mitchell, in 2006, Murphy began dating former Spice Girl Melanie B, who became pregnant and stated that the child was Murphy's. When questioned about the pregnancy in December 2006 by ''RTL Boulevard,'' Murphy told Dutch reporter Matthijs Kleyn, "I don't know whose child that is until it comes out and has a blood test. You shouldn't jump to conclusions, sir". Brown gave birth to a baby girl, Angel Iris Murphy Brown, on Murphy's 46th birthday, April 3, 2007. On June 22, 2007, representatives for Brown announced in ''People'' that a DNA test had confirmed that Murphy was the father. Brown has stated in an interview that Murphy has not sought a relationship with Angel.
Murphy exchanged marriage vows with film producer Tracey Edmonds, former wife of Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, on January 1, 2008, in a private ceremony on an island off Bora Bora. It was announced on January 16, 2008, that they never legally wed, had decided to forgo legalizing their union, and had instead chosen to remain friends.
According to Murphy's childhood friend Harris Haith in his book, ''Growing Up Laughing With Eddie'', long before Murphy did any writing for ''Coming to America'', Art Buchwald had approached Paramount Pictures with the idea for a similar film. His material was rejected, but the information was retained by Paramount. They liked Buchwald's idea but did not see fit to pay him and saved it for use later down the road. Some years later, Paramount presented the idea of ''Coming to America'' to Eddie and gave him the contract. Murphy wrote a screenplay that came to light exactly as it aired on the silver screen. In 1988, Buchwald sued Murphy and Paramount Pictures, but Murphy was not found liable because Paramount had received the material.
In May 1997, Murphy was stopped by police with a transvestite prostitute in his car shortly before the release of ''Holy Man'', causing him a number of public relations problems.
colspan=4 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film | |||
Year | Title | Role | Notes | |
1982 | ''48 Hrs.'' | Reggie Hammond | ||
1983 | ''Trading Places''| | Billy Ray Valentine | Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy | |
1983 | ''Eddie Murphy Delirious''| | Himself | Also Producer | |
rowspan="2" | 1984 | ''Best Defense''| | Lieutenant T.M. Landry | |
''Beverly Hills Cop'' | Axel Foley>Det. Axel Foley | |||
1986 | ''The Golden Child''| | Chandler Jarrell | ||
rowspan="2" | 1987 | ''Beverly Hills Cop II''| | Axel Foley>Det. Axel Foley | |
''Eddie Murphy Raw'' | Himself | |||
1988 | ''Coming to America''| | Prince Akeem/Clarence/Randy Watson/Saul | ||
1989 | ''Harlem Nights''| | Quick (real name Vernest Brown) | Also Director and Writer | |
1990 | ''Another 48 Hrs.''| | Reggie Hammond | ||
rowspan="2" | 1992 | ''Boomerang (1992 film)Boomerang'' || | Marcus Graham | |
''The Distinguished Gentleman'' | Thomas Jefferson Johnson | |||
1994 | ''Beverly Hills Cop III''| | Axel Foley>Det. Axel Foley | ||
1995 | ''Vampire in Brooklyn''| | Maximillian/Preacher Pauly/Guido | Also Producer | |
1996 | ''The Nutty Professor (1996 film)The Nutty Professor'' || | Professor Sherman Klump/Buddy Love/ Lance Perkins/Cletus 'Papa' Klump/ Anna Pearl 'Mama' Jensen Klump/ Ida Mae 'Granny' Jensen/Ernie Klump, Sr. | Also Producer Saturn Award for Best Actor National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy | |
1997 | ''Metro (1997 film)Metro'' || | Insp. Scott Roper | ||
rowspan="3" | 1998 | ''Mulan (1998 film)Mulan'' || | Mushu | (voice) |
''Dr. Dolittle (film) | Doctor Dolittle'' | Doctor Dolittle>Dr. John Dolittle | ||
''Holy Man'' | G | |||
rowspan="2" | 1999 | ''Life (film)Life'' || | Rayford "Ray" Gibson | Also Producer |
''Bowfinger'' | Kit Ramsey/Jeffernson 'Jiff' Ramsey | |||
2000 | ''Nutty Professor II: The Klumps''| | Professor Sherman Klump/Buddy Love/ Lance Perkins/Cletus 'Papa' Klump/ Anna Pearl 'Mama' Jensen Klump/ Ida Mae 'Granny' Jensen/Ernie Klump | Also Producer Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy | |
rowspan="2" | 2001 | ''Shrek''| | Donkey (Shrek)>Donkey | (voice) Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Male Performer in an Animated Feature Production Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role Nominated – Black Reel Award: Best Supporting Actor |
''Dr. Dolittle 2'' | Doctor Dolittle>Dr. John Dolittle | |||
rowspan="3" | 2002 | ''Showtime (film)Showtime'' || | Officer Trey Sellers | |
''The Adventures of Pluto Nash'' | Pluto Nash/Rex Crater | |||
''I Spy (film) | I Spy'' | Kelly Robinson | ||
rowspan="2" | 2003 | ''Daddy Day Care''| | Charles "Charlie" Hinton | |
''The Haunted Mansion (film) | The Haunted Mansion'' | Jim Evers | ||
2004 | ''Shrek 2''| | Donkey (Shrek)>Donkey | (voice) | |
2006 | ''Dreamgirls (film)Dreamgirls'' || | Dreamgirls (film)#Cast>James 'Thunder' Early | Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor Central Ohio Film Critics Association for Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Nominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated – Black Reel Award: Best Supporting Actor Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated – Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture | |
rowspan="2" | 2007 | ''Norbit''| | Norbit Rice/Rasputia Latimore-Rice/Mr. Wong | Also Producer |
''Shrek the Third'' | Donkey (Shrek)Donkey ||(voice)Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie | |||
2008 | ''Meet Dave''| | Starship Dave Ming-Chang (Spacecraft), Captain | ||
2009 | ''Imagine That (film)Imagine That'' || | Evan Danielson | ||
2010 | ''Shrek Forever After''| | Donkey (Shrek)>Donkey | 2011 Kids' Choice Awards>Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie | |
2011 | ''Tower Heist''| | Leo "Slide" Dalphael |
colspan=4 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Television | ||
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
1980–1984 | ''Saturday Night Live'' | ||
1983 | ''Eddie Murphy DeliriousEddie Murphy: Delirious'' || | ||
1989 | ''What's Alan Watching?''| | ||
1993 | ''Dangerous - The Short Films''| | Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh | Remember the Time music video |
1999–2001 | ''The PJs''| | Thurgood Stubbs | Voice Nominated – Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production (1999) Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour) (1999) |
2007 | ''Shrek the Halls''| | Donkey (Shrek)>Donkey | TV special Voice Nominated – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production |
2010 | ''Donkey's Christmas Shrektacular''| | Donkey (Shrek)>Donkey | TV special Voice |
Year | Album details | Peak chartpositions | |||
! width="40" | ! width="40" | ||||
1982 | align="left" | * Release date: 1982 | * Label: CBS Records | 97 | — |
1983 | align="left" | * Release date: 1983 | * Label: CBS Records | 35 | 10 |
1985 | * Release date: 1985 | * Label: CBS Records | 26 | 17 | |
1989 | * Release date: 1989 | * Label: CBS Records | 70 | 22 | |
1993 | * Release date: February 23, 1993 | * Label: Motown Records | — | 80 | |
! Year | ! Album details | ||
1997 | ''Greatest Comedy Hits'' | * Release date: May 27, 1997 | * Label: Columbia Records |
1998 | ''All I Fuckin' Know'' | * Release date: April 28, 1998 | * Label: Sony BMG |
Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | ||||
! width="35" | ! width="35" | ! width="35" | ! width="35" | ! width="35" | |||
1982 | — | 56 | — | — | — | ||
2 | 8 | 19 | 3 | 87 | |||
— | 63 | — | — | — | |||
27 | 2 | — | — | — | |||
— | 75 | — | — | — | |||
— | 61 | — | — | 64 | |||
— | 74 | — | — | — | |||
— | — | — | — | — | |||
style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Award | Year | Category | Work | Outcome |
Academy Awards | 2007 | Nominated | |||
1999 | Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production | ''The PJs'' | Nominated | ||
2001 | Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Male Performer in an Animated Feature Production | ''Shrek'' | Won | ||
2008 | Best Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production | ''Shrek the Halls'' | Nominated | ||
BAFTA Awards | 2002 | ''Shrek'' | Nominated | ||
2000 | Best Actor in a Motion Picture | ''Bowfinger'' | Nominated | ||
2002 | ''Shrek'' | Nominated | |||
2007 | Nominated | ||||
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards | 2007 | Won | |||
Central Ohio Film Critics Association | 2007 | Best Supporting Actor | Won | ||
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards | 2007 | Nominated | |||
rowspan=4 | 1983 | Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy, Variety or Music Series | ''Saturday Night Live'' | Nominated | |
Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program | ''Saturday Night Live'' | Nominated | |||
''Saturday Night Live'' | Nominated | ||||
1999 | ''The PJs''"He's Gotta Have It" | Nominated | |||
1983 | ''48 Hrs.'' | ||||
1984 | ''Trading Places'' | ||||
1997 | |||||
1985 | ''Beverly Hills Cop'' | ||||
2007 | Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture>Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture | Won | |||
2005 | Best Voice from an Animated Film | ''Shrek 2'' | Nominated | ||
2008 | Best Voice from an Animated Film | ''Shrek the Third'' | Won | ||
2011 | Best Voice from an Animated Film | ''Shrek Forever After'' | Won | ||
1997 | Outstanding Lead Actor in a Motion Picture | Nominated | |||
2007 | Actor in a Supporting Role | Nominated | |||
National Society of Film Critics Awards | 1997 | Won | |||
Online Film Critics Society Awards | 2007 | Nominated | |||
1996 | rowspan=2 | ||||
2001 | ''Nutty Professor II: The Klumps'' | ||||
1997 | Won | ||||
2002 | ''Shrek'' | Nominated | |||
rowspan=2 | Won | ||||
Nominated |
Category:1961 births Category:20th-century actors Category:21st-century actors Category:American stand-up comedians Category:American voice actors Category:Actors from New York City Category:African American film actors Category:African American comedians Category:African American singers Category:African American television actors Category:American impressionists (entertainers) Category:American screenwriters Category:American video game actors Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Living people Category:People from Bushwick, Brooklyn Category:People from Nassau County, New York Category:Saturn Award winners Category:Annie Award winners
ar:إيدي ميرفي an:Eddie Murphy az:Eddi Mörfi bs:Eddie Murphy bg:Еди Мърфи ca:Eddie Murphy cs:Eddie Murphy cy:Eddie Murphy da:Eddie Murphy de:Eddie Murphy et:Eddie Murphy es:Eddie Murphy eo:Eddie Murphy fa:ادی مورفی fr:Eddie Murphy ga:Eddie Murphy ko:에디 머피 hi:एडी मर्फी hr:Eddie Murphy io:Eddie Murphy id:Eddie Murphy it:Eddie Murphy he:אדי מרפי jv:Eddie Murphy ka:ედი მერფი sw:Eddie Murphy lv:Edijs Mērfijs hu:Eddie Murphy arz:إدي ميرفى nah:Eddie Murphy nl:Eddie Murphy (acteur) ja:エディ・マーフィ no:Eddie Murphy nn:Eddie Murphy oc:Eddie Murphy pl:Eddie Murphy pt:Eddie Murphy ro:Eddie Murphy ru:Мёрфи, Эдди sq:Eddie Murphy simple:Eddie Murphy srn:Eddie Murphy sr:Еди Мерфи sh:Eddie Murphy fi:Eddie Murphy sv:Eddie Murphy tl:Eddie Murphy tt:Эдди Мерфи te:ఎడీ మర్ఫీ th:เอ็ดดี้ เมอร์ฟี tr:Eddie Murphy uk:Едді Мерфі zh:艾迪·墨菲This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 41°52′55″N87°37′40″N |
---|---|
name | Russell Peters |
birth name | Russell Dominic Peters |
birth date | September 29, 1970 |
birth place | Brampton, Ontario, Canada |
medium | Stand-up, Television, Film, Radio |
nationality | Canadian |
genre | Satire, Improvisational comedy, Observational comedy |
active | 1989–present |
subject | Racism, Race relations, Stereotypes, Multiculturalism, Indian culture |
influences | George Carlin, Steve Martin, Cheech and Chong, Don Rickles, Eddie Murphy |
signature | Russell Peters Autograph.svg |
website | RussellPeters.com |
spouse | Monica Diaz (2010–present) 1 child }} |
He went to Georges Vanier Catholic Elementary School from kindergarten to grade 8, Bramalea Secondary School for grades 9–10, and North Peel Secondary School for grades 11–12 in Brampton.
He hosted the Canada Day Comedy Festival 2006. His comedy special ''Russell Peters: Outsourced'', aired on Comedy Central on August 16, 2006. The DVD version features his uncensored performance. The DVD has been popular, especially in Canada, selling over 100,000 copies. ''Outsourced'' remained on the National DVD Chart over one and a half years after release.
In September 2008, it was confirmed that Peters made a deal with Fox to develop a new sitcom, based on his experience in Canada. Peters says, "It's really a snapshot of where my family maybe was ten years ago" and he ensures that the sitcom is "Something that will be funny and honest." Peters participated in a USO tour of Iraq, Afghanistan, Germany, Africa and Greenland in November 2007 with Wilmer Valderrama and Mayra Veronica. Peters' latest DVD/CD combo ''Russell Peters: Red, White, and Brown'' was recorded on February 2, 2008, at The WAMU Theatre at Madison Square Garden. Peters and his brother, Clayton Peters, who is also his manager, self-produced and financed ''Red, White and Brown''. It was released in Canada in September 2008 and in the US on January 27, 2009. Peters also currently produces and stars on the radio situation comedy series, ''Monsoon House'', on CBC Radio One.
Peters was the host of the 2008 Juno Awards televised ceremonies in Calgary on April 6, 2008, for which he won a Gemini Award for "Best Performance or Host in a Variety Program or Series". The 2008 awards broadcast received the second-highest ratings ever for the program. He was asked to host the Juno Awards for a second year in a row. The 2009 Juno Awards took place in Vancouver on March 29, 2009.
Between June 2008 and June 2009, Peters earned $10 million, making him one of the highest-paid comedians during that twelve-month period.
Between June 2008 and June 2010, Peters earned $15 million, continuing his run as one of the highest-paid comedians.
On October 26, 2010, Peters released his autobiography, ''Call me Russell'', co - written with his brother Clayton and Dannis Koromilas.
Russell first appeared as a guest on the Joe Rogan podcast on December 17th 2010, episode 63. On June 21st 2011, Russell went onto the Joe Rogan podcast again, this time with Junior Simpson. Joe Rogan was the main host and Brian Redban was the co-host/technician.
On June 28, 2011 it was announced that Peters will receive a star on Canada's Walk of Fame and will be inducted on October 1 at Elgin Theatre in Toronto.
Title | Year |
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Peters is scheduled to star as "Pervius" in ''National Lampoon's The Legend of Awesomest Maximus'' he is also going to appear in a CBC movie entitled 'Breakaway'. He also acted in Duncan Jones's movie ''Source Code'' as Max, an amateur comedian with a bad attitude. ;Acting roles – television
;Appearances on television
;Self
Category:1970 births Category:Actors from Ontario Category:Anglo-Indian people Category:Canadian expatriates in the United States Category:Canadian film actors Category:Canadian Internet personalities Category:Canadian people of Indian descent Category:Canadian radio actors Category:Canadian Roman Catholics Category:Canadian stand-up comedians Category:Gemini Award winners Category:Living people Category:People from Brampton
de:Russell Peters es:Russell Peters hi:रसेल पीटर्स it:Russell Peters kn:ರಸ್ಸೆಲ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ nl:Russell Peters ro:Russell Peters simple:Russell Peters ta:ரசல் பீட்டர்சு zh:罗素·彼得斯This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 41°52′55″N87°37′40″N |
---|---|
name | Monty Python |
medium | Television, film, theatre, audio recordings, books |
nationality | British |
active | 1969–1983 |
genre | Satire, Surreal humour, dark comedy |
influences | The Goons, Spike Milligan, Peter Cook |
influenced | Douglas Adams, Eddie Izzard, George Carlin, Vic and Bob, Matt Stone, Trey Parker |
notable work | ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'' (1969–1974)''And Now for Something Completely Different'' (1971)''Monty Python and the Holy Grail'' (1974)''Monty Python's Life of Brian'' (1979)''Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl'' (1982)''Monty Python's The Meaning of Life'' (1983) |
current members | Graham Chapman John Cleese Terry Gilliam Eric Idle Terry Jones Michael Palin |
website | PythOnline |
footnotes | }} |
Monty Python (sometimes known as The Pythons) was a British surreal comedy group who created their influential ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'', a British television comedy sketch show that first aired on the BBC on 5 October 1969. Forty-five episodes were made over four series. The Python phenomenon developed from the television series into something larger in scope and impact, spawning touring stage shows, films, numerous albums, several books and a stage musical as well as launching the members to individual stardom. The group's influence on comedy has been compared to Elvis Presley's influence on music.
The television series, broadcast by the BBC from 1969 to 1974, was conceived, written and performed by members Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. Loosely structured as a sketch show, but with an innovative stream-of-consciousness approach (aided by Gilliam's animation), it pushed the boundaries of what was acceptable in style and content. A self-contained comedy team responsible for both writing and performing their work, they changed the way performers entertained audiences. The Pythons' creative control allowed them to experiment with form and content, discarding rules of television comedy. Their influence on British comedy has been apparent for years, while in North America it has coloured the work of cult performers from the early editions of ''Saturday Night Live'' through to more recent absurdist trends in television comedy. "Pythonesque" has entered the English lexicon as a result.
In a 2005 UK poll to find ''The Comedian's Comedian'', three of the six Pythons members were voted by fellow comedians and comedy insiders to be among the top 50 greatest comedians ever: Cleese at #2, Idle at #21, and Palin at #30.
Python members appeared in and/or wrote the following shows before ''Monty Python's Flying Circus''. ''The Frost Report'' is credited as first uniting the British Pythons and providing an environment in which they could develop their particular styles:
Several featured other important British comedy writers or performers of the future, including Marty Feldman, Jonathan Lynn, David Jason and David Frost, as well as members of other future comedy teams, Ronnie Corbett and Ronnie Barker (the Two Ronnies), and Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie (the Goodies).
Following the success of ''Do Not Adjust Your Set'', originally intended to be a children's programme, with adults, ITV offered Palin, Jones, Idle and Gilliam their own series together. At the same time Cleese and Chapman were offered a show by the BBC, which had been impressed by their work on ''The Frost Report'' and ''At Last The 1948 Show''. Cleese was reluctant to do a two-man show for various reasons, including Chapman's supposedly difficult personality. Cleese had fond memories of working with Palin and invited him to join the team. With the ITV series still in pre-production, Palin agreed and suggested the involvement of his writing partner Jones and colleague Idle—who in turn suggested that Gilliam could provide animations for the projected series. Much has been made of the fact that the Monty Python troupe is the result of Cleese's desire to work with Palin and the chance circumstances that brought the other four members into the fold.
After much debate, Jones remembered an animation Gilliam had created for ''Do Not Adjust Your Set'' called ''Beware of the Elephants'', which had intrigued him with its stream-of-consciousness style. Jones felt it would be a good concept to apply to the series: allowing sketches to blend into one another. Palin had been equally fascinated by another of Gilliam's efforts, entitled ''Christmas Cards'', and agreed that it represented "a way of doing things differently". Since Cleese, Chapman and Idle were less concerned with the overall flow of the programme, it was Jones, Palin and Gilliam who became largely responsible for the presentation style of the ''Flying Circus'' series, in which disparate sketches are linked to give each episode the appearance of a single stream-of-consciousness (often using a Gilliam animation to move from the closing image of one sketch to the opening scene of another).
Writing started at 9 am and finished at 5 pm. Typically, Cleese and Chapman worked as one pair isolated from the others, as did Jones and Palin, while Idle wrote alone. After a few days, they would join together with Gilliam, critique their scripts, and exchange ideas. Their approach to writing was democratic. If the majority found an idea humorous, it was included in the show. The casting of roles for the sketches was a similarly unselfish process, since each member viewed himself primarily as a 'writer', rather than an actor desperate for screen time. When the themes for sketches were chosen, Gilliam had carte blanche to decide how to bridge them with animations, using a camera, scissors, and airbrush.
While the show was a collaborative process, different factions within Python were responsible for elements of the team's humour. In general, the work of the Oxford-educated members was more visual, and more fanciful conceptually (e.g., the arrival of the Spanish Inquisition in a suburban front room), while the Cambridge graduates' sketches tended to be more verbal and more aggressive (for example, Cleese and Chapman's many "confrontation" sketches, where one character intimidates or hurls abuse, or Idle's characters with bizarre verbal quirks, such as The Man Who Speaks In Anagrams). Cleese confirmed that "most of the sketches with heavy abuse were Graham's and mine, anything that started with a slow pan across countryside and impressive music was Mike and Terry's, and anything that got utterly involved with words and disappeared up any personal orifice was Eric's". Gilliam's animations, meanwhile, ranged from the whimsical to the savage (the cartoon format allowing him to create some astonishingly violent scenes without fear of censorship).
Several names for the show were considered before ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'' was settled upon. Some were ''Owl Stretching Time'', ''Toad Elevating Moment'', ''A Bucket, a Horse and a Spoon'', ''Vaseline Review'' and ''Bun, Wackett, Buzzard, Stubble and Boot''. ''Flying Circus'' stuck when the BBC explained it had printed that name in its schedules and was not prepared to amend it. Many variations on the name in front of this title then came and went (popular legend holds that the BBC considered ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'' to be a ridiculous name, at which point the group threatened to change their name every week until the BBC relented). "Gwen Dibley's Flying Circus" was named after a woman Palin had read about in the newspaper, thinking it would be amusing if she were to discover she had her own TV show. "Baron Von Took's Flying Circus" was considered as an affectionate tribute to Barry Took, the man who had brought them together. ''Arthur Megapode's Flying Circus'' was suggested, then discarded.
There are differing, somewhat confusing accounts of the origins of the Python name although the members agree that its only "significance" was that they thought it sounded funny. In the 1998 documentary ''Live At Aspen'' during the US Comedy Arts Festival, where the troupe was awarded the AFI Star Award by the American Film Institute, the group implied that "Monty" was selected (Eric Idle's idea) as a gently-mocking tribute to Field Marshal Lord Montgomery, a legendary British general of World War II; requiring a "slippery-sounding" surname, they settled on "Python". On other occasions Idle has claimed that the name "Monty" was that of a popular and rotund fellow who drank in his local pub; people would often walk in and ask the barman, "Has Monty been in yet?", forcing the name to become stuck in his mind. The name Monty Python was later described by the BBC as being "envisaged by the team as the perfect name for a sleazy entertainment agent".
The Python theme music is ''The Liberty Bell'', a march by John Philip Sousa, which was chosen, among other reasons, because the recording was in the public domain.
The use of Gilliam's surreal, collage stop motion animations was another innovative intertextual element of the Python style. Many of the images Gilliam used were lifted from famous works of art, and from Victorian illustrations and engravings. The giant foot which crushes the show's title at the end of the opening credits is in fact the foot of Cupid, cut from a reproduction of the Renaissance masterpiece ''Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time'' by Bronzino. This foot, and Gilliam's style in general, are visual trademarks of the series.
The Pythons used the British tradition of cross-dressing comedy by donning frocks and makeup and playing female roles themselves while speaking in falsetto. Generally speaking, female roles were played by a woman (usually Carol Cleveland) when the scene specifically required that the character be sexually attractive (although sometimes they used Idle for this). In some episodes and later in ''Monty Python's Life of Brian'' they took the idea one step further by playing women who impersonated men (in the stoning scene).
Many sketches are well-known and widely quoted. "Dead Parrot", "The Lumberjack Song", "Spam", "Nudge Nudge", "The Spanish Inquisition", "Upper Class Twit of the Year", "Cheese Shop" and "The Ministry of Silly Walks" are just a few examples.
The rest of the group carried on for one more "half" series before calling a halt to the programme in 1974. The name ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'' appears in the opening animation for series four, but in the end credits the show is listed as simply "Monty Python". Despite his official departure from the group, Cleese supposedly made a (non-speaking) cameo appearance in the fourth series, but never appeared in the credits as a performer. Several episodes credit him as a co-writer since some sketches were recycled from scenes cut from the ''Holy Grail'' script. While the first three series contained 13 episodes each, the fourth ended after six.
Time-Life Films had the right to distribute all BBC-TV programs in America, however they had decided that British comedy simply would not work in the U.S.A. Therefore, it was not worth the investment to convert the Python shows from the European PAL standard to the American NTSC standard, which meant PBS stations could not afford the programmes. Finally, in 1974, Greg Garrison, TV producer for Dean Martin, used a couple of Python sketches ("Bicycle Repairman" and "The Dull Life of a Stockbroker") on the NBC series ''ComedyWorld'', a summer replacement series for ''The Dean Martin Show''. Payment for use of these segments was enough to pay for the conversion of the entire Python library to NTSC standard. At last, they could be sold to non-commercial TV stations, where officially they began airing in October 1974—exactly 5 years after their BBC debut. One PBS station had a program director (Ron Devillier) so eager that he 'jumped the gun' and started broadcasting the 'Flying Circus' episodes in that summer on the unlikely KERA in Dallas. The ratings shot through the roof—and was an encouraging sign to the other 100 stations that had signed up to air the shows. There was also cross-promotion from FM radio stations across the country, whose airing of tracks from the Python LPs had already introduced American audiences to this bizarre brand of comedy.
With the popularity of Python throughout the rest of the 1970s and through most of the 1980s, PBS stations looked at other British comedies, leading to UK shows such as ''Are You Being Served?'' gaining a US audience, and leading, over time, to many PBS stations having a "British Comedy Night" which airs many popular UK comedies.
The backers of the film wanted to cut the famous Black Knight scene (in which the Black Knight loses his limbs in a duel) but it was eventually kept in the movie.
The focus therefore shifted to a separate individual born at the same time, in a neighbouring stable. When Jesus appears in the film (first, as a baby in the stable, and then later on the Mount, speaking the Beatitudes), he is played straight (by actor Kenneth Colley) and portrayed with respect. The comedy begins when members of the crowd mishear his statements of peace, love and tolerance. ("I think he said, 'Blessed are the cheesemakers.'")
Directing duties were handled solely by Jones, having amicably agreed with Gilliam that Jones' approach to film-making was better suited for Python's general performing style. ''Holy Grail's'' production had often been stilted by their differences behind the camera. Gilliam again contributed two animated sequences (one being the opening credits) and took charge of set design. The film was shot on location in Tunisia, the finances being provided this time by former Beatle George Harrison, who together with Denis O'Brien formed the production company Hand-Made Films for the movie. He had a cameo role as the 'owner of the Mount.'
Despite its subject matter attracting controversy, particularly upon its initial release, it has (together with its predecessor) been ranked among the greatest comedy films. A Channel 4 poll in 2005 ranked ''Holy Grail'' in sixth place, with ''Life of Brian'' at the top.
Python's final film returned to something structurally closer to the style of ''Flying Circus''. A series of sketches loosely follows the ages of man from birth to death. Directed again by Jones solo, ''The Meaning of Life'' is embellished with some of Python's most bizarre and disturbing moments, as well as various elaborate musical numbers. The film is by far their darkest work, containing a great deal of black humour, garnished by some spectacular violence (including an operation to remove a liver from a living patient without anaesthetic and the morbidly obese Mr. Creosote exploding over several restaurant patrons). At the time of its release, the Pythons confessed their aim was to offend "absolutely everyone."
Besides the opening credits and the fish sequence, Gilliam, by now an established live action director, no longer wanted to produce any linking cartoons, offering instead to direct one sketch—''The Crimson Permanent Assurance''. Under his helm, though, the segment grew so ambitious and tangential that it was cut from the movie and used as a supporting feature in its own right. (Television screenings also use it as a prologue.) Crucially, this was the last project that all six Pythons would collaborate on, except for the 1989 compilation ''Parrot Sketch Not Included,'' where they are all seen sitting in a closet for four seconds. This would be the last time Chapman appeared on-screen with the Pythons.
Cleese and Jones had an involvement (as performer, writer or director) in all four Amnesty benefit shows, Palin in three, Chapman in two and Gilliam in one. Idle did not participate in the Amnesty shows. Notwithstanding Idle's lack of participation, the other five members (together with "Associate Pythons" Carol Cleveland and Neil Innes) all appeared together in the first ''Secret Policeman's Ball'' benefit—the 1976 ''A Poke In The Eye (With A Sharp Stick)''—where they performed several Python sketches. In this first show they were collectively billed as ''Monty Python''. (Peter Cook deputised for the errant Idle in one major sketch ''The Courtroom''.) In the next three shows, the participating Python members performed many Python sketches, but were billed under their individual names rather than under the collective Python banner. After a six-year break, Amnesty resumed producing ''Secret Policeman's Ball'' benefit shows in 1987 (sometimes with, and sometimes without variants of the iconic title) and by 2006 had presented a total of twelve such shows. The shows since 1987 have featured newer generations of British comedic performers, including many who have attributed their participation in the show to their desire to emulate the Python's pioneering work for Amnesty. (Cleese and Palin made a brief cameo appearance in the 1989 Amnesty show; apart from that the Pythons have not appeared in shows after the first four.)
Palin and Jones wrote the comedic TV series ''Ripping Yarns'' (1976–79), starring Palin. Jones also appeared in the pilot episode and Cleese appeared in a non-speaking part in the episode "Golden Gordon". Jones' film ''Erik the Viking'', also has Cleese playing a small part.
In 1996, Terry Jones wrote and directed an adaption of Kenneth Grahame's novel ''The Wind in the Willows''. It featured four members of Monty Python: Jones as Mr. Toad, Idle as Ratty, Cleese as Mr. Toad's lawyer, and Palin as the Sun. Gilliam was considered for the voice of the river.
In terms of numbers of productions, Cleese has the most prolific solo career, having appeared in 59 theatrical films, 22 TV shows or series (including ''Cheers'', ''3rd Rock from the Sun'', Q's assistant in the James Bond movies, and ''Will & Grace''), 23 direct-to-video productions, six video games, and a number of commercials. His BBC sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' (written by and starring Cleese together with his then-wife Connie Booth), is considered the greatest solo work by a Python since the sketch show finished. It is the only comedy series to rank higher than the ''Flying Circus'' on the BFI TV 100's list, topping the whole poll.
Idle enjoyed critical success with ''Rutland Weekend Television'' in the mid-1970s, out of which came the Beatles parody The Rutles (responsible for the cult mockumentary ''All You Need Is Cash''), and as an actor in ''Nuns on the Run'' (1990) with Robbie Coltrane. Idle has had success with Python songs: "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life" went to no. 3 in the UK singles chart in 1991. The song had been revived by Simon Mayo on BBC Radio 1, and was consequently released as a single that year. The theatrical phenomenon of the Python musical ''Spamalot'' has made Idle the most financially successful of the troupe post-Python. Written by Idle, it has proved an enormous hit on Broadway, London's West End and also Las Vegas. This was followed by ''Not the Messiah (He's a Very Naughty Boy)'', which repurposes ''The Life of Brian'' as an oratorio. For the work's 2007 premiere at the Luminato festival in Toronto (which commissioned the work), Idle himself sang the "baritone-ish" part.
In 1996, Jones, Idle, Cleese and Palin were featured in a film adaptation of ''The Wind in the Willows'', which was later renamed ''Mr. Toad's Wild Ride''.
In 1998 during the US Comedy Arts Festival, where the troupe was awarded the AFI Star Award by the American Film Institute, the five remaining members along with what was purported to be Chapman's ashes, were reunited on stage for the first time in 18 years. The occasion was in the form of an interview called Monty Python Live At Aspen, (hosted by Robert Klein, with an appearance by Eddie Izzard) in which the team looked back at some of their work and performed a few new sketches.
On 9 October 1999, to commemorate 30 years since the first ''Flying Circus'' television broadcast, BBC2 devoted an evening to Python programmes, including a documentary charting the history of the team, interspersed with new sketches by the Monty Python team filmed especially for the event. The program appears, though omitting a few things, on the DVD ''The Life of Python''. Though Idle's involvement in the special is limited, the final sketch marks the only time since 1989 that all surviving members of the troupe appear in one sketch, albeit not in the same room.
In 2002, four of the surviving members, bar Cleese, performed "The Lumberjack Song" and "Sit on My Face" for George Harrison's memorial concert. The reunion also included regular supporting contributors Neil Innes and Carol Cleveland, with a special appearance from Tom Hanks.
In an interview to publicise the DVD release of ''The Meaning of Life,'' Cleese said a further reunion was unlikely. "It is absolutely impossible to get even a majority of us together in a room, and I'm not joking," Cleese said. He said that the problem was one of business rather than one of bad feelings. A sketch appears on the same DVD spoofing the impossibility of a full reunion, bringing the members “together” in a deliberately unconvincing fashion with modern bluescreen/greenscreen techniques.
Idle has responded to queries about a Python reunion by adapting a line used by George Harrison in response to queries about a possible Beatles reunion. When asked in November 1989 about such a possibility, Harrison responded: "As far as I'm concerned, there won't be a Beatles reunion as long as John Lennon remains dead." Idle's version of this was that he expected to see a proper Python reunion, "just as soon as Graham Chapman comes back from the dead", but added, "we're talking to his agent about terms."
2003's ''The Pythons Autobiography By The Pythons'', compiled from interviews with the surviving members, reveals that a series of disputes in 1998, over a possible sequel to ''Holy Grail'' that had been conceived by Idle, may have resulted in the group's permanent fission. Cleese's feeling was that ''The Meaning of Life'' had been personally difficult and ultimately mediocre, and did not wish to be involved in another Python project for a variety of reasons (not least amongst them was the absence of Chapman, whose straight man-like central roles in the original ''Grail'' and ''Brian'' films had been considered to be essential performance anchorage). Apparently Idle was angry with Cleese for refusing to do the film, which most of the remaining Pythons thought reasonably promising (the basic plot would have taken on a self-referential tone, featuring them in their main 'knight' guises from ''Holy Grail'', mulling over the possibilities of reforming their posse). The book also reveals that a secondary option around this point was the possibility of revitalising the Python brand with a new stage tour, perhaps with the promise of new material. This idea had also hit the buffers at Cleese's refusal, this time with the backing of other members.
March 2005 saw a full, if non-performing, reunion of the surviving cast members at the premiere of Idle's musical ''Spamalot'', based on ''Monty Python and the Holy Grail''. It opened in Chicago and has since played in New York on Broadway, London and numerous other major cities across the world. In 2004, it was nominated for 14 Tony Awards and won three: Best Musical, Best Direction of a Musical for Mike Nichols and Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical for Sara Ramirez, who played the Lady of the Lake, a character specially added for the musical. Cleese played the voice of God, played in the film by Chapman.
Owing in part to the success of ''Spamalot'', PBS announced on 13 July 2005, that it would begin to re-air the entire run of ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'' and new one-hour specials focusing on each member of the group, called ''Monty Python's Personal Best.'' Each episode was written and produced by the individual being honoured, with the five remaining Pythons collaborating on Chapman's programme, the only one of the editions to take on a serious tone with its new material.
Eric Idle and John Cleese appeared on stage together singing "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life" with the rest of the performers for the climax of Prince Charles 60th Birthday Show.
In 2009, to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the first episode of ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'', a six part documentary entitled ''Monty Python: Almost the Truth (The Lawyer's Cut)'' was released, featuring interviews with the surviving members of the team as well as archive interviews with Graham Chapman and numerous excerpts from the television series and films.
Also in commemoration of the 40th anniversary Idle, Palin, Jones and Gilliam appeared in a production of ''Not the Messiah (He's a Very Naughty Boy)'' at the Royal Albert Hall. The European premiere was held on 23 October 2009. An official 40th anniversary Monty Python reunion event took place in New York City on 15 October 2009 where the Team received a Special Award from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.
In June 2011, it was announced that Monty Python have begun production on their first film project since ''the Meaning of Life'' in 1983. Their next film, ''A Liar's Autobiography'', is an animated 3D movie based on the memoir of the late Python member, Graham Chapman, who died in 1989 at the age of 48. ''A Liar’s Autobiography'' was published in 1980 and details Chapman's journey through medical school, alcoholism, acknowledgement of his gay identity and the toils of surreal comedy.
Asked what was true in a deliberately fanciful account by Chapman of his life, Terry Jones joked: "Nothing . . . it’s all a downright, absolute, blackguardly lie."
The film will use Chapman's own voice - from a reading of his autobiography shortly before he died of cancer - and entertainment channel EPIX announced that the film will be released in early 2012 in both 2D and 3D formats. Produced and directed by London-based Bill Jones, Ben Timlett and Jeff Simpson, the new film has 15 animation companies working on chapters that will range from three to 12 minutes in length, each in a different style.
John Cleese has recorded new dialogue which will be matched with Chapman’s voice and Michael Palin will voice Chapman’s mother and father. Terry Gilliam plays various roles. Among the original Python group, only Eric Idle has not become involved, though Timlett said the filmmakers are “working on” him.
John Cleese is the oldest Python. He met his future Python writing partner, Graham Chapman in Cambridge.
Terry Gilliam, an American, was the only member of the troupe of non-British origin. He started off as an animator and strip cartoonist for Harvey Kurtzman's ''Help!'' magazine, one issue of which featured Cleese. Moving from the USA to England, he animated features for ''Do Not Adjust Your Set'' and was then asked by its makers to join them on their next project: ''Monty Python's Flying Circus''. He co-directed ''Monty Python and the Holy Grail'' and directed short segments of other Python films (for instance "The Crimson Permanent Assurance", the short film that appears before ''The Meaning of Life'').
When Monty Python was first formed, two writing partnerships were already in place: Cleese and Chapman, Jones and Palin. That left two in their own corners: Gilliam, operating solo due to the nature of his work, and Eric Idle. Regular themes in his contributions were elaborate wordplay and musical numbers. After ''Flying Circus'', he hosted ''Saturday Night Live'' four times in the first five seasons. Idle's initially successful solo career faltered in the 1990s with the failures of his 1993 film ''Splitting Heirs'' (written, produced by and starring him) and 1998's ''An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn'' (in which he starred), which was awarded five Razzies, including 'Worst Picture of the Year'. He revived his career by returning to the source of his worldwide fame, adapting Monty Python material for other media. He also wrote the Broadway musical ''Spamalot'', based on the ''Holy Grail'' movie. He also wrote ''Not the Messiah (He's a Very Naughty Boy)'', an oratorio derived from the ''Life of Brian''.
Terry Jones has been described by other members of the team as the “heart” of the operation. Jones had a lead role in maintaining the group's unity and creative independence. Python biographer George Perry has commented that should you "speak to him on subjects as diverse as fossil fuels, or Rupert Bear, or mercenaries in the Middle Ages or Modern China... in a moment you will find yourself hopelessly out of your depth, floored by his knowledge." Many others agree that Jones is characterised by his irrepressible, good-natured enthusiasm. However, Jones' passion often led to prolonged arguments with other group members—in particular Cleese—with Jones often unwilling to back down. Since his major contributions were largely behind the scenes (direction, writing), and he often deferred to the other members of the group as an actor, Jones' importance to Python was often underrated. However, he does have the legacy of delivering possibly the most famous line in all of Python, as Brian's mother Mandy in ''Life of Brian'', "He's not the Messiah, he's a very naughty boy!", a line voted the funniest in film history on two occasions.
Michael Palin attended Oxford, where he met his Python writing partner Jones. The two also wrote the series ''Ripping Yarns'' together. Palin and Jones originally wrote face-to-face, but soon found it was more productive to write apart and then come together to review what the other had written. Therefore, Jones and Palin's sketches tended to be more focused than that of the others, taking one bizarre situation, sticking to it, and building on it. After ''Flying Circus'', he hosted ''Saturday Night Live'' four times in the first ten seasons. His comedy output began to decrease in amount following the increasing success of his travel documentaries for the BBC. Palin released a book of diaries from the Python years entitled ''Michael Palin Diaries 1969–1979'', published in 2007.
Carol Cleveland was the most important female performer in the Monty Python ensemble, commonly referred to as the "Python Girl." Originally hired by producer/director John Howard Davies for just the first five episodes of the ''Flying Circus'', she went on to appear in approximately two-thirds of the episodes as well as in all of the Python films, and in most of their stage shows as well. Her common portrayal as the stereotypical "blonde bimbo" eventually earned her the sobriquet "Carol Cleavage" from the other Pythons, but she felt that the variety of her roles should not be described in such a pejorative way.
Douglas Adams was "discovered" by Chapman when a version of the ''Footlights Revue'' (a 1974 BBC2 television show featuring some of Adams' early work) was performed live in London's West End. In Cleese's absence from the final TV series, the two formed a brief writing partnership, with Adams earning a writing credit in one episode for a sketch called "Patient Abuse". In the sketch, a man who had been stabbed by a nurse arrives at his doctor's office bleeding profusely from the stomach, when the doctor makes him fill out numerous senseless forms before he can administer treatment. He also had two cameo appearances in this season. Firstly, in the episode ''The Light Entertainment War'', Adams shows up in a surgeon's mask (as Dr. Emile Koning, according to the on-screen captions), pulling on gloves, while Palin narrates a sketch that introduces one person after another, and never actually gets started. Secondly, at the beginning of ''Mr. Neutron'', Adams is dressed in a "pepperpot" outfit and loads a missile onto a cart being driven by Terry Jones, who is calling out for scrap metal ("Any old iron..."). Adams and Chapman also subsequently attempted a few non-Python projects, including ''Out of the Trees.'' He also contributed to a sketch on the soundtrack album for ''Monty Python and the Holy Grail''.
Stand-up comedian Eddie Izzard, a devoted fan of the group, has occasionally stood in for absent members. When the BBC held a "Python Night" in 1999 to celebrate 30 years of the first broadcast of ''Flying Circus'', the Pythons recorded some new material with Izzard standing in for Idle, who had declined to partake in person (he taped a solo contribution from the US). Izzard hosted a history of the group entitled ''The Life of Python'' (1999) that was part of the ''Python Night'' and appeared with them at a festival/tribute in Aspen, Colorado, in 1998 (released on DVD as ''Live at Aspen'').
The term has been applied to animations similar to those constructed by Gilliam (e.g. the cut-out style of ''South Park'', whose creators have often acknowledged a debt to Python, including contributing material to the aforementioned 30th anniversary theme night).
''Good Eats'' creator Alton Brown cited Python as one of the influences that shaped how he created the series, as well as how he authors the script for each episode. Recent episodes even include Gilliam-style animations to illustrate key points.
Category:British comedy troupes Category:British television comedy Category:Virgin Records artists Category:Arista Records artists Category:European Film Awards winners (people) Category:Charisma Records artists
bg:Монти Пайтън ca:Monty Python cs:Monty Python da:Monty Python de:Monty Python el:Μόντυ Πάιθον es:Monty Python eo:Monty Python eu:Monty Python fa:مونتی پایتون fr:Monty Python ko:몬티 파이튼 hr:Monty Python id:Monty Python ia:Monty Python is:Monty Python it:Monty Python he:מונטי פייתון ka:მონტი პაითონი la:Pytho Montium lv:Monty Python lt:Monty Python hu:Monty Python mk:Монти Пајтон nl:Monty Python ja:モンティ・パイソン no:Monty Python nn:Monty Python nds:Monty Python pl:Monty Python pt:Monty Python ro:Monty Python ru:Монти Пайтон sq:Monty Python simple:Monty Python sk:Monty Python sr:Монти Пајтон sh:Monty Python fi:Monty Python sv:Monty Python tr:Monty Python uk:Монті Пайтон zh:蒙提·派森This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 41°52′55″N87°37′40″N |
---|---|
Name | Michael Harrison |
Names | Mike Marino |
Weight | |
Death date | August 24, 1982 |
Birth place | London, England, United Kingdom |
Death place | Folkestone, England |
Billed | Stretham |
Debut | 1951 |
Marino won the World Mid-Heavyweight Championship in 1957 and went on to hold the title four times. The European Mid-Heavyweight Championship was added in 1967, although his claim was for a time disputed Bill Howes, with Marino eventually relinquishing his claim until Howes retirement. He eventually added the British Mid-Heavyweight Championship, winning the title in December 1966 and holding it until his death in 1981. Marino held all three belts when he died.
A regular on the main shows at the Royal Albert Hall, Marino was recognised as one of British wrestling's leading technicians of the era. He gained the nickname 'Mr. Wrestling' due to his ability and his length of service. Nonetheless Marino was one of a number of wrestlers to be caught up in a 'tabloid exposé' when in 1972 the ''News of the World'' published the transcripts of a dressing room conversation between Marino and his opponent Albert 'Rocky' Wall discussing how their upcoming match would be arranged. With British wrestling still operating full kayfabe such stories exposing the scripted nature of the sport were common in the tabloids at the time.
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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