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Friday, 17 February 2012
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Geordie Dialect
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  • Duration: 2:22
  • Uploaded: 10 Jun 2010
Welcome to Newcastle upon Tyne, just for laughs see if you can maybe understand or follow this welcoming conversation in our local dialect from our city here in the North East of England...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/Geordie Dialect
Dialect & Despair - Prolific
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  • Duration: 3:32
  • Uploaded: 23 Jul 2010
The film clip for the lead single PROLIFIC from DIALECT AND DESPAIR'S new album THE VORTEX. Director // Editor - Luc Hansen Producers - Luc Hansen and Nima Nabili Rad Director of Photography - Nima Nabili Rad Digital Colourist - Daniel ...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/Dialect & Despair - Prolific
How to Speak in a New York Dialect : New York Dialect: Placement
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  • Duration: 2:17
  • Uploaded: 20 Aug 2008
Point of placement, or the area of our mouth where words resonate, is the first step in learning a new dialect. Learn how to speak in a New York dialect in this free video. Expert: Tracy Goodwin Bio: Tracy Goodwin has received numerous publ...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/How to Speak in a New York Dialect : New York Dialect: Placement
Learn scottish Words (Doric Dialect)
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  • Duration: 3:41
  • Uploaded: 21 Nov 2008
Go and speak some scottish to your friends :) guy from Scotland of course hes not a real scot. teaching learning scottish language...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/Learn scottish Words (Doric Dialect)
English dialects
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  • Duration: 1:49
  • Uploaded: 14 Aug 2009
Me trying to speak Scottish, British and American. Just for fun!...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/English dialects
Dialects and Regional Differences in Spanish
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  • Duration: 19:25
  • Uploaded: 13 Nov 2009
In this video I talk about standard Spanish and the notion of dialects in Spanish. I also provide a number of examples of regional variations across dialects....
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/Dialects and Regional Differences in Spanish
map of american english dialects
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  • Duration: 0:24
  • Uploaded: 19 Mar 2008
map of american english dialects ----- Transcript Linguists draw their own maps of North America to mark different dialect areas. To use their terms, we've started in eastern New England, we're going on to New York and Philadelphia,...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/map of american english dialects
Lethal Dialect - Keep It Real (Official Music Video)
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  • Duration: 3:59
  • Uploaded: 07 Nov 2011
Track from Lethal Dialects forthcoming album LD50 Part II Follow Lethal Dialect on facebook: www.facebook.com Follow Lethal Dialect on twitter @Lethal_Dialect . Buy Lethal Dialect music at bandcamp: lethaldialect.bandcamp.com Shot and edite...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/Lethal Dialect - Keep It Real (Official Music Video)
PhillyTawk: The Phluphian Dialect
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  • Duration: 3:18
  • Uploaded: 11 Apr 2010
Follow me at: phillytawk.blogspot.com Dis is an exposition of da Phlulphyin bree-anch of da Mid-Atlannic Dolleck of Amurcan English. Check it ay-out. This is an exposition of the Philadelphian branch of the Mid-Atlantic Dialect of American ...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/PhillyTawk: The Phluphian Dialect
Herman Finkers - Dialect
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  • Duration: 3:29
  • Uploaded: 16 Jul 2006
Uit zijn theatershow 'Kalm aan en rap een beetje'....
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/Herman Finkers - Dialect
Dialogues with Dialect: How Do You Pronounce a Word?
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  • Duration: 5:14
  • Uploaded: 11 Nov 2008
geeks.pirillo.com - http - You may think that words of the same language are pronounced the same, no matter what country you may be in. This isn't always the case. There can be many different dialects. What do you do if you are going to...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/Dialogues with Dialect: How Do You Pronounce a Word?
Clip Respect Veur Dialect
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  • Duration: 2:43
  • Uploaded: 26 Feb 2007
De clip die hoort bij het lied 'Respect Veur Dialect' dat is opgenomen door negen dialectzangers in het kader van Maart dialectmaand. Margaretha Kleine, Bert Koops, Luuks Nijsingh, Alwie Kroeze, Annet Nikamp, Edwin van Hoevelaak, Je...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/Clip Respect Veur Dialect
BROKEN DIALECT - SONG FROM THE HEART (OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO)
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  • Duration: 6:08
  • Uploaded: 08 Apr 2011
GlobalFaction caught up with Broken Dialect at the recent London Demo. The crew, from Wolverhampton, dropped us a track..... Youtube: www.youtube.com...
http://web.archive.org./web/20120217213510/http://wn.com/BROKEN DIALECT - SONG FROM THE HEART (OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO)
Welcome to Newcastle upon Tyne, just for laughs see if you can maybe understand or follow this welcoming conversation in our local dialect from our city here in the North East of England...
Geordie Di­alect
2:22
Di­alect & De­spair - Pro­lif­ic
3:32
How to Speak in a New York Di­alect : New York Di­alect: Place­ment
2:17
Learn scot­tish Words (Doric Di­alect)
3:41
En­glish di­alects
1:49
Di­alects and Re­gion­al Dif­fer­ences in Span­ish
19:25
map of amer­i­can en­glish di­alects
0:24
Lethal Di­alect - Keep It Real (Of­fi­cial Music Video)
3:59
Hot Blood EP.1-1/2 [en­glish sub]
10:32
PhillyTawk: The Phluphi­an Di­alect
3:18
Her­man Finkers - Di­alect
3:29
Di­a­logues with Di­alect: How Do You Pro­nounce a Word?
5:14
Clip Re­spect Veur Di­alect
2:43
BRO­KEN DI­ALECT - SONG FROM THE HEART (OF­FI­CIAL MUSIC VIDEO)
6:08
remove add to playlist video results for: dialect
Kan­sai Di­alect "せやな〜。(Seyanaa.)
1:34
Ital­ian-Amer­i­can Di­alect
2:38
The Black Coun­try Di­alect (Part One)
5:25
Re­gion­al Di­alect Meme (South Wales (Val­ley))
10:00
hokkien di­alect
3:28
Curse ov Di­alect - Bury Me Slow­ly
4:20
Dave Di­alect - Co­caine In­side My Blunts
4:35
Re­gion­al Di­alect (Pa­cif­ic North­west)
4:52
Car­oli­na Outer Banks Brogue Vo­cab­u­lary
4:37


  • Milonga musical band in the early 20th century, Argentina absorbed millions of immigrants, many of them Italians, who spoke mostly in their local dialects (mainly Neapolitan, Sicilian and Genoan).
    Creative Commons / Ilan Costica
  • Houses at the fishmarket. The square’s name in the 13th century was still Fismart (“Yarn Market” or “Wool Market”) in the Limburg dialect, and it was the Limburg wool weavers’ trading center
    Creative Commons / Steloh
  • A school
    Creative Commons / Dfrg.msc
  • Florence State Normal College Dialectical Society, 1893.
    Creative Commons / Burkeanwhig
  • A beach Podvoda near Murvica on Brač (Croatian pronunciation: [brâːtʃ]; local dialect: Broc; Latin: Bretia, Brattia; Italian: Brazza) is an island in the Adriatic Sea within Croatia, with an area of 396 km², making it the largest island in Dalmatia, and the third largest in the Adriatic.
    Creative Commons / Kelovy
  • View of Pieve di Ledro and Bezzecca on Lake Ledro.Ledro (German: Löder, in local dialect: Léder) is an Italian comune (municipality) in Trentino in northern Italy.
    Creative Commons / Rar
  • Terracement (stone-wall) or
    Creative Commons / Luca Giarelli
  • Nadro' panorama.Nadro (Nàder in camunian dialect[1]) is an Italian hamlet (frazione) of the comune of Ceto (BS), Lombardy. It has 655 inhabitants.[2]
    Creative Commons / Luca Giarelli
  • Capo di Ponte (Co de Pút in camunian dialect) is an Italian comune of 2.483 abitanti[1] in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy.
    Creative Commons / Luca Giarelli
  • Panorama of La Spezia (Italian pronunciation: [la ˈspɛtsi̯a]; About this sound listen (help·info)) (Spèza in the local dialect of Ligurian) at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the Liguria region of northern Italy is the capital city of the province of La Spezia.
    Creative Commons / William Domenichini
  • A wild rabbit - considered a pest to many farmers.Vermin (in some dialect regions, varmint[1] or varmit) is a term applied to various animal species regarded by some as pests or nuisances and especially to those associated with the carrying of disease.
    Creative Commons / Fir0002
  • Dialect clock showing
    Creative Commons
  • The Town Hall sign in the local dialect. The local dialect, a variety of Lombard with peculiar traits, similar to the other varieties of Upper Valtellina, has been categorized in a dictionary, funded by the local administration.
    Creative Commons / Jorgengb
  • Ponte di Legno (Pònt in local camunian dialect) is an Italian comune of 1816 inhabitants[1] in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy.
    Creative Commons / Bolo
  • Italian-Slovene bilingualism in Grimacco, with the Slovene names written in the local beneski dialect.
    Creative Commons
  • The carnival in the Rasia Valley. Most people in Slavic Venita speak three different Slovene dialects, named after the three major valleys that form the region the Natisone (nadiski) dialect, the Torre (terski) dialect and the Resin dialect (rezijanski).
    Creative Commons
  • La grandee chandelier the great candle in Provencal dialect a small peak considered by many as a test for an expert hiker with some climbing abilities.
    Creative Commons
  • Kawabata's Petroglyph in Wadi Rum (Jordan).This Aramaic dialect was increasingly affected by the Arabic dialect of the local population.
    Creative Commons
  • luggage trolleys, Bill is northern German dialect word for 'butt' and 'end'. At the western end of Juist, there is a large sandbank, the
    Creative Commons / 3268zauber
  • Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies.
    Creative Commons / Wgreaves
  • The main building of Confucius Temple in Hangzhou. The native residents of Hangzhou, like those of Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu, speak a Wu dialect.
    Creative Commons / Chenymi
  • Spatial distribution of dialects in Alsace prior to the expansion of standard French in the 20th century
    Creative Commons
  • A large poster of Avatar film displays with South Indian dialectic, South India
    WN / Yeshe Choesang
  • View over Stari Grad on Hvar (local Croatian dialect: Hvor or For, Greek: Pharos, Φαρος, Latin: Pharia, Italian: Lesina) is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, located off the Dalmatian coast, lying between the islands of Brač, Vis and Korčula
    Creative Commons / F.G
  • Hospital Corpsman Michael Hagglund, assigned to the amphibious assault ship USS Kearsarge (LHD 3) medical department, reads an English to Spanish health care dialect book.
    US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist Third Class William S. Parker
  • Popiah (Hokkien: poh-piáⁿ) is a Fujian/Chaozhou-style fresh spring roll common in Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. Popiah is often eaten in the Fujian province of China (usually in Xiamen) and its neighboring Chaoshan on the Qingming Festival. It is sometimes referred to as runbing (潤餅) or baobing (薄饼) in Mandarin. In the Teochew (Chaozhou) dialect, popiah is pronounced as
    Creative Commons / Chensiyuan
  • Popiah (Hokkien: poh-piáⁿ) is a Fujian/Chaozhou-style fresh spring roll common in Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. Popiah is often eaten in the Fujian province of China (usually in Xiamen) and its neighboring Chaoshan on the Qingming Festival. It is sometimes referred to as runbing (潤餅) or baobing (薄饼) in Mandarin. In the Teochew (Chaozhou) dialect, popiah is pronounced as
    Creative Commons / Theorb
  • Piteå (or Pite in the local dialect) is a locality and the seat of Piteå Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden with 22,650 inhabitants in 2005.[1]
    Creative Commons / Fred J
  • The Passetto, called in Roman dialect er Corridore (
    Creative Commons / Carlomorino
  • Cuneo About this sound listen (help·info) (Coni in Piedmontese, the dialect of Piedmont) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Northern Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the third largest of Italy’s provinces by area. It is located at the foot of the Maritime Alps, on the Stura di Demonte river where it emerges from the Valle Stura, and neighbours the communes of Boves, Cervasca, Vignolo, Beinette, Peveragno, Castelletto Stura, Caraglio and Tarantasca.
    Creative Commons / Nem80
photo: AP / Charles Dharapak
Vice President Joe Biden, second from right, meets with Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping, third from left, and their respective delegations in the Roosevelt Room at the White House in Washington, Tuesday, Feb. 14, 2012.
m&c;
14 Feb 2012
Washington - Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping began a series of meetings with US officials in Washington Tuesday with talks with US Vice President Joe Biden at the White House. Xi, who is expected to...
photo: WN / mervin
Japanese food - crusine - 日本料理 - hot soba noodle- (mv2)
The Guardian
07 Feb 2012
Cold noodles are a source of great rivalry and pride in Japan. Jamie Lafferty slurps down 36 bowls and rustles up some soba of his own • As featured in our Tokyo city guide Jamie Lafferty eating Wanko...
photo: WN / Marzena
Guess who I saw on my holiday? Tourist captures incredible images of previously unrecorded South ...
The Daily Mail
03 Feb 2012
A curious little boy from a previously unrecorded Indian tribe peers tentatively from the bushes to catch what was most probably his first every glimpse of outsiders. The incredible image was...

BBC News All local dialects of Gaelic will die out except two, according to research by a University of Edinburgh academic. Dr Will Lamb suggests only the Gaelic of Lewis and South Uist will be strong enough to survive in the future. He said one of...(size: 1.6Kb)
Newsvine From whoopensocker to upscuddle, strubbly to swivet, 50 years...(size: 0.4Kb)
The Guardian Collecting regional English from across the US, final volume of 60,000-entry dictionary will be published next month Dictionary of American Regional English: A sample entry...(size: 4.6Kb)
Sydney Morning Herald ROBERT EASTON HOLLYWOOD'S HENRY HIGGINS 23-11-1930 - 16-12-2011 ROBERT Easton, a character actor turned accent coach who transformed Drew Barrymore into Amy Fisher, Ben Kingsley into Meyer Lansky and Gregory Peck first into Josef Mengele and later into Abraham Lincoln, among other feats of...(size: 4.8Kb)
IMDb Occupy Wall Street was undeniably one of the biggest news stories of 2011....(size: 0.5Kb)
IMDb Robert Easton's name may not be familiar to the public but for decades he has been the "go-to" guy for prominent actors who needed to master the...(size: 1.0Kb)
The Washington Times LOS ANGELES (AP) - Character actor and Hollywood dialect coach Robert Easton, whose successes include teaching Forest Whitaker to speak like Idi Amin in the 2006 movieThe Last King of Scotland,” has died in Los Angeles. He was 81. Daughter Heather Woodruff Perry tells the Los Angeles...(size: 3.4Kb)
Starpulse The renowned Hollywood dialect coach who helped Forest Whitaker hone his accent as Ugandan dictator Idi Amin in The Last King of Scotland has died. Character actor and language expert Robert Easton passed away from natural causes at his home in...(size: 1.6Kb)
Superior Pics The renowned Hollywood dialect coach who helped FOREST WHITAKER hone his accent as Ugandan dictator IDI AMIN in THE LAST KING OF SCOTLAND has died. Robert Eston attending the premiere of 'LOST' held at the ArcLight Theatre. Hollywood,...(size: 1.6Kb)
more news on: Dialect

The term dialect (from the Greek Language word ''dialektos'', ''Διάλεκτος'') is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect; a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect or topolect. The other usage refers to a language socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it. This more precise usage enables distinguishing between varieties of a language, such as the French spoken in Nice, France, and local languages distinct from the superordinate language, e.g. Nissart, the traditional native Romance language of Nice, known in French as Niçard.

A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation, the term ''accent'' is appropriate, not ''dialect.'' Other speech varieties include: standard languages, which are standardized for public performance (for example, a written standard); jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon (vocabulary); slang; patois; pidgins or argots.

The particular speech patterns used by an individual are termed an idiolect.

Standard and non-standard dialect

A standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or "standard language") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the "correct" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictionaries, and textbooks that set forth a "correct" spoken and written form; and an extensive formal literature that employs that dialect (prose, poetry, non-fiction, etc.). There may be multiple standard dialects associated with a single language. For example, Standard American English, Standard Canadian English, Standard Indian English, Standard Australian English, and Standard Philippine English may all be said to be standard dialects of the English language.

A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is not the beneficiary of institutional support. An example of a nonstandard English dialect is Southern American English or Newfoundland English. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other.

Dialect use in arts

Sometimes in stories authors distinguish characters through their dialect.

"Dialect" or "language"

There is no universally accepted criterion for distinguishing a ''language'' from a ''dialect''. A framework that may aid in analyzing the issues is provided by the linguistics concepts of Ausbausprache, Abstandsprache and Dachsprache. A number of rough measures exist, sometimes leading to contradictory results. Some linguists do not differentiate between languages and dialects, i.e. languages are dialects and vice versa. The distinction is therefore subjective and depends on the user's frame of reference. Note also that the terms are not by themselves mutually exclusive; there is by itself nothing contradictory in the statement that "the ''language'' of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of German". However, the term ''dialect'' always implies a relation between languages: if language X is called a dialect, this implies that the speaker considers X a dialect ''of some other language'' Y, which then usually is some standard language.

Language varieties are often called ''dialects'' rather than ''languages'':

  • because they have no standard or codified form,
  • because the speakers of the given language do not have a state of their own,
  • because they are rarely or never used in writing (outside reported speech)
  • or because they lack prestige with respect to some other, often standardised, variety.
  • The term ''vernacular'' or ''idiom'' is used by some linguists instead of ''language'' or ''dialect'' when there is no need to commit oneself to any decision on the status with respect to this distinction.

    Anthropological linguists define dialect as the specific form of a language used by a speech community. In other words, the difference between language and dialect is the difference between the abstract or general and the concrete and particular. From this perspective, no one speaks a "language," everyone speaks a dialect of a language. Those who identify a particular dialect as the "standard" or "proper" version of a language are in fact using these terms to express a social distinction.

    Often, the standard language is close to the sociolect of the elite class.

    In groups where prestige standards play less important roles, "dialect" may simply be used to refer to subtle regional variations in linguistic practices that are considered mutually intelligible, playing an important role to place strangers, carrying the message of where a stranger originates (which quarter or district in a town, which village in a rural setting, or which province of a country); thus there are many apparent "dialects" of Slavey, for example, by which the linguist simply means that there are many subtle variations among speakers who largely understand each other and recognize that they are each speaking "the same way" in a general sense.

    Modern-day linguists know that the status of language is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development. Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects. An opposite example is the case of Chinese, whose variations such as Mandarin and Cantonese are often considered dialects and not languages, despite their mutual unintelligibility, because the word for them in mandarin, "Fangyan", was mistranslated as ''dialect'' because it meant ''regional speech''.

    See also Mesoamerican languages and Sarkar's criteria on dialects.

    "A language is a dialect with an army and navy"

    The Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, ''A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot'' (   "A language is a dialect with an army and navy") in ''YIVO Bleter'' 25.1, 1945, p. 13.

    Political factors

    Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between "language" and "dialect" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate "language" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate "people", and thus to be more deserving of its own independent state, while a group speaking a "dialect" tends to be seen not as "a people" in its own right, but as a sub-group, part of a bigger people, which must content itself with regional autonomy. The distinction between language and dialect is thus inevitably made at least as much on a political basis as on a linguistic one, and can lead to great political controversy, or even armed conflict.

    The classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages and their relationship to other varieties of speech can thus be controversial and the verdicts inconsistent. English and Serbo-Croatian illustrate the point. English and Serbo-Croatian each have two major variants (British and American English, and Serbian and Croatian, respectively), along with numerous other varieties. For political reasons, analyzing these varieties as "languages" or "dialects" yields inconsistent results: British and American English, spoken by close political and military allies, are almost universally regarded as dialects of a single language, whereas the standard languages of Serbia and Croatia, which differ from each other to a similar extent as the dialects of English, are being treated by many linguists from the region as distinct languages, largely because the two countries oscillate from being brotherly to being bitter enemies. (The Serbo-Croatian language article deals with this topic much more fully.)

    Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view, and the view in the Republic of Macedonia which regards it as a language in its own right. Nevertheless, before the establishment of a literary standard of Macedonian in 1944, in most sources in and out of Bulgaria before the Second World War, the southern Slavonic dialect continuum covering the area of today's Republic of Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian dialects.

    In the 19th Century, the Tsarist Government of Russia claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language in its own right. Since Soviet times, when Ukrainians were recognised as a separate nationality deserving of its own Soviet Republic, such linguistic-political claims had disappeared from circulation.

    In Lebanon, the right-wing Guardians of the Cedars, a fiercely nationalistic (mainly Christian) political party which opposes the country's ties to the Arab world, is agitating for "Lebanese" to be recognized as a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect, and has even advocated replacing the Arabic alphabet with a revival of the ancient Phoenician alphabet - which missed a number of characters to write typical Arabic phonemes present in Lebanese, and lost by Phoenician (and Hebrew) in the second millennium BC. This is, however, very much a minority position - in Lebanon itself as in the Arab World as a whole. The varieties of Arabic are considerably different from each other - especially those spoken in North Africa (Maghreb) from those of the Middle East (the Mashriq in the broad definition including Egypt and Sudan) - and had there been the political will in the different Arab countries to cut themselves off from each other, the case could have been made to declare these varieties as separate languages. However, in adherence to the ideas of Arab Nationalism, the Arab countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic which is common to all of them, conduct much of their political, cultural and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, Koran.

    Such moves may even appear at a local, rather than a federal level. The US state of Illinois declared "American" to be the state's official language in 1923, although linguists and politicians throughout much of the rest of the country considered American simply to be a dialect.

    There have been cases of a variety of speech being deliberately reclassified to serve political purposes. One example is Moldovan. In 1996, the Moldovan parliament, citing fears of "Romanian expansionism," rejected a proposal from President Mircea Snegur to change the name of the language to Romanian, and in 2003 a Moldovan-Romanian dictionary was published, purporting to show that the two countries speak different languages. Linguists of the Romanian Academy reacted by declaring that all the Moldovan words were also Romanian words; while in Moldova, the head of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Ion Bărbuţă, described the dictionary as a politically motivated "absurdity".

    In contrast, spoken languages of Han Chinese are usually referred to as dialects of one Chinese language, because the word "fangyan", which means regional speech, was mistranslated as dialect. ''See the article "Identification of the varieties of Chinese" has more details''.

    In the Philippines, the Commission on the Filipino Language declared all the indigenous languages in the Philippines as dialects despite the great differences between them, as well as the existence of significant bodies of literature in each of the major "dialects" and daily newspapers in some.

    In 18th and 19th century Germany, several thousand local languages of the continental west Germanic dialect continuum were reclassified as dialects of modern New High German although the vast majority of them was (and still is) mutually incomprehensible, despite the fact that they all existed long before New High German, which had at least in part been shaped as a compromise or mediative language between these local languages.

    To support the intended process of nation building even further, a vague myth of some common Germanic original language developed, and German dialectology began to name dialect groups after presumed and real groups of historic tribes having existed from BC to about 600 AD, from which they were assumed to have descended. Linguistic, historic and archeological evidence for such connections is scarce, meanwhile several such ideas were proven false, yet they lead to several pertaining misnomers in German dialectology. Today, all diverse local languages under the Standard German umbrella are collectively referred to as "German dialects", the vast majority of German speakers still believe, they were variations of "original" or even Standard German.

    The significance of the political factors in any attempt at answering the question "what is a language?" is great enough to cast doubt on whether any strictly linguistic definition, without a socio-cultural approach, is possible. This is illustrated by the frequency with which the army-navy aphorism discussed in the preceding section is cited.

    Historical linguistics

    Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed. This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and Scandinavian languages as dialects of Old Norse. This paradigm is not entirely problem-free. It sees genetic relationships as paramount: the "dialects" of a "language" (which itself may be a "dialect" of a yet older tongue) may or may not be mutually intelligible. Moreover, a parent language may spawn several "dialects" which themselves subdivide any number of times, with some "branches" of the tree changing more rapidly than others.

    This can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance tongues, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are ''genetically'' closer to French than to each other: In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship. In fact, Italian and French share many more root words in common that do not even appear in Spanish.

    For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, family members, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian "avere" and "essere" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French "avoir" and "être", Spanish only retains "haber" and has done away with "ser" in forming compound tenses, which are no longer used in either Spanish or Portuguese. However, when it comes to pronunciation, some Italian sounds are familiar to Spanish speakers, and native speakers of Italian and Spanish may attain some limited degree of mutual comprehension using single words or short phrases.

    Interlinguistics

    One language, Interlingua, was developed so that the languages of Western civilization would act as its dialects. Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden or latent language. Researchers at the International Auxiliary Language Association extracted words and affixes that they considered to be part of Interlingua's vocabulary. In theory, speakers of the Western languages would understand written or spoken Interlingua immediately, without prior study, since their own languages were its dialects. This has often turned out to be true, especially, but not solely, for speakers of the Romance languages and educated speakers of English. Interlingua has also been found to assist in the learning of other languages. In one study, Swedish high school students learning Interlingua were able to translate passages from Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian that students of those languages found too difficult to understand. It should be noted, however, that the vocabulary of Interlingua extends beyond the Western language families.

    Selected list of articles on dialects

  • Älvdalsmål
  • Bengali dialects
  • Catalan dialect examples
  • Connacht Irish, Munster Irish, Ulster Irish
  • Cypriot Greek, Cypriot Turkish
  • Dialect of Chalkidiki
  • Dialects in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia
  • Dialects of the French language
  • Dutch dialects
  • Gutniska
  • Isfahani, Shirazi, Yazdi (Persian dialects)
  • Italian dialects
  • Jamtlandic
  • Japanese dialects
  • Korean dialects
  • List of Assyrian tribes (dialects)
  • List of Chinese dialects
  • List of dialects of the English language
  • Norwegian dialects
  • Portuguese dialects
  • Rauma dialect
  • Scanian
  • Sicilian language
  • Slovenian dialects
  • Spanish dialects and varieties
  • Stockholmska
  • Sri Lankan Tamil dialects
  • Swedish dialects
  • Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia
  • Warsaw dialect
  • Yiddish dialects
  • Yooper dialect
  • See also

  • Creole language
  • Dialect levelling
  • Dialectometry
  • Ethnolect
  • Isogloss
  • Koiné language
  • Literary language
  • Regional language
  • Sarkar's Linguistic Concepts and Criteria
  • Sprachbund
  • References

    External links

  • Sounds Familiar? — Listen to regional accents and dialects of the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
  • International Dialects of English Archive Since 1997
  • whoohoo.co.uk British Dialect Translator
  • thedialectdictionary.com — Compilation of Dialects from around the globe
  • A site for announcements and downloading the SEAL System
  • Category:Language varieties and styles Category:Lexicology Category:Language Category:Greek loanwords

    af:Dialek als:Dialekt ar:لهجة an:Dialecto az:Ləhcə be:Дыялект be-x-old:Дыялект bar:Mundart bo:ཡུལ་སྐད། bs:Dijalekt br:Rannyezh bg:Диалект ca:Dialecte cv:Диалект cs:Nářečí cy:Tafodiaith da:Dialekt de:Dialekt et:Murre es:Dialecto eo:Dialekto eu:Dialekto fa:گویش (دستور زبان) fr:Dialecte fy:Dialekt gv:Abbyrt (çhengey) gl:Dialecto ko:방언 hy:Բարբառ hr:Dijalekt io:Dialekto id:Dialek ia:Dialecto ie:Dialecte is:Mállýska it:Dialetto he:ניב (סיווג שפה) jv:Dhialek ka:დიალექტი kk:Диалект (Тіл бөлімі) sw:Lahaja kg:Patua ht:Aksan ku:Zarava la:Dialectos lv:Dialekts lt:Tarmė li:Dialek lmo:Dialet hu:Dialektus ml:ഉപഭാഷ arz:لهجه ms:Loghat mn:Аялга nl:Dialect nds-nl:Dialekt ja:方言 no:Dialekt nn:Målføre nrm:Loceis oc:Dialècte pms:Dialèt pl:Dialekt pt:Dialeto ro:Dialect rue:Діалект ru:Диалект sco:Dialect sq:Dialekti simple:Dialect sk:Nárečie sl:Narečje szl:Djalekt so:Afguri sr:Дијалект sh:Dijalekt su:Dialék fi:Murre sv:Dialekt tt:Söyläm th:ภาษาถิ่น tr:Lehçe (dil bilimi) uk:Діалекти vec:Diałeto vi:Phương ngữ wa:Diyaleke yi:אקצענט zh-yue:方言 bat-smg:Dēlekts zh:方言

    This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.



    show nameKeep It in the Family
    genreSitcom
    creatorBrian Cooke
    starringRobert GillespiePauline YatesStacy DorningJenny QuayleSabina FranklynGlyn Houston
    country
    num seasons5
    num episodes31
    runtime30 minutes
    producerMark StuartRobert ReedMichael Mills
    networkThames TelevisionITV
    first aired7 January 1980
    last aired19 October 1983 }}

    ''Keep It in the Family'' is a British comedy television series that aired for five seasons between 1980 and 1983. It was about a likable and mischievous British cartoonist, Dudley Rush. Also featured were Dudley's wife, Muriel and their two daughters, Jacqui and Susan. Dudley's literary agent, Duncan Thomas, was also featured.

    It was made by Thames Television for the ITV network.

    Characters

  • Dudley Rush — Robert Gillespie
  • Muriel Rush — Pauline Yates
  • Jacqui Rush — Jenny Quayle (series 1 & 2) — Sabina Franklyn (series 3 – 5)
  • Susan Rush — Stacy Dorning
  • Duncan Thomas — Glyn Houston
  • Wilma — Anita Graham (Series 4 & 5)
  • Hugo — David Neville (Series 4 & 5)
  • Stanley Barlow — John Carlin (Series 5)
  • Plot

    Dudley and Muriel Rush own and live in a multi-storey house, of which the ground floor has been converted into a flat. The ground floor flat had been rented from them and, when the tenant dies, the former tenant's family arrive to carry off all his possessions.

    Dudley and Muriel have two daughters, Jacqui (in her early twenties) and Susan (in her late teens). Jacqui and Susan want to have the vacant downstairs flat for themselves, so they can escape from the parental home and from Dudley's obsessive gaze. Dudley wants to rent out to the flat to somebody else but his daughters' pleas win the day and the two girls move into the flat. Dudley's obsessive and possessive gaze, though, is still on them and he objects to the young men who, he notices, visit his daughters.

    Dudley is a talented illustrator and he earns his living from drawing his cartoon strip "Barney – the Bionic Bulldog" which he does while holding a pencil in the paw of his ventriloquist lion glove puppet. Dudley draws the cartoon strip under protest for his literary agent Duncan Thomas, who sells Dudley's cartoon to newspapers. Dudley would rather do anything than draw the cartoon strip and he keeps procrastinating to such an extent that he keeps missing the deadline for his illustrations, much to the frustration of the long-suffering Duncan.

    As well as objecting to Ducan trying to keep him to publishing deadlines, Dudley also jealously objects to Duncan's obvious approval of Dudley's wife, Muriel and he also objects to Duncan's eager consumption of Muriel's delicious cakes.

    Dudley is also a compulsive practical joker, with his long-suffering agent, Duncan Thomas, usually being on the receiving end of such jokes.

    Episodes

    Series 1 (1980)

  • 1.1. Downs and Ups (7 January 1980)
  • 1.2. One of Those Days (14 January 1980)
  • 1.3. All Through the Night (21 January 1980)
  • 1.4. The Non-Mechanical Man (28 January 1980)
  • 1.5. Some Enchanted Evening (4 February 1980)
  • 1.6. A Friend in Need (11 February 1980)
  • Series 2 (1980)

  • 2.1. Phoney Business (1 September 1980)
  • 2.2. Home Is Where the Heat Is (8 September 1980)
  • 2.3. Games People Play (15 September 1980)
  • 2.4. And Not a Drop to Drink (22 September 1980)
  • 2.5. Smoke Without Fire (29 September 1980)
  • 2.6. Takeaway Sunday (6 October 1980)
  • 2.7. The Mouthtrap (13 October 1980)
  • Series 3 (1981)

  • 3.1. Splitting Headaches (1 September 1981)
  • 3.2. The Judas Goat (8 September 1981)
  • 3.3. A Game of No Chance (22 September 1981)
  • 3.4. Matter over Mind (29 September 1981)
  • 3.5. A Matter of Principle (6 October 1981)
  • 3.6. The Inferior Decorator (13 October 1981)
  • Series 4 (1982)

  • 4.1. In the Camera Club (19 October 1982)
  • 4.2. The Longest Night (26 October 1982)
  • 4.3. Job References (2 November 1982)
  • 4.4. A Snap Decision (9 November 1982)
  • 4.5. Piano Blues (16 November 1982)
  • 4.6. Alien Friends (23 November 1982)
  • Series 5 (1983)

  • 5.1. Too Many Cooks (7 September 1983)
  • 5.2. Trouble Aloft (14 September 1983)
  • 5.3. A Moving Affair (21 September 1983)
  • 5.4. Room for One on Top (5 October 1983)
  • 5.5. That Old Black Magic (12 October 1983)
  • 5.6. A Touch of the Orient (19 October 1983)
  • DVD release

    The first two series of ''Keep It in the Family'' have been released on DVD by Network in October 2010 and June 2011, so far.

    DVD !! Year(s) !! Release date
    The Complete Series 1 1980 18 October 2010
    The Complete Series 2 1980
    The Complete Series 3 1981
    The Complete Series 4 1982
    The Complete Series 5 1983
    The Complete Series 1 to 5 Box Set 1980-1983

    Trivia

    A remake of ''Keep It in the Family'' was made in the United States under the title of ''Too Close for Comfort''.

    External links

  • Comedy Guide - ''Keep It in the Family'' at bbc.co.uk
  • ''Keep It in the Family'' TV.com website
  • Category:1980 in British television Category:1980 television series debuts Category:1983 television series endings Category:1980s British television series Category:ITV sitcoms

    This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.



    Hermenegildus "Herman" Felix Victor Maria Finkers (born December 9, 1954 in Almelo, Overijssel) is a comedian from the Dutch region of Twente, who is well-known in the Netherlands for his friendly, dry-witted humour and his ambiguous style of storytelling. In his way of telling a story the moral should never be in the way of a good joke or pun. His humor is never at the expense of others, excepting his brother Wilfried Finkers, who is frequently the target of jokes. Wilfried Finkers co-wrote material and occasionally appeared in his brother's shows. Herman Finkers temporarily stopped performing in 2000, and soon afterwards he was diagnosed with a form of leukemia. He was given an estimate of 10 to 15 years of life left. On August 5, 2006 a Fuchsia was named after him. In 2007 he started playing in theatres again, with a new show called "Na de Pauze" (After the Break).

    Twents

    Finkers has a strong love for the Twents dialect. He has translated a number of his shows into Twents Low Saxon, which is his mother tongue. He also wrote and directed two short animation films, which were completely in Twents: ''Kroamschudd'n in Mariaparochie'' (which tells the story of the birth of Christ in a Twents setting) and his comic interpretation of William Shakespeare's ''MacBeth'', the former of which is shown annually around christmas on regional television. After his retirement from theatre, Finkers played a role in the first Soap series in Twents: "Van Jonge Leu en Oale Groond" (Of Young People and Old Ground). For his efforts to promote the Twents dialect he received the Johanna van Buuren prize.

    Theater performances

  • Op Zwart Zangzaad ("On Black Birdseed") (1979)
  • De terugkeer van Joop Huizinga ("Joop Huizinga's Return") 1982
  • De Diana Ros Show ("The Diana Ros Show") 1983
  • EHBO is mijn lust en mijn leven ("First aid is the love of my life") 1985
  • Het Meisje van de Slijterij ("The liquor store girl") 1987
  • De zon gaat zinloos onder, morgen moet zij toch weer op ("The sun sets pointlessly, she's got to rise again tomorrow anyway") (1990)
  • Dat heeft zo'n jongen toch niet nodig ("A guy like him doesn't need that") (1992)
  • Geen spatader veranderd ("Not changed one bit") (1995) (also in Twentsch: "Gen spatoader aans")
  • Kalm aan en rap een beetje ("Take it easy, on the double") (1998) (also in Twentsch: "Heanig an en rap wat")
  • Na de pauze ("After the break") (2007)
  • Note that some of the titles are very hard to translate puns.

    Discography

  • Van zijn LP ("From his album")
  • EHBO is mijn lust en mijn leven ("First aid is the love of my life")
  • De zon gaat zinloos onder, morgen moet zij toch weer op (The sun sets pointlessly, she's got to get up tomorrow any way.)
  • Carnaval der Dieren / Sint Joris Mis (Animal Carnival/ Saint George Mass)
  • Kroamschudd'n in Mariaparochie / MacBeth (animation films) ("Baby shower" in Mary's Parish / MacBeth)
  • Dat heeft zo'n jongen toch niet nodig (A boy like that doesn't need that.)
  • Geen spatader veranderd (Not changed one bit (pun untranslatable))
  • Kalm aan en rap een beetje. (Take it easy, on the double.)
  • Een engelhart in Rome (an angelheart in Rome) (A thoughtful Finkers on audience in the Vatican)
  • Most of his theater shows were released on VHS and DVD, and several years ago a box set of all these DVDs was made available.

    External links

  • Official web site
  • Category:1954 births Category:Living people Category:Dutch comedians Category:Dutch Roman Catholics Category:People from Almelo Category:People with cancer

    de:Herman Finkers fr:Herman Finkers fy:Herman Finkers nl:Herman Finkers nds-nl:Herman Finkers

    This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.



    season nameFrasier Season 3
    bgcolor#FF6600
    dvd release dateMay 25, 2005
    countryUnited States
    networkNBC
    first airedSeptember 19, 1995
    last airedMay 21, 1996
    num episodes24
    prev season2
    next season4 }}

    The third season of ''Frasier'' originally aired between September 1995 and May 1996, beginning on September 19, 1995.

    Reception

    The season ranked 12th in the season ratings with an average viewership of 13 million making it the 7th highest ranking show on the network.

    List of episodes

    # Title Directed by Written by Original air date

    References

    * Category:1995 television seasons Category:1996 television seasons

    it:Episodi di Frasier (terza stagione)

    This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.



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