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Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 31, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 31, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 1:59
  • Published: 31 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 31 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 31, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_31,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 26, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 26, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 2:02
  • Published: 26 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 26 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 26, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_26,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Israel's Negev great for Solar Energy: Arava Power's Ketura Sun generates renewable electricity
Israel's Negev great for Solar Energy: Arava Power's Ketura Sun generates renewable electricity
American Yossi Abramowitz, Kibbutz Ketura member Ed Hoflind, and their US-based partner David Rosenblatt have built Ketura Sun, Israel's first commercial solar energy field. On these twenty acres of land in the Negev desert, 18500 photo-voltaic plates convert the sun's energy into electricity. Only 1% of Israel's electricity currently comes from renewable energy sources, but entrepreneurs like Abramowitz hope to change that. With funding from Siemens, Ketura Sun began operating last June, and it now generates nearly five megawatts for the national grid at peak performance. Although it's a fraction of Israeli's daily peak usage of 11000 megawatts, the Arava Power Company plans to build 50 more solar fields in the next five years. This is expected to greatly alleviate Eilat's dependence on diesel. Israel has a national goal to generate 10% of its electricity using renewable sources by 2020, which will be 2.76 gigawatts. There is also an interim goal of 1.6 gigawatts by 2014, and the government expects 460 megawatts from solar power. Arava has plans for 500 megawatts capacity, and competitors are expected to add a further 1000 megawatts. This puts the country largely on schedule for the 2014 and 2020 targets, although some say the government is not doing enough. However, solar energy is still more expensive than natural gas, and analysts say removing restrictions on solar energy fields could result in price increases for consumers. SOT Arava Power Company President Yossi <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Israel's_Negev_great_for_Solar_Energy_Arava_Power's_Ketura_Sun_generates_renewable_electricity
Natural Gas: The Energy to Move Forward
Natural Gas: The Energy to Move Forward
At ConocoPhillips, we share in the growing optimism that natural gas will play an important role in establishing a balanced, sustainable energy future. Natural gas is clean, safe and affordable, with abundant supplies that can help meet America's energy needs and spur economic growth. Over the last decade, the combination of innovative drilling and well completion techniques have revolutionized the gas industry, opening up massive new sources of shale gas production in North America. Watch this video to discover how ConocoPhillips safely develops and produces this vital resource. For more information visit - www.powerincooperation.com
http://wn.com/Natural_Gas_The_Energy_to_Move_Forward
A History of Natural Gas
A History of Natural Gas
Natural gas has enormous potential as a versatile energy source. While it's had a history of powering electric generators and heating stove tops, natural gas is growing in use as an efficient fuel that also powers cars and trucks. But what exactly is natural gas? Watch this video to learn more about the history of this clean, affordable, abundant, American fuel and the high-tech process used to retrieve it.
http://wn.com/A_History_of_Natural_Gas
Forget Stocks, Invest in Natural Gas
Forget Stocks, Invest in Natural Gas
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  • Duration: 2:54
  • Published: 07 Dec 2011
  • Uploaded: 21 Jan 2012
  • Author: TheStreetTV
Forget Stocks, Invest in Natural Gas
http://wn.com/Forget_Stocks,_Invest_in_Natural_Gas
Natural Gas a Brief History
Natural Gas a Brief History
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  • Duration: 2:45
  • Published: 05 Jul 2009
  • Uploaded: 28 Jan 2012
  • Author: markdcatlin
Naturally occurring natural gas was discovered and identified in America as early as 1626, when French explorers discovered natives igniting gases that were seeping into and around Lake Erie. The American natural gas industry got its beginnings in this area. In 1859, Colonel Edwin Drake (a former railroad conductor who adopted the title 'Colonel' to impress the townspeople) dug the first well. Drake hit oil and natural gas at 69 feet below the surface of the earth. Most in the industry characterizes this well as the beginning of the natural gas industry in America. A two-inch diameter pipeline was built, running 5 and ½ miles from the well to the village of Titusville, Pennsylvania. The construction of this pipeline proved that natural gas could be brought safely and relatively easily from its underground source to be used for practical purposes. In 1821, the first well specifically intended to obtain natural gas was dug in Fredonia, New York, by William Hart. After noticing gas bubbles rising to the surface of a creek, Hart dug a 27 foot well to try and obtain a larger flow of gas to the surface. Hart is regarded by many as the 'father of natural gas' in America. Expanding on Hart's work, the Fredonia Gas Light Company was eventually formed, becoming the first American natural gas company. During most of the 19th century, natural gas was used almost exclusively as a source of light. Without a pipeline infrastructure, it was difficult to transport the gas very far, or <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Natural_Gas_a_Brief_History
Natural gas commercial
Natural gas commercial
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  • Duration: 0:37
  • Published: 03 Mar 2010
  • Uploaded: 31 Jan 2012
  • Author: LovoFilms
The idea of the film is simple. How to visualize the warmth of natural gas? By the use of the stop motion technic, we see how warmth spreads through the house as knitted wool. A film of TBWA Brussels, directed by Olivier Babinet produced by Lovo Films. Don't forget to check out the making of how we did it!
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_commercial
Natural gas Technical Analysis for the Week of January 16, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for the Week of January 16, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 1:47
  • Published: 14 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 14 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 16, 2012 commodity weekly technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_the_Week_of_January_16,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Natural Gas Technology from Modern Marvels
Natural Gas Technology from Modern Marvels
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  • Duration: 17:21
  • Published: 19 Sep 2011
  • Uploaded: 15 Jan 2012
  • Author: jleidel2220
http://wn.com/Natural_Gas_Technology_from_Modern_Marvels
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 13th, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 13th, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 3:06
  • Published: 13 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 13 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 13th, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_13th,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Natural gas prices plunge
Natural gas prices plunge
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  • Duration: 1:31
  • Published: 17 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 17 Jan 2012
  • Author: Pronews7
If you're among the 50 percent of Americans who use natural gas to heat your home, good news for you.
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_prices_plunge
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 25, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 25, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 2:26
  • Published: 25 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 25 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 25, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_25,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 17, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 17, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 2:51
  • Published: 17 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 17 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 17, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_17,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
'Fracking' for Natural Gas Continues to Raise Health Questions
'Fracking' for Natural Gas Continues to Raise Health Questions
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  • Duration: 8:21
  • Published: 16 Jun 2011
  • Uploaded: 17 Jan 2012
  • Author: PBSNewsHour
Read the Transcript: to.pbs.org A natural gas extraction method known as fracking is under sharp scrutiny in several states. Tom Bearden reports from Colorado.
http://wn.com/'Fracking'_for_Natural_Gas_Continues_to_Raise_Health_Questions
Energy for Life
Energy for Life
This video, a first in a series, presents an overview of natural gas and how it benefits everyone's lives, directly and indirectly. The animated video illustrates that everyone is touched by natural gas, everyday.
http://wn.com/Energy_for_Life
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 11th, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 11th, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 1:08
  • Published: 11 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 11 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 11th, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_11th,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 23, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 23, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 1:51
  • Published: 21 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 21 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 23, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_23,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Natural gas Technical Analysis for the Week of January 23, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for the Week of January 23, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 1:59
  • Published: 21 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 27 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 23, 2012 commodity weekly technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_the_Week_of_January_23,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 24, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 24, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 3:29
  • Published: 24 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 24 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 24, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_24,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Natural Gas Company Propaganda is BULL S*!T! The Ironic News Report Calls Them Out!
Natural Gas Company Propaganda is BULL S*!T! The Ironic News Report Calls Them Out!
The fossil fuel industry has left out a few details in their informational video about the process of drilling for natural gas. Comedian Julianna Forlano fills in the gaps in this special edition of The Ironic News Report.
http://wn.com/Natural_Gas_Company_Propaganda_is_BULL_S*!T!_The_Ironic_News_Report_Calls_Them_Out!
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 20, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 20, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 1:59
  • Published: 20 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 20 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 20, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_20,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 12, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
Natural gas Technical Analysis for January 12, 2012 by FXEmpire.com
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  • Duration: 1:50
  • Published: 12 Jan 2012
  • Uploaded: 12 Jan 2012
  • Author: FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 12, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fxempire.com and Brokers (www.fxempire.com on FX Empire (www.fxempire.com
http://wn.com/Natural_gas_Technical_Analysis_for_January_12,_2012_by_FXEmpirecom
www.fxempire.com - January 31, 2012 commodity daily technical analysis for the Natural gas commodity. Find more information about Forex and Commodities News (www.fxempire.com Technical Analysis (www.fxempire.com Fundamental Analysis (www.fx...
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 31, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
1:59
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 26, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
2:02
Is­rael's Negev great for Solar En­er­gy: Arava Power's Ke­tu­ra Sun gen­er­ates re­new­able elec­tric­i­ty
4:54
Nat­u­ral Gas: The En­er­gy to Move For­ward
4:44
A His­to­ry of Nat­u­ral Gas
11:58
For­get Stocks, In­vest in Nat­u­ral Gas
2:54
Nat­u­ral Gas a Brief His­to­ry
2:45
Nat­u­ral gas com­mer­cial
0:37
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for the Week of Jan­uary 16, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
1:47
Nat­u­ral Gas Tech­nol­o­gy from Mod­ern Mar­vels
17:21
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 13th, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
3:06
Nat­u­ral gas prices plunge
1:31
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 25, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
2:26
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 17, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
2:51
remove add to playlist video results for: natural gas
'Frack­ing' for Nat­u­ral Gas Con­tin­ues to Raise Health Ques­tions
8:21
En­er­gy for Life
1:42
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 11th, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
1:08
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 23, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
1:51
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for the Week of Jan­uary 23, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
1:59
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 24, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
3:29
Nat­u­ral Gas Com­pa­ny Pro­pa­gan­da is BULL S*!T! The Iron­ic News Re­port Calls Them Out!
7:01
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 20, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
1:59
Nat­u­ral gas Tech­ni­cal Anal­y­sis for Jan­uary 12, 2012 by FXEmpire.​com
1:50
  • The Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Shri Jaipal Reddy addressing a press conference after the bilateral meeting with his Pakistani counterpart, Mr. Asim Hussain, in New Delhi on January 25, 2012.
    PIB of India /
  • CNG powered bus in Italy, The use of methane (CNG) for vehicles in Italy started in the 1930s and has continued off and on until today. Since 2008 there have been a large market expansion for natural gas vehicles (CNG and LPG) caused by the rise of gasoline prices and by the need to reduce air pollution emissions.
    Creative Commons / Luigi Chiesa
  • K230UB CNG bus currently used as part of the
    Creative Commons / Bidgee
  • Anthracite (Ibbenbüren, Germany). Mining of anthracite coal continues to this day in eastern Pennsylvania, and contributes up to 1% to the gross state product.
    Creative Commons / Educerva
  • First generation
    Creative Commons
  • Indian Oil tanker at Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, or IndianOil, (BSE: 530965, NSE: IOC) is an Indian state-owned oil and gas corporation with its headquarters are in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
    Creative Commons / Prateek Karandikar
  • West Kern Oil Museum. Taft is situated in a major petroleum and natural gas production region in California and is one of the few remaining towns in the United States which exist exclusively because of nearby oil reserves.
    Creative Commons / Bobak Ha'Eri
  • Three Occidental Petroleum active oil wells (using nodding donkeys); south of Button willow, California. The Elk Hills Oil Field (formerly the Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1) is a large oil field in northwestern Kern County, in the Elk Hills of the San Joaquin Valley, California in the United States, about twenty miles (32 km) west of Bakersfield.
    Creative Commons / Antandrus
  • Cogeneration plant, which burns gas from the field to produce steam for enhanced recovery, and also provides electricity for California's power grid.
    Creative Commons / Antandrus
  • A CNG powered Volvo B10BLE bus, operated by SBS Transit in Singapore.
    Creative Commons / Lldenke
  • A CNG powered Volvo B10BLE bus, operated by SBS Transit in Singapore. Thailand has for over a decade run natural gas taxi cabs in Bangkok.
    Creative Commons / Calvin Teo
  • Kuwaiti firefighters fight to secure a burning oil well in the Rumaila oilfields. Oil well fires are more difficult to extinguish than regular fires due to the enormous fuel supply for the fire.
    Creative Commons / Mary Rose Xenikakis.
  • 2001–2004 Mercedes-Benz C 200 Kompressor (CL203) coupe (Australia)
    Creative Commons
  • W203
    Creative Commons
  • Mercedes-Benz C240 wagon (US)
    Creative Commons
  • Alfa DNA switch.
    Creative Commons
  • Holden Cruze (JG) CD interior
    Creative Commons
  • Astra G
    Creative Commons
  • Broadleaf tobacco inspected in Chatham, Virginia, USA.
    Creative Commons
  • The Nissan Leaf is an all-electric car launched in December 2010
    Creative Commons / 2011 Mariordo@aol.com
  • On the outskirts of Dadaab, Kenya, where many refugees are sheltering as the main camps are overcrowded.
    Creative Commons / Oxfam East Africa
  • In this April 23, 2010 photo, a Chesapeake Energy natural gas well site is seen near Burlington, Pa., in Bradford County. So vast is the wealth of natural gas locked into dense rock deep beneath Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia and Ohio that some geologists estimate it's enough to supply the entire East Coast for 50 years.
    AP / Ralph Wilson
  • In this Nov. 30, 2011 photo, a large drilling rig sits outside the Covelli Center with some of the Youngstown, Ohio skyline in the background.
    AP / Mark Stahl
  • An office water cooler with a reusable 5-US-gallon (19 L) bottle
    Creative Commons
  • Plaque commemorating Halifax's role as a convoy assembly point
    Creative Commons
  • Kelly Sautner, 19, far left, her father Craig Sautner, second from left, and her mother Julie Sautner, listens as New York Council member James Gennaro, second from right, chairman of the Council's Committee on Environmental Protection, speak during a press conference on the steps of City Hall on Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2011 in New York. A bipartisan group joined opponents of natural gas drilling by hydraulic fracturing to announce that 5,700 gallons of clean water from New York City's watershed will b
    AP / Bebeto Matthews
  • A clothespin with metal lever action
    Creative Commons
  • The Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Shri Jaipal Reddy addressing the 3rd India-Africa Hydrocarbons Conference, in New Delhi on December 09, 2011.
    PIB of India
  • The Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Shri Jaipal Reddy in a bilateral meeting with the Minister of oil and Gas, Oman, Dr Mohammed Bin Hamad Al Rumhy, on the sidelines of 20th World Petroleum Congress at Doha on December 06, 2011. The Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Shri G.C. Chaturvedi, the CMD EIL, Mr. A.K. Purwah, the CMD, BPCL, Mr. R.K. Singh, the MD, PLL, Mr. A.K. Balyan and the Director, Marketing, HPCL, Ms. Nishi Vasudeva are also seen.
    PIB of India
  • Dave Gahan performing at Royal Albert Hall, London , 17 February 2010
    Creative Commons / Noa Hassin


  • Chicago Tribune Hoping to transform the trucking industry by moving it away from diesel fuel, truckmaker Navistar Inc. will begin offering natural gas powered vehicles this year across most of its platforms. The Lisle-based company announced the move Wednesday along with a partnership with Clean Energy Fuels Corp....
  • Business Wire SEAL BEACH, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Clean Energy Fuels Corp. (Nasdaq: CLNE), North America’s leading provider of natural gas fuel for transportation, has signed a strategic joint marketing and fueling agreement with Navistar International Corp. (NYSE: NAV), global truck and engine manufacturer....
  • Chicago Business (Crain's) - Navistar International Corp. has struck a partnership with oil and gas magnate T. Boone Pickens, Jr., as part of a broad strategy to speed the shift of big rigs to natural gas. The Lisle-based truckmaker, which has been under pressure by activist investor Carl Icahn, will adapt its...
  • Nashville Tennessean The Jan. 28 op-ed by Jim Mangubat, “Subsidizing natural-gas cars is bad policy,” misses many points. He does not mention the current subsidies our government is giving to the oil...
  • Treehugger /CC BY 2.0 The old basement gas furnace. Looking toward the coming elections, will the practice of hydraulic fracturing drive poliitcal debate? Will it bring voters out? President Obama, in his latest State of the Union speech, promoted increased development of natural gas, which infers more...
  • PR Newswire My news for Investors AtLeast one of the check box should be selected You are following news about Follow the latest news about CNX Follow the latest news about MWE ...
  • PR Newswire My news for Investors AtLeast one of the check box should be selected You are following news about Follow the latest news about EGAS ...
  • The Street Natural gas burns cleaner than other fossil fuels, and is much cheaper. It could certainly help...
  • more news on: Natural Gas

    Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons (primarily ethane). It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.

    Most natural gas is created by two mechanisms: biogenic and thermogenic. Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, landfills, and shallow sediments. Deeper in the earth, at greater temperature and pressure, thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material.

    Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must undergo processing to remove almost all materials other than methane. The by-products of that processing include ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, elemental sulfur, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sometimes helium and nitrogen.

    Natural gas is often informally referred to as simply gas, especially when compared to other energy sources such as oil or coal.

    Sources

    Natural gas

    In the 19th century, natural gas was usually obtained as a byproduct of producing oil, since the small, light gas carbon chains came out of solution as the extracted fluids underwent pressure reduction from the reservoir to the surface, similar to uncapping a bottle of soda pop where the carbon dioxide effervesces. Unwanted natural gas was a disposal problem in the active oil fields. If there was not a market for natural gas near the wellhead it was virtually valueless since it had to be piped to the end user. In the 19th century and early 20th century, such unwanted gas usually was burned off in the oil fields. Today, unwanted gas (or 'stranded' gas without a market) associated with oil extraction often is returned to the reservoir with 'injection' wells while awaiting a possible future market or to repressurize the formation, which can enhance extraction rates from other wells. In regions with a high natural gas demand (such as the United States), pipelines are constructed when economics permit to take the gas from the wellsite to the end consumer.

    Another solution is to export the natural gas as a liquid. Gas-to-liquids (GTL) is a developing technology that converts stranded natural gas into synthetic gasoline, diesel or jet fuel through the Fischer-Tropsch process developed in World War II Germany. Such fuel can be transported to users through conventional pipelines and tankers. Proponents claim GTL burns cleaner than comparable petroleum fuels. Most major international oil companies are in an advanced stage of GTL production, with a world-scale ( a day) GTL plant in Qatar scheduled to be in production before 2010.

    Natural gas can be "associated" (found in oil fields) or "non-associated" (isolated in natural gas fields), and is also found in coal beds (as coalbed methane). It sometimes contains significant amounts of ethane, propane, butane, and pentane—heavier hydrocarbons removed for commercial use prior to the methane being sold as a consumer fuel or chemical plant feedstock. Non-hydrocarbons such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium (rarely), and hydrogen sulfide must be removed also before the natural gas can be transported.

    Natural gas is commercially extracted from oil fields and natural gas fields. Gas extracted from oil wells is called casinghead gas or associated gas. The natural gas industry is extracting gas from increasingly more challenging resource types: sour gas, tight gas, shale gas, and coalbed methane.

    The world's largest proven gas reserves are located in Russia, with 4.757 m³ (1.68 cubic feet). With the Gazprom company, Russia is frequently the world's largest natural gas extractor. Major proven resources (in billion cubic meters) are world 175,400 (2006), Russia 47,570 (2006), Iran 26,370 (2006), Qatar 25,790 (2007), Saudi Arabia 6,568 (2006) and United Arab Emirates 5,823 (2006).

    It is estimated that there are also about 900 trillion cubic meters of "unconventional" gas such as shale gas, of which 180 trillion may be recoverable.In turn, many studies from MIT, Black & Veatch and the DOE -- see natural gas will account for a larger portion of electricity generation and heat in the future.

    The world's largest gas field is Qatar's offshore North Field, estimated to have 25 trillion cubic meters (9.0cubic feet) of gas in place—enough to last more than 420 years at optimum extraction levels. The second largest natural gas field is the South Pars Gas Field in Iranian waters in the Persian Gulf. Located next to Qatar's North Field, it has an estimated reserve of 8 to 14 trillion cubic meters to 5.0 cubic feet)}} of gas.

    Because natural gas is not a pure product, as the reservoir pressure drops when non-associated gas is extracted from a field under supercritical (pressure/temperature) conditions, the higher molecular weight components may partially condense upon isothermic depressurizing—an effect called retrograde condensation. The liquid thus formed may get trapped as the pores of the gas reservoir get deposited. One method to deal with this problem is to re-inject dried gas free of condensate to maintain the underground pressure and to allow re-evaporation and extraction of condensates. More frequently, the liquid condenses at the surface, and this is one of the uses of the gas plant to collect this condensate. The resulting liquid is called natural gas liquid (NGL) and has a good commercial value.

    Town gas

    Town gas is a synthetically produced mixture of methane and other gases, mainly the highly toxic carbon monoxide, that can be used in a similar way to natural gas and can be produced by treating coal chemically. This is a historical technology, still used as 'best solution' in some local circumstances, although coal gasification is not usually economic at current gas prices. However, depending upon infrastructure considerations, it remains a future possibility.

    Most town "gashouses" located in the eastern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were simple by-product coke ovens which heated bituminous coal in air-tight chambers. The gas driven off from the coal was collected and distributed through town-wide networks of pipes to residences and other buildings where it was used for cooking and lighting purposes. (Gas heating did not come into widespread use until the last half of the 20th century.) The coal tar that collected in the bottoms of the gashouse ovens was often used for roofing and other water-proofing purposes, and also, when mixed with sand and gravel, was used for creating asphalt for the surfacing of local streets.

    Biogas

    When methane-rich gases are produced by the anaerobic decay of non-fossil organic matter (biomass), these are referred to as biogas (or natural biogas). Sources of biogas include swamps, marshes, and landfills (see landfill gas), as well as sewage sludge and manure by way of anaerobic digesters, in addition to enteric fermentation particularly in cattle.

    Methanogenic archaea are responsible for all biological sources of methane, some in symbiotic relationships with other life forms, including termites, ruminants, and cultivated crops. Methane released directly into the atmosphere would be considered a pollutant. However, methane in the atmosphere is oxidized, producing carbon dioxide and water. Methane in the atmosphere has a half life of seven years, meaning that if a tonne of methane were emitted today, 500 kilograms would have broken down to carbon dioxide and water after seven years.

    Other sources of methane, the principal component of natural gas, include landfill gas, biogas and methane hydrate. Biogas, and especially landfill gas, are already used in some areas, but their use could be greatly expanded. Landfill gas is a type of biogas, but biogas usually refers to gas produced from organic material that has not been mixed with other waste.

    Landfill gas is created from the decomposition of waste in landfills. If the gas is not removed, the pressure may get so high that it works its way to the surface, causing damage to the landfill structure, unpleasant odor, vegetation die-off and an explosion hazard. The gas can be vented to the atmosphere, flared or burned to produce electricity or heat. Experimental systems were being proposed for use in parts Hertfordshire, UK and Lyon in France.

    Once water vapor is removed, about half of landfill gas is methane. Almost all of the rest is carbon dioxide, but there are also small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. There are usually trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide and siloxanes, but their concentration varies widely. Landfill gas cannot be distributed through utility natural gas pipelines unless it is cleaned up to less than 3% CO2, and a few parts per million H2S, because CO2 and H2S corrode the pipelines. It is usually more economical to combust the gas on site or within a short distance of the landfill using a dedicated pipeline. Water vapor is often removed, even if the gas is combusted on site. If low temperatures condense water out of the gas, siloxanes can be lowered as well because they tend to condense out with the water vapor. Other non-methane components may also be removed in order to meet emission standards, to prevent fouling of the equipment or for environmental considerations. Co-firing landfill gas with natural gas improves combustion, which lowers emissions.

    Gas generated in sewage treatment plants is commonly used to generate electricity. For example, the Hyperion sewage plant in Los Angeles burns 8 million cubic feet of gas per day to generate power New York City utilizes gas to run equipment in the sewage plants, to generate electricity, and in boilers. Using sewage gas to make electricity is not limited to large cities. The city of Bakersfield, California uses cogeneration at its sewer plants. California has 242 sewage wastewater treatment plants, 74 of which have installed anaerobic digesters. The total biopower generation from the 74 plants is about 66 MW.

    Biogas is usually produced using agricultural waste materials, such as otherwise unusable parts of plants and manure. Biogas can also be produced by separating organic materials from waste that otherwise goes to landfills. Such method is more efficient than just capturing the landfill gas it produces. Using materials that would otherwise generate no income, or even cost money to get rid of, improves the profitability and energy balance of biogas production.

    Anaerobic lagoons produce biogas from manure, while biogas reactors can be used for manure or plant parts. Like landfill gas, biogas is mostly methane and carbon dioxide, with small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. However, with the exception of pesticides, there are usually lower levels of contaminants.

    Crystallized natural gas – hydrates

    Huge quantities of natural gas (primarily methane) exist in the form of hydrates under sediment on offshore continental shelves and on land in arctic regions that experience permafrost such as those in Siberia (hydrates require a combination of high pressure and low temperature to form). However, no technology has been developed to extract natural gas economically from hydrates.

    In 2010, using current technology, the cost of extracting natural gas from crystallized natural gas is estimated to 100%–200% the cost of extracting natural gas from conventional sources, and even higher from offshore deposits.

    Natural gas processing

    The image below is a schematic block flow diagram of a typical natural gas processing plant. It shows the various unit processes used to convert raw natural gas into sales gas pipelined to the end user markets.

    The block flow diagram also shows how processing of the raw natural gas yields byproduct sulfur, byproduct ethane, and natural gas liquids (NGL) propane, butanes and natural gasoline (denoted as pentanes +).

    Uses

    Power generation

    Natural gas is a major source of electricity generation through the use of gas turbines and steam turbines. Most grid peaking power plants and some off-grid engine-generators use natural gas. Particularly high efficiencies can be achieved through combining gas turbines with a steam turbine in combined cycle mode. Natural gas burns more cleanly than other Hydrocarbon fuels, such as oil and coal, and produces less carbon dioxide per unit of energy released. For an equivalent amount of heat, burning natural gas produces about 30% less carbon dioxide than burning petroleum and about 45% less than burning coal. Combined cycle power generation using natural gas is thus the cleanest source of power available using hydrocarbon fuels, and this technology is widely used wherever gas can be obtained at a reasonable cost. Fuel cell technology may eventually provide cleaner options for converting natural gas into electricity, but as yet it is not price-competitive.

    Domestic use

    Natural gas dispensed from a simple stovetop can generate heat in excess of 2000°F (1093°C) making it a powerful domestic cooking and heating fuel. In much of the developed world it is supplied to homes via pipes where it is used for many purposes including natural gas-powered ranges and ovens, natural gas-heated clothes dryers, heating/cooling and central heating. Home or other building heating may include boilers, furnaces, and water heaters. Compressed natural gas (CNG) is used in rural homes without connections to piped-in public utility services, or with portable grills. Natural gas is also supplied by independent natural gas suppliers through Natural Gas Choice programs throughout the United States. However, due to CNG being less economical than LPG, LPG (propane) is the dominant source of rural gas.

    Transportation

    CNG is a cleaner alternative to other automobile fuels such as gasoline (petrol) and diesel. As of 2008 there were 9.6 million natural gas vehicles worldwide, led by Pakistan (2.0 million), Argentina (1.7 million), Brazil (1.6 million), Iran (1.0 million), and India (650,000). The energy efficiency is generally equal to that of gasoline engines, but lower compared with modern diesel engines. Gasoline/petrol vehicles converted to run on natural gas suffer because of the low compression ratio of their engines, resulting in a cropping of delivered power while running on natural gas (10%–15%). CNG-specific engines, however, use a higher compression ratio due to this fuel's higher octane number of 120–130.

    Fertilizers

    Natural gas is a major feedstock for the production of ammonia, via the Haber process, for use in fertilizer production.

    Aviation

    Russian aircraft manufacturer Tupolev is currently running a development program to produce LNG- and hydrogen-powered aircraft. The program has been running since the mid-1970s, and seeks to develop LNG and hydrogen variants of the Tu-204 and Tu-334 passenger aircraft, and also the Tu-330 cargo aircraft. It claims that at current market prices, an LNG-powered aircraft would cost 5,000 roubles (~ $218/ £112) less to operate per ton, roughly equivalent to 60%, with considerable reductions to carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions.

    The advantages of liquid methane as a jet engine fuel are that it has more specific energy than the standard kerosene mixes do and that its low temperature can help cool the air which the engine compresses for greater volumetric efficiency, in effect replacing an intercooler. Alternatively, it can be used to lower the temperature of the exhaust.

    Hydrogen

    Natural gas can be used to produce hydrogen, with one common method being the hydrogen reformer. Hydrogen has many applications: it is a primary feedstock for the chemical industry, a hydrogenating agent, an important commodity for oil refineries, and a fuel source in hydrogen vehicles.

    Other

    Natural gas is also used in the manufacture of fabrics, glass, steel, plastics, paint, and other products.

    Storage and transport

    Because of its low density, it is not easy to store natural gas or transport by vehicle. Natural gas pipelines are impractical across oceans. Many existing pipelines in America are close to reaching their capacity, prompting some politicians representing northern states to speak of potential shortages. In Europe, the gas pipeline network is already dense in the West. New pipelines are planned or under construction in Eastern Europe and between gas fields in Russia, Near East and Northern Africa and Western Europe. See also List of natural gas pipelines.

    LNG carriers transport liquefied natural gas (LNG) across oceans, while tank trucks can carry liquefied or compressed natural gas (CNG) over shorter distances. Sea transport using CNG carrier ships that are now under development may be competitive with LNG transport in specific conditions.

    Gas is turned into liquid at a liquefaction plant, and is returned to gas form at regasification plant at the terminal. Shipborne regasification equipment is also used. LNG is the preferred form for long distance, high volume transportation of natural gas, whereas pipeline is preferred for transport for distances up to 4,000 km over land and approximately half that distance offshore.

    CNG is transported at high pressure, typically above 200 bars. Compressors and decompression equipment are less capital intensive and may be economical in smaller unit sizes than liquefaction/regasification plants. Natural gas trucks and carriers may transport natural gas directly to end-users, or to distribution points such as pipelines.

    In the past, the natural gas which was recovered in the course of recovering petroleum could not be profitably sold, and was simply burned at the oil field in a process known as flaring. Flaring is now illegal in many countries. Additionally, companies now recognize that gas may be sold to consumers in the form of LNG or CNG, or through other transportation methods. The gas is now re-injected into the formation for later recovery. The re-injection also assists oil pumping by keeping underground pressures higher.

    A "master gas system" was invented in Saudi Arabia in the late 1970s, ending any necessity for flaring. Satellite observation, however, shows that flaring and venting are still practiced in some gas-extracting countries.

    Natural gas is used to generate electricity and heat for desalination. Similarly, some landfills that also discharge methane gases have been set up to capture the methane and generate electricity.

    Natural gas is often stored underground inside depleted gas reservoirs from previous gas wells, salt domes, or in tanks as liquefied natural gas. The gas is injected in a time of low demand and extracted when demand picks up. Storage nearby end users helps to meet volatile demands, but such storage may not always be practicable.

    With 15 countries accounting for 84% of the worldwide extraction, access to natural gas has become an important issue in international politics, and countries vie for control of pipelines. In the first decade of the 21st century, Gazprom, the state-owned energy company in Russia, engaged in disputes with Ukraine and Belarus over the price of natural gas, which have created worries that gas deliveries to parts of Europe could be cut off for political reasons.

    Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) is an innovative technology designed to enable the development of offshore gas resources that would otherwise remain untapped because due to environmental or economic factors it is nonviable to develop them via a land-based LNG operation. FLNG technology also provides a number of environmental and economic advantages:

    Environmental – Because all processing is done at the gas field, there is no requirement for long pipelines to shore, compression units to pump the gas to shore, dredging and jetty construction, and onshore construction of an LNG processing plant, which significantly reduces the environmental footprint. Avoiding construction also helps preserve marine and coastal environments. In addition, environmental disturbance will be minimised during decommissioning because the facility can easily be disconnected and removed before being refurbished and re-deployed elsewhere.

    Economic – Where pumping gas to shore can be prohibitively expensive, FLNG makes development economically viable. As a result, it will open up new business opportunities for countries to develop offshore gas fields that would otherwise remain stranded, such as those offshore East Africa.

    Many gas and oil companies are considering the economic and environmental benefits of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG)However, for the time being, the only FLNG facility now in development is being built by Shell, due for completion in around 2017.

    Environmental effects

    CO2 emissions

    Natural gas is often described as the cleanest fossil fuel, producing less carbon dioxide per joule delivered than either coal or oil and far fewer pollutants than other hydrocarbon fuels. However, in absolute terms, it does contribute substantially to global carbon emissions, and this contribution is projected to grow. According to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (Working Group III Report, chapter 4), in 2004, natural gas produced about 5.3 billion tons a year of CO2 emissions, while coal and oil produced 10.6 and 10.2 billion tons respectively (figure 4.4). According to an updated version of the SRES B2 emissions scenario, however, by the year 2030, natural gas would be the source of 11 billion tons a year, with coal and oil now 8.4 and 17.2 billion respectively because demand is increasing 1.9% a year (Total global emissions for 2004 were estimated at over 27,200 million tons) In addition, natural gas itself is a greenhouse gas more potent than carbon dioxide when released into the atmosphere, although natural gas is released in much smaller quantities. However, methane is oxidized in the atmosphere, and hence natural gas has a residence lifetime in the atmosphere for approximately 12 years, compared to CO2, which is already oxidized, and has an effect for 100 to 500 years. Natural gas is mainly composed of methane, which has a radiative forcing twenty times greater than carbon dioxide. Based on such composition, a ton of methane in the atmosphere traps in as much radiation as 20 tons of carbon dioxide, but remains in the atmosphere for a 8–40 times shorter time. Carbon dioxide still receives the lion's share of attention over greenhouse gases because it is released in much larger amounts. Still, it is inevitable when natural gas is used on a large scale that some of it will leak into the atmosphere. (Coal methane not captured by coal bed methane extraction techniques is simply lost into the atmosphere; however, most methane in the atmosphere is currently from animals and bacteria, not from human's leaks.). Current estimates by the EPA place global emissions of methane at 3 trillion cubic feet annually, or 3.2% of global production. Direct emissions of methane represented 14.3% of all global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2004.

    Other pollutants

    Natural gas produces far lower amounts of sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxides than any other hydrocarbon fuel. Carbon dioxide produced is 117,000 ppm vs 208,000 for burning coal. Carbon monoxide produced is 40 ppm vs 208 for burning coal. Nitrogen oxides produced is 92 ppm vs 457 for burning coal. Sulfur dioxide is 1 ppm vs 2,591 for burning coal. Mercury is 0 vs .016 for burning coal. Particulates are also a major contribution to global warming. Natural gas has 7ppm vs coal's 2,744ppm.

    Safety

    A minute amount of odorant which will contain butyl mercaptan, with an odor that is associated with natural gas, and has been described as a rotten egg odor, is added to the otherwise colorless and almost odorless gas used by consumers, to assist in detecting leaks before a fire or explosion occurs. Sometimes a related compound, thiophane may be used in the mixture, with a rotten-egg smell.

    In mines, where methane seeping from rock formations has no odor, sensors are used, and mining apparatus such as the Davy lamp has been specifically developed to avoid ignition sources.

    Explosions caused by natural gas leaks occur a few times each year. Individual homes, small businesses and other structures are most frequently affected when an internal leak builds up gas inside the structure. Frequently, the blast will be enough to significantly damage a building but leave it standing. In these cases, the people inside tend to have minor to moderate injuries. Occasionally, the gas can collect in high enough quantities to cause a deadly explosion, disintegrating one or more buildings in the process. The gas usually dissipates readily outdoors, but can sometimes collect in dangerous quantities if flow rates are high enough. However, considering the tens of millions of structures that use the fuel, the individual risk of using natural gas is very low.

    Some gas fields yield sour gas containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This untreated gas is toxic. Amine gas treating, an industrial scale process which removes acidic gaseous components, is often used to remove hydrogen sulfide from natural gas.

    Extraction of natural gas (or oil) leads to decrease in pressure in the reservoir. Such decrease in pressure in turn may result in subsidence at ground level. Subsidence may affect ecosystems, waterways, sewer and water supply systems, foundations, and so on.

    Natural gas heating systems are a minor source of carbon monoxide deaths in the United States. According to the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (2008), 56% of unintentional deaths from non-fire CO poisoning were associated with engine-driven tools like gas-powered generators and lawn mowers. Natural gas heating systems accounted for 4% of these deaths. Improvements in natural gas furnace designs have greatly reduced CO poisoning concerns. Detectors are also available that warn of carbon monoxide and/or explosive gas (methane, propane, etc.).

    Releasing the gas from low-permeability reservoirs is accomplished by a process called hydrofracking. To allow the natural gas to flow out of the shale, oil operators force one to nine million gallons of water mixed with a variety of chemicals through the wellbore casing into the shale. The high pressure water breaks up or "fracks" the shale, which releases the trapped gas. Sand is added to the water as a proppant to keep the fractures in the shale open, thus enabling the gas to flow into the casing and then to the surface. The chemicals are added to the frack fluid to reduce friction and combat corrosion. During the extracting life of a gas well, other low concentrations of other chemical substances may be used, such as biocides to eliminate fouling, scale and corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers to remove a source of corrosion, and acids to clean the perforations in the pipe.

    Dealing with fracking fluid can be a challenge. Along with the gas, 30% to 70% of the chemically-laced frack fluid, or flow back, returns to the surface. Additionally, a significant amount of salt and other minerals, once a part of the rock layers that were under prehistoric seas, may be incorporated in the flow back as they dissolve in the frack fluid.

    Energy content, statistics and pricing

    Quantities of natural gas are measured in normal cubic meters (corresponding to 0 °C at 101.325 kPa) or in standard cubic feet (corresponding to and 14.73 psia). The gross heat of combustion of one cubic meter of commercial quality natural gas is around 39 megajoules (≈10.8 kWh), but this can vary by several percent. This comes to about 49 megajoules (≈13.5 kWh) for one kg of natural gas (assuming 0.8 kg/m^3, an approximate value).

    The price of natural gas varies greatly depending on location and type of consumer. In 2007, a price of $7 per was typical in the United States. The typical caloric value of natural gas is roughly 1,000 British thermal units (BTU) per cubic foot, depending on gas composition. This corresponds to around $7 per million BTU, or around $7 per gigajoule. In April 2008, the wholesale price was $10 per ($10/MMBTU). The residential price varies from 50% to 300% more than the wholesale price. At the end of 2007, this was $12–$16 per . Natural gas in the United States is traded as a futures contract on the New York Mercantile Exchange. Each contract is for 10,000 MMBTU (~10,550 gigajoules), or 10 billion BTU. Thus, if the price of gas is $10 per million BTUs on the NYMEX, the contract is worth $100,000.

    European Union

    As one of the world's largest importers of natural gas, the EU is a major player on the international gas market.

    Gas prices for end users vary greatly across the EU. A single European energy market, one of the key objectives of the European Union, should level the prices of gas in all EU member states.

    United States

    In US units, one standard cubic foot of natural gas produces around 1,028 British thermal units (BTU). The actual heating value when the water formed does not condense is the net heat of combustion and can be as much as 10% less.

    In the United States, retail sales are often in units of therms (th); 1 therm = 100,000 BTU. Gas meters measure the volume of gas used, and this is converted to therms by multiplying the volume by the energy content of the gas used during that period, which varies slightly over time. Wholesale transactions are generally done in decatherms (Dth), or in thousand decatherms (MDth), or in million decatherms (MMDth). A million decatherms is roughly a billion cubic feet of natural gas. Gas sales to domestic consumers may be in units of 100 standard cubic feet (Ccf).

    As of 2009, the Potential Gas Committee estimated that the United States has total future recoverable natural gas resources approximately 100 times greater than current annual consumption.

    Canada

    Canada uses metric measure for internal trade of petrochemical products. Consequently, natural gas is sold by the Gigajoule, a measure approximately equal to 1/2 of a barrel (250lbs) of oil, or 1 million BTUs, or 1000 cu ft of gas, or 100cu metres of gas.

    Elsewhere

    In the rest of the world, Natural gas is sold in Gigajoule retail units. LNG (liquefied natural gas) and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) are traded in metric tons or mmBTU as spot deliveries. Long term Natural gas distribution contracts are signed in cubic metres, and LNG contracts are in metric tonnes (1,000kg). The LNG and LPG is transported by specialized transport ships, as the gas is liquified at cryogenic temperatures. The specification of each LNG/LPG cargo will usually contain the energy content, but this information is in general not available to the public.

    In the Russian Federation, Gazprom sold approximately 250 billion cubic metres of natural gas in 2008.

    See also

  • Associated petroleum gas
  • Drip gas
  • Energy development
  • Gas oil ratio
  • Giant oil and gas fields
  • Hydraulic fracturing
  • Natural gas by country
  • Peak gas
  • Renewable natural gas
  • World energy resources and consumption
  • References

    Category:Fuel gas

    af:Aardgas ar:غاز طبيعي an:Gas natural bn:প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাস be:Прыродны газ be-x-old:Прыродны газ bs:Zemni plin bg:Природен газ ca:Gas natural cs:Zemní plyn cy:Nwy naturiol da:Naturgas de:Erdgas et:Maagaas el:Φυσικό αέριο es:Gas natural eo:Tergaso eu:Gas natural fa:گاز طبیعی fr:Gaz naturel fy:Ierdgas ga:Gás nádúrtha gl:Gas natural ko:천연 가스 hi:प्राकृतिक गैस hr:Prirodni plin id:Gas alam is:Jarðgas it:Gas naturale he:גז טבעי jv:Gas bumi ka:ბუნებრივი აირი sw:Gesi asilia ku:Erdgaz lv:Dabasgāze lt:Gamtinės dujos lmo:Gass natüral hu:Földgáz mk:Земен гас mr:नैसर्गिक वायू ms:Gas asli mn:Байгалийн хий nl:Aardgas nds-nl:Eerdgas ja:天然ガス no:Naturgass nn:Naturgass pl:Gaz ziemny pt:Gás natural ro:Gaz natural qu:Allpa wapsi ru:Природный газ rue:Земный ґаз sq:Gazi natyror simple:Natural gas sk:Zemný plyn sl:Zemeljski plin sr:Zemni gas sh:Zemni gas fi:Maakaasu sv:Naturgas ta:இயற்கை எரிவளி te:సహజ వాయువు th:แก๊สธรรมชาติ tr:Doğal gaz uk:Природний газ vi:Khí thiên nhiên zh-yue:天然氣 zh:天然气

    This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.



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