Yue Yi (Traditional Chinese: 樂毅, Simplified Chinese: 乐毅) was an officer of the State of Yan during the Warring State period, also known as Lord Guojun. He was the son of the prime minister of the small nation of Zhongshan, but when Zhongshan was destroyed by Zhao's King Wuling, he was forced to wander from country to country. His talents were recognized by Yan's King Zhao, and he was made a minister. He served with great skill and helped forge the alliance with the nations of Zhao, Wei, Chu, Han and Qin against the threat posed by Qi. He led the allied armies and crushed the Qi forces. The cruel King of Qi was driven away, and, except for two cities, the entire territory of Qi was brought under control. Soon thereafter, King Zhao suddenly died. Due to the scheming of Tian Dan of Qi, King Hui was suspected of involvement in the death and was exiled to Zhao. He left the service of King Zhao on amicable terms but continued to spend time there, and became an important figure in both Zhao and Yan.

Popular culture

Yue Yi is one of the 32 historical figures who appear as special characters in the video game ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI'' by Koei. In the Chinese classical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'', Zhuge Liang often compares himself with Yue Yi and Guan Zhong.

Category:Zhou Dynasty people

ko:악의 ja:楽毅 vi:Nhạc Nghị zh:乐毅

name	Jay Chou
tradchinesename	周杰倫
simpchinesename	周杰伦
pinyinchinesename	Zhōu Jiélún
origin	Republic of China (Taiwan)
birth date	January 18, 1979
birth place	Linkou, Taipei County, Taiwan
othername	Director Chou (周董)
occupation	Musician, singer-songwriter, composer, record producer, rapper, DJ, music video director, film director, music arranger, model, screenwriter, actor
genre	Mandopop, Taiwanese pop, Chinese rock, R&B;, Hip pop
instrument	Piano, violin, cello, guitar, drum, guzheng, bass guitar, keyboard, pipa, erhu, harmonica
label	Sony Music Taiwan (2008–present)JVR Music (2007–present)Alfa Music (1999–2007)
yearsactive	2000–present
parents	Father: Zhou Yaozhong (周耀中)Mother: Ye Huimei (葉惠美)
influenced	Nan Quan Mama
religion	Buddhist
website	Jay Chou@JVR Music
hongkongfilmwards	Best New Performer2006 ''Initial D''Best Original Film Song2007 "Chrysanthemum Terrace" (''Curse of the Golden Flower'')
goldenhorseawards	Best Newcomer2005 ''Initial D''Outstanding Taiwanese Film of the Year2007 ''Secret''Best Original Song2007 "The Secret That Cannot Be Told" (''Secret'')
mtvasiaawards	Favorite Artist, Taiwan2002, 2005
goldenmelodyawards	Best Mandarin Album2001 ''Jay''2002 ''Fantasy''2004 ''Ye Hui Mei''2011 ''The Era''Best Music Video2009 ''"Mr. Magic"'' (''Capricorn'')Best Song of the Year2008 ''"Blue and White Porcelain"'' (''On the Run'')2009 ''"Fragrant Rice"'' (''Capricorn'')Best Composer2002 ''"Love Before A.D."'' (''Fantasy'')2008 ''"Blue and White Porcelain"'' (''On the Run'')Best Producer2002 ''Fantasy'' Best Single Producer2007 ''Fearless EP''Best Male Mandarin Artist2009 ''Capricorn''2011 ''The Era''Best Composer (Instrumental Category)2008 ''"Piano Room"'' (''Secret'')Best Producer (Instrumental Category)2008 ''Secret Original Movie Soundtrack'' (''Secret'')
awards	World Music AwardsBest-Selling Chinese Artist2004, 2006, 2007, 2008Shanghai Film Critics Awards2007 Best Actor (''Curse of the Golden Flower'') }}

Jay Chou (; born 18 January 1979) is a Taiwanese musician, singer-songwriter, music and film producer, actor and director who has won the World Music Award four times. He is well-known for composing all his own songs and songs for other singers. In 1998 he was discovered in a talent contest where he displayed his piano and song-writing skills. Over the next two years, he was hired to compose for popular Mandarin singers. Although he was trained in classical music, Chou combines Chinese and Western music styles to produce songs that fuse R&B;, rock and pop genres.

In 2000, Chou released his first album, titled ''Jay'', under the record company Alfa Music. Since then he has released one album per year except in 2009, selling several million copies each. His music has gained recognition throughout Asia, most notably in regions such as Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and in overseas Asian communities, winning more than 20 awards each year. He has sold more than 28 million albums worldwide up to 2010. He debuted his acting career in ''Initial D'' (2005), for which he won Best Newcomer Actor in both the Hong Kong Film Awards and the Golden Horse Awards, and was nominated for Best Supporting Actor by Hong Kong Film Awards for his role in ''Curse of the Golden Flower'' (2006). He produced the theme song for the film Ocean Heaven starring Jet Li. His career now extends into directing and running his own record company JVR Music.

Life and career

Jay Chou grew up in Linkou, Taipei County, Taiwan. Both his parents were secondary school teachers: his mother, Ye Hui Mei (), taught fine arts, while his father, Zhou Yao Zhong (), was a biomedical researcher. His mother noticed his sensitivity to music and took him to piano lessons at the age of three. During his childhood, he was fascinated with capturing sounds and songs with his tape recorder, which he carried everywhere with him. In the third grade, he became interested in music theory and also started cello lessons. He is an only child and loved to play piano, imitate TV actors, and perform magic tricks. His favorite composer was, and still is to this day, Chopin. His parents divorced when he was 13, which caused him to become reclusive and introverted. Although he had friends, he often preferred to be alone, listening to music, contemplating and daydreaming. At Tamkang Senior High School, he majored in piano and minored in cello. He showed talent for improvisation, became fond of pop music and began to write songs.

Chou graduated from high school with inadequate grades for university, so he prepared for military service, which was compulsory for all Taiwanese men at the age of 18. However, a sports injury triggered by an unexplainable and severe back pain eventually led to the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, a hereditary spine inflammation disease; as a result, he was exempted from conscription. Meanwhile, he found himself a job as a waiter. Without his knowing, his friend had entered both their names in a talent show called ''Super New Talent King''. Chou played the piano accompaniment for his friend, whose singing was described as "lousy". Although they did not win, the show's host Jacky Wu—an influential character in Taiwan's entertainment business—happened to glance at Chou's music score and was impressed with its complexity. Wu hired him as a contract composer and paired him with the novice lyricist Vincent Fang.

Over the next two years he wrote songs for Mandarin pop artists, and also learned recording and sound mixing; his dedication was apparent as he even slept in the music studio. Wu's music studio was later sold to Alfa Music, and the new manager Yang Jun Rong asked him to release his own album. Chou already had an arsenal of songs he wrote for others but had been rejected, so among those he chose 10 for his debut CD ''Jay'' that was released in 2000. The album established his reputation as a musically gifted singer-songwriter whose style is a fusion of R&B;, rap, classical music, and yet distinctly Chinese. His fame spread quickly in Chinese-speaking regions including countries throughout Southeast Asia. Since 2000, Chou has released one album per year, except the year 2009, each selling several million copies, and has been recognized with hundreds of awards. In 2003, he was the cover story of ''Time'' magazine (Asia version), acknowledging his influence on popular culture. He has held four world tours, "The One" (2002), "Incomparable" (2004), "Jay Chou The World Tours" (2007–2008) and "The Era" (2010–2011) performing in cities such as Taipei, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Beijing, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Las Vegas, Toronto and Vancouver. Unlike most singers, Chou has an enormous amount of creative control over his music. He is not only the songwriter but also the producer on all of his albums; since 2005 he is also the music director and also directs his own music videos.

Music

Musical style

Chou's compositions are loosely categorized as pop music. While many of his works fall into contemporary R&B;, rap, and rock genres, the term "Chou Style" () has been popularized to describe his trademark cross-cultural music and his insistence on singing with slurred enunciation. ''Taipei Times'' once described the meaning of "Chou Style": "In what has become the archetypal Chou style, Taiwan's favorite son blends pop, rap, blues and a smorgasbord of esthetic elements of world music to create his dream-like never-never land ..."

He regularly fuses traditional Chinese instruments and styles with R&B; or rock to form a new genre called "Zhongguo feng" (), which literally means "Chinese Style Music", some of which are written in the Pentatonic Scale as opposed to the more common seven-note scale (Diatonic Scale) to accentuate an oriental style. Besides his own culture, he also incorporated Spanish guitar in "Red Imitation" (), American techno/electronica in "Herbalist's Manual" (), rap with subtle classical music undertones in "Reverse Scales" (), Blues style in "Free Tutorial Video" () and Bossanova style in "Rosemary" (), to name a few. Sound effects from everyday life are frequently woven into his music, such as bouncing ping pong balls, touch tone phone dialing, helicopter blades, dripping rain, and radio static noise (concrete music).

His formal musical training is evident by the use of classical textures in his compositions. For example, counterpoint was used in "Perfection" () and "Sorry" (), while polyphony can be found in "The Wound That Ends War" () and "Twilight's Chapter Seven" ().

Chou's albums have been noted for the lack of change compared to his earlier works, yet he firmly stated that he will not alter his style: "They say I've been standing still ... but this is the music I want, and I don't see what I want by moving ahead." To demonstrate his point, he named his 2006 album ''Still Fantasy'' after his 2001 album ''Fantasy''. His use of relaxed enunciation has been criticized as "mumbling" which he also insisted will not change; however, recently he has adopted clearer pronunciation for certain songs, particularly more traditional Chinese style songs, such as "Faraway" () which features Fei Yu-ching and "Chrysanthemum Terrace" ().

Lyrics

Chou is more often a singer-composer than a lyricist. Several "regulars" write the lyrics for most of his music, but the content and style is unified with his own personality and image, covering a diverse range of topics and ideas. Vincent Fang accounts for more than half of the lyrics in his albums, helping to establish an important element in Chou's music: the use of meaningful, imagery- and emotionally-rich lyrics, sometimes written in the form of ancient Chinese poetry with reference to Chinese history or folklore. In addition to writing romantic hits, he also touches on war, the Bible, sports, and martial arts. Vivian Hsu is a singer herself and has helped with Chou's earlier hits, while Huang Jun Lang () is noted for his work surrounding unusual themes (such as a detective story and chess game).

Chou himself has written lyrics for many ballads, but has also discussed societal ills such as drug addiction in "Coward" () and loss of the rural countryside to urbanization in "Terrace fields" (). Domestic violence discussed in "Dad, I am back" () received a great deal of commotion since he was the first to bring up this taboo subject in Sanscript music, which helped solidify his status as a pioneer and a unique pop singer capable of approaching serious issues. In the songs "Maternal grandmother" () and "Listen to Mother" (), he voiced his high regard for family values. He addressed personal issues about his failure to enter university in "Split" (), his resentment towards the paparazzi in "Besieged From All Sides" (), "Rice Fragrance" (), a song from his 9th album Capricorn encourages people not to give up their dreams even when facing difficulties in life, the sadness of becoming a clown in "Uncle Joker"() and highlighted the importance of individuality in "Popular Imitation" ().

Collaborations

Chou began as a songwriter for other singers and continued this area of work even after he debuted his own career in singing. He has composed frequently for Jolin Tsai, Landy Wen, and occasionally for other Taiwanese singers such as Coco Lee, S.H.E, Vivian Hsu, Leehom Wang, Will Liu, Valen Hsu, and Hong Kong pop stars Edmond Leung, Gigi Leung, Jordan Chan, Edison Chen, Karen Mok, Leo Ku, Eason Chan, and Joey Yung, as well as a one-time collaboration with Howard Su. He has also written for singers outside of his generation—over one dozen songs for his mentor Jacky Wu, later also for Taiwanese singer Jody Chiang, and Hong Kong singers Jacky Cheung, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok, and Kenny Bee.

He initiated the band Nan Quan Mama in 2004, selecting band members and overseeing their album production. The group has been noted for sounding too similar to their mentor; as a result, Chou has reduced his involvement in the band, but continues to help increase their exposure to mass audiences by inviting them as guests performers for his own concerts and music videos.

He has performed live duets with Landy Wen, Jolin Tsai, and former girlfriend news anchor Patty Hou, but only two studio recordings of duets have been formally placed in his own albums: "Coral Sea" () in 2005 with Lara Veronin (of Nan Quan Mama) and "Faraway" () in 2006 features Fei Yu-Ching, who began his career in the 1970s. Besides working with singers, Chou's longest-running collaboration is with lyricist Vincent Fang, as they both started their careers in the music field in 1998. The compilation album ''Partners'' () featured 12 songs, each consisting of Chou's musical and Fang's lyrical compositions. Fang has written the words to more than 40 of Chou's songs, was the chief editor of Chou's book ''Grandeur de D Major'' (), and is now Chou's business partner (together with Chou's manager JR Yang) for the record company JVR Music. Jay Chou was also featured in Cindy Yen's (袁詠琳) song "Sand Painting" (畫沙) released in October 2009. Jay Chou collaborates with Kobe Bryant on "The Heaven and Earth Challenge"(天地一鬥) in order to "promote youth creativity, as well as an upcoming slam-dunk competition in China." The song was released at a press conference before the NBA All-Star Game on 20 February 2011.

World tours

Jay held his first series of five solo concerts, titled ''Fantasy Concert'' (范特西演唱會), with the first stop on 11 January 2001 at Taoyuan Arena, Taiwan. Followed by two shows at the Hong Kong Coliseum, one in Malaysia and ended in Singapore on 10 February 2002. His second concert tour, ''The One Concert'' (The One 演唱會) commenced on 28 September 2002 at Taipei Municipal Stadium, followed by 11 stops and ended at Shenzhen Stadium, China on 3 January 2004.

Two more series of world tours followed: ''Incomparable Concert'' (無與倫比演唱會) in 2004 and ''Jay Chou 2007 World Tours'' (2007世界巡迴演唱會), with stops in cities such as Taipei, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Beijing, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Las Vegas, Toronto and Vancouver. In 2010, to celebrate Jay's 10 year career in the entertainment industry, he embarked on his fifth series of concert tour titled, ''New Era World Tour'' (超時代演唱會), with the first stop of three concerts from 11 to 13 June 2010 at Taipei Arena, followed by 24 stops ending in Malaysia on 5 March 2011.

;World tours/Live (DVD) album releases

2001 – ''Fantasy Concert'' (范特西演唱會)

2002 – ''The One Concert'' (The One 演唱會) – ''Jay Chou The One Concert Live''

2004 – ''Incomparable Concert'' (無與倫比演唱會) – ''Incomparable Jay Concert Live''

2007 – ''Jay Chou World Tours'' (世界巡迴演唱會) – ''Jay Chou 2007 the World Tours Concert Live''

2010 – ''New Era World Tour'' (超時代演唱會) – ''Jay Chou 2010 The Era World Tours Concert Live''

Other works

Movie career

Chou formally entered the film industry in 2005 with the release of the movie ''Initial D'' (頭文字Ｄ). He has since acted in three other movies, directed one film and more than a dozen music videos. Chou, who once said "I live because of music", ventured into movies because he felt the need for a new challenge. As fans have grown concerned that movies will compromise his music career, Chou has repeatedly reassured that movies are a source of inspiration and not a distraction; at the same time, he realizes the need to balance both careers and maintain his place in the music field to garner the continued support of fans.

Acting

Entry into acting was an unexpected move for Chou. His high school English teacher thought he was capable of very few facial expressions, and the director of ''Hidden Track'' (2003, a movie in which Chou had a cameo role) said that his strong individualistic personality will not make him a good actor. In 2005, Chou's first role as the lead actor in ''Initial D'' served two purposes: to launch his acting debut, and to increase his exposure to Japanese audiences. This film is based on the Japanese comic ''Initial D'', where Chou played Takumi Fujiwara, a gifted touge racer who is quiet and rarely shows expression. Some reviewers criticized his bland acting while others felt he performed naturally, but only because the character’s personality closely mirrored his own. His performance in ''Initial D'' won him Best Newcomer Actor in Golden Horse Awards and Hong Kong Film Awards. Chou’s second film was ''Curse of the Golden Flower'' (2006). As a supporting character, he drew much of the attention of Chinese reporters; Chou’s involvement in this movie was announced in its own press conference, separate from the meeting held for Chow Yun-fat, Gong Li, and the other actors. Chou portrayed Prince Jai, the ambitious second eldest prince and general of the Imperial army whose personality epitomizes Xiao (孝), the Chinese virtue of filial piety. In this internationally-released film, North American audiences saw Chou for the first time. According to Chinese movie critics, comments about his acting ranged from "lacks complexity" to "acceptable," but was critically praised by Western reviewers. His performance in ''Curse of the Golden Flower'' was nominated Best Supporting Actor in the Hong Kong Film Awards. In the 2008 film ''Kung Fu Dunk'', Chou portrayed a kung fu student and dunking prodigy, and the film earned over ¥100 million (US$14.7 million). Chou portrayed Kato in ''The Green Hornet'', directed by Michel Gondry and released in January 2011, after Hong Kong actor Stephen Chow withdrew from the project, the film grossed over $228 million worldwide. MTV Networks' NextMovie.com named him one of the 'Breakout Stars to Watch for in 2011'. In May 2011, Chou started filming for a new movie, "The Viral Factor" directed by Dante Lam and starred various well known artistes such as Nicholas Tse, Bai Bing and Lin Peng. The movie is slated to be released in theatres over Asia in spring 2012. With most of the scenes shot in the Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries, earlier filming process has been slightly disrupted due to political conflicts in the Middle East.

Directing

Chou's acquired his first directing experience in 2004 through music videos. He initially experimented with a song by the group Nan Quan Mama titled "Home" () where he was involved throughout the entire process from research to editing. After learning the difficulties of being a director, he refused to direct again even at the request of his record company. However, his interest resurfaced again as he directed music videos for 4 of the 12 songs in own album ''November's Chopin'' in 2005, and later television advertisements. By 2006, he had taken responsibility for the storyboard, directing, and editing of music videos for all his songs. It is unclear how the public appraises his work, since music videos are rarely the subject of critical review; however, director Zhang Yimou said that Chou's directing abilities may surpass his own in the future, after viewing several of Chou's music videos.

In February 2007, Chou finally directed his first movie ''Secret''. The story he wrote is based loosely on his relationship with a high school girlfriend, with a plot focused on music, love, and family. He stars as the lead actor of the film with Kwai Lun-Mei‎ as the female lead, and Hong Kong veteran actor Anthony Wong as Chou’s father. Despite previous experience in filming music videos, Chou admits that movies are more challenging due to storyline and time constraints. This movie was released in July 2007.

In 2005, Jay Chou played the male lead in ''Initial D'', but according to reports, he will be back to direct the sequel, while Andrew Lau, who was a co-director of the first Initial D, will take on the role of the producer.

Book: ''Grandeur de D Major''

Chou published his first book titled ''Grandeur de D Major'' () on November 25, 2004. This 200-page book features a prologue written by his family, friends, and co-workers; the main section is a compilation of his personal attitudes, philosophies, and recollections of childhood experiences along with pictures from his music videos, many of which have never been released; and lastly, a list of the artist's major awards, musical and lyrical compositions, and discography. For the usually low-profile singer, this book revealed his personality and convictions that has served as the basis of his musical and public image. He demonstrated a strong appreciation of family values with an especially deep connection with his mother and maternal grandmother. His confidence and dedication towards music is evident as he dedicated 2 out of 7 chapters to music: the current state of the industry, his composition methodology, and the importance of individualism to his success in music. This pride is contrasted against his modesty and self-assessed naivety about many aspects in life, particularly regarding relationships and marriage.

Endorsements

Chou has been a spokesperson for popular brands such as Pepsi (2002–2007), Panasonic (2001–2005), Motorola (since 2006), M-Zone/China Mobile (since 2003), Levi's (2004–2005), Deerhui (sporting goods, since 2003), and Metersbonwe Group (casual wear, since 2003), Colgate (2004–2005), popular computer game ''Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos'' (2002), science and nature magazine ''National Geographic'' (2005). To maximize the celebrity branding effect, advertisements are nearly always linked to his music and TV commercials are occasionally directed by him. He acted as the tourism ambassador for Malaysia in 2003. In April 2008, Jay signed with Sprite and collaborated with artistes such as Angela Chang and JJ Lin in commercials. He also did a Sprite commercial with Kobe Bryant and specially wrote a song named "天地一斗 (Battle of the Incomparable)" featuring Kobe Bryant for the commercial. In June 2011, Jay expanded his area of endorsement into the field of technology, becoming the designer and spokesperson of the "N43SL Jay Chou Edition" laptop of ASUS Computers. The laptop is most notable for its lid design, sound system, start-up and shut-down tones, and a unique 'J' font for its key. All of which, except for the sound system, are designed and composed by Jay himself.

Accolades

From the launch of his music career in 2000, Jay Chou has won more than 350 singer, singer-songwriter, and producer awards in Asia. The highly coveted Golden Melody Awards in Taiwan awarded "Best Album" for his debut CD ''Jay'' (2000) in 2001, and five awards (including "Best Album", "Best Composer", and "Best Producer") in the following year for the album ''Fantasy'' (2001). However, failure to win "Best Album" for three consecutive years has left him disheartened with award ceremonies. Although he continues to win more than 20 awards per year from various organizations in Asia, Chou has stated he will rely more on album sales as an indicator of his music's quality and popularity. In 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008, he was awarded Best-Selling Artist in China by World Music Awards for the albums ''Common Jasmin Orange'', ''Still Fantasy'' and ''On the Run.

Media and public relations

Public image

Despite living under continual media scrutiny, Chou's public image has changed little over the years as he emphasizes individuality as his "personal philosophy". In his music, this is also evident as he fuses Chinese and Western styles and explores topics unconventional for a pop singer, which have been described as "authentic" and "revolutionary". The media describes a hard-working perfectionist with clear self-direction who is occasionally regarded as competitive and a "control freak". There is a misunderstanding about his nickname "Chairman Chou" (), used by both the press and fans to underscore his domineering personality and impact on Asian music, but also points at his musical talent. Yet the origin of this nickname emerges from his fever of collecting antiques as the word "董" comes from "antique" in Chinese (古董). Outside of music, Chou is reported as shy, quiet, modest, and views filial piety as "''the most important thing''". In-line with his aim to present a positive image, he is a non-smoker, non-drinker, and does not go to nightclubs. Government officials and educators in Asia have awarded him for his exemplary behaviour, designated him a spokesperson in the youth-empowerment project "Young Voice" in 2005 and an anti-depression campaign in 2007, His lyrics for two songs has been incorporated into the school syllabus to inspire motivational and filial attitudes. In November 2007, Chou was criticized for attending the funeral of Taiwanese gang leader Chen Chi-li to console Chen's son Baron Chen, whom Chou met while filming ''Kung Fu Dunk''. In 2011 Chou performed on the New Year's Gala program on China's Central Television.

Response to the news media and paparazzi

As with other stars, Chou has expressed a strong dislike of the paparazzi. In the early years of his career, unwanted attention by the media was usually dealt with by avoidance. In-line with his quiet nature, he frequently wore baseball caps and hoods while lowering his head and evading eye contact during interviews. In recent years however, he has been less passive about the invasion of his privacy. To discourage the paparazzi from taking unsolicited pictures, Chou is known to photograph the paparazzi that follow him. He openly calls the paparazzi "dogs" and tabloids "dog magazines", as shown in his lyrics for "Besieged From All Sides" (). The media have also accused Chou of evading compulsory military service by feigning to suffer from ankylosing spondylitis. Later that year he was acquitted after providing the relevant medical records and letters from the army confirming a lawful exemption from draft dated before the start of his music career.

Despite constant harassment and stalking by the media, he does acknowledge that not all media attention is unwelcome. Coverage by international journals and news agencies such as ''Time'', ''The Guardian'', and Reuters help ascertain his influence on mainstream culture. An editorial written by Kerry Brown of Chatham House named Chou as one of the 50 most influential figures in China, one of only three singers on a list dominated by politicians and corporate owners. At the end of 2009, he was included on JWT's annual list of 100 Things to Watch in 2010.

Fanbase

It is difficult to estimate the size and global spread of Chou's fanbase. Jay's fanbase originated and grew extensively in China. The Chinese-speaking populations of Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Mainland China make up a significant percentage of Chou's fans. Despite rampant piracy issues in this region of Asia, particularly in China, every album Chou has released so far has surpassed 2 million sales. According to Baidu, the most popular internet search engine in China, Chou is the number one searched male artist in 2002, 05, 06 and 07.

In Hong Kong, he has been the best-selling Mandarin artist for the past 4 years. According to a 2004 survey in five Chinese urban centers for children ages 9 to 14, 1 in 6 named Chou as their favorite idol; he was also reported as the favorite singer of youths aged 8 to 25 in a study conducted in seven Asian countries (2006). He has a solid fanbase throughout Southeast Asia, including Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. In Singapore, Chou was the second most searched celebrity behind Britney Spears in the music category.

Currently, Chou remains largely unknown outside of Asia, except in cities with large Chinese immigrant populations such as Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Vancouver, Toronto, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Brisbane. He has held concerts in major venues such as the Acer Arena (Sydney – 3 July 2009), HP Pavilion at San Jose (San Jose – 31 December 2010), Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena (Los Angeles – 8 January 2011), MGM Grand (Las Vegas—25 December 2002), Rogers Arena (Vancouver – 23 December 2010), Shrine Auditorium (Los Angeles—18 December 2004), Galen Center (Los Angeles—24 December 2007) and the Air Canada Centre (Toronto – 18 December 2008). His intention to increase his prominence in the Western world beyond Chinese audiences is clear. In 2006, Chou composed and sang the theme song for ''Fearless'', a movie released in major theatres in most English-speaking countries, though the impact to his fame has been minimal. His role in ''Curse of the Golden Flower'' (limited release) marks his acting debut in North America. Despite having a supporting but important role in the story's plot, the North American version of the official posters only featured a view of his back, greatly contrasting the Asian versions where his face and name were clear and placed between the leading actor and actress. Although Chou is still far from being well-known to English audiences, this movie has brought him international exposure. Chou gained further exposure to western audiences in his starring role as crimefighter Kato in January 2011's ''The Green Hornet''.

Chou has won the Favorite Male Artist of the 20th Golden Melody Awards in Taiwan. He did not attend the event to collect the award because he was on tour in China at the time.

Filmography

Films

''Initial D (film) ''Curse of the Golden Flower'' ''Secret (2007 film) ''Kung Fu Dunk'' ''The Treasure Hunter'' ''True Legend'' ''The Green Hornet (2011 film) ''Initial D 2''

style="width:5%;"	Year	Title	Chinese Title	Role
2003 in film	2003	Hidden Track (film)>Hidden Track''	尋找周杰倫
2005 in film	2005	Initial D'' ||	頭文字D	"Takumi Fujiwara"
2006 in film	2006	|	滿城盡帶黃金甲	"Prince Jai – Yuan Jie"
2007 in film	2007	Secret'' ||	不能說的秘密	"Jay – Ye Xiang Lun – 葉湘倫"DirectorProducerOriginal story author
2008 in film	2008	|	功夫灌籃	"Fang Shi Jie – Fong Sai Kit – 方世杰"
2009 in film	2009	|	刺陵	"Lead actor – Qiao Fei"
2010 in film	2010	|	蘇乞兒	"God of Wushu" / "Drunken God"
rowspan="3"	2011	The Green Hornet'' ||	青蜂俠	Kato (The Green Hornet)>Kato" (First Hollywood Film)
''Secret 2 (2011 film)	Secret 2''	不能說的秘密2
''The Viral Factor''	逆戰
2012 in film	2012	|	頭文字D2	"Takumi Fujiwara"Director

Television series

style="width:5%;"	Year	Title	Chinese Title	Role
rowspan="2"	2010	''Pandamen''	熊貓人
''Mr.J Channel''	MR.J頻道

Notes

a. Examples of Chou's Chinese style R&B;: "East Wind Breaks" (東風破), "Hair Like Snow" (髮如雪), "Faraway" (千里之外). Examples of Chinese style rock: "Nunchucks" (雙截棍), "Dragon Fist" (龍拳), "Golden Armor" (黃金甲). b. Examples of sound effects used in Chou's music: ping pong balls in "Class2 Grade3" (三年二班), touch-tone phone dialing in "Blue Storm" (藍色風暴), helicopter blades in "My Territory" (我的地盤), dripping rain in "You Can Hear" (妳聽得到), and radio static noise in "Nocturne" (夜曲). c. Examples of Oriental-style lyrics by Vincent Fang: "Shanghai 1943" (上海一九四三), "Wife" (娘子), and "Chrysanthemum Flower Platform" (菊花台). d. Examples of romantic lyrics by Vincent Fang: "Love Before ''Anno Domini''" (愛在西元前), "Nocturne" (夜曲), "Common Jasmin Orange" (七里香), and "Perfectionist" (完美主義) . e. Vincent Fang's lyrics discuss war in "The Last Campaign" (最後的戰役) and "Wounds That End War" (止戰之殤), the Bible in "Blue Storm" (藍色風暴), sports in "Bullfight" (鬥牛) and "Class2 Grade3" (三年二班), and martial arts in "Nunchucks" (雙截棍) and "Ninja" (忍者). f. Examples of Vivian Hsu's work: "Adorable Woman" (可愛女人), "Tornado" (龍捲風), and "Simple Love" (簡單愛). g. Unusual themes of Huan Jun Lang's lyrics: detective story in "Twilight's Chapter Seven" (夜的第七章), a chess game in "Checkmate" (將軍). h. Examples of romantic lyrics by Jay Chou: "Black Humor" (黑色幽默), "Silence" (安靜), "Iron Box Of An Island" (半島鐵盒), "Fine Day" (晴天), "Excuse" (藉口), "Black Sweater" (黑色毛衣), and "White Windmills" (白色風車). i. "Snail" (蝸牛) and "Listen To Mother's Words" (聽媽媽的話) j. Golden Melody Awards: "…the Chinese pop music industry's equivalent of the Grammy Awards in the US are held annually to award professionals making music in Mandarin, Taiwanese, Hakka and any of Taiwan's Aboriginal languages." k. A similar book was published in Japanese, titled ''Grandeur de D major—Jay Chou Photo Essay'' (ISBN 4-901873-50-4).

References

External links

Jay Chou@JVR Music Jay Chou International Fan Club

Category:1979 births Category:Best New Performer HKFA Category:Living people Category:People from New Taipei Category:Taiwanese film actors Category:Taiwanese film directors Category:Taiwanese male singers Category:Taiwanese Mandopop singer-songwriters Category:World Music Awards winners

zh-min-nan:Chiu Kia̍t-lûn ca:Jay Chou de:Jay Chou es:Jay Chou eo:Jay Chou fr:Jay Chou ko:저우제룬 id:Jay Chou it:Jay Chou jv:Jay Chou lv:Džejs Čou hu:Jay Chou ms:Jay Chou my:ဂျေးကျိုး nl:Jay Chou ja:周杰倫 pl:Jay Chou pt:Jay Chou ro:Jay Chou ru:Чоу, Джей sv:Jay Chou th:โจว เจี๋ยหลุน tr:Jay Chou vi:Châu Kiệt Luân zh-yue:周杰倫 zh:周杰倫

name	Super Junior-Mandarin
origin	Seoul, South Korea
othername	SJM
occupation	Singers, dancers, actors
genre	Pop, R&B;, dance, electropop, heavy beat
label	SM, Avex
yearsactive	2008-present
currentmembers	Han GengSungminEunhyukZhou MiDonghaeSiwonRyeowookKyuhyunHenry
associatedact	SM TownSuper JuniorSuper Junior-K.R.YSuper Junior-TSuper Junior-HappyS.M. The Ballad
website	superjunior-m.smtown.com
awards	See Awards }}

Super Junior-M, often referred to as SJ-M, is the third official sub-unit of Korean boy band Super Junior. They are the first international music group in the Chinese music industry to have members of both Chinese and Korean descent, and are also the first group produced by Korea's CT (Culture Technology) organization, created through a comprehensive localization strategy. Super Junior-M made their debut in 2008, with five Super Junior members: Han Geng, Siwon, Donghae, Ryeowook and Kyuhyun as well as two new ethnic Chinese members, Henry and Zhou Mi.

In December 2009, Han Geng returned to China to pursue a solo career and the group's activities were halted. In December 21, 2010 the Seoul Central District Court ruled in favor of Han Geng. A representative of SM Entertainment said that they will file an immediate appeal to reverse the decision SM Entertainment have yet to release statements regarding his official status with the group.

In February 2011, Super Junior members Sungmin and Eunhyuk were announced as new additions to the SJ-M subgroup, coinciding with the release of their 2nd Mini Album, 太完美 (Perfection). Currently, the eight active members are: Siwon, Ryeowook, Donghae, Eunhyuk, Kyuhyun, Sungmin, Zhou Mi and Henry.

Biography

Name Origin

Before the official name of the subgroup was released, they were often referred to as Super Junior China. On April 3, 2008, SM Entertainment released the official name of the subgroup, Super Junior-M, with "M" representing the word "Mandarin," expressing the subgroup's ambition to become successful in the Chinese music market not limited to only China. The "M" can also represent a list of other aspects, such as the first letter of their debut album, ''Me'', and also "''mi''" (), which denotes to "charismatic" as well as "fan" in Mandarin, the latter meaning referring to their desire to connect closer with fans.

Career

Pre-debut

Responding to Super Junior's rising popularity in Mainland China, Super Junior's management, SM Entertainment, decided to compose a new Super Junior sub-unit which focuses on the Chinese market. On October 2, 2007, an official announcement was released to the media, stating the birth of a third Super Junior subgroup that would debut in China in 2008. Super Junior's original member Han Geng, and an SM Taiwanese trainee, Henry, were stated to be the first two of the seven members representing the subgroup. Five months later, a second Super Junior member, Siwon, was mentioned in news articles to be the third member. However, the confirmed list of members were not released to the public until April.

Starting from April 4 to April 7, 2008, the seven members were individually released to the media in a chain of short trailer clips. Han Geng was the first member to be announced on April 4. On April 5, Siwon and Donghae were announced to be the second and third members. On April 6, Kyuhyun was announced to be the fourth Super Junior-M member, following a new member Henry as the fifth. Ryeowook was announced to be the sixth member on April 7 followed by Zhou Mi as the final member. A trailer of all seven members was released on the group's debut day, April 8. Super Junior-M's trailer clips exceeded 1.4 million views in less than four days, garnering interest in both the Chinese and Korean audiences.

Music

Super Junior-M debuted in China on April 8, 2008 at the 8th Annual Music Chart Awards and with the release of their first music video, "U" online. Their debut album was released in various provinces in China starting April 23, 2008 and the Korean version with three bonus Korean tracks was released in South Korea on April 30, 2008. The album was also distributed in several other Chinese communities on May 2, 2008 such as Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. Reviews for the album were generally positive and it also gained praise from Hong Kong singer, Hins Cheung, who said the album contains "international-level music" and that the group is "vocally-talented". A month after their debut, Super Junior-M won their first award, Asia's Most Popular New Group Award, at the 5th annual Music King Awards in Macau on May 25.

After their debut performance in early April 2008, the group made guest appearances in many chains of entertainment variety shows. They appeared in an episode of the second season of TVB and HunanTV's collaboration show, ''Strictly Come Dancing'' (舞动奇迹), which made the show's ratings increase to 5.01%, ranking it the third most watched show ever in all of China. Super Junior-M's appearance in the talk show, ''Behind Story'' (背后的故事) two months later also increased ratings. The show had the highest ratings during that time slot, with a strong 4.05%. Separated into several weekly episodes, the group's appearance in their first episode on the challenging game show, ''Bravely Going Forward'' (勇往直前) in early August gave the show the highest ratings during that time slot as well.

Super Junior-M and Show Luo of Taiwan replaced Hong Kong entertainers, Nicholas Tse and Twins, for the 2008 summer season endorsement spots of Semir, a Chinese clothing brand. They were acclaimed to be sunny, young, and passionate; thus their image was suitable to endorse the brand.

The last performance of "U" was on August 29, 2008 at the 7th Golden Eagle Opening Ceremony Concert. The group gave their first performance of their second single, "Me," on September 13, 2008 at the SMTOWN LIVE '08 in Shanghai concert. The music video was then released a day later through Sohu. Super Junior-M held their first concert in Hong Kong on December 27 and 28.

On September 14, 2009, Super Junior-M released the music video for their upcoming comeback single Super Girl which features Girls' Generation's Jessica Jung. They are currently nominated for Best Singing Group at the 21st Golden Melody Awards.

Super Junior-M's goal is to bring the Korean pop influence over to the Chinese market, re-representing the hits in Mandarin. Similar to the style of their main group Super Junior, Super Junior-M's music style falls into the category of mainstream pop, dance, and R&B;. Dance pop songs with rock and hip hop influences are easily heard in their music, such as in "Me" and "The Moment", which contains guitar riffs and heavy bass sounds. Rap is not performed as often like the main group, but these influences can be heard in "The Moment" and also the rap remakes in "Don't Don" and "A Man In Love".

The group halted their activities in December 2009 after Han Geng filed a lawsuit against SM Entertainment and returned to China to pursue a solo career. In December 21, 2010 the Seoul Central District Court ruled in favor of Han Geng. A representative of SM Entertainment said that they will file an immediate appeal to reverse the decision and have yet to release official statements regarding his status with them. In February 2011, the group resumed their activities with two new members from the main group, Sungmin and Eunhyuk, with the release of EP ''Perfection''.

Television

In late 2008, Han Geng acted in the drama ''Stage of Youth'' (青春舞台) alongside other prominent Hong Kong EEG stars Joey Yung, Kenny Kwan, and Yumiko Cheng. He starred as Xia Lei (夏磊), a youth who dreamed to be a dancer. ''Stage of Youth'' was an idol drama that was dedicated to the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Other members of Super Junior-M gave cameo appearances in the final episode of the drama.

Controversy

After the first announcement of Super Junior-M on October 2, 2007, and the possibility of adding a non-Super Junior member, Henry, to this unit, Super Junior fans immediately voiced out their dissatisfaction and opposition. Immediately, a website was built, called "Only 13", to oppose against SM Entertainment's actions. Through the website, fans of Super Junior communicate and plan out protesting actions against the company. Before legal protests began, many online petitions were made by both Korean and Chinese fans to prevent and convince the label to not add a fourteenth member. Initially fans were planning to boycott the company's products, similar to the actions taken by fans of TVXQ in the past. However, most fans agreed on a silent protest instead. On October 21, 2007 and throughout the week, over 400 fans from Super Junior's official fanclub, E.L.F, silently sat in front of the SM building and held signs that supported the group to have only thirteen members. Situations became worse when SM Entertainment announced through the media that they never stated that Super Junior was a fixed group, although the label announced that Super Junior was a permanent group when Kyuhyun was added to the group in mid-2006. Thousands of fans wrote letters to the company and pleaded them to keep the group permanent, but no answer was returned.

Over one thousand more fans appeared in front of the SM building on E.L.F's third protest on November 3, 2007. Instead of a silent protest, the fans sang various Super Junior songs and shouted "thirteen." Although SM Entertainment's answer to the fans' protest stated that new members in Super Junior-M will not be added to the official group and thus will not affect Super Junior's main career, many fans still held the belief that there will be this possibility of seeing new official Super Junior members in the future.

After more rumors leaked of SM Entertainment sneaking in an extra non-Super Junior member, Zhou Mi, to the subgroup, the fans decided to gain this chance to have a legal representation as part of SM Entertainment's stockholders. As of March 20, 2008, Super Junior fans from all over the world purchased 58,206 stocks of SM Entertainment, holding 0.3% of the company's entire stock. They released a statement through the media, stating that they will obtain all chances to prevent SM Entertainment from adding new members and to keep Super Junior as only thirteen.

After the release of Super Junior-M's official blog on April 3, 2008, over 5,000 comments were posted by Chinese fans in an hour, voicing out their support to keep Super Junior as thirteen members. The administrator resulted in locking the comment box where only those with sohu blog accounts could comment.

Discography

Studio albums

2008: ''Me''

EPs

2009: ''Super Girl''

2011: ''Perfection''

Awards

Year	Award	Category
Music King Awards	Most Popular New Group
Southeast Music Awards	Mainland's Most Popular Group
CCTV-MTV Music Awards	Best Singing Group of the Year
Starlight Grand Ceremony	Best New Music Group
	2009 China Digital Music Awards	Most Downloaded Overseas Singer
	2010 MusicRadio TOP Awards	Mainland's Most Popular Group
2010 China's Music Festival	Most Popular Award
2010 China's Music Festival	Golden Melody Award (Album Award)
2010 China's Music Festival	Composer Award
	1st Global Chinese Golden Chart	Most Popular Group

References

External links

Super Junior-M Official Korean website

Super Junior-M Official Taiwanese website

Super Junior-M Official Japanese website

Category:Super Junior Category:Mandopop musical groups Category:Chinese musical groups Category:Musical groups established in 2008 Category:South Korean boy bands

it:Super Junior-M th:ซูเปอร์จูเนียร์ เอ็ม zh:Super Junior-M

Otto Braun (28 September 1900, Ismaning, Upper Bavaria – 15 August 1974, Varna) was a German Communist with a long and varied career.

His most significant role was as a Comintern agent sent to China in 1934, to advise the Communist Party of China (CPC) on military strategy during the Chinese Civil War. At the time Braun adopted a Chinese name, Li De (|p=}}, ''Li the German''); it was only many years later that Otto Braun and "Li De" came to be known as the one and the same person.

Early life

Otto Braun was born in Ismaning (near to Munich). Even though his mother was not dead, he grew up in an orphanage.

He enrolled at a teachers' training college in Pasing in the Munich area. At June 1918 Braun was drafted into the ranks of the Bavarian army, part of the Imperial German Army - but the First World War ended before he could face combat duty.

After the armistice he went back to complete his studies at the teachers' training college. However, he did not take a job as a primary school teacher. Rather, he joined the newly-founded Communist Party of Germany (KPD), embarking on what would be a lifelong vocation and career, and traveled widely, mainly in North Germany.

Communist activity in the 1920s and early 1930s

It seems that it was in 1921 that Braun became a full-time paid KPD party worker.

He was involved in an affair concerning the stealing of some sensitive documents from Colonel Freyberg, a White Russian emigre based in Berlin. For his part in this he was detained by the police in July 1921. He was put on trial but managed to hide his Communist antecedents and convince the court that he was a "right-winger" - which, due to the bias often exhibited by the judicial system of the Weimar Republic, helped him get off with a light sentence. In fact, he did not go to jail, but went into hiding.

By that time, he was already a central member of the KPD apparatus, not only regularly writing articles for the party papers but also heading after 1924 the party's "counter-espionage" and deeply involved in its militia and semi-military activities.

The police caught up with him again at September 1926, when he had to first serve his "Freyberg sentence" of 1922 and was then kept on in detention at the Moabit Prison. However, on April 11, 1928, a band of Communists including his then lover Olga Benario succeeded in staging his jail break.

Though the daring escape got worldwide publicity, the hunted Braun and Benario were able to make their way to Moscow, where they became involved in the International Communist movement. Both of them were at Lenin School operated by the Comintern. Braun went to the Frunze Military Academy while Benário worked as an instructor of the Communist Youth International, in the Soviet Union and then in France and Great Britain, where she participated in coordinating anti-fascist activities.

Braun and Benário parted ways in 1931. She went on to marry the famous Brazilian revolutionary leader Luís Carlos Prestes and go to live in his country - finally to be arrested by the Getúlio Vargas dictatorship, be extradited to Germany and suffer death at the hands of the Gestapo. She is remembered as a martyr by the Brazilian and German Left. For his part, Otto Braun embarked on the most significant - and in some ways, the most controversial - part of his revolutionary career, as the Comintern representative in China.

In China

In 1932, following his graduation at the Frunze Academy, Soviet Military Intelligence's Fourth Directorate dispatched Braun to Harbin in Manchuria, China. From there he traveled to Shanghai.

In that city, Otto Braun joined the local Comintern bureau. There he was in military affairs under the orders of "General Kleber" (nom de guerre of Manfred Stern), who maintained a "military section" in the city, and in political issues under Arthur Ewert, a fellow German Communist.

However, Shanghai was at that time a backwater in Chinese revolutionary affairs - the local Communist movement having been effectively crushed by the Kuomintang (KMT) in a terrible bloodbath a few years earlier. In the later part of 1933 Braun managed to arrive in Ruijin, at that time capital of the "Chinese Soviet Republic" set up by the surviving Chinese Communists, where he became a military adviser.

The precise circumstances of his getting this appointment and his activities in the following years are still debated with some aspects remaining unclear. As noted by Freddy Litten, who thoroughly researched this part of Otto Braun's career, "[Braun]'s memoirs are an important, though dubious, source for the events of these years".

At that time the Kuomintang - perceiving the Communists as a dangerous threat to its rule - launched a series of vigorous attacks on the CPC in urban areas. Its forces came near to Ruijin, which was in danger of being surrounded and became untenable. The CPC initiated the Long March to escape this danger. Braun, under his assumed Chinese name "Li De" was nearly the only foreigner to participate in the Long March, and might have even been the original proposer of the idea of embarking on such a march in an effort to reach the safer interior of China.

In the later part of 1934 Braun/Li De assumed a position of command in the early First Front Army, together with Zhou Enlai and Bo Gu - with authority to make all military decisions. Braun advocated that the First Front Army directly attack the far larger and better equipped KMT Army. The First Front Army's suffered great casualties, so that CPC forces fell drastically, from 86,000 to about 25,000, within a year.

In 1935, the CPC met at the Zunyi Conference where Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai expressed their opposition to Braun, Bo Gu, and their tactics. Mao argued that the direct attacks were costing lives, and suggested that their smaller, poorer equipped forces should run and surround the KMT, using the guerrilla tactics for which Mao was to become famed. (Mao was already distrusting towards European advisors from the Comintern, especially considering that in the 1920s earlier such advisers like the Dutch Henk Sneevliet had given Chinese Communists disastrous advice.)

Other military wing leaders agreed with Mao, so Braun and Bo Gu were removed as the military commanders, with Mao taking Braun's position. After this conference, the Comintern was pushed aside, and "Native Communists" took control of the CPC.

Still, Braun stayed in China until 1939 and participated in the Long March along with the CPC. No longer holding a military command, he was mainly involved in advisory work and some teaching of tactics.

Though never returning to China after leaving in 1939, for the rest of his life he continued to show interest in Chinese affairs.

Soviet period in the 1940s

In 1939 Braun arrived in the Soviet Union. At the time, that was a very dangerous place for foreign Communists, many of whom - including German Communists - were imprisoned, tortured or killed by Joseph Stalin's secret police (NKVD), despite being completely loyal to the revolutionary cause and having often undergone persecution for its sake in their own countries. Braun managed to avoid such a fate, though he did face some political difficulties immediately upon his arrival.

The Moscow Foreign Languages Press gave him employment as an editor and translator. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, use was made of his German antecedents by making him a "polit-instrukteur" striving to turn the loyalty of German officer captured by the Soviets. In that role he used an old alias from the 1920s, "Kommissar Wagner". He later performed a similar tactic towards captive Japanese officers as well.

Between 1946 and 1948 he was based at Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast where he lectured in the Antifascist Central School. Afterwards he had another period of working in the Moscow Foreign Languages Press.

Return to Germany and later years

Only after the death of Stalin was Otto Braun allowed to return to his homeland after nearly three decades of exile.

Following his arrival at the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) Braun became a fellow at the Institute for Marxism-Leninism maintained by the Central Committee of ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED), as the Communist Party was officially called. His main responsibility was the publication in German of the writings of Vladimir Lenin.

He was First Secretary German Writers' Association between 1961 and 1963, when he fell from grace. Already in his middle sixties, he was for some time a pensioner doing some freelance translation from Russian.

His return to the authorities' good books was evident when in 1964 the ruling party's organ ''Neues Deutschland'' carried the revelation that the otherwise unknown Li De, involved in the Chinese Long March of the 1930s, had been in fact none other than the German Otto Braun.

This gave Braun the possibility and the impetus to write his "Chinese Notes". As mentioned, researchers consider these as full of interesting and useful information, and useful as offering a different angle to that of official Chinese Communist historiography - but far from objective or impartial. They were written in the late 1960s, when Braun was also a fellow of Institute for Social Sciences. The memoirs were published in book form at 1973 and translated to Chinese, English and other tongues.

Braun died at age 74, while on vacation in Varna, Bulgaria. He was buried in East Berlin, and his obituaries appeared in ''Pravda'' and in ''The New York Times''.

References

"Li De yu Zhongguo geming (youguan ziliao)" ("Li De and the Chinese Revolution [Relevant Materials]") by Shi Zhifu; Zhou Wenqi; review in The China Quarterly, No. 118 (Jun., 1989), pp. 373–374, Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the School of Oriental and African Studies .

"Otto Brauns frühes Wirken in China (1932-1935)" ("Otto Braun's Early Activity in China (1932-1935") by Freddy Litten .

Freddy Litten (Frederick S. Litten), abstracts from "China and intelligence history" (on the Long March)

Litten, who made a through research on Braun, gave the following note on his sources:

* The article on "Braun in Germany" is based on documents in archives in Berlin, Potsdam and Munich, contemporary newspaper reports and publications.

* "Braun in China" is based on Litten's own paper "Otto Brauns frühes Wirken in China (1932-1935)" .

* "Braun's Curriculum Vitae" is based on some further unpublished documents (especially his privately-held cv), but mostly on a wide array of publications in German, English, Russian and Chinese.

Category:1900 births Category:1974 deaths Category:People from the District of Munich Category:People from the Kingdom of Bavaria Category:Communist Party of Germany politicians Category:Socialist Unity Party of Germany politicians category:National Committee for a Free Germany members Category:German Comintern people Category:East German writers Category:Escapees from German detention Category:German escapees

ar:أوتو براون (كاتب) de:Otto Braun (Schriftsteller) es:Otto Braun (escritor) fr:Otto Braun (écrivain) ko:오토 브라운 (1900년) it:Otto Braun (scrittore) hu:Otto Braun (író) ja:オットー・ブラウン (共産主義者) no:Otto Braun (forfatter) pl:Otto Braun (komunista) pt:Otto Braun ru:Браун, Отто (революционер) vi:Otto Braun zh:李德

name	JJ Lin
tradchinesename	林俊傑
simpchinesename	林俊杰
pinyinchinesename	Lín Jùnjié
origin	Singapore
birth date	March 27, 1981
birth place	Singapore
othername	Wayne Lin
occupation	Singer-songwriter, composer, and actor
genre	Mandopop, R&B;
instrument	Piano, drums, guitar
label	Ocean Butterflies (2003–present)
yearsactive	2003–present
associatedact	he went to Bengkalis, Indonesia for a charity concert in 2007 at Cik Puan Building.
website	JJ Lin official homepage
goldenmelodyawards	Best New Artist2004 ''Music Voyager''
awards	}}

JJ Lin () is a Singaporean Mandopop Singer-songwriter, Composer and Actor based in Taiwan. JJ Lin is managed by Ocean Butterflies. Lin won ''Best New Artist'' for his work on his debut album ''Music Voyager'' at the 15th Golden Melody Awards in 2004.

Biography

Lin was born in Singapore and graduated from Anglo-Chinese School and Saint Andrew's Junior College before joining the Singapore Armed Forces.

He is of overseas Chinese descent. In addition to English, Mandarin and Hokkien, he is also able to speak Cantonese and has released several cover versions of his songs in Cantonese. He came to musical prominence and success in the Greater China region. In Taiwan, he was awarded the "Best New Artist" award in the Taiwan Golden Melody Awards.

Signed to Ocean Butterflies, he has written songs for various artists, notably "Remember" (記得 Jì Dé) for Taiwanese singer A-Mei, fellow label mate A-Do's "Let Go" (放手 Fàng Shǒu), Harlem Yu's "What's Wrong With You?" (幹嘛你看不爽我 Gàn Má Nǐ Kàn Bù Shuǎng Wǒ), Comic Boyz's "Heart of Superman" (超人心 Chāo Rén Xīn) and other songs. He writes all the melodies for all of his albums.

Back in Singapore, he was selected to perform the remixed version of "Home", the theme song of the National Day Parade in 2004. Lin's songs, "The Mummy" (木乃伊 Mù Nǎi Yī) was used in the MediaCorp TV Channel 8 drama, ''Zero To Hero'' 阴差阳错. Lin appeared as a guest star in the final showdown for Channel U's Project SuperStar and as a guest star in S-POP Hurray!.

After winning the Gold award in the Best New Act category in the 2004 Singapore Hit Awards, he went on to sweep the 2005 edition with four awards to his name, including the Best Local Male Artiste, Best Composing Artiste, Best Male Vocalist and Best Local Music Composition awards, recognizing his talents both in the composition and performance aspects of his music. His fourth album, ''Cao Cao'' (曹操 Cáo Cāo) has sold 1 million copies in less than a week and is extremely successful throughout Asia.

Lin has appeared in various different advertisements for companies such as Sprite, Lays and Cornetto Royale.

He is also the tourist ambassador for Singapore. Part of his work schedule involves him traveling around Asia making Singapore known as well as promoting his own works.

He was also involved in an anti-drugs events as an ambassador, in Taiwan 反毒大使 ''(The Anti-drug Ambassador)''. The theme song for this event is "Baby Baby", which is from his album, ''West Side'' (西界 Xī Jiè).

In July 2007, he broke a Guinness record by signing 3,052 CDs in 2 hours and 30 minutes. During the signing, he was not allowed to drink or eat. The average time for him to sign a CD was 2.7 seconds.

In May 2008, he performed at the CCTV charity event ''The Giving of Love'', dedicated to helping victims of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Lin also donated a large sum of money to the rescue efforts and composed a song "Love and Hope" (愛與希望 Aì Yǚ Xī Wàng) commemorating the tragedy.

In Oct 2008, his sixth album, ''Sixology'' (陸 Liù) was released. 280,000 copies of the album were sold in seven days.

His own fashion line, SMUDGE , was opened in Singapore during 2008 Christmas with an unofficial launch. The store's official launch was on 13 March 2009.

In May 2009, Lin won three awards at the 14th annual Composers and Authors Society of Singapore (Compass) Awards Presentations, a ceremony that honors performers in the music scene. It was held at the Raffles City Convention Centre, Singapore. He was honored with the Top Local Artiste of the Year award, which is given out to Singaporean artistes who generated the highest royalty earnings for the year. In that same year, Lin won the Singapore Youth Award .

In May 2010, Lin performed in America for the first time at the Asian Pacific American Heritage Month Concert Tour (APAHM).

In June 2010, Lin performed together with the American singer, Sean Kingston at the opening concert of the Marina Bay Sands to thousands of invited VIPs guests. But both were absent at the inaugural YOG Opening Ceremony.

Filmography

''Hanazakarino Kimitachihe'' (GTV, 2006) Lin acts as Ella's brother, an intelligent young man majoring in cardiology at Harvard University.

Lin does the voice-over for the dragon prince, Draco, in Singaporean animation ''Legend of the Sea''.

Lin stars in the 13-episode drama ''"So I'm Not Handsome"'' 原來我不帥. The plot is actually derived from a novel. Lin plays the role of a vain young man who is constantly praised for his looks by his parents, classmates, and pretty much everybody in his village. However, the truth about his looks is soon revealed to him when his good friends in college tell him that he is not good-looking at all. His friends featuring Fang Wei Kang (Michael Zhang) and Si Si (Nicky Lee). The ending song to each of the episodes was also Lin's well known ''Anticipating Your Love'' (期待你的愛 Qí Dài Nǐ De Ài). Lin admitted to feeling self-conscious during filming, having constantly looked in the mirror to tidy himself up only to be stopped by the director, who wanted Lin to be messy and in character.

Discography

Lin Jun Jie has released 8 studio albums, 1 compilation album and 1 World Tour DVD since his debut in 2003. He has released one album per year since his debut.

Studio album

''Second Heaven (album) ''No. 89757'' (編號89757) ''Cao Cao (JJ Lin album) ''West Side (JJ Lin album) ''Land (JJ Lin album) ''100 Days (JJ Lin album) ''She Says (JJ Lin album)

# !! width="250px"	Name !! width="150px"|Released !! width="150px"|Label
1st	''Music Voyager'' (樂行者)
2nd	Second Heaven'' (第二天堂) ||	8 June 2004	Ocean Butterflies International Pte Ltd>Ocean Butterflies Music
3rd	|	1 April 2005	Ocean Butterflies International Pte Ltd>Ocean Butterflies Music
4th	Cao Cao'' (曹操) ||	17 February 2006	Ocean Butterflies International Pte Ltd>Ocean Butterflies Music
5th	West Side'' (西界) ||	29 June 2007	Ocean Butterflies International Pte Ltd>Ocean Butterflies Music
6th	Sixology'' (JJ陸) ||	18 October 2008	Ocean Butterflies International Pte Ltd>Ocean Butterflies Music
7th	100 Days'' (100 天) ||	18 December 2009	Ocean Butterflies International Pte Ltd>Ocean Butterflies Music
8th	She Says'' (她說) ||	8 December 2010	Ocean Butterflies International Pte Ltd>Ocean Butterflies Music

Compilation album

# !! width="250px"	Name !! width="150px"|Released !! width="150px"|Label
1st	''Waiting for Love'' (期待愛)

DVD

width="300px"	Name !! width="150px"|Released !! width="150px"|Label
''Haven Karaoke'' (第二天堂 Karaoke)	13 September 2004	Ocean Butterflies International Pte Ltd>Ocean Butterflies Music
''Just JJ World Tour DVD''(就是俊傑 世界巡迥演唱會)
''JJ Lin 2006-2007 MV Collection''(林俊傑 06-07 [雙霸] 合輯影音)
''Hundred Days Live'' (100天Love音樂實錄)	9 July 2010
''She says''	21 January 2011

Awards and nominations

{|class="wikitable" ! Years !! Awards !! Category !! Nomination !! Result !! Ref |- | rowspan=2|2004 || 15th Golden Melody Awards || Best New Artist || JJ Lin for ''Music Voyager'' || || align="center"| |- | Singapore Hit Awards || Best New Act (Gold) || || || align="center"| |- | rowspan="14"|2005 || rowspan=3|2nd Hits Song Awards第二屆勁歌王總選頒獎 || Top 10 Mandarin Song || "江南" (River South) from ''Second Heaven'' || || rowspan=3 align=center| |- | Best Singer-songwriter || JJ Lin || |- | Internet Popularity Male Artist || JJ Lin || |- | rowspan="4"|Singapore Hit Awards 2005 || Best Local Male Artiste || || || align="center"| |- | Best Composing Artiste || || || align="center"| |- | Best Male Vocalist || || || align="center"| |- | Best Local Music Composition || "一千年以後" from ''No. 89757'' || || align="center"| |- | Hito Music Awards || Top Ten Golden Songs || "江南" (River South) from ''Second Heaven'' || || align="center"| |- | rowspan="2"|12th China Music Awards (第12届中国歌曲排行榜) || Best Composing Artiste (Taiwan and Hong Kong) 港台地区最佳创作歌手 || || || align="center"| |- | Best Hit (Taiwan and Hong Kong) 港台最受欢迎歌曲 || "江南" (River South) from ''Second Heaven'' || || align="center"| |- | rowspan="4"|5th Global Chinese Music Awards || Best Album || ''No. 89757'' || || align="center"| |- | Top 25 Golden Hits of the Year || "一千年以後" from ''No. 89757'' || || align="center"| |- | Most Popular Composing Artiste || || || align="center"| |- | Regional Best Performer || || || align="center"| |- | rowspan="5"|2006 || rowspan="5"|Beijing Music Awards || Most Popular Male Artist || || || align="center"| |- | Top Twenty Golden Melody || "曹操" (Cao Cao) from ''Cao Cao'' || || align="center"| |- |Best Album || ''Cao Cao'' || || align="center"| |- |Best Producer || ''Cao Cao'' || || align="center"| |- |"True Hero" Award || || || align="center"| |- | rowspan="4"|2007 || World Music Awards || Best Male Artist || || || align="center"| |- | rowspan="2"|HITO Radio Music Awards || Top 10 Songs of the Year || "原來" (Originally) from ''Cao Cao'' || || rowspan="2" align="center"| |- | Best Overseas Artist (Singapore) || JJ Lin || |- | Hong Kong TVB8 Awards || Top 10 Gold Songs || "殺手" (The Killer) || || align="center"| |- | rowspan="3"|2009 || rowspan="3"|Compass Awards || Top Local Artiste of The Year || || || align="center"| |- | Top Local Composer || || || align="center"| |- | Top Local Soundtrack || || || align="center"| |- | 2010 || Singapore Hit Awards 2010 || Best Male Vocalist || ''100 Days'' || || align="center"| |- | 2011 || 22nd Golden Melody Awards || Best Mandarin Male Singer || JJ Lin for ''She Says'' || || align="center"| |}

World Tour

;''Just JJ World Tour'' - 2006

10 June 2006 - Shanghai, People's Republic of China

24 June 2006 - Singapore

1 July 2006 - Genting Highlands, Malaysia

16 September 2006 - Wuhan, People's Republic of China

30 September 2006 - Tianjin, People's Republic of China

29 December 2006 - Taipei, Taiwan

;''Just JJ World Tour'' - 2007/8

14 October 2007 - Shanghai, People's Republic of China

28 March 2009- Singapore

20 June 2009 - Beijing, People's Republic of China

On 24 April 2010, he held his first concert in Australia in Melbourne, Victoria at the Melbourne Convention Centre.

;'''"I AM" JJ Lin World Tour - 2010/11 # 21 August - Beijing, China # 28 August - Shanghai, China # 17 September - Cheng Du, China # 25 September - Guang Zhou, China # 15 October - Chang Sha, China # 6 November - Wu Han, China # 13 November - Nan Jing, China # 12 December - Kung Ming, China # 5 March - Singapore # 1&2 April - Taipei Arena, Taiwan # Malaysia (unconfirmed)

; ''US APAHM Tour'', USA - 2010 # 26 May - Washington DC - GW Lisner Auditorium # 27 May - San Francisco at Palace of Fine Arts # 29 May - Los Angeles Concert at Club Nokia

On 26 December 2010 he celebrated Christmas Day in US regarding to his concert in Jersey called "Atlantic City Christmas Show (US)"at 1AM

Brand of himself

SMUDGE(Still moving under gunfire)

References

External links

JFJ PRODUCTIONS

JJ Lin Jun Jie's Official Website

JJ Hundred Days

JJ Lin on Twitter

JJ Federation Overseas (JJFO)

JJ Facebook Official Page - JJ Federation

Category:1981 births Category:Singaporean male singers Category:Singaporean people of Chinese descent Category:Chinese Christians Category:Living people Category:Anglo-Chinese School alumni Category:Saint Andrew's School, Singapore alumni Category:Singaporean Mandopop singers Category:Mandopop singer-songwriters Category:Singaporean composers

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