The Factory was Andy Warhol's original New York City studio from 1962 to 1968, although his later studios were known as The Factory as well. The Factory was located on the fifth floor at 231 East 47th Street, in Midtown Manhattan. The rent was "only about one hundred dollars a year". The building no longer exists.

The studio

The Factory was the hip hangout for artsy types, amphetamine users, and the Warhol superstars. It was famed for its groundbreaking parties. In the studio, Warhol's workers would make silkscreens and lithographs. In 1968, Andy moved the Factory to the sixth floor of the Decker Building, 33 Union Square West, near Max's Kansas City, a club Warhol and his entourage would frequently visit.

Speaking in 2002, John Cale said "It wasn't called the Factory for nothing. It was where the assembly line for the silkscreens happened. While one person was making a silkscreen, somebody else would be filming a screen test. Every day something new."

By the time Warhol had become famous, he was working day and night on his paintings. To create his art, Warhol used silkscreens so that he could mass-produce images the way capitalist corporations mass produce consumer goods. In order to continue working the way he did, he assembled a menagerie of adult film performers, drag queens, socialites, drug addicts, musicians, and free-thinkers that became known as the Warhol Superstars, to help him. These "art-workers" helped him create his paintings, starred in his films, and basically developed the atmosphere for which the Factory became legendary.

The Silver Factory

The original Factory was often referred to by those who frequented it as the Silver Factory. Covered with tin foil and silver paint, the Factory was decorated by Warhol's friend Billy Name, who was also the in-house photographer at the Factory. Warhol would often bring in silver balloons to drift around the ceiling.

Upon visiting Billy Name's apartment, which had been decorated in a similar manner, Warhol fell in love with the idea and asked him to do the same for his recently leased loft. The silver represented the decadence of the scene, as well as the proto-glam of the early sixties. Silver, fractured mirrors, and tin foil were the basic decorating materials loved by the early amphetamine users of the sixties. Billy Name was the perfect person to take this style and cover the whole factory, even the elevator. By combining the industrial structure of the unfurnished studio with the glitter of silver and what it represented, Warhol was commenting on American values, as he did so often in his art. The years spent at the Factory were known as the Silver Era, not solely because of the design, but because of the decadent and carefree lifestyle full of money, parties, drugs and fame.

Aside from his two-dimensional art, Andy also used the Factory as a base to make shoes, films, commissions, sculptures and just about everything else that the Warhol name could be attached to and sold. His first commissions consisted of a single silkscreen portrait for $25,000, with additional canvases in other colors for $5,000 each. He later made that $20,000. Warhol used a large portion of his income to finance the lifestyle of his Factory friends, practically showering them with resources.

Music in the Factory

The Factory became a meeting place of artists and musicians such as Lou Reed, Bob Dylan, Truman Capote and Mick Jagger. Other, less frequent visitors included Salvador Dalí and Allen Ginsberg. Warhol collaborated with Reed's influential New York rock band The Velvet Underground in 1965, and designed the famous cover for The Velvet Underground & Nico, the band's debut album. The album cover consisted of a plastic yellow banana that the listener could actually peel off to reveal a flesh-hued version of the banana. Warhol also designed the album cover for The Rolling Stones' album ''Sticky Fingers''.

Warhol included the Velvet Underground in the Exploding Plastic Inevitable, a spectacle that combined art, rock, Warhol films and dancers of all kinds, as well as live S&M; enactments and imagery. The Velvet Underground and EPI used the Factory as a place to rehearse, though the definition of "rehearsal" should only be taken loosely.

"Walk on the Wild Side", Lou Reed's best known song from his solo career, was released on his first commercially successful solo album ''Transformer''. The song is about the superstars he hung out with at the Factory. He mentions Holly Woodlawn, Candy Darling, Joe Dallesandro, Jackie Curtis and Joe Campbell (referred to in the song by his Factory nickname Sugar Plum Fairy).

Sexual radicals

Andy Warhol commented on mainstream America through his art while disregarding its strict social views. Nudity, graphic sexuality, drug use, same-sex relations and transgender characters appear in some form in almost all of his work filmed at the Silver Factory. Considered socially unacceptable, even appalling at the time, theaters showing his underground films were sometimes raided and the staff arrested for obscenity.

However, by making the films, Warhol created a sexually lenient environment at the Factory for the happenings that they staged, such as fake drag weddings, porn theater rentals, and vulgar plays. A large amount of free love took place in the scene, as sexuality in the 1960s was becoming more open. Sex was practically a must for anyone hanging around, and was encouraged by Warhol, who used footage of sexual acts between his friends in his work.

Also part of 'the scene' at the factory were famous drag queens such as Holly Woodlawn and Jackie Curtis, and the transgendered Candy Darling. As an artist, Andy Warhol frequently used these women and other sexual non-conformists in his films, plays, and on-goings.

Because of the constant drug use and the presence of sexually liberal artists and radicals, drugged orgies were a frequent happening at the Factory. Andy met Ondine at an orgy in 1962.

Ondine "I was at an orgy, and [Warhol] was, ah, this great presence in the back of the room. And this orgy was run by a friend of mine, and, so, I said to this person, 'Would you please mind throwing that thing out of here?' And that thing was thrown out of there, and when he came up to me the next time, he said to me, 'Nobody has ever thrown me out of a party.' He said, 'You know? Don't you know who I am?' And I said, 'Well, I don't give a good flying fuck who you are. You just weren't there. You weren't involved...'"

The couch

Not only was Billy Name responsible for the silver look of the Factory, but he also found The Factory's beloved red couch. He discovered it on the sidewalk of 47th street during one of his "midnight outings." He dragged it back to the Factory, where it quickly became a favorite place for Factory guests to crash, usually after coming down from speed. During its stay at the Factory, the couch became a focal point for many photographs and films from the Silver era, including ''Couch'' and ''Blow Job''. It was stolen in 1968 during the move when they left it on the sidewalk for a short while.

Regulars

Friends of Warhol and superstars who hung around the Factory include Edie Sedgwick, Gerard Malanga, Ondine, Ivy Nicholson, Ingrid Superstar, Anita Pallenberg, Nico, The Velvet Underground (Lou Reed, Sterling Morrison, Maureen Tucker, and John Cale), Johnny Conflict, Candy Darling, Jeremiah Newton, Jim Morrison, Jackie Curtis, Gage Henrich, Frank Holliday, Holly Woodlawn, Viva, Billy Name, Rotten Rita, Freddie Herko, Mario Montez, Brian Jones, Mick Jagger,Noelle Wolf, Joe Dallesandro, Naomi Levine, Joe Dro, Paul Morrissey, Stephen Shore, Betsey Johnson, Truman Capote, Becky D, Fernando Arrabal, Taylor Mead, Mary Woronov, Ronnie Cutrone, Jane Forth, Lenny Dahl, Neke Carson, Baby Jane Holzer, Ultra Violet, Brigid Polk, Rickpat F, Paul America, Penny Arcade, Bobby Driscoll, Herbert Muschamp Peter Gramlique, and John Giorno, Brigid Berlin, Danny Williams, Chuck Wein, William Burroughs, Ulli Lommel, although there were many other visitors as well.

Films

Warhol started shooting movies in the Factory around 1963, when work began on ''Kiss''. Warhol would screen movies at the Factory for his friends before they were released for public audiences. When Warhol could not find traditional theaters to show some of his more provocative films, he would sometimes turn to night-clubs or porn theaters. Here is listed all movies filmed entirely or partly at The Factory. Warhol also shot other films not on this list, however, many have been lost or were never completed.

;1963

''Kiss''

''Rollerskate''

''Haircut no. 1''

''Haircut no. 2''

''Haircut no. 3''

;1964

''Handjob''

''Blow Job''

''Screen Tests'' (1964–1966)

''Jill Johnston Dancing''

''Eat''

''Couch''

''Henry Geldzahler''

''Shoulder''

''Taylor Mead's Ass''

''Mario Banana''

''Harlot''

''13 Most Beautiful Women''

''13 Most beautiful Boys''

''50 Fantastics and 50 Personalities''

;1965

''John and Ivy''

''Screen Test #1''

''Screen Test #2''

''Drink''

''Suicide'' (Screen Test #3)

''Horse''

''Vinyl''

''Bitch''

''Poor Little Rich Girl''

''Face''

''Afternoon''

''Beauty No. 1''

''Beauty No. 2''

''Space''

''Factory Diaries''

''Outer and Inner Space''

''Prison''

''The Fugs and the Holy Modal Rounders''

''My Hustler''

''Camp''

''More Milk, Yvette''

''Lupe''

;1966

''Ari and Mario''

''Eating Too Fast'' (aka ''Blow Job #2'')

''The Velvet Underground & Nico: A Symphony of Sound''

''Hedy'' (aka ''Hedy the Shoplifter'')

''The Beard''

''Salvador Dalí''

''Superboy''

''The Chelsea Girls''

''The Bob Dylan Story''

''The Kennedy Assassination''

''Mrs. Warhol''

''Kiss the Boot''

''The Andy Warhol Story''

''A Christmas Carol''

''**** (four stars)'' (aka ''The 24-Hour Movie'')

;1967

''Imitation of Christ''

''I, a Man''

''The Loves of Ondine''

''Bikeboy''

''Tub Girls''

''Nude Restaurant''

''Sunset''

;1968

''Lonesome Cowboys''

''Flesh''

''Blue Movie''

''Trash'' (1968–1969)

''Women in Revolt'' (1968–1971)

Later movies were filmed away from the Factory, or in another one of Warhol's New York apartments.

References

Category:1960s Category:Andy Warhol Category:Pop art Category:American artist groups and collectives

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Antoni Bou, also known as Toni Bou (born 17 October 1986 in Piera, in Catalonia, Spain) is an internationally renowned motorcycle trials rider. He has been the outdoor FIM Trial World Championship champion from 2007 to 2010, and the indoor one from 2007 to 2011. With these 9 world titles, he is already the second most successful rider in history, after Dougie Lampkin with 12 titles, surpassing Jordi Tarrés who is third with 7 titles. At the age of 20 years and 5 months, Bou was the second youngest rider ever to win the World Indoor Title, and the youngest to do it on a 4-stroke motorbike.

Biography

Toni Bou's first race win was in 1999, when he obtained the Catalan Cadet Trials Championship title at the age of 12. In 2001 he was the Spanish Junior Trials Champion. His World Trials debut was in 2003, when he ended 13th in the World Outdoor Trials Championship, and 1st in the European Outdoor Trials Championship. His first World Trials win was in 2006 when he ended 5th in the outdoor championship, and 3rd in the indoor one. In the same year he was the Spanish Outdoor Trials Champion.

In 2007 he was World Trials Champion for the first time, both in the indoor and outdoor Championships. He has been able to repeat this feat in 2008 and 2009.

In terms of National Team achievements, he has been part of the Spanish team, fully composed by Catalan riders, that obtained Trial des Nations wins in the years 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. He also achieved the same in the indoor version of the competition in the years 2006, 2007 and 2008.

The 2009 season was a perfect one for him, achieving all his objectives, as he won all the major 5 titles, including the indoor and outdoor world titles, the indoor and outdoor Spanish titles, and the Trial des Nations title. This feat was only achieved once before, by Adam Raga in 2005.

Toni Bou rides a Repsol Montesa HRC bike.

Titles

# 4 World Motorcycle Trials Champion: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 # 5 World Motorcycle Trials Indoor Champion: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 # 2 Spanish Trials Champion: 2006, 2009 # 1 Spanish Trials Indoor Champion: 2009 # 5 Trial des Nations: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 # 3 Trial des Nations Indoor: 2006, 2007, 2008 # 1 European youth cup: 2002 # 1 European Trials Champion: 200

Results at the World Trials Championship

The following table shows the final position achieved by Toni Bou at the World Motorbike Trials Championship Outdoor: Montesa Honda

Year	! Motorbike	! Final position
2003	Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)>Beta	13th
2004
2005
2006
2007	Montesa ||bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| Champion
2008
2009
2010

Results at the World Trials Championship Indoor

The following table shows the final position achieved by Toni Bou at the World Motorbike Trials Championship intdoor:

Year	! Motorbike	! Final position
2007	Montesa Honda>Montesa	Champion
2008
2009
2010
2011

References

External links

Toni Bou official site

Toni Bou at Facebook

Toni Bou profile, at HondaRacing

Category:1987 births Category:Living people Category:Spanish motorcycle racers Category:Catalan motorcycle racers Category:Motorcycle trials riders Category:People from Anoia

ca:Antoni Bou i Mena es:Toni Bou fr:Toni Bou it:Toni Bou ru:Боу, Тони

''This article is about the fictional character from ''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory''. For the candy company, see, The Willy Wonka Candy Company.''

series	Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
name	Willy Wonka
first	''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory''
creator	Roald Dahl
portrayer	Gene Wilder (1971)Johnny Depp (2005)Maurice LaMarche (Commercials)}}

Willy Wonka is a fictional character in the 1964 Roald Dahl novel ''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory'' and the film adaptations that followed. The book and the 1971 film adaption both vividly depict an unusual Wonka — a feature arising from his creative genius. He annoys the other characters with his antics, though Charlie sees Wonka's behavior as a positive trait. In the 2005 film adaption, Willy Wonka's behavior is viewed more as a sympathetic character flaw. These aspects of Wonka's personality are explained in Burton's version by a strained, conflicted relationship with his father, the dentist Wilbur Wonka - a character created exclusively for this film.

Appearances

1971 film adaption

Candy maker Willy Wonka (52 years in the movie) has hidden five Golden Tickets amongst his Wonka Bars. The finders of these special tickets will be given a full tour of his tightly-guarded candy factory as well as a lifetime supply of chocolate. The contest sets off a global craze with everyone desperately seeking out the tickets. They are eventually found by five different children from around the world.

Wonka greets the winning children and their guardians at the factory gates. He immediately shows his unpredictability by slowly hobbling towards the gate with a cane, then pretending to fall, only to do a somersault and spring back to his feet with a flourish. Once he and his visitors are inside, Wonka requires each to sign a contract before the tour can begin. The tour progresses though many fantastic rooms and labs in the factory, all run by Wonka's crew of Oompa Loompas. Along the way, four of the children misbehave against Wonka's warnings, resulting in serious but comical consequences and removing them from the tour.

Eventually, Charlie Bucket is the only remaining child. Wonka informs him that the tour is over, politely dismisses him and Grandpa Joe, and disappears into his office without mentioning the promised prize of a lifetime supply of chocolate. Grandpa Joe and Charlie enter the office, where Wonka tells them that Charlie does not get the prize because he broke the rules. When questioned on the existence of the said rules, Wonka irritably reveals the forfeiture clause of the contract Charlie signed. Charlie's part in the theft of Fizzy Lifting drinks earlier in the story means that he violated the contract, and therefore he receives nothing. Now seemingly enraged, Wonka again dismisses them with a furious "Good day!".

When Charlie subsequently returns a gobstopper to Wonka that he initially planned to give to an industrial spy, Wonka joyfully tells Charlie that he "won" and begs his guests' forgiveness. He reveals that the spy "Slugworth" is actually an employee named Wilkinson, whose offer to buy the gobstopper was a morality test for the Golden Ticket winners, and Charlie was the only one who passed. Wonka leads Charlie and Joe to the "Wonkavator", a multi-directional glass elevator, and fly out of the factory in it. As they soar over the village, Wonka tells Charlie that his actual prize is not just the chocolate but the factory itself, as the Golden Ticket search was created to help Wonka search for an honest and worthy child to be his heir. Charlie and his family will reside in the factory and take over its operation when Wonka retires.

2005 film adaption

Willy Wonka, the owner of a famous chocolate factory, has long closed access to his factory due to problems concerning industrial espionage that ultimately led him to fire all his employees, among them Charlie's Grandpa Joe. One day, Wonka informs the world of a contest, in which five Golden Tickets have been placed in five random Wonka Bars worldwide, and the winners will be given a full tour of the factory as well as a lifetime supply of chocolate, while one ticket holder will be given a special prize at the end of the tour. After all five of the tickets are found, Wonka greets Charlie and the other ticket holders outside the factory and leads the group into the facility. During the tour, Wonka tempts each of the bad children to disobey his orders with something related to their individual character flaws. Wonka then invites Charlie to come live and work in the factory with him, and reveals that the purpose of the Golden Tickets and the tour was to make the "least rotten" child the heir of the factory itself, so he can have someone carry on his legacy when he dies. The only condition, however, is that Charlie must leave his family behind, because Wonka believes family is a hindrance to a chocolatier's creative freedom, a philosophy Wonka developed due to his dentist father, Dr. Wilbur Wonka, denying his son candy because of the potential risk to his teeth. After secretly sampling some candy, Wonka was instantly hooked and ran away to follow his dreams. After being refused Charlie's offer, Wonka falls into a state of emotional depression and returns to Charlie to seek advice. Wonka soon reunites with his estranged father and allows Charlie's family to move into the factory.

Concept and creation

2005 film adaption

Early on in the production of the 2005 film, Nicolas Cage was under discussions for portraying Willy Wonka, but lost interest. Warner Bros. president Alan F. Horn wanted Tom Shadyac to direct Jim Carrey as Willy Wonka, believing the duo could make ''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory'' relevant to mainstream audiences, but Roald Dahl's widow Liccy Dahl opposed this. After Tim Burton was hired as director in May 2003, Burton immediately thought of Johnny Depp for the role of Willy Wonka, who joined the following August for his fourth collaboration with the director.

Burton and screenwriter John August worked together in creating Wilbur Wonka, Willy's domineering dentist father. "You want a little bit of the flavor of why Wonka is the way he is," Burton reasoned. "Otherwise, what is he? He's just a weird guy." Warner Bros. and Burton held differences over the characterization of Willy Wonka. The studio wanted to make Willy Wonka the idyllic father figure Charlie Bucket had longed for his entire life. Burton believed that Wonka would not be a good father, finding the character similar to a recluse. "In some ways," Burton protested, "he's more screwed up than the kids." Prior to Burton's involvement, Warner Bros. considered or discussed Willy Wonka with Nicolas Cage, Jim Carrey, Michael Keaton, Brad Pitt, Will Smith and Adam Sandler. Johnny Depp was the only actor Burton considered for the role, who signed on without reading the script under the intention on going with a completely different approach than what Gene Wilder did in the 1971 film adaptation. "Regardless of what one thinks of that film," Depp explained, "Gene Wilder's persona, his character, stands out."

Comparisons were drawn between Willy Wonka and musician Michael Jackson. Burton joked, "Here's the deal. There's a big difference: Michael Jackson likes children, Willy Wonka ''can't stand them''. To me that's a huge difference." Depp explained that the similarities with Jackson never occurred to him. "I say if there was anyone you'd want to compare Wonka to it would be a Howard Hughes, almost. Reclusive, germaphobe, controlling." Burton agreed with the Hughes similarities, and additionally supplied Charles Foster Kane in ''Citizen Kane'' as inspiration. "Somebody who was brilliant but then was traumatized and then retreats into their own world." Depp wanted to sport prosthetic makeup for the part and have a long, elongated nose, but Burton believed it would be too outrageous.

Critical analysis

Critical response to Johnny Depp's performance as Willy Wonka was mainly positive. Owen Gleiberman of ''Entertainment Weekly'' wrote that "Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka may be a stone freak, but he is also one of Burton's classic crackpot conjurers, like ''Beetlejuice'' or ''Ed Wood''." Mick LaSalle from the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' found that "all the laughs [in the film] come from Depp, who gives Willy the mannerisms of a classic Hollywood diva". Peter Travers wrote in ''Rolling Stone'' magazine that "Depp's deliciously demented take on Willy Wonka demands to be seen. Depp goes deeper to find the bruises on Wonka's secret heart than what Gene Wilder did." Ann Hornaday of ''The Washington Post'' criticized Depp's acting. "The cumulative effect isn't pretty. Nor is it kooky, funny, eccentric or even mildly interesting. Indeed, throughout his fey, simpering performance, Depp seems to be straining so hard for weirdness that the entire enterprise begins to feel like those excruciating occasions when your parents tried to be hip." Johnny Depp received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy for his role as Willy Wonka, but lost to Joaquin Phoenix as Johnny Cash in ''Walk the Line''.

References

External links

"Willy Wonka" the stage musical

''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory'' film website

The Willy Wonka Candy Company

Category:Food advertising characters Category:Willy Wonka characters Category:Fictional English people Category:Fictional businesspeople Category:Fictional inventors Category:Fictional chefs Category:Fictional scientists Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1964 *

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