Coordinates | 46°07′58″N64°46′17″N |
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company name | Vivendi S.A. |
company logo | |
company type | Société Anonyme |
traded as | |
foundation | December 14, 1853 (as Compagnie générale des eaux)1998 (as Vivendi) |
location city | Paris |
location country | France |
key people | Jean-Bernard Lévy (CEO), Jean-René Fourtou (Chairman) |
area served | Worldwide |
industry | Media, telecommunication |
products | Music publishing, film production, publishing, pay TV services, television broadcasting, telecommunication services, video game publishing |
revenue | €28.88 billion (2010) |
operating income | €4.871 billion (2010) |
net income | €2.198 billion (2010) |
assets | €58.99 billion (end 2010) |
equity | €28.17 billion (end 2010) |
num employees | 54,560 (FTE, average 2010) |
subsid | Canal+ GroupVivendi EntertainmentUniversal Music GroupActivision Blizzard (54%)GVT (99.17%)Maroc Telecom (53%)SFR (100%) |
homepage | www.vivendi.com |
intl | yes }} |
Vivendi SA (formerly known as Vivendi Universal) is a French international media conglomerate with activities in music, television and film, publishing, telecommunications, the Internet, and video games. It is headquartered in Paris.
For more than a century, Compagnie Générale des Eaux remained largely focused on the water sector. However, following the appointment of Guy Dejouany as CEO in 1976, CGE extended its activities into other sectors with a series of takeovers. Beginning in 1980, CGE began diversifying its operations from water into waste management, energy, transport services, and construction and property. It acquired the ''Compagnie Générale d'Entreprises Automobiles'' (CGEA), specialized in industrial vehicles, which was later divided into two branches: Connex and Onyx Environnement. CGE then acquired the ''Compagnie Générale de Chauffe'', and later the Montenay group. The Energy Services division these companies became part of, was later (1998) renamed Dalkia.
In 1983, CGE helped to found Canal+, the first Pay-TV channel in France, and in the 1990s, they began expanding into telecommunications and mass media, especially after Jean-Marie Messier succeeded Guy Dejouany on June 27, 1996. In 1996, CGE created Cegetel to take advantage of the 1998 deregulation of the French telecommunications market, accelerating the move into the media sector which would culminate in the 2000 demerger into Vivendi Universal and Vivendi Environnement (Veolia).
In 1998, Compagnie Générale des Eaux changed its name to ''Vivendi'', and sold off its property and construction divisions the following year to what would become Vinci. Vivendi went on to acquire stakes in or merge with Maroc Telecom, Havas, Cendant Software, Anaya, and NetHold, a large Continental European pay-TV operator. Beginning in 1998, Vivendi launched digital channels in Italy, Spain, Poland, Scandinavia, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
In June 1999, Vivendi merged with Pathé, the exchange ratio for the merger fixed at three Vivendi shares for every two Pathé shares. ''The Wall Street Journal'' estimated the value of the deal at US$2.59 billion. Following the completion of the merger, Vivendi retained Pathé's interests in British Sky Broadcasting Group PLC and CanalSatellite, a French broadcasting corporation then sold all remaining assets to Jérôme Seydoux's family-owned holding company, ''Fornier SA'' who changed its name to Pathé.
In July 2000, Vivendi spun off its water and waste companies—once its core business—along with interests in other public service sectors such as transport into Vivendi Environnement (IPO in Paris in July 2000 and in New York in October 2001), later (2003) renamed Veolia Environnement.
Vivendi Universal Entertainment was created in December 2000 with the merger of the Vivendi media empire with Canal+ television networks and the acquisition of Universal Studios from Canadian company Seagram.
Vivendi in its current form came into existence on April 20, 2006 following the sale of an 80% stake in the Vivendi Universal Entertainment unit to General Electric to form NBC Universal (merging GE's NBC unit & Vivendi's Vivendi Universal Entertainment unit) and the gradual recovery of the company from its disastrous over-expansion in the late 1990s and the early 2000s.
On December 2, 2007, Vivendi announced that it would be merging its Vivendi Games unit with Activision in a $18.8 billion deal. This will allow the merged company, Activision Blizzard, to rival Electronic Arts, the world's biggest video games publisher.
Vivendi is a Fortune Global 500 company ranked #264, with a total revenue in the year 2008 of 29.6 billion USD. However, its massive expansion in the late 90s and early 21st century has caused the company both financial and legal trouble. The problems arose during the term of former CEO, Jean-Marie Messier; both US and French regulators are investigating potential cover-ups of company losses. Vivendi is also an example of privatization of a public service, the distribution of water and wastewater.
Category:Media companies of France Category:Companies established in 1853
ar:فيفاندي de:Vivendi es:Vivendi fr:Vivendi id:Vivendi it:Vivendi nl:Vivendi SA ja:ヴィヴェンディ no:Vivendi Universal pl:Vivendi pt:Vivendi ro:Vivendi ru:Vivendi SA fi:Vivendi sv:Vivendi SA tr:Vivendi SA zh:维旺迪This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 46°07′58″N64°46′17″N |
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playername | Benny Fenton |
fullname | Benjamin Robert Vincent Fenton |
dateofbirth | October 10, 1918 |
cityofbirth | London |
countryofbirth | England |
dateofdeath | July 29, 2000 |
cityofdeath | Dorset |
countryofdeath | England |
position | Wing half |
youthyears1 | 1934–1935 |
youthclubs1 | Colchester Town |
youthyears2 | 1935–1937 |
youthclubs2 | West Ham United |
years1 | 1937–1939 |
clubs1 | West Ham United |
caps1 | 21 |
goals1 | 9 |
years2 | 1939–1947 |
clubs2 | Millwall |
caps2 | 20 |
goals2 | 7 |
years3 | 1947–1955 |
clubs3 | Charlton Athletic |
caps3 | 264 |
goals3 | 22 |
years4 | 1955–1958 |
clubs4 | Colchester United |
caps4 | 104 |
goals4 | 15 |
totalcaps | 409 |
totalgoals | 53 |
manageryears1 | 1955–1963 |
managerclubs1 | Colchester United |
manageryears2 | 1963–1964 |
managerclubs2 | Leyton Orient |
manageryears3 | 1966–1974 |
managerclubs3 | Millwall }} |
Fenton later appeared for Millwall, Charlton Athletic and Colchester United, making over 400 appearances in the Football League for all four clubs.
During World War II, Fenton guested for former club West Ham United in November 1944. He also guested for Charlton Athletic, York City, Cardiff City and Manchester City.
Category:1918 births Category:2000 deaths Category:People from West Ham Category:English footballers Category:English football managers Category:Colchester Town F.C. players Category:West Ham United F.C. players Category:Millwall F.C. players Category:York City F.C. wartime guest players Category:Charlton Athletic F.C. players Category:Colchester United F.C. players Category:The Football League players Category:Colchester United F.C. managers Category:Leyton Orient F.C. managers Category:Millwall F.C. managers
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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