Coordinates	38°37′38″N90°11′52″N
birth date	November 28, 1950
birth place	Englewood, New Jersey, U.S.
birth name	Edward Allen Harris
spouse	Amy Madigan (1983–present)
years active	1978–present
occupation	Actor, director, screenwriter }}

Edward Allen "Ed" Harris (born November 28, 1950) is an American actor, writer, and director, known for his performances in ''Appaloosa'', ''Radio'', ''The Rock'', ''The Abyss'', ''Apollo 13'', ''A Beautiful Mind'', ''A History of Violence'', and ''The Truman Show''. Harris has also narrated commercials for The Home Depot and other companies.

Early and personal life

Harris was born in Englewood, New Jersey, and raised in Tenafly, the son of Margaret, a travel agent, and Robert L. Harris, who sang with the Fred Waring chorus and worked at the bookstore of the Art Institute of Chicago. He has an older brother, Robert, and a younger brother, Spencer. Harris was raised in a middle-class Presbyterian family. He graduated from Tenafly High School in 1969, where he played on the football team, serving as the team's captain in his senior year. He was a star athlete in high school and competed in athletics at Columbia University in 1969. Two years later his family moved to New Mexico and he followed after having discovered his interest in acting in various theater plays. He enrolled at the University of Oklahoma to study drama. After several successful roles in the local theater, he moved to Los Angeles, and enrolled at the California Institute of the Arts.

Harris's wife is actress Amy Madigan. The couple married on Monday, November 21, 1983 while they were filming ''Places in the Heart'' in which they played an adulterous couple. They have a daughter, Lilly Dolores Harris, born in 1993.

Harris and his wife appeared at a pro-choice rally for the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League in January 21, 2003, held to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade case.

Career

Harris's first important film role was in ''Borderline'' with Charles Bronson. In ''Knightriders'' he played the king of a motorcycle-riding renaissance-fair troupe in a role modeled after King Arthur.

In 1983, the actor became a star, playing astronaut John Glenn in ''The Right Stuff''. Twelve years later, a film with a similar theme led to Harris being nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of NASA flight director Gene Kranz in ''Apollo 13''.

Further Oscar nominations arrived in 1999, 2001 and 2003, for ''The Truman Show'', ''Pollock'' and ''The Hours'', respectively. He also portrayed a German sniper, Major Erwin König, in ''Enemy at the Gates''. More recently, he appeared as a vengeful mobster in David Cronenberg's ''A History of Violence'' and as a police officer alongside Casey Affleck and Morgan Freeman in ''Gone, Baby, Gone'', directed by Ben Affleck. In 2007, he appeared in ''National Treasure: Book of Secrets'' as antagonist Mitch Wilkinson.

Along with theatrical films, he has starred in television adaptations of ''Riders of the Purple Sage'' (1996) and ''Empire Falls'' (2005).

Harris made his cinema directing debut in 2000 with ''Pollock'', in which he starred as the acclaimed American artist Jackson Pollock. He also has portrayed such diverse real-life characters as William Walker, a 19th Century American who appointed himself president of Nicaragua, in the film ''Walker''; Watergate figure E. Howard Hunt in the Oliver Stone biopic ''Nixon'' and composer Ludwig van Beethoven in the film ''Copying Beethoven''.

Harris has directed a number of theater productions as well as having an active stage acting career. Most notably, he starred in the production of Neil LaBute's one-man play ''Wrecks'' at the Public Theater in New York City and later at the Geffen Theater in Los Angeles. For the LA production, he won the LA Drama Critics Circle Award. ''Wrecks'' premiered at the Everyman Theater in Cork, Ireland and then in the US at the Public Theater in New York.

Harris and wife Amy Madigan starred together in Ash Adams' indie crime drama ''Once Fallen'', alongside Brian Presley, Sharon Gless, Adams himself, and a large all-star cast. It was released in 2010.

Filmography

+ List of film and television credits
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1978		Pathology Resident No. 2
1980		Hotchkiss
1981	''Knightriders''	Billy
1981	''Dream On!''
1982	''Creepshow''	Hank Blaine
1983		John Glenn
1983		Oates
1984		Jack Walsh
1984	''Places in the Heart''	Wayne Lomax
1984	''A Flash of Green''	Jimmy Wing
1985	''Code Name: Emerald''	Gus Lang
1985	''Alamo Bay''	Shang
1985		Charlie Dick
1987
1987	''The Last Innocent Man''	Harry Nash
1988	''To Kill a Priest''	Stefan
1989	''Jacknife''	David 'High School' Flannigan	Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
1989	''The Abyss''	Virgil 'Bud' Brigman
1990		Frankie Flannery
1991	''Paris Trout''	Harry Seagraves
1992		Dave Moss
1992		Hugh Hathaway
1993		Wayne Tarrance
1993	''Needful Things''	Sheriff Alan Pangborn
1994		Tom Wheeler
1994	''China Moon''	Kyle Bodine
1994		General Starkey
1995		E. Howard Hunt
1995		Gene Kranz	Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting RoleSoutheastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
1995		Blair Sullivan
1996		Brigadier General Francis X. Hummel
1996		Mack McCann
1997		Seth Frank
1998
1998		Luke Harrison
1998	''The Truman Show''	Christof	Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion PictureNational Board of Review Award for Best Supporting ActorSoutheastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting RoleNominated – Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor
1999	''The Third Miracle''	Frank Shore
2000		Jackson Pollock	also director	Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated – Academy Award for Best ActorNominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
2000	''The Prime Gig''	Kelly Grant
2000		Jerry Charmichael
2001		Parcher	Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion PictureNominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
2001		Colonel Berman
2001	''Enemy at the Gates''	Major König
2002		Richard Brown	Nominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting RoleNominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion PictureNominated – London Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the YearNominated – Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best CastNominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion PictureNominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role
2003		Coach Jones
2003		Lester Farley
2003	''Masked and Anonymous''	Oscar Vogel
2005		Miles Roby	Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television FilmNominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a MovieNominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television FilmNominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
2005	''Winter Passing''	Don Holden
2005		Carl Fogarty	National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor
2006		Melville
2006	''Copying Beethoven''	Ludwig van Beethoven
2006		US Consul Leslie Davis	Documentary
2007	''Gone Baby Gone''	Remy Bressant
2007		Eddie Lorenzo
2007	''National Treasure: Book of Secrets''	Mitch Wilkinson
2008	''Touching Home''	Charlie Winston
2008		Virgil Cole	(also Writer-Director)
2009	''Once Fallen''	Liam
2010	''The Way Back''	Mr. Smith
2010	''Call of Duty: Black Ops''	Jason Hudson	(video game; voice only)
2011	''That's What I Am''	Mr. Simon
2011	''Salvation Boulevard''	Dr. Paul Blaylock
2011		John McCain	In production TV Movie
2011	''The Gift Horse''	William Lee Hendricks Sr. (rumored)	In production
2012	''Man on a Ledge''		In production

Awards and nominations

Academy Awards

1995: Best Supporting Actor (for playing Gene Kranz in ''Apollo 13'', nominated)

1998: Best Supporting Actor (for playing "Christof" in ''The Truman Show'', nominated)

2000: Best Actor (for playing Jackson Pollock in ''Pollock'', nominated)

2002: Best Supporting Actor (for playing "Richard Brown" in ''The Hours'', nominated)

BAFTA Awards

1998: Best Supporting Actor (for playing "Christof" in ''The Truman Show'', nominated)

2002: Best Supporting Actor (for playing "Richard Brown" in ''The Hours'', nominated)

Emmy Awards

2005: Outstanding Actor – Miniseries or Movie (for playing "Miles Roby" in ''Empire Falls'', nominated)

Golden Globe Awards

Film awards

1989: Best Supporting Actor (for playing "David Flannigan" in ''Jacknife'', nominated)

1995: Best Supporting Actor (for playing Gene Kranz in ''Apollo 13'', nominated)

1998: Best Supporting Actor (for playing "Christof" in ''The Truman Show'', won)

2002: Best Supporting Actor (for playing "Richard Brown" in ''The Hours'', nominated)

Television awards

2006: Best Actor – Miniseries or TV Film (for playing "Miles Roby" in ''Empire Falls'', nominated)

London Film Critics Circle

2003: Actor of the Year (for playing "Richard Brown" in ''The Hours'', nominated)

National Board of Review

1998: Best Supporting Actor (for playing "Christof" in ''The Truman Show'', won)

National Society of Film Critics

2005: Best Supporting Actor (for ''A History of Violence'', won)

Online Film Critics Society

1998: Best Supporting Actor (for playing "Christof" in ''The Truman Show'', nominated)

Phoenix Film Critics Society

2002: Best Cast (for ''The Hours'', nominated)

San Francisco International Film Festival

2006: Harris received the Peter J. Owens Award, which honors an actor whose work exemplifies brilliance, independence and integrity. ''A Flash of Green'' was screened at the festival in his honor.

Satellite Awards

Film awards

2000: Best Actor – Drama (for playing Jackson Pollock in ''Pollock'', nominated)

2001: Best Supporting Actor – Drama (for playing "Parcher" in ''A Beautiful Mind'', nominated)

Television awards

2005: Outstanding Actor – Miniseries or TV Film (for playing "Miles Roby" in ''Empire Falls'', nominated)

Screen Actors Guild

Film awards

1995: Outstanding Supporting Actor (for playing Gene Kranz in ''Apollo 13'', won)

2001: Outstanding Cast (for ''A Beautiful Mind'', nominated)

2002: Outstanding Cast (for ''The Hours'', nominated)

2002: Outstanding Supporting Actor (for playing "Richard Brown" in ''The Hours'', nominated)

Television awards

1996: Outstanding Actor – Miniseries or TV Film (for playing "Jim Lassiter" in ''Riders of the Purple Sage'', nominated)

2005: Outstanding Actor – Miniseries or TV Film (for playing "Miles Roby" in ''Empire Falls'', nominated)

References

External links

Category:1950 births Category:American film actors Category:American Presbyterians Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:Columbia University alumni Category:Drama Desk Award winners Category:Living people Category:Actors from New Jersey Category:People from Bergen County, New Jersey Category:University of Oklahoma alumni

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Coordinates	38°37′38″N90°11′52″N
name	Peter Weir
birth name	Peter Lindsay Weir
birth date	August 21, 1944
birth place	Sydney, Australia
occupation	Filmmaker
yearsactive	1964–present
spouse	Wendy Stites (1966–present) }}

Peter Lindsay Weir, AM (born 21 August 1944) is an Australian film director. After playing a leading role in the Australian New Wave cinema with his films such as ''Picnic at Hanging Rock'', ''The Last Wave'' and ''Gallipoli'', Weir directed a diverse group of American and international films—many of them major box office hits—including the Academy Award nominees ''Witness'', ''Dead Poets Society'', ''Green Card'', ''The Truman Show'' and ''Master and Commander''.

Early life and career

Weir was born in Sydney, the son of Peggy (née Barnsley) and Lindsay Weir, a real estate agent. Weir attended The Scots College and Vaucluse Boys' High School before studying art and law at the University of Sydney. His interest in film was sparked by his meeting with fellow students, including Phillip Noyce and the future members of the Sydney filmmaking collective Ubu Films.

After leaving university in the mid-1960s he joined Sydney television station ATN-7, where he worked as a production assistant on the groundbreaking satirical comedy program ''The Mavis Bramston Show''. During this period, using station facilities, he made his first two experimental short films, ''Count Vim's Last Exercise'' and ''The Life and Flight of Reverend Buckshotte''.

Weir then took up a position with the Commonwealth Film Unit (later renamed Film Australia), for which he made several documentaries, including a short documentary about an underprivileged outer Sydney suburb, ''Whatever Happened to Green Valley'', in which residents were invited to make their own film segments. Another notable film in this period was the short rock music performance film ''Three Directions In Australian Pop Music'' (1972), which featured in-concert colour footage of three of the most significant Melbourne rock acts of the period, Spectrum, The Captain Matchbox Whoopee Band and Wendy Saddington. He also directed one section of the three-part, three-director feature film ''Three To Go'' (1970), which won an AFI award.

After leaving the CFU, Weir made his first major independent film, the short feature ''Homesdale'' (1971), an offbeat black comedy which co-starred rising young actress Kate Fitzpatrick and musician and comedian Grahame Bond, who came to fame in 1972 as the star of ''The Aunty Jack Show''; Weir also played a small role, but this was to be his last significant screen appearance. ''Homesdale'' and Weir's two aforementioned CFU shorts have been released on DVD.

Weir's first full-length feature film was the underground cult classic, ''The Cars That Ate Paris'' (1975), a low-budget black comedy about the inhabitants of a small country town who deliberately cause fatal car crashes and live off the proceeds. It was a minor success in cinemas but proved very popular on the then-thriving drive-in circuit.

Weir's major breakthrough in Australia and internationally was the lush, atmospheric period mystery ''Picnic at Hanging Rock'' (1975), made with substantial backing from the state-funded South Australian Film Corporation and filmed on location in South Australia and rural Victoria. Based on the novel by Joan Lindsay, the film relates the purportedly "true" story of a group of students from an exclusive girls' school who mysteriously vanish from a school picnic on Valentine's Day 1900. Widely credited as a key work in the "Australian film renaissance" of the mid-1970s, ''Picnic'' was the first Australian film of its era to gain both critical praise and be given substantial international theatrical releases. It also helped launch the career of internationally renowned Australian cinematographer Russell Boyd. It was widely acclaimed by critics, many of whom praised it as a welcome antidote to the so-called "ocker film" genre, typified by ''The Adventures of Barry McKenzie'' and ''Alvin Purple''.

Weir's next film, ''The Last Wave'' (1977) was a supernatural thriller about a man who begins to experience terrifying visions of an impending natural disaster. It starred the American actor Richard Chamberlain, who was well-known to Australian and world audiences as the eponymous physician in the popular ''Doctor Kildare'' TV series, and would later star in the Australian-set major series "The Thorn Birds". ''The Last Wave'' was a pensive, ambivalent work that expanded on themes from ''Picnic'', exploring the interactions between the native Aboriginal and European cultures. It co-starred the aboriginal actor David Gulpilil, whose performance won the Golden Ibex (Oscar equivalent) at the Tehran International Festival in 1977 but was only a moderate commercial success at the time.

Between ''The Last Wave'' and his next feature, Weir wrote and directed the offbeat low-budget telemovie ''The Plumber'' (1979). It starred Australian actors Judy Morris and Ivar Kants and was filmed in just three weeks. Inspired by a real-life experience told to him by friends, it is a black comedy about a woman whose life is disrupted by an intrusive tradesman (which bears a strong similarity to the 1996 Jim Carrey film ''The Cable Guy'').

Weir scored a major Australian hit and further international praise with his next film ''Gallipoli'' (1981). Scripted by the Australian playwright David Williamson, it is regarded as classic Australian cinema. ''Gallipoli'' was instrumental in making Mel Gibson (''Mad Max'') into a major star, although his co-star Mark Lee, who also received high praise for his role, has made relatively few screen appearances since.

The climax of Weir's early career was the $6 million multi-national production ''The Year of Living Dangerously'' (1983), again starring Mel Gibson, playing opposite top Hollywood female lead Sigourney Weaver in a story about journalistic loyalty, idealism, love and ambition in the turmoil of Sukarno's Indonesia of 1965. It was an adaptation of the novel by Christopher Koch, which was based in part on the experiences of Koch's journalist brother Philip, the ABC's Jakarta correspondent and one of the few western journalists in the city during the 1965 attempted coup. The film also won Linda Hunt (who played a man in the film) an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress.

On 14 June 1982, Weir was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for his service to the film industry.

Filmmaking in the United States

Weir's first American film was the successful thriller ''Witness'' (1985), the first of two films he made with Harrison Ford, a thriller about an Amish boy who sees the murder of an undercover police officer and has to be hidden away in his Amish community to protect him. Child star Lukas Haas received wide praise for his debut film performance; ''Witness'' also earned Weir his first Oscar nomination as Best Director, and was his first of several films to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture.

It was followed by the darker, less commercial ''The Mosquito Coast'' (1986), Paul Schrader's adaptation of Paul Theroux's novel, with Ford playing a man obsessively pursuing his dream to start a new life in the Central American jungle with his family. These dramatic parts provided Harrison Ford with important opportunities to break the typecasting of his career-making roles in the ''Star Wars'' and ''Indiana Jones'' series. Both films showed off his ability to play more subtle and substantial characters and he was nominated for a Best Actor Oscar for his work in ''Witness'', the only Academy Awards recognition in his career. ''The Mosquito Coast'' is also notable for an impressive performance by the young River Phoenix.

Weir's next film, ''Dead Poets Society'' (1989) was a major international success, with Weir again receiving credit for expanding the acting range of its Hollywood star. Robin Williams was mainly known for his anarchic standup comedy and his popular TV role as the wisecracking alien in ''Mork & Mindy''; in this film he played an inspirational teacher in a dramatic story about conformity and rebellion at an exclusive New England prep school in the 1950s. The film was nominated for four Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director for Weir, and launched the acting careers of young actors Ethan Hawke and Robert Sean Leonard. It became a major box-office hit and is without doubt one of Weir's best-known films for mainstream audiences.

Weir's first romantic comedy ''Green Card'' (1990) was another casting risk. Weir chose French screen icon Gérard Depardieu in the lead—Depardieu's first English-language role—and paired him with American actress Andie MacDowell. ''Green Card'' was a box-office hit but was regarded as less of a critical success, although it helped Depardieu's path to international fame, and Weir received an Oscar nomination for his original screenplay.

''Fearless'' (1993) returned to darker themes and starred Jeff Bridges as a man who believes he has become invincible after surviving a catastrophic air crash. Though well reviewed, particularly the performances of Bridges and Rosie Perez — who received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress. The film was also entered into the 44th Berlin International Film Festival. The film's unsettling subject matter was less appealing to large audiences than Weir's two preceding films.

After five years, Weir returned to direct his biggest success to date,''The Truman Show'' (1998), a bittersweet fantasy-satire of the media's control of life, later noted to have predated the reality TV trend begun by ''Survivor''. ''The Truman Show'' was both a box office and a critical smash, receiving glowing reviews and numerous awards, including three Academy Awards nominations, for Best Original Screenplay (by Andrew Niccol), Best Supporting Actor (Ed Harris), and Best Director for Weir himself. Again, Weir was noted to have given his star, comedian Jim Carrey, the chance to prove himself in a serious acting role. ''The Truman Show'' also included a link to the very beginning of Weir's directorial career: Australian actor Terry Camilleri, who starred in his first full-length feature, ''The Cars That Ate Paris'', appears in a cameo role.

In 2003 Weir returned to period drama with ''Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World'', starring Russell Crowe. A screen adaptation from a volume in Patrick O'Brian's blockbuster adventure series set during the Napoleonic Wars, it was well received by critics, but only mildly successful with mainstream audiences. Despite winning two Oscars (for frequent collaborator Russell Boyd's cinematography, and for sound effects editing) and another Best Picture nomination, its audience acceptance ($93 million at the North American Box Office) was moderate, considering the production values and the star power of Crowe. The film grossed slightly better overseas, gleaning an additional $114 million.

Unfinished projects and current work

In 1993 Weir spoke about making an adaptation of Thomas Keneally's novel ''The Playmaker'', focusing on the theatre profession in Australia at the turn of the 20th century, but this did not see production. In the 1990s, Weir was considered as a director for the film adaptation of Toni Morrison's novel ''Beloved'', but he was ruled out in favor of Jonathan Demme at an early stage, allegedly due to conflicts over the casting of star/producer Oprah Winfrey.

In the mid-2000s, according to The Internet Movie Database, Weir was attached as director of several other projects. He was to direct a film adaptation of William Gibson's 2003 novel ''Pattern Recognition''. He was also attached to a film adaptation of Gregory David Roberts' book ''Shantaram'', starring Johnny Depp; he left the project, which later folded in 2009. He was also planning to direct two other films: ''War Magician'' and ''Shadow Divers''. As of summer 2010 Weir had directed only one film released in the past twelve years.

Weir wrote and directed ''The Way Back'', which was released in late 2010.

Themes and celebrity

Although Peter Weir's films are extremely varied in subject, locale and genre, all are linked by Weir's enduring thematic interest, that of exploring the motivations and behavior of characters who find themselves in isolating and/or unfamiliar situations. He tends to focus on themes such as forbidden love, clash between two cultures, violence versus pacifism and conformity versus non-conformity.

His films typically involve a juxtaposition between macrocosm and microcosm, depicting the transformation of the central character/s following their introduction to a testing situation. This basic mise-en-scene has been variously enacted in Weir's films through dangerous situations (''The Cars That Ate Paris'', ''Gallipoli'', ''Master & Commander''), enclosed, constrictive or repressive social milieus (''Homesdale'', ''Picnic at Hanging Rock'', ''Dead Poets Society'', ''The Truman Show'', ''Witness''), foreign cultures (''The Year Of Living Dangerously'', ''Green Card'', ''Mosquito Coast''), unfamiliar customs (''The Last Wave'', ''Mosquito Coast'', ''Witness''), or confrontations with a new way of comprehending the world (''The Last Wave'', ''Dead Poets Society'', ''Fearless'', ''The Truman Show'').

Despite his international success and celebrity, Weir has a relatively low personal profile; he has maintained close connections with his home city and on several occasions he has returned to Green Valley, the suburb where his early CFU documentary was set. There he has been closely involved in programs designed to teach filmmaking skills to disadvantaged young people. In April 2005 Weir returned to Sydney and reunited with the stars of ''Gallipoli'' to celebrate the film's release on DVD.

Filmography

Feature films

''The Cars That Ate Paris'' (aka ''The Cars That Eat People'') (1974)

''Picnic at Hanging Rock'' (1975)

''The Last Wave'' (1977)

''Gallipoli'' (1981)

''The Year of Living Dangerously'' (1982)

''Witness'' (1985)

''The Mosquito Coast'' (1986)

''Dead Poets Society'' (1989)

''Green Card'' (1990)

''Fearless'' (1993)

''The Truman Show'' (1998)

''Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World'' (2003)

''The Way Back'' (2010)

Short films

''Three to Go'' (1969) (segment "Michael")

''Homesdale'' (1971)

''Three Directions In Pop Music'' (1971)

''Incredible Floridas'' (1972)

TV work

''Man on a Green Bike'' (1969)

''The Plumber'' (1978)

References

Further reading

Peter Weir Pays Witness To The Amish – 27 January 1985

Peter Weir: In a Class by Himself – 4 June 1989

Poetry Man – ''Premiere'' magazine Interview – July 1989

A Director Asks for Odd and Gets It – 13 October 1993

Staring Death in the Face – 17 October 1993

Weir'd Tales – An interview with Peter Weir – 1994

A Weir'd Experience – 20 April 1998

Director Tries a Fantasy As He Questions Reality – 21 May 1998

Interview – Peter Weir – 3 June 1998

More to Digest than Popcorn: An Interview with Peter Weir – 4 June 1998

Peter Weir: The Hollywood Interview – 15 March 2008

Uncommon Man – The ''DGA Quarterly'' Interview – Summer 2010

External links

Peter Weir's 2010 David Lean lecture at BAFTA

Peter Weir Cave (unofficial Peter Weir site)

Photo of Peter Weir at the 76th Annual Academy Awards

Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database

Peter Weir at the National Film and Sound Archive

Category:1944 births Category:Australian film directors Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Living people Category:Members of the Order of Australia Category:People from Sydney Category:University of Sydney alumni

da:Peter Weir de:Peter Weir el:Πίτερ Γουίαρ es:Peter Weir eu:Peter Weir fa:پیتر ویر fr:Peter Weir id:Peter Weir it:Peter Weir he:פיטר ויר la:Petrus Weir nl:Peter Weir ja:ピーター・ウィアー nds:Peter Weir pl:Peter Weir pt:Peter Weir ru:Уир, Питер fi:Peter Weir sv:Peter Weir tr:Peter Weir

Coordinates	38°37′38″N90°11′52″N
birth name	Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt
birth date	August 12, 1975
birth place	Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States
occupation	Actor
years active	1988–present
spouse	Summer Phoenix (2006–present)
children	2: Indiana (born 2004) Atticus (born 2008) }}

Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt (born August 12, 1975), best known as Casey Affleck is an American actor and film director. Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, he played supporting roles in mainstream hits like ''Good Will Hunting'' (1997) and ''Ocean's Eleven'' (2001) as well as in critically acclaimed independent films such as ''Chasing Amy'' (1997). During this time, he became known as the younger brother of actor and director Ben Affleck, with whom he has frequently collaborated professionally. In 2007, his breakout year, Affleck gained recognition and critical acclaim for his work in ''Gone Baby Gone'' and ''The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford'', which gained him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

Early life

Affleck was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts. He is the second son of Christine Anne "Chris" (née Boldt), a school district employee and teacher, and Timothy Byers Affleck, a drug counselor, social worker, janitor, auto mechanic, bartender, and former actor with the Theater Company of Boston. Affleck has Irish, Scottish, German and English ancestry, and is a distant cousin of actor Matt Damon. He was raised in a mostly Episcopalian family. Affleck is three years younger than his brother Ben Affleck. As a child he had numerous pets, including cats, snakes, guinea pigs and turtles. Affleck went to George Washington University and later transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in physics, astronomy, and Western philosophy, but never graduated. Affleck worked sporadically on television while finishing high school and attending college during the early 1990s.

Career

Early work, 1995–2006

Affleck's first movie role was as a sociopathic teenager in Gus Van Sant's 1995 dark comedy ''To Die For'', alongside Joaquin Phoenix and Nicole Kidman. After co-starring with Halle Berry in the 1997 box office flop ''Race the Sun'', later that year, he appeared in two films featuring his brother Ben: ''Chasing Amy'' and ''Good Will Hunting''.

Affleck's next few films, the underground movie ''Desert Blue'' (1998) with Kate Hudson, the black comedy ''Drowning Mona'' (1999) with Bette Midler, Jamie Lee Curtis, Neve Campbell, and Danny DeVito, and the 2001 horror movie ''Soul Survivors'' (co-starring Luke Wilson) were all critical as well as commercial failures.

In 2001, Affleck became part of an ensemble cast in the re-make of the Rat Pack movie ''Ocean's Eleven'', directed by Steven Soderbergh. Supporting the star leads, George Clooney and Brad Pitt, Affleck played Virgil Malloy, one of the pair of Mormon brothers hired to drive the getaway vehicle. Affleck reprised this character in two sequels, ''Ocean's Twelve'' (2004) and ''Ocean's Thirteen'' (2007). In the third installment of the trilogy, several scenes are set in Mexico and he has extended dialogue in Spanish. Affleck lived in Mexico as a child and speaks Spanish fluently.

Affleck co-wrote the screenplay for the 2002 film ''Gerry'' with Gus Van Sant and Matt Damon. The film, about two men who get lost while hiking in the desert, received mixed reviews; after premiering at the Sundance film festival, it got only a limited release in the United States in 2003. In 2006, Affleck featured in ''Lonesome Jim'' and ''The Last Kiss'', where he plays a friend of Zach Braff's character. He then made a cameo in the Joaquin Phoenix-directed video "Tired of Being Sorry" for Balthazar Getty's band Ringside.

Breakthrough, 2007–present

In 2007, Affleck starred in the Western ''The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford'', playing Robert Ford opposite Brad Pitt's Jesse James. For his performance, he received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture, a nomination for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role - Motion Picture, and an Oscar nomination for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role. ''Entertainment Weekly'' observed that "a revelatory Casey Affleck brings Ford to life with a mature sense of an underling's craven, fawning petulance." Other reviewers praised Affleck for being "terrific" and a "real revelation" while making "an indelible impression as the insecure, physically unprepossessing weakling." The film's director, Andrew Dominik, said that Affleck was so good in the role partly because, like Ford, he “knows what it’s like to live in somebody’s shadow,” referring to Affleck's older brother.

Affleck also played his first leading man in a mainstream production in 2007. He starred in the Boston crime thriller ''Gone Baby Gone'' as the protagonist, Patrick Kenzie. Directed, produced, and co-written by Ben Affleck, the film was critically acclaimed and earned Casey further plaudits for his acting. ''The Boston Globe'' commented, "I'd never stopped to consider Casey Affleck as a movie star before, but under his big brother's tutelage, he blooms as a leading man of richly watchable savvy and intelligence." The ''New York'' magazine similarly praised Affleck's portrayal of the tough private detective and concluded, "Casey Affleck has never had a pedestal like the one his brother provides him, and he earns it. His Patrick is pale and raspy ... He’s not physically imposing, but he reels off four-letter words so fast that it leaves his bigger and more dangerous opponents staring in disbelief."

In 2010 Affleck released his first major directorial effort, ''I'm Still Here'', a mockumentary about the musical career of his friend and brother-in-law Joaquin Phoenix, who attempted to live a lifestyle of a rapper in one year. After much speculation, Affleck admitted shortly after the film's release that Phoenix's role was a "performance" rather than genuine behavior, stating that he "never intended to trick anybody", rather, the production was a work of "gonzo filmmaking" inspired by journalists such as Hunter S Thompson.

Next, Affleck teamed with Jessica Alba and Kate Hudson in ''The Killer Inside Me'' (2010), a film adaptation of the 1952 novel of the same name. In January 2010, ''The Killer Inside Me'' premiered at the Sundance Film Festival, where it was received poorly by many critics and created controversy due to its graphic portrayal of violence against women, which prompted many viewers to walk out of the screening, including Jessica Alba herself. However critics generally praised Affleck's performance as a serial killer.

Affleck is scheduled to play the lead role in Ridley Scott's upcoming production "The Kind One", a period noir drama, set for release in 2012.

Personal life

Affleck married Summer Phoenix, his girlfriend of six years, on June 3, 2006 in Savannah, Georgia. The couple were introduced by her brother, Joaquin. The couple have two sons, Indiana August, who was born on May 31, 2004 in Amsterdam, and Atticus, who was born in January 2008.

Affleck is involved with many animal rights movements and campaigns for PETA and Farm Sanctuary. He is a vegan, and thus, does not eat "meat or any other animal products." Affleck is fluent in Spanish and resides in Los Angeles and Winter Park, Florida with his family.

In 2010, Affleck was sued by two former female co-workers for sexual harassment; the cases were settled out of court.

Filmography

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- |1988 |''Lemon Sky'' |Jerry |TV |- |1990 |''The Kennedys of Massachusetts'' |Robert Kennedy (12–15) |TV mini-series |- |1995 |''To Die For'' |Russel Hines | |- |1996 |''Race the Sun'' |Daniel Webster | |- |rowspan=2|1997 |''Chasing Amy'' |Little Kid | |- |''Good Will Hunting'' |Morgan O'Mally | |- |1998 |''Desert Blue'' |Pete Kepler | |- |rowspan=3|1999 |''200 Cigarettes'' |Tom | |- |''American Pie'' |Tom Myers |Uncredited |- |''Floating'' |Prep #1 | |- |rowspan=4|2000 |''Drowning Mona'' |Bobby Calzone | |- |''Committed'' |Jay | |- |''Hamlet'' |Fortinbras | |- |''Attention Shoppers'' |Jed | |- |rowspan=3|2001 |''Ocean's Eleven'' |Virgil Malloy |Nominated — MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen TeamNominated — Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Cast |- |''American Pie 2'' |Tom Myers | |- |''Soul Survivors'' |Sean | |- |2002 |''Gerry'' |Gerry |Also Screenwriter |- |2004 |''Ocean's Twelve'' |Virgil Malloy | |- |2005 |''Lonesome Jim'' |Jim | |- |2006 |''The Last Kiss'' |Chris | |- |rowspan=3|2007 |''Ocean's Thirteen'' |Virgil Malloy |Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Chemistry |- |''The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford'' |Robert Ford |International Cinephile Society Award for Best Supporting ActorNational Board of Review Award for Best Supporting ActorNational Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting ActorSan Francisco Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting ActorSatellite Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion PictureSt. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — Chlotrudis Award for Best ActorNominated — Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion PictureNominated — Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — London Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the YearNominated — Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role - Motion PictureRunner-up — Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorRunner-up — Utah Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated — Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor |- |''Gone Baby Gone'' |Patrick Kenzie |Prism Award for Best Performance in a Feature FilmNominated — Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best ActorNominated — Irish Film & Television Award for Best International Actor |- |rowspan=2|2010 |''The Killer Inside Me'' |Lou Ford | |- | ''I'm Still Here'' |Louis Adams | Directorial debut film |- |2011 | ''Tower Heist'' |Cole Howard | |- |rowspan=2|2012 | ''Cogan's Trade'' | | |- |''The Kind One'' |Danny Landon | |}

References

External links

Casey Affleck Exclusive Interview on peta2

Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:American stage actors Category:American vegans Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of German descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American people of Scottish descent Category:American Episcopalians Category:Columbia University alumni Category:Actors from Massachusetts Category:People from Falmouth, Massachusetts Category:People from Cambridge, Massachusetts Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:Animal rights advocates Category:People from Winter Park, Florida

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Coordinates	38°37′38″N90°11′52″N
bgcolour	silver
name	Jackson Pollock
birth name	Paul Jackson Pollock
birth date	January 28, 1912
birth place	Cody, Wyoming, U.S.
death date	August 11, 1956
death place	Springs, New York, U.S.
nationality	American
field	Painter
training	Art Students League of New York
movement	Abstract expressionism
patrons	Peggy Guggenheim
influenced by	Thomas Hart Benton, Pablo Picasso
influenced	Helen Frankenthaler}}

Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956), known as Jackson Pollock, was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. During his lifetime, Pollock enjoyed considerable fame and notoriety. He was regarded as a mostly reclusive artist. He had a volatile personality, and struggled with alcoholism for most of his life. In 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner, who became an important influence on his career and on his legacy.

Pollock died at the age of 44 in an alcohol-related car accident. In December 1956, he was given a memorial retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, and a larger more comprehensive exhibition there in 1967. More recently, in 1998 and 1999, his work was honored with large-scale retrospective exhibitions at MoMA and at The Tate in London.

In 2000, Pollock was the subject of an Academy Award–winning film ''Pollock'' directed by and starring Ed Harris.

Early life

Pollock was born in Cody, Wyoming in 1912, the youngest of five sons. His parents, Stella May McClure and Leroy Pollock, grew up in Tingley, Iowa. His father had been born ''McCoy'' but took the surname of his neighbors, who adopted him after his own parents had died within a year of each other. Stella and LeRoy Pollock were Presbyterian; the former, Irish; the latter, Scotch-Irish. LeRoy Pollock was a farmer and later a land surveyor for the government. Jackson grew up in Arizona and Chico, California. While living in Echo Park, California, he enrolled at Los Angeles' Manual Arts High School, from which he was expelled, after having been expelled another high school in 1928. During his early life, he experienced Native American culture while on surveying trips with his father. In 1930, following his brother Charles Pollock, he moved to New York City where they both studied under Thomas Hart Benton at the Art Students League of New York. Benton's rural American subject matter shaped Pollock's work only fleetingly, but his rhythmic use of paint and his fierce independence were more lasting influences. From 1938 to 1942, Pollock worked for the WPA Federal Art Project.

In attempts to fight his alcoholism, from 1938 through 1941 Pollock underwent Jungian psychotherapy with Dr. Joseph Henderson and later with Dr. Violet Staub de Laszlo in 1941-1942. Henderson made the decision to engage him through his art and had Pollock make drawings, which led to the appearance of many Jungian concepts in his paintings. Recently it has been hypothesized that Pollock might have had bipolar disorder.

The Springs period and the unique technique

In October 1945 Pollock married American painter Lee Krasner, and in November they moved to what is now known as the Pollock-Krasner House and Studio, at 830 Springs Fireplace Road, in Springs on Long Island, NY. Peggy Guggenheim lent them the down payment for the wood-frame house with a nearby barn that Pollock converted into a studio. There he perfected the technique of working with paint with which he became permanently identified.

Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936 at an experimental workshop operated in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros. He later used paint pouring as one of several techniques on canvases of the early 1940s, such as "Male and Female" and "Composition with Pouring I." After his move to Springs, he began painting with his canvases laid out on the studio floor, and he developed what was later called his "drip" technique, turning to synthetic resin-based paints called alkyd enamels, which, at that time, was a novel medium. Pollock described this use of household paints, instead of artist’s paints, as "a natural growth out of a need." He used hardened brushes, sticks, and even basting syringes as paint applicators. Pollock's technique of pouring and dripping paint is thought to be one of the origins of the term action painting. With this technique, Pollock was able to achieve a more immediate means of creating art, the paint now literally flowing from his chosen tool onto the canvas. By defying the convention of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions. One possible influence on Pollock was the work of the Ukrainian American artist Janet Sobel (1894–1968) (born Jennie Lechovsky). Sobel's work is related to the so-called "drip paintings" of Jackson Pollock. Peggy Guggenheim included Sobel's work in her The Art of This Century Gallery in 1945. The critic Clement Greenberg, with Jackson Pollock, saw Sobel's work there in 1946, and in his essay "American-Type' Painting" Greenberg cited those works as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen, stating that "Pollock admitted that these pictures had made an impression on him".

In the process of making paintings in this way, he moved away from figurative representation, and challenged the Western tradition of using easel and brush. He also moved away from the use of only the hand and wrist, since he used his whole body to paint. In 1956, ''Time'' magazine dubbed Pollock "Jack the Dripper" as a result of his unique painting style.

"My painting does not come from the easel. I prefer to tack the unstretched canvas to the hard wall or the floor. I need the resistance of a hard surface. On the floor I am more at ease. I feel nearer, more part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, work from the four sides and literally be ''in'' the painting.

"I continue to get further away from the usual painter's tools such as easel, palette, brushes, etc. I prefer sticks, trowels, knives and dripping fluid paint or a heavy impasto with sand, broken glass or other foreign matter added.

"When I am ''in'' my painting, I'm not aware of what I'm doing. It is only after a sort of 'get acquainted' period that I see what I have been about. I have no fear of making changes, destroying the image, etc., because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well.

-- Jackson Pollock, ''My Painting'', 1956

Pollock observed Indian sandpainting demonstrations in the 1940s. Other influences on his dripping technique include the Mexican muralists and Surrealist automatism. Pollock denied "the accident"; he usually had an idea of how he wanted a particular piece to appear. His technique combined the movement of his body, over which he had control, the viscous flow of paint, the force of gravity, and the absorption of paint into the canvas. It was a mixture of controllable and uncontrollable factors. Flinging, dripping, pouring, and spattering, he would move energetically around the canvas, almost as if in a dance, and would not stop until he saw what he wanted to see.

Studies by Taylor, Micolich and Jonas have examined Pollock's technique and have determined that some works display the properties of mathematical fractals. They assert that the works become more fractal-like chronologically through Pollock's career. The authors even speculate that Pollock may have had an intuition of the nature of chaotic motion, and attempted to form a representation of mathematical chaos, more than ten years before "Chaos Theory" itself was proposed. Other experts suggest that Pollock may have merely imitated popular theories of the time in order to give his paintings a depth not previously seen.

In 1950, Hans Namuth, a young photographer, wanted to take pictures (both stills and moving) of Pollock at work. Pollock promised to start a new painting especially for the photographic session, but when Namuth arrived, Pollock apologized and told him the painting was finished. Namuth's comment upon entering the studio:

The 1950s

Pollock's most famous paintings were made during the "drip period" between 1947 and 1950. He rocketed to popular status following an August 8, 1949 four-page spread in ''Life'' magazine that asked, "Is he the greatest living painter in the United States?" At the peak of his fame, Pollock abruptly abandoned the drip style.

Pollock's work after 1951 was darker in color, including a collection painted in black on unprimed canvases. This was followed by a return to color, and he reintroduced figurative elements. During this period Pollock had moved to a more commercial gallery and there was great demand from collectors for new paintings. In response to this pressure, along with personal frustration, his alcoholism deepened.

From naming to numbering

Pollock wanted an end to the viewer's search for representational elements in his paintings, and so he abandoned titles and started numbering the paintings instead. Of this, Pollock commented: "...look passively and try to receive what the painting has to offer and not bring a subject matter or preconceived idea of what they are to be looking for." Pollock's wife, Lee Krasner, said Pollock "used to give his pictures conventional titles... but now he simply numbers them. Numbers are neutral. They make people look at a picture for what it is - pure painting."

Death

In 1955, Pollock painted ''Scent'' and ''Search'' which would be his last two paintings. Pollock did not paint at all in 1956. After struggling with alcoholism for his entire adult life, Pollock, on August 11, 1956, at 10:15 pm, died in a single-car crash in his Oldsmobile convertible while driving under the influence of alcohol. One of the passengers, Edith Metzger, was also killed in the accident, which occurred less than a mile from Pollock's home. The other passenger, Pollock's mistress Ruth Kligman, survived. After Pollock's demise at age 44, his widow, Lee Krasner, managed his estate and ensured that Pollock's reputation remained strong despite changing art-world trends. They are buried in Green River Cemetery in Springs with a large boulder marking his grave and a smaller one marking hers.

Legacy

The Pollock-Krasner House and Studio is owned and administered by the Stony Brook Foundation, a non-profit affiliate of Stony Brook University. Regular tours of the house and studio occur from May through October.

A separate organization, the Pollock-Krasner Foundation, was established in 1985. The Foundation functions as the official Estate for both Pollock and his widow Lee Krasner, but also, under the terms of Krasner's will, serves "to assist individual working artists of merit with financial need." The U.S. copyright representative for the Pollock-Krasner Foundation is the Artists Rights Society (ARS).

His papers were donated by Lee Krasner in 1983 to the Archives of American Art. They were later included with Lee Krasner's own papers. The Archives of American Art also houses the Charles Pollock Papers which includes correspondence, photographs, and other files relating to his brother, Jackson Pollock.

Pollock in pop culture & news

In 1960, Ornette Coleman's album ''Free Jazz'' featured a Pollock painting as its cover artwork.

In 1973, Blue Poles ''(Blue Poles: Number 11, 1952),'' was purchased by the Australian Whitlam Government for the National Gallery of Australia for US $2 million (AU $1.3 million at the time of payment). At the time, this was the highest price ever paid for a modern painting. In the conservative climate of the time, the purchase created a political and media scandal. The painting is now one of the most popular exhibits in the gallery, and is thought to be worth between $100 and $150 million, according to 2006 estimates. It was a centerpiece of the Museum of Modern Art's 1998 retrospective in New York, the first time the painting had returned to America since its purchase.

British indie band the Stone Roses were heavily influenced by Pollock, with their cover artwork being pastiches of his work.

In 1999 a CD titled ''Jackson Pollock Jazz'' was released and only available at the MOMA. The CD had 17 tracks with selections from Pollock's personal collection of jazz records. The CD has been discontinued.

In 2000, the biographical film ''Pollock'' was released. Marcia Gay Harden won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Lee Krasner. The movie was the project of Ed Harris who portrayed Pollock and directed it. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.

In 2003, twenty-four Pollock-esque paintings and drawings were found in a Wainscott, New York locker. There is an inconclusive ongoing debate about whether or not these works are Pollock originals. Physicists have argued over whether fractals can be used to authenticate the paintings. This would require an analysis of geometric consistency of the paint splatters in Pollock's work at a microscopic level, and would be measured against the finding that patterns in Pollock's paintings increased in complexity with time. Analysis of the synthetic pigments shows that some were not patented until the 1980s, and therefore that it is highly improbable that Pollock could have used such paints.

In November 2006, Pollock's ''No. 5, 1948'' became the world's most expensive painting, when it was sold privately to an undisclosed buyer for the sum of $140,000,000. The previous owner was film and music-producer David Geffen. It is rumored that the current owner is a German businessman and art collector.

Also in 2006 a documentary, ''Who the #$&% Is Jackson Pollock?'' was made concerning Teri Horton, a truck driver who in 1992 bought an abstract painting for the price of five dollars at a thrift store in California. This work may be a lost Pollock painting. If so it would potentially be worth millions; its authenticity, however, remains debated.

In September 2009, Henry Adams claimed in Smithsonian Magazine that Pollock had written his name in his famous painting "Mural"

Relationship to Native American art

Pollock stated: “I feel nearer, more a part of the painting, since this way I can walk round it, work from the four sides and literally be in the painting. This is akin to the methods of the Indian sand painters of the West.”

Critical debate

Pollock's work has always polarized critics and has been the focus of many important critical debates.

In a famous 1952 article in ''ARTnews'', Harold Rosenberg coined the term "action painting," and wrote that "what was to go on the canvas was not a picture but an event. The big moment came when it was decided to paint 'just to paint.' The gesture on the canvas was a gesture of liberation from value — political, aesthetic, moral." Many people assumed that he had modeled his "action painter" paradigm on Pollock.

Clement Greenberg supported Pollock's work on formalistic grounds. It fit well with Greenberg's view of art history as a progressive purification in form and elimination of historical content. He therefore saw Pollock's work as the best painting of its day and the culmination of the Western tradition going back via Cubism and Cézanne to Manet.

The critic Robert Coates once derided a number of Pollock’s works as “mere unorganized explosions of random energy, and therefore meaningless.”

Some posthumous exhibitions of Pollock's work were sponsored by the Congress for Cultural Freedom, an organization to promote American culture and values backed by the CIA. Certain left-wing scholars, most prominently Eva Cockcroft, argue that the U.S. government and wealthy elite embraced Pollock and abstract expressionism in order to place the United States firmly in the forefront of global art and devalue socialist realism. In the words of Cockcroft, Pollock became a "weapon of the Cold War".

Painter Norman Rockwell's work ''Connoisseur'' also appears to make a commentary on the Pollock style. The painting features what seems to be a rather upright man in a suit standing in front of a Jackson Pollock-like spatter painting.

''Reynold's News'' in a 1959 headline said, "This is not art — it's a joke in bad taste."

List of major works

(1942) ''Male and Female'' Philadelphia Museum of Art (1942) ''Stenographic Figure'' Museum of Modern Art (1943) ''Mural'' University of Iowa Museum of Art, currently housed at the Figge Art Museum (1943) ''Moon-Woman Cuts the Circle'' (1943) ''The She-Wolf'' Museum of Modern Art (1943) ''Blue (Moby Dick)'' Ohara Museum of Art (1945) ''Troubled Queen'' Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1946) ''Eyes in the Heat'' Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice (1946) ''The Key'' Art Institute of Chicago (1946) ''The Tea Cup'' Collection Frieder Burda (1946) ''Shimmering Substance'', from ''The Sounds In The Grass'' Museum of Modern Art (1947) ''Portrait of H.M.'' University of Iowa Museum of Art, currently housed at the Figge Art Museum (1947) ''Full Fathom Five'' Museum of Modern Art (1947) ''Cathedral'' Dallas Museum of Art (1947) ''Enchanted Forest'' Peggy Guggenheim Collection (1947) ''Lucifer'' Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts (1948) ''Painting''

(1948) ''Number 5'' (4 ft x 8 ft) Private collection

(1948) ''Number 8''- At Neuburger Museum at the State University of New York at Purchase.

(1948) ''Composition (White, Black, Blue and Red on White)'' New Orleans Museum of Art

(1948) ''Summertime: Number 9A'' Tate Modern

(1949) ''Number 1'' Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles

(1949) ''Number 3''

(1949) ''Number 10'' Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1950) ''Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist)'' National Gallery of Art (1950) ''Mural on indian red ground, 1950'' Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art (1950) ''Autumn Rhythm (Number 30), 1950'' Metropolitan Museum of Art (1950) ''Number 29, 1950'' National Gallery of Canada (1950) ''One: Number 31, 1950'' Museum of Modern Art (1950) ''No. 32'' (1951) ''Number 7'' National Gallery of Art

(1951) ''Black & White''

(1952) ''Convergence'' Albright-Knox Art Gallery (1952) ''Blue Poles: No. 11, 1952'' National Gallery of Australia (1953) ''Portrait and a Dream'' Dallas Museum of Art (1953) ''Easter and the Totem'' The Museum of Modern Art (1953) ''Ocean Greyness''

(1953) ''The Deep''

Influence

Pollock's staining into raw canvas was adapted by Color Field painters Helen Frankenthaler and Morris Louis. Frank Stella made allover composition a hallmark of his works of the 1960s. Happenings artist Allan Kaprow, sculptors Richard Serra, Eva Hesse and many contemporary artists have retained Pollock’s emphasis on the process of creation and were influenced by his approach to making art, rather than by the look of his work.

See also

All-over painting

References

External links

Pollock-Krasner House and Study Center

Pollock-Krasner Foundation

Pollock collection at Guggenheim NY site

Jackson Pollock at The Art Story Foundation

Pollock on Museum Web Paris

Pollock and The Law

National Gallery of Art web feature, includes highlights of Pollock's career, numerous examples of his work, photographs and motion footage of Pollock, plus an in-depth discussion of his 1950 painting ''Lavender Mist''.

''Blue Poles'' at the NGA

''One. Number 31, 1950'' smARThistory

Jackson Pollock's Number One 1948; How Can We Be Abandoned and Accurate at the Same Time? by Lore Mariano

Fractal Expressionism – the fractal qualities of Pollock's drip paintings.

Understanding Abstract Art by Harley Hahn

Ed Pilkington, ''Pollock cache may have been painted after artist's death,'' The Guardian, November 30, 2007

Jackson Pollock Papers at the Smithsonian's Archives of American Art

Works by Jackson Pollock (public domain in Canada)

Museums

Pollock collection at Guggenheim NY site

Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Los Angeles, California

Museum of Contemporary Art (MoCA), Los Angeles, California

Jackson Pollock at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem

Notes

Category:1912 births Category:1956 deaths Category:20th-century painters Category:Abstract expressionist artists Category:American painters Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American people of Scotch-Irish descent Category:Art Students League of New York alumni Category:Artists from New York Category:Artists from Wyoming Category:East Hampton (town), New York Category:Federal Art Project Category:People from Chico, California Category:People from Park County, Wyoming Category:People of the New Deal arts projects Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Road accident deaths in New York Category:Archives of American Art related Category:People from Echo Park, Los Angeles

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Coordinates	38°37′38″N90°11′52″N
birthname	Amy Marie Madigan
birth date	September 11, 1950
birth place	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
spouse	Ed Harris (1983–present)
occupation	Actress
yearsactive	1981 – present }}

Amy Marie Madigan (born September 11, 1950) is an American actress who is known for her role as Annie Kinsella in the 1989 film ''Field of Dreams'' and Iris Crowe in the HBO television series ''Carnivale''.

Career

Madigan was nominated for an Oscar for her performance in the 1985 film ''Twice in a Lifetime''. From 2003 to 2005, she starred in the HBO series ''Carnivàle'' as Iris Crowe, the sister of sinister preacher Brother Justin Crowe (Clancy Brown). Madigan also played keyboard, percussion, and vocals behind Steve Goodman on tour throughout the late '70s. Later she briefly recorded with Danny Sheridan's Eli Radish Band replacing former Pure Prairie League vocalist Starr Smith. She was (with singers Fred Bliffert and Jesse Roe) one-third of the group Jelly whose only album, A True Story, was released by Asylum in 1977. At the 71st Academy Awards, Madigan was one of several performers who refused to applaud Elia Kazan, due to his controversial activities during his career.

Madigan appeared in four episodes of Season 3 of Fringe as Olivia's mother.

Personal

Madigan has been married to actor Ed Harris since Monday, November 21, 1983. The couple have one child together, a daughter, Lilly born on Monday, May 3, 1993.

Selected credits

''Love Child'' (1982)

''Victims'' (1982)

''The Day After'' (1983)

''Places in the Heart'' (1984)

''Streets of Fire'' (1984)

''Alamo Bay'' (1985)

''The Laundromat'' (1985)

''Twice in a Lifetime'' (1985)

''Nowhere to Hide'' (1987)

''Field of Dreams'' (1989)

''Uncle Buck'' (1989)

''The Prince of Pennsylvania'' (1989)

''The Dark Half'' (1993)

''And Then There was One (film)'' (1994)

''Riders of the Purple Sage'' (1996)

''Female Perversions'' (1996)

''A Bright Shining Lie (1998) (TV Film)

''Having Our Say: The Delany Sisters' First 100 Years'' (1999)

''A Time for Dancing'' (2000)

''Pollock'' (2000)

''Just a Dream'' (2002)

''The Laramie Project'' (2002)

''Carnivàle'' (2003–2005)

''The Discontents'' (2004)

''In the Land of Milk and Money'' (2004)

''Winter Passing'' (2005)

''Gone Baby Gone'' (2007)

''Criminal Minds'' (2007)

''Living Proof'' (2008)

''Grey's Anatomy'' (2008–2009)

''ER'' (2009)

''Law & Order'' (2010)

''Fringe (TV series)'' (2010)

''That's What I Am'' (2011)

''Memphis Beat'' (2011)

Awards and nominations

{| style="font-size: 90%;" class="wikitable" |- ! Year !! Group!! Award !! Film or television show !! Result |- |1983 || Golden Globe Award || New Star of the Year in a Motion Picture - Female || ''Love Child'' || style="background: #ffdddd" | Nominated |- |1986 || Golden Globe Award || Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture || ''Twice in a Lifetime'' || style="background: #ffdddd" | Nominated |- |1990 || Golden Globe Award || Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV || ''Roe v. Wade'' || style="background: #ddffdd" | Won |- |1986 || Academy Award || Best Actress in a Supporting Role || ''Twice in a Lifetime'' || style="background: #ffdddd" | Nominated |- |1985 || CableACE Awards || Actress in a Theatrical or Dramatic Special || ''The Laundromat'' || style="background: #ddffdd" | Won |- |1995 || CableACE Awards || Actress in a Movie or Miniseries|| ''And Then There Was One'' || style="background: #ddffdd" | Won |- |1989 || Emmy Award || Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Special || ''Roe v. Wade'' || style="background: #ffdddd" | Nominated |- |1989 || Independent Spirit Awards || Best Supporting Female || ''The Prince of Pennsylvania'' || style="background: #ffdddd" | Nominated |- |1998 || Independent Spirit Awards || Best Supporting Female || ''Loved'' || style="background: #ffdddd" | Nominated |- |1999 || Satellite Awards || Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television || ''A Bright Shining Lie'' || style="background: #ffdddd" | Nominated |- |2003 || Satellite Awards || Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Miniseries or a Motion Picture Made for Television || ''Just a Dream'' || style="background: #ffdddd" | Nominated |- |2004 || Satellite Awards || Best Performance by an Actress in a Series, Drama || ''Carnivàle'' || style="background: #ffdddd" | Nominated |}

References

External links

Category:1950 births Category:Living people Category:People from Chicago, Illinois Category:Actors from Chicago, Illinois Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (television) winners Category:Marquette University alumni Category:Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute alumni Category:Roosevelt University alumni

de:Amy Madigan fr:Amy Madigan it:Amy Madigan he:אמי מאדיגן nl:Amy Madigan ja:エイミー・マディガン no:Amy Madigan pl:Amy Madigan ru:Мэдиган, Эми sv:Amy Madigan tl:Amy Madigan