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Peacekeeping
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Gita Sahgal
Gita Sahgal, born in Bombay, India, is a writer and journalist on issues of feminism, fundamentalism, and racism, a director of prize-winning documentary films, and a women's rights and human rights activist.
http://wn.com/Gita_Sahgal -
Jean-Marie Guéhenno
Jean-Marie Guéhenno (born 30 October 1949 in Paris) is a former French diplomat. He served as the United Nations' Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations. Guéhenno was appointed to the position in 2000 and retired in August 2008. He is a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution and the NYU Center on International Cooperation. He currently serves as the Director of the Center for International Conflict Resolution at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs.
http://wn.com/Jean-Marie_Guéhenno -
Korean War
The Korean War (1950–armistice, 1953) was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China (PRC), with air support from the Soviet Union. The war began on 25 June 1950 and an armistice was signed on 27 July 1953. The war was a result of the political division of Korea by agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War. The Korean peninsula had been ruled by Japan from 1910 until the end of World War II. In 1945, following the surrender of Japan, American administrators divided the peninsula along the 38th Parallel, with United States troops occupying the southern part and Soviet troops occupying the northern part.
http://wn.com/Korean_War -
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom () (born December 29, 1937) was President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Transport, he was elected as President by the Majlis and succeeded Ibrahim Nasir on November 11, 1978. He eventually became the longest-ruling head of government in Asia. After 30 years in office, Gayoom was defeated in the October 2008 presidential election and was succeeded by the opposition leader, Mohamed Nasheed of the Maldivian Democratic Party on November 11, 2008 - exactly 30 years to the day he first came to power. Gayoom also served as the leader of the Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party from 2005 to 2010. Remaining as the opposition leader from November 2008 onwards, in January 2010 Gayoom retired from active politics and was bestowed with the title of "Zaeem" (Honorary Leader) by the third congress of the DRP.
http://wn.com/Maumoon_Abdul_Gayoom -
Moise Tshombe
Moïse Kapenda Tshombe (November 10, 1919 – June 29, 1969) was a Congolese politician.
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Romeo Dallaire
http://wn.com/Romeo_Dallaire -
Srebrenica massacre
The Srebrenica massacre, also known as the Srebrenica genocide, refers to the July 1995 killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys, as well as the ethnic cleansing of another 25,000–30,000 refugees, in and around the town of Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by units of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) under the command of General Ratko Mladić during the Bosnian War. A paramilitary unit from Serbia known as the Scorpions, officially part of the Serbian Interior Ministry until 1991, participated in the massacre. It is alleged that foreign volunteers including the Greek Volunteer Guard also participated.
http://wn.com/Srebrenica_massacre -
UN Charter
http://wn.com/UN_Charter
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Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic (, ), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
http://wn.com/Argentina -
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (; , '), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ ') is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma (Myanmar) to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. Together with the Indian state of West Bengal, it makes up the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. The name Bangladesh means "Country of Bengal" in the official Bengali language.
http://wn.com/Bangladesh -
Cambodia
The "Kingdom of Cambodia" "Royaume du Cambodge" (official name), also known as Cambodia, derived from Sanskrit Kambujadesa ()), is a country in Southeast Asia that borders Thailand to the west and northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The geography of Cambodia is dominated by rivers and a lake namely: The Mekong River (Upper and Lower) (Khmer: ទន្លេមេគង្គ Tonlé Mékong Pronounced: Tonlé Mékung = Mother Water River), Sab River Tonlé Sap (Khmer: ទន្លេសាប Pronounced: Tonlé Sab = Fresh Water River), Bassac River Tonlé Bassac (Khmer: ទន្លេបាសាក់ Pronounced: Tonlé Bassuck = ?)
http://wn.com/Cambodia -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
Cyprus
Cyprus (; , Kýpros, ; ), – officially the Republic of Cyprus (, Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía, ; ) – is a Eurasian island country in the Eastern Mediterranean, south of Turkey and west of Syria and Lebanon. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of its most popular tourist destinations. An advanced, high-income economy with a very high Human Development Index, the Republic of Cyprus was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004.
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Egypt
Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
http://wn.com/Egypt -
El Gorah
El Gorah is a locale in northeastern Sinai, in Egypt, approximately 16 kilometers from the Israeli border and 37 km south east of El Arish. The area is sparsely populated by nomads and by farmers who tend small orchards.
http://wn.com/El_Gorah -
El Salvador
El Salvador (; , literally meaning "Republic of The Savior") is the smallest and also the most densely populated country in Central America. It borders the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras. It lies on the Gulf of Fonseca, as do Honduras and Nicaragua further south.
http://wn.com/El_Salvador -
England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England -
Eritrea
Eritrea ( or ; Ge'ez: , Arabic: إرتريا Iritrīyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the North East of Africa. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The east and northeast of the country have an extensive coastline on the Red Sea, directly across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands are part of Eritrea. Its size is just under with an estimated population of 5 million.
http://wn.com/Eritrea -
Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Ethiopia -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Georgia (country)
Georgia (, sak’art’velo ; ) is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the juncture of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the east by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 km² and its population is more than 4.6 million. Georgia's constitution is that of a representative democracy, organized as a unitary, semi-presidential republic. It is currently a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Community of Democratic Choice, the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, and the Asian Development Bank. The country aspires to join NATO and the European Union.
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Ghana
The Republic of Ghana is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. The word Ghana means "Warrior King" and is derived from the ancient
http://wn.com/Ghana -
Guatemala
Guatemala (; , ) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. Its area is 108,890 km² (42,043 mi²) with an estimated population of 13,276,517.
http://wn.com/Guatemala -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India -
Israel
Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
http://wn.com/Israel -
Jordan
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Jordan -
Kosovo
Kosovo (; ) is a disputed territory in the Balkans. The partially-recognised Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës; Serbian: Република Косово, Republika Kosovo), a self-declared independent state, has de facto control over most of the territory, with North Kosovo being the largest Kosovo Serb enclave. Serbia does not recognise the unilateral secession of Kosovo and considers it a United Nations-governed entity within its sovereign territory, the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Косово и Метохија, Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo i Metohija), according to the 2006 Constitution of Serbia.
http://wn.com/Kosovo -
Maldives
The Maldives ( or ), (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ ''Dhivehi Raa'je'') or Maldive Islands, officially Republic of Maldives, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls stretching in a north-south direction off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and Chagos Archipelago. It stands in the Laccadive Sea, about seven hundred kilometers (435 mi) south-west of Sri Lanka.
http://wn.com/Maldives -
Mozambique
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique ( or República de Moçambique, ), is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Mozambique -
Nigeria
Nigeria (), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion.
http://wn.com/Nigeria -
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
http://wn.com/Nobel_Peace_Prize -
Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia -
Rwanda
The Republic of Rwanda (, , or in English, or in Kinyarwanda) is a unitary republic of central and eastern Africa. It borders Uganda to the north; Tanzania to the east; Burundi to the south; and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Rwanda is landlocked but is noted for its lakes, particularly Lake Kivu, which occupies the floor of the Rift Valley along most of the country's western border. Although close to the equator, the country has a temperate climate due to its high elevation, with the highest point being Mount Karisimbi. The terrain consists of mountains and gently rolling hills, with plains and swamps in the east. Abundant wildlife, including rare mountain gorillas, have led to a fast-growing tourism sector. The largest cities in Rwanda are Kigali, Gitarama, and Butare. Unlike many African countries, Rwanda is home to only one significant ethnic and linguistic group, the Banyarwanda. The country is well known for its native styles of dance, particularly the Intore dance, and for its drummers. Kinyarwanda, English and French are the official languages.
http://wn.com/Rwanda -
Sinai
http://wn.com/Sinai -
Sinai Peninsula
The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai; ''sīnā'a''; Hebrew סיני) is a triangular peninsula in Egypt which is about . It lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the Red Sea to the south, and is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia as opposed to Africa. In addition to its formal name, Egyptians also refer to it affectionately as the "Land of Fayrouz", based on the Ancient Egyptian "Dumafkat", which has the same meaning. The peninsula is divided into two Egyptian governorates, and has a population of approximately 1.3 million people.
http://wn.com/Sinai_Peninsula -
Somalia
Somalia ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Somalia (, ) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under communist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. With the longest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands.
http://wn.com/Somalia -
South Ossetia
South Ossetia ( or ; , Khussar Iryston; , Samxret Oseti; , Yuzhnaya Osetiya) or Tskhinvali Region (, Tsxinvalis regioni; , Tskhinvalskiy region) is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
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Srebrenica
Srebrenica (Cyrillic: Сребреница, ) is a town and municipality in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Srebrenica is a small mountain town, its main industry being salt mining and a nearby spa. During the Bosnian War, it was the site of the Srebrenica massacre, determined to have been a crime of genocide. On March 24, 2007, Srebrenica's municipal assembly adopted a resolution demanding independence from the Republika Srpska; the Serb members of the assembly did not vote on the resolution.
http://wn.com/Srebrenica -
Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
http://wn.com/Sri_Lanka -
State of Israel
http://wn.com/State_of_Israel -
Suez
Suez ( ) is a seaport town (population ca. 497,000) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez, near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boundaries as Suez governorate. It has two harbors, Port Ibrahim and Port Tawfiq, and extensive port facilities. Together they form a metropolitan area.
http://wn.com/Suez -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Uruguay
Uruguay (, ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (sometimes rendered as the Eastern Republic of Uruguay in the English language; , ), is a country located in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.4 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area. An estimated 88% of the population are of European descent.
http://wn.com/Uruguay
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- Latin American
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- mental health
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- Siege of Sarajevo
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In the cause of Peace: Honouring 60 years of UN Peacekeeping
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:32
- Published: 27 Jan 2009
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: unitednations
United Nations, January 2009 (English Video): UN peacekeeping has been developed to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace since the first mission was established in May 1948. There have been a total of 63 UN peacekeeping operations. Currently, more than 100000 military and civilian personnel serve in 20 UN peace operations worldwide. Over the years, UN peacekeeping has evolved to meet the demands of different conflicts and changing political landscapes. It has proved itself to be an efficient and cost-effective international instrument to restore peace in post-conflict situations. In addition to military functions, todays UN peacekeeping undertakes a wide variety of other complex tasks. Peacekeepers now are administrators and economists, police officers and legal experts, de-miners and electoral observers, human rights monitors and specialists in civil affairs, gender, governance, humanitarian workers and experts in communications and public information. UN peacekeeping continues to evolve, rising to meet new challenges and political realities. Honouring 60 years of UN Peacekeeping website: www.un.org
http://wn.com/In_the_cause_of_Peace_Honouring_60_years_of_UN_Peacekeeping
UN Department Of Peace Keeping Operations Nation Building Security and Rule of Law
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Published: 04 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 08 Dec 2011
- Author: IranContraScumDid911
The UN nations made the landmines and sold them to the previous military regime to use on their own soil. The "Peacekeepers" bring foreign elite controlled militant socialism to war torn nations and establish the foreign controlled department of interior and a national police force to enforce the foreign established laws, denationalize the resources then wait a few decades until it falls apart then do it again. I do not care how bad it gets in my country, I DO NOT WANT THE UN HERE EVER!!!! Foreign armies on American soil will be shot at on sight, I do not care what color your truck is, if you have guns and your uniform does not say USA you want some.
http://wn.com/UN_Department_Of_Peace_Keeping_Operations_Nation_Building_Security_and_Rule_of_Law
Inside Story - African Union: Beyond passive peacekeeping?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:16
- Published: 03 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 19 Jul 2011
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
As the AU takes on an expanded role in Somalia, we ask what this means for the war-torn country. How powerful is al-Shabab? And can the transitional government pull together at last?
http://wn.com/Inside_Story__African_Union_Beyond_passive_peacekeeping?
Let's Play Spyro the Dragon - Episode 5 - Peace Keeping
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:13
- Published: 07 Jan 2012
- Uploaded: 10 Jan 2012
- Author: DrHenryOswald
Welcome back. In this episode we travel to the second Dragon Realm of the game, The Peace Keepers. This area is a large, dry, canyon, and the inhabitants are focused on fighting and militaristic affairs. When we arrive, we head into one of my favorite levels in the game, Cliff Town. Not only is it fun to travel about, but the large chicken lady enemies that slap you silly are pretty funny! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This game was developed by Insomniac Games and was published by Sony Computer Entertainment.
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Spyro_the_Dragon__Episode_5__Peace_Keeping
South Sudan: UN rushes aid, boosts peacekeeping presence in wake of ethnic clashes
United Nations You Tube- 5 January 2012 - The United Nations is stepping up its peacekeeping presence in the troubled South Sudanese state of Jonglei in the wake of recent inter-ethnic violence that has displaced tens of thousands of people and killed an unknown number of others. Kouider Zerrouk, a spokesperson for the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), told UN Radio today that the mission is "beefing up" its presence across Jonglei to support the national Government's efforts to restore security and protect civilians. News Story: www.un.org
http://wn.com/South_Sudan_UN_rushes_aid,_boosts_peacekeeping_presence_in_wake_of_ethnic_clashes
Law. Order. Peace: UN Peacekeeping and Rule of Law
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:09
- Published: 26 May 2011
- Uploaded: 19 Nov 2011
- Author: unitednations
Rule of law assistance is an essential tool that the United Nations relies upon to help maintain peace and security around the world. This film explains the work of UN Peacekeeping in this area, specifically that of Judicial Affairs Officers, Corrections Officers and Police Officers in our current peace operations.
http://wn.com/Law_Order_Peace_UN_Peacekeeping_and_Rule_of_Law
UN Peacekeepers removed from Haiti after sexual assault charges (GRAPHIC WARNING)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Published: 05 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 08 Jan 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Haiti's President is demanding answers after an 18-year-old man alleged he was raped by UN soldiers from Uruguay. Mobile phone footage of the alleged attack has also surfaced, fueling anger in the country. Please note that Nazanin Sadri's report contains images some viewers may find disturbing.
http://wn.com/UN_Peacekeepers_removed_from_Haiti_after_sexual_assault_charges_GRAPHIC_WARNING
Peacekeeping Bombs & US Stooges in Libya
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:02
- Published: 17 May 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Dec 2011
- Author: RussiaToday
Moscow has called on the regime of Colonel Gaddafi's to stop killing civillians and observe the UN mandate in Libya. But envoys sent by Gaddafi to Moscow say they will meet thsse terms when NATO stops its bombing campaign. Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has been meeting the Libyan leader's representatives in Moscow. RT's Natalia Novikova has more. RT on Facebook: www.facebook.com RT on Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/Peacekeeping_Bombs_US_Stooges_in_Libya
Joseph Kabila, UN "PEACEKEEPING", DR Congo, & Protected Organized Crime
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Published: 17 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Dec 2011
- Author: letstalkaboutstuff
The mystery man put in power in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). So many world governments mining in the Congo, so little time. Fair use. So, is the UN the policing force for the world government level organized crime? Maybe their "look out"? For decades the UN has proven to be completely worthless and infested with sexual deviants and dishonest people. Their "official" reports have been PROVEN "inaccurate", to say the least, repeatedly. What a loser organization, ran by losers. I don't own the rights to anything you see or hear, besides, few people care about what's going on there, anyway. It's not convenient.
http://wn.com/Joseph_Kabila,_UN_PEACEKEEPING,_DR_Congo,_Protected_Organized_Crime
UN Peacekeepers Caught On Tape Sexually Abusing Male Teen In Haiti
Follow me on Facebook www.facebook.com Follow me on Twitter twitter.com Backup Channel www.youtube.com ABCNews - By ANSEL HERZ, MATTHEW MOSK and RYM MOMTAZ PORT-SALUT, Haiti, Sept. 2, 2011 Haitians in this remote seaside town are demanding an investigation into allegations that United Nations peacekeeping troops pinned down an 18-year-old Haitian man and subjected him to a humiliating sexual assault. The alleged assault occurred in July, but graphic cell phone video surfaced in recent days, showing what appears to be the four UN troops in camouflage and some wearing the trademark sky blue berets attacking the man. As the video began circulating through the coastal village, it sparked a growing sense of outrage there and prompted the victim's mother and father to seek criminal charges against the United Nations peacekeeping officers, who are from Uruguay. Both parents submitted written depositions on Wednesday in Port Salut's courthouse. A medical certificate filed with the court in Haiti and obtained by ABC News, alleges the victim was beaten and had sustained injuries consistent with having been sexually assaulted. VIDEO: UN Peacekeepers Accused of Sex Assault on Teen Word of the alleged attack quickly made its way up the chain of command at the United Nations, both in Haiti and in New York, where officials are now vowing to see the incident investigated and the alleged perpetrators brought to justice. Michel Bonnardeaux, a spokesperson for peacekeeping operations based <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/UN_Peacekeepers_Caught_On_Tape_Sexually_Abusing_Male_Teen_In_Haiti
UN marks 60 years of peacekeeping - 29 May 08
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Published: 30 May 2008
- Uploaded: 29 Sep 2011
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Al Jazeera's Ghida Fakry speaks to Jean-Marie Guehenno, the Under Secretary General for United Nations peacekeeping on whether the UN should take a more aggressive role in enforcing peace.
http://wn.com/UN_marks_60_years_of_peacekeeping__29_May_08
Slideshow: Haiti UN Peacekeeping Controversy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:53
- Published: 15 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 19 Sep 2011
- Author: ICFJournalists
UN Peacekeeping forces in Haiti are a controversial site, as this slideshow highlights.
http://wn.com/Slideshow_Haiti_UN_Peacekeeping_Controversy
Moving Fusion - Peacekeeper RAMM27
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:31
- Published: 24 Dec 2008
- Uploaded: 04 Dec 2011
- Author: DaBlazingAsian
RAMM27 More @ badassdrumnbass.wordpress.com
http://wn.com/Moving_Fusion__Peacekeeper_RAMM27
Cambodian UN Peacekeepers - Heros of Cambodia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Published: 07 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Dec 2011
- Author: Khmer96pride
Cambodian Soldiers are ready for UN Peacekeeping Missions. They left their Families to help other countries. Let share some respect to them !!!!
http://wn.com/Cambodian_UN_Peacekeepers__Heros_of_Cambodia
Peacekeeping in Mogadishu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Published: 02 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 29 Dec 2011
- Author: ROCKETBOOM
Rocketboom Field Correspondent Ruud Elmendorp videoreporter.nl reports on The African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM) peacekeeping mission en.wikipedia.org in Mogadishu, Somalia. en.wikipedia.org www.rocketboom.com Join us at Rocketboom.com for an ad free experience.
http://wn.com/Peacekeeping_in_Mogadishu
WorldLeadersTV: VIOLENCE in SOUTH SUDAN: UN PEACEKEEPING MISSION (UNMISS)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Published: 19 Dec 2011
- Uploaded: 19 Dec 2011
- Author: MaximsNewsPEOPLE
WorldLeadersTV: VIOLENCE in SOUTH SUDAN: UN PEACEKEEPING MISSION (UNMISS) unifeed111219c.mov
http://wn.com/WorldLeadersTV_VIOLENCE_in_SOUTH_SUDAN_UN_PEACEKEEPING_MISSION_UNMISS
Sri Lankan UN Peacekeeping Missions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:18
- Published: 18 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 29 Oct 2011
- Author: srilankanlion
Sri Lankan UN Peacekeeping Missions
http://wn.com/Sri_Lankan_UN_Peacekeeping_Missions
Mandated to Protect - Protection of Civilians in Peacekeeping Operations
Over the past 20 years, Protection of Civilians has moved to the forefront of the Security Council resolutions under which United Nations peacekeepers are deployed. But what exactly is meant by "protection of civilians"? How are peacekeepers meant to protect? What are the responsibilities of heads of mission and force commanders? How are we to counter crimes against women and children who have become weapons of war? These and other questions are addressed in this program which features contributions from United Nations personnel, military, police and civilian peacekeepers, as well as representatives from international non-governmental organisations around the world with vast experience in the Protection of Civilians in the context of peacekeeping operations.
http://wn.com/Mandated_to_Protect__Protection_of_Civilians_in_Peacekeeping_Operations
Women in Peacekeeping: The Power to Empower
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:04
- Published: 19 May 2009
- Uploaded: 08 Dec 2011
- Author: unitednations
United Nations, New York, May 2009 - Today, more than 110000 peacekeepers currently serve in 18 UN peace operations around the world with more countries contributing police and military personnel now than ever before. But it's not only the diversity of nationalities that will continue to change the facing of UN peacekeeping - it's also the more prominent presence of women. "Women in Peacekeeping: The Power to Empower" highlights the importance of increasing the overall number women military, police and civilian peacekeepers, while underscoring the vital role they play and the unique skills they bring to the frontlines and struggles around the world. Through compelling footage and stories of women peacekeepers in action across the globe, to interviews with key UN officials, this video helps us better understand the profound impact women can have in maintaining peace and security Press Release: www.un.org UN Peacekeeping website: www.un.org
http://wn.com/Women_in_Peacekeeping_The_Power_to_Empower
Haitians urge UN peacekeepers to leave
Haiti Minustah protest
http://wn.com/Haitians_urge_UN_peacekeepers_to_leave
General Martin Agwai discusses African Peacekeeping
Former Nigerian Chief of the Defence Staff and commander of the combined United Nations-African Union peacekeeping force in Darfur, General Martin Luther Agwai discusses his work at CMIS 2010.
http://wn.com/General_Martin_Agwai_discusses_African_Peacekeeping
The War Against War - What is Peacekeeping?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Published: 01 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 07 Dec 2011
- Author: unitednations
The War Against War is a documentary film about UN Peacekeeping operations. Part 1 of the documentary explains what peacekeeping is, and describes the work of UN Peacekeeping. Produced by Fisher Stevens, Culture Project and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.
http://wn.com/The_War_Against_War__What_is_Peacekeeping?
ISPR Documentary "Aman ke Safeer" United Nations Peacekeeping - Pakistan Army
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:33
- Published: 15 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 30 Nov 2011
- Author: PakArmyChannel
UN peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan covers a long and cherished history of Pakistani involvement with the United Nations. Pakistan joined the United Nations on 30 September, 1947. Since 1960, Pakistan has been actively involved in most of the UN Peacekeeping missions and today stands at the top with 10175 troops and observers serving in current missions. Some of the major contributions were in Somalia, Sierra Leone, Bosnia, Congo and Liberia. Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, civilian police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. All operations must include the resolution of conflicts through the use of force to be considered valid under the charter of the United Nations. -------------------- PakArmyChannel Facebook page: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/ISPR_Documentary_Aman_ke_Safeer_United_Nations_Peacekeeping__Pakistan_Army
photo: Public Domain / Mnmazur
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Peacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking.
Peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they may have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. Accordingly UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Beret because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel.
The United Nations Charter gives the United Nations Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations.
Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself, with troops serving under UN operational control. In these cases, peacekeepers remain members of their respective armed forces, and do not constitute an independent "UN army", as the UN does not have such a force. In cases where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate or feasible, the Council authorizes regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Economic Community of West African States, or coalitions of willing countries to undertake peacekeeping or peace-enforcement tasks.
The United Nations is not the only organization to implement peacekeeping missions. Non-UN peacekeeping forces include the NATO mission in Kosovo (with United Nations authorization) and the Multinational Force and Observers on the Sinai Peninsula.
Nature of peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is anything that contributes to the furthering of a peace process, once established. This includes, but is not limited to, the monitoring of withdrawal by combatants from a former conflict area, the supervision of elections, and the provision of reconstruction aid. Peacekeepers are often soldiers, but they do not have to be. Similarly, while soldier-peacekeepers are sometimes armed, they are not obligated to engage in combat.Peacekeepers were not at first expected to ever fight. As a general rule, they were deployed when the ceasefire was in place and the parties to the conflict had given their consent. They were deployed to observe from the ground and report impartially on adherence to the ceasefire, troop withdrawal or other elements of the peace agreement. This gave time and breathing space for diplomatic efforts to address the underlying causes of conflict.
Thus, a distinction must be drawn between peacekeeping and other operations aimed at peace. A common misconception is that activities such as NATO's intervention in the Kosovo War are peacekeeping operations, when they were, in reality, peace enforcement. That is, since NATO was seeking to impose peace, rather than maintain peace, they were not peacekeepers, rather peacemakers.
Process and structure
Formation
Once a peace treaty has been negotiated, the parties involved might ask the United Nations for a peacekeeping force to oversee various elements of the agreed upon plan. This is often done because a group controlled by the United Nations is less likely to follow the interests of any one party, since it itself is controlled by many groups, namely the 15-member Security Council and the intentionally-diverse United Nations Secretariat.
If the Security Council approves the creation of a mission, then the Department of Peacekeeping Operations begins planning for the necessary elements. At this point, the senior leadership team is selected (see below). The department will then seek contributions from member nations. Since the UN has no standing force or supplies, it must form ad hoc coalitions for every task undertaken. Doing so results in both the possibility of failure to form a suitable force, and a general slowdown in procurement once the operation is in the field. Romeo Dallaire, force commander in Rwanda during the Rwandan Genocide there, described the problems this poses by comparison to more traditional military deployments:
"He told me the UN was a 'pull' system, not a 'push' system like I had been used to with NATO, because the UN had absolutely no pool of resources to draw on. You had to make a request for everything you needed, and then you had to wait while that request was analyzed...For instance, soldiers everywhere have to eat and drink. In a push system, food and water for the number of soldiers deployed is automatically supplied. In a pull system, you have to ask for those rations, and no common sense seems to ever apply." (Shake Hands With the Devil, Dallaire, pp. 99-100)
While the peacekeeping force is being assembled, a variety of diplomatic activities are being undertaken by UN staff. The exact size and strength of the force must be agreed to by the government of the nation whose territory the conflict is on. The Rules of Engagement must be developed and approved by both the parties involved and the Security Council. These give the specific mandate and scope of the mission (e.g. when may the peacekeepers, if armed, use force, and where may they go within the host nation). Often, it will be mandated that peacekeepers have host government minders with them whenever they leave their base. This complexity has caused problems in the field.
When all agreements are in place, the required personnel are assembled, and final approval has been given by the Security Council, the peacekeepers are deployed to the region in question.
Cost
Peacekeeping costs, especially since the end of the Cold War, have risen dramatically. In 1993, annual UN peacekeeping costs had peaked at some $3.6 billion, reflecting the expense of operations in the former Yugoslavia and Somalia. By 1998, costs had dropped to just under $1 billion. With the resurgence of larger-scale operations, costs for UN peacekeeping rose to $3 billion in 2001. In 2004, the approved budget was $2.8 billion, although the total amount was higher than that. For the fiscal year which ended on June 30, 2006, UN peacekeeping costs were about US$5.03 billion.All member states are legally obliged to pay their share of peacekeeping costs under a complex formula that they themselves have established. Despite this legal obligation, member states owed approximately $1.20 billion in current and back peacekeeping dues as of June 2004.
Structure
A United Nations peacekeeping mission has three power centers. The first is the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, the official leader of the mission. This person is responsible for all political and diplomatic activity, overseeing relations with both the parties to the peace treaty and the UN member-states in general. They are often a senior member of the Secretariat. The second is the Force Commander, who is responsible for the military forces deployed. They are a senior officer of their nation's armed services, and are often from the nation committing the highest number of troops to the project. Finally, the Chief Administrative Officer oversees supplies and logistics, and coordinates the procurement of any supplies needed.
History
===Cold War Peacekeeping===
United Nations peacekeeping was initially developed during the Cold War as a means of resolving conflicts between states by deploying unarmed or lightly armed military personnel from a number of countries, under UN command, to areas where warring parties were in need of a neutral party to observe the peace process. Peacekeepers could be called in when the major international powers (the five permanent members of the Security Council) tasked the UN with bringing closure to conflicts threatening regional stability and international peace and security. These included a number of so-called "proxy wars" waged by client states of the superpowers. As of February 2009, there have been 63 UN peacekeeping operations since 1948, with sixteen operations ongoing. Suggestions for new missions arise every year.
The first peacekeeping mission was launched in 1948. This mission, the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), was sent to the newly created State of Israel, where a conflict between the Israelis and the Arab states over the creation of Israel had just reached a ceasefire. The UNTSO remains in operation to this day, although the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict has certainly not abated. Almost a year later, the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) was authorized to monitor relations between the two nations, which were split off from each other following the United Kingdom's decolonization of the Indian subcontinent.
As the Korean War ends with the Korean Armistice Agreement in 1953, UN forces remained along the south side of demilitarized zone until 1967, when American and South Korean forces took over.
Returning its attention to the conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors, the United Nations responded to Suez Crisis of 1956, a war between the alliance of the United Kingdom, France, and Israel, and Egypt, which was supported by other Arab nations. When a ceasefire was declared in 1957, Canadian diplomat (and future Prime Minister) Lester Bowles Pearson suggested that the United Nations station a peacekeeping force in the Suez in order to ensure that the ceasefire was honored by both sides. Pearson had initially suggested that the force consist of mainly Canadian soldiers, but the Egyptians were suspicious of having a Commonwealth nation defend them against the United Kingdom and her allies. In the end, a wide variety of national forces were drawn upon to ensure national diversity. Pearson would win the Nobel Peace Prize for this work, and he is today considered a father of modern peacekeeping.
In 1988 the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the United Nations peacekeeping forces. The press release stated that the forces "represent the manifest will of the community of nations" and have "made a decisive contribution" to the resolution of conflict around the world.
Since 1991
The end of the Cold War precipitated a dramatic shift in UN and multilateral peacekeeping. In a new spirit of cooperation, the Security Council established larger and more complex UN peacekeeping missions, often to help implement comprehensive peace agreements between protagonists in intra-State conflicts and civil wars. Furthermore, peacekeeping came to involve more and more non-military elements that ensured the proper functioning of civic functions, such as elections. The UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations was created in 1992 to support this increased demand for such missions.
By and large, the new operations were successful. In El Salvador and Mozambique, for example, peacekeeping provided ways to achieve self-sustaining peace. Some efforts failed, perhaps as the result of an overly optimistic assessment of what UN peacekeeping could accomplish. While complex missions in Cambodia and Mozambique were ongoing, the Security Council dispatched peacekeepers to conflict zones like Somalia, where neither ceasefires nor the consent of all the parties in conflict had been secured. These operations did not have the manpower, nor were they supported by the required political will, to implement their mandates. The failures — most notably the 1994 Rwandan genocide and the 1995 massacre in Srebrenica and Bosnia and Herzegovina — led to a period of retrenchment and self-examination in UN peacekeeping.
That period led, in part, to the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission, which works to implement stable peace through some of the same civic functions that peacekeepers also work on, such as elections. The Commission currently works with six countries, all in Africa.
Gallantry Awards
;Captain Salaria - Congo In November 1961 the UN Security Council moved to prevent hostilities by Katangese troops in Congo. This caused Moise Tshombe, the Katanga secessionist leader to step up attacks on UN troops. On 5 December 1961, an Indian UN company supported by mortar attacked a Katangese road-block between the Katangese HQ and the Elisabethville airfield. A Gurkha platoon attempted to link up with the company and reinforce the road-block, but ran into opposition near the old airfield. The platoon attack on the rebel position, manned by about 90 Katangese troops, was led by Indian Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria. Despite having only 16 soldiers and being outgunned, Captain Salaria and his Gurkha soldiers' ferocity overwhelmed the enemy, who fled. In this engagement, Captain Salaria was shot in his neck, but continued to fight till he succumbed to his injuries. Due to his selfless act of courage, the UN Headquarters in Elisabethville was saved from encirclement and Captain Salaria was awarded India's highest military award, the Param Vir Chakra.
Non-United Nations Peacekeeping
Not all peacekeeping forces have been directly controlled by the United Nations. In 1981, an agreement between Israel and Egypt formed the Multinational Force and Observers which continues to monitor the Sinai Peninsula.
Six years later, the Indian Peace Keeping Force entered Sri Lanka to help maintain peace. The situation became a quagmire, and India was asked to withdraw in 1990 by the Sri Lankan Prime Minister having formed a pact with the Tamil Tiger rebels.
In November 1988, India also helped restore government of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom in Maldives under Operation Cactus.
On 20 December 1995, under a UN mandate, a NATO-led force (IFOR) entered Bosnia in order to implement The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In a similar manner, a NATO operation (KFOR) continues in the former Serbian province of Kosovo.
The NATO-led mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina has since been replaced by a European Union peacekeeping mission, EUFOR.
The African Union has also had some limited involvement in peacekeeping within Africa since 2003.
In South Ossetia, Russia and Georgia each deployed their own sets of peacekeepers to the region under the Sochi agreement. The 2008 South Ossetia War resulted in the expulsion of all Georgian forces from the region, including peacekeepers, as well as the deaths of 18 Russian peacekeepers.
Participation
The UN Charter stipulates that to assist in maintaining peace and security around the world, all member states of the UN should make available to the Security Council necessary armed forces and facilities. Since 1948, close to 130 nations have contributed military and civilian police personnel to peace operations. While detailed records of all personnel who have served in peacekeeping missions since 1948 are not available, it is estimated that up to one million soldiers, police officers and civilians have served under the UN flag in the last 56 years. As of March 2008, 113 countries were contributing a total 88,862 military observers, police, and troops.Despite the large number of contributors, the greatest burden continues to be borne by a core group of developing countries, who often profit financially from their participation in such missions. The 10 main troop-contributing countries to UN peacekeeping operations as of September 2010 were Bangladesh (10,736), Pakistan (10,691), India (8,935), Nigeria (5,709), Egypt (5,458), Nepal (5,044), Jordan (3,826), Ghana (3,647), Rwanda (3,635), Uruguay (2,489).
The head of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Under-Secretary-General Jean-Marie Guéhenno, has reminded Member States that “the provision of well-equipped, well-trained and disciplined military and police personnel to UN peacekeeping operations is a collective responsibility of Member States. Countries from the South should not and must not be expected to shoulder this burden alone”.
As of March 2008, in addition to military and police personnel, 5,187 international civilian personnel, 2,031 UN Volunteers and 12,036 local civilian personnel worked in UN peacekeeping missions.
Through April 2008, 2,468 people from over 100 countries have been killed while serving on peacekeeping missions. Many of those came from India (127), Canada (114) and Ghana (113). Thirty percent of the fatalities in the first 55 years of UN peacekeeping occurred in the years 1993-1995.
Developing nations tend to participate in peacekeeping more than developed countries. This may be due in part because forces from smaller countries avoid evoking thoughts of imperialism. For example, in December 2005, Eritrea expelled all American, Russian, European, and Canadian personnel from the peacekeeping mission on their border with Ethiopia. Additionally, an economic motive appeals to the developing countries. The rate of reimbursement by the UN for troop contributing countries per peacekeeper per month include: $1,028 for pay and allowances; $303 supplementary pay for specialists; $68 for personal clothing, gear and equipment; and $5 for personal weaponry. This can be a significant source of revenue for a developing country. By providing important training and equipment for the soldiers as well as salaries, UN peacekeeping missions allow them to maintain larger armies than they otherwise could. About 4.5% of the troops and civilian police deployed in UN peacekeeping missions come from the European Union and less than one percent from the United States (USA).
Both personnel and financial contributions to peacekeeping opeations are included in the Commitment to Development Index, which ranks donor governments on their policies to the developing world.
Criticism
Potential for harm to troops
There is some concern about the harm caused to troops, as peacekeeping can be very stressful. The peacekeepers are exposed to danger caused by the warring parties and often in an unfamiliar climate. This gives rise to different mental health problems, suicide, and substance abuse as shown by the percentage of former peacekeepers with those problems. Having a parent in a mission abroad for an extended period is also stressful to the peacekeepers' family. In addition, peacekeepers, even when acting on UN mandate, may become a target for attacks by some of the parties in a conflict.Another viewpoint raises the problem that the peacekeeping may soften the troops and erode their combat ability, as the mission profile of a peacekeeping contingent is totally different from the profile of a unit fighting an all-out war.
Peacekeeping, human trafficking, and forced prostitution
Reporters witnessed a rapid increase in prostitution in Cambodia, Mozambique, Bosnia, and Kosovo after UN and, in the case of the latter two, NATO peacekeeping forces moved in. In the 1996 U.N. study The Impact of Armed Conflict on Children, former first lady of Mozambique Graça Machel documented: "In 6 out of 12 country studies on sexual exploitation of children in situations of armed conflict prepared for the present report, the arrival of peacekeeping troops has been associated with a rapid rise in child prostitution."Gita Sahgal spoke out in 2004 with regard to the fact that prostitution and sex abuse crops up wherever humanitarian intervention efforts are set up. She observed: "The issue with the UN is that peacekeeping operations unfortunately seem to be doing the same thing that other militaries do. Even the guardians have to be guarded."
Proposed reform
Brahimi analysis
In response to criticism, particularly of the cases of sexual abuse by peacekeepers, the UN has taken steps toward reforming its operations. The Brahimi Report was the first of many steps to recap former peacekeeping missions, isolate flaws, and take steps to patch these mistakes to ensure the efficiency of future peacekeeping missions. The UN has vowed to continue to put these practices into effect when performing peacekeeping operations in the future. The technocratic aspects of the reform process have been continued and revitalised by the DPKO in its 'Peace Operations 2010' reform agenda. This included an increase in personnel, the harmonization of the conditions of service of field and headquarters staff, the development of guidelines and standard operating procedures, and improving the partnership arrangement between the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), African Union and European Union. 2008 capstone doctrine entitled "United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Principles and Guidelines" incorporates and builds on the Brahimi analysis.
Rapid reaction force
One suggestion to account for delays such as the one in Rwanda, is a rapid reaction force: a standing group, administered by the UN and deployed by the Security Council, that receives its troops and support from current Security Council members and is ready for quick deployment in the event of future genocides.
Restructuring of the UN secretariat
The UN peacekeeping capacity was enhanced in 2007 by augmenting the DPKO with the new Department of Field Support (DFS). Whereas the new entity serves as a key enabler by co-ordinating the administration and logistics in UN peacekeeping operations, DPKO concentrates on policy planning and providing strategic directions.
See also
References
Further reading
Category:Peace Category:Peacekeeping Category:United Nations peacekeeping Category:Military operations other than war
ar:قوات حفظ السلام ast:Fuercies de Paz de Naciones Xuníes be:Міратворчыя сілы ААН be-x-old:Міратворчыя сілы ААН ca:Cascos Blaus de les Nacions Unides cs:Peacekeeping da:FN's fredsbevarende styrker de:Friedenstruppen der Vereinten Nationen es:Fuerzas de paz de las Naciones Unidas eo:Pactrupoj de Unuiĝintaj Nacioj fr:Force de maintien de la paix des Nations unies gl:Cascos Azuis ko:국제 연합 평화유지군 id:Pasukan pemelihara perdamaian it:Peacekeeping ka:გაეროს სამშვიდობო ძალები nl:Vredesoperatie ja:国際連合平和維持活動 no:FNs fredsbevarende styrker pnb:امن فوج pl:Utrzymanie pokoju pt:Forças de manutenção da paz das Nações Unidas ru:Миротворческие силы ООН fi:Rauhanturvaaminen sv:FN:s fredsbevarande styrkor uk:Миротворчі сили ООН ur:امن جوئی vi:Gìn giữ hòa bình zh:联合国维持和平部队This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 9°1′48″N38°44′24″N |
|---|---|
| name | Joseph Kabila Kabange |
| order | President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| primeminister | Antoine GizengaAdolphe Muzito |
| term start | 26 January 2001 |
| predecessor | Laurent-Désiré Kabila |
| birth date | June 04, 1971 |
| birth place | Fizi, Zaire |
| spouse | Olive Lembe di Sita |
| religion | Anglican |
| party | PPRD }} |
Biography
Early life and education
Joseph Kabila Kabange was born on June 4, 1971 at Hewabora, a small village in the Fizi territory of the South Kivu province, in Eastern Congo. He is the son of long time rebel, former AFDL leader and president of the Congo Laurent-Désiré Kabila and Sifa Mahanya.
Guerrilla and army years
Following high school, Joseph Kabila followed a military curriculum in Tanzania, then at Makerere University in Uganda. In October 1996, Laurent-Désiré Kabila launched the campaign in Zaire to oust the Mobutu regime. Joseph became the commander of the infamous army of "kadogos" (child soldiers) and played a key role in major battles on the road to Kinshasa. The liberation army received logistical and military support from regional armies from Rwanda, Uganda, Angola and Zimbabwe. Following the AFDL's victory, and Laurent-Désiré Kabila's rise to the presidency, Joseph Kabila went on to get further training at the PLA National Defense University, in Beijing, China.When he returned from China, Kabila was awarded the rank of Major-General, and appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in 1998. He was later, in 2000, appointed Chief of Staff of the Land Forces, a position he held until the elder President Kabila's assassination in January 2001. As chief of staff, he was one of the main military leaders in charge of Government troops during the time of the Second Congo War (1998–2003).
Presidency
Kabila rose to the Presidency on 26 January 2001 after the assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila. As such Kabila became the world's first head of government born in the 1970s. He remained the world's youngest head of government until Roosevelt Skerrit became Prime Minister of Dominica in January 2004.At age 29, he was considered young and inexperienced. He subsequently attempted to end the ongoing civil war by negotiating peace agreements with rebel groups who were backed by Rwanda and Uganda, the same regional armies who brought Laurent-Désiré Kabila's rebel group to power 3 years before. The 2002 peace agreement signed at the Inter-Congolese Dialogue in Sun City, South Africa, which nominally ended the Second Congo War, maintained Joseph Kabila as President and head of state of the Congo. An interim administration was set up under him, including the leaders of the country's two main rebel groups as vice-presidents (two other vice-presidents were representatives of the civilian opposition and government supporters respectively).
On March 28, 2003, an apparent coup attempt or mutiny around the capital Kinshasa, allegedly on the part of members of the former guard of former president Mobutu Sese Seko (who had been ousted by Kabila's father in 1997 and died in the same year), failed. On June 11, 2004, coup plotters led by Major Eric Lenge allegedly attempted to take power and announced on state radio that the transitional government was suspended, but were defeated by loyalist troops.
In December 2005, a partial referendum approved a new constitution, and a presidential election was held on July 30, 2006 (having been delayed from an earlier date in June). The new constitution lowers the minimum age of presidential candidates from 35 to 30; Kabila turned 35 shortly before the election. In March 2006, he registered as a candidate. Although the new constitution stipulates that a debate be held between the two remaining candidates for the presidency, no debates took place and this was declared by many as unconstitutional.
According to widely disputed provisional results announced on August 20, Kabila won 45% of the vote; his main opponent, vice-president and former rebel leader Jean-Pierre Bemba, won 20%. The irregularities surrounding the elections results prompted a run-off vote between Kabila and Bemba which was held on October 29. On November 15, the electoral commission announced the official results and Kabila was declared the winner, with 58.05% of the vote. These results were confirmed by the Supreme Court on November 27, 2006, and Kabila was inaugurated on December 6, 2006 as the country's newly elected President. He named Antoine Gizenga, who placed third in the first round of the presidential election (and then backed Kabila in the second round) as prime minister on December 30.
Although Kabila registered as an independent, he is the "initiator" of the People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy (PPRD), which chose him as their candidate to the election.
In response to accusations that sex crimes had been committed by the Congolese military, he pointed out that 300 soldiers have been convicted of sex crimes, although he admitted that is not enough.
Wedding
On June 1, 2006, after many wedding rumors were fueled by many in top positions in the country, the head of the Presidential Household, Ambassador Theodore Mugalu officially announced the wedding of the President to Ms Olive Lembe di Sita. The wedding ceremonies took place on June 17, 2006. Mr Kabila and his spouse have a daughter, born in 2001, named Sifa after Kabila's mother. A few years later, rumours of domestic abuse started to surface in the presidential circle, supposedly due to his frequent consumption of Marijuana.As President Kabila is Protestant (Anglican), and Ms Lembe di Sita is Catholic, the wedding ceremonies were ecumenical, and were therefore officiated by both the Catholic Archbishop of Kinshasa, Cardinal Frederic Etsou Bamungwabi, and Pierre Marini Bodho – Presiding Bishop of the Church of Christ in Congo, the umbrella church for most Protestant denominations in the Congo, known within the country simply as "The Protestant Church".
References
External links
{{Incumbent succession box | title = President of the Congo-Kinshasa | before = Laurent-Désiré Kabila | start = 2001 }}
Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:People from Sud-Kivu Province Category:Current national leaders Category:Makerere University alumni Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo Protestants Category:People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy politicians
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