:''Krodh is also a 2006 Nepalese film'' Krodh is derived from the Sanskrit word krodha, which means wrath or Rage. This is an emotion recognized in the Sikh system as a spring of desire and is as such counted as one of the Five Evils.

It expresses itself in several forms from silent sullenness to hysterical tantrums and violence. In Sikh Scripture krodh usually appears in combination with kam — as "kam krodh". The coalescence is not simply for the sake of alliterative effect. Krodh (ire) is the direct progeny of kam (desire). The latter when thwarted or jilted produces the former. The Scripture also counts krodh (or its synonym kop) among the four rivers of fire.

''Violence, attachment, covetousness and wrath,"'' says Guru Nanak ''"are like four rivers of fire; those who fall in them burn, and can swim across, O Nanak, only through God's grace"'' (GG, 147). Elsewhere he says, ''"Kam and krodh dissolve the body as borax melts gold"'' (GG, 932). Guru Arjan, Nanak V, censures krodh in these words: ''"O krodh, thou enslavest sinful men and then caperest around them like an ape."''

In thy company men become base and are punished variously by Death's messengers. ''The Merciful God, the Eradicator of the sufferings of the humble, O Nanak, alone saveth all"'' (GG, 1358). Guru Ram Das, Nanak IV, warns: ''"Do not go near those who are possessed by wrath uncontrollable"'' (GG, 40). ''Krodh is to be vanquished and eradicated''. This is done through ''humility and firm faith'' in the Divine.

Guru Arjan's prescription: ''"Do not be angry with any one; search your own self and live in the world with humility. Thus, O Nanak, you may go across (the ocean of existence) under God's grace"'' (GG, 259). Shaikh Farid, a thirteenth-century Muslim saint whose compositions are preserved in the Sikh Scripture, says in one of his couplets: ''"O Farid, do good to him who hath done thee evil and do not nurse anger in thy heart; no disease will then afflict thy body and all felicities shall be thine"'' (GG, 1381-82). Righteous indignation against evil, injustice and tyranny is, however, not to be equated with krodh as an undesirable passion. Several hymns in the Guru Granth Sahib, particularly those by Guru Nanak and Kabir, express in strong terms their disapproval of the corruption of their day.

References [link]

# Sabadarth Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Amritsar, 1964 # Jodh Singh, Bhai, Gurmat Nirnaya. Ludhiana, 1932 # Sher Singh, The Philosophy of Sikhism. Lahore, 1944 # Avtar Singh, Ethics of the Sikhs. Patiala, 1970 # Nirbhai Singh, Philosophy of Sikhism. Delhi, 1990

Above adapted from article By L. M. Joshi

Concepts In Sikhism - Edited by Dr. Surinder Singh Sodhi

Lecture on Krodh #1 by Veer Bhupinder Singh

Lecture on Krodh #2 by Veer Bhupinder Singh

Category:Sikh terms

name	Mohammed Rafi
background	solo_singer
birth name	Mohammed Haji Ali Mohammed Rafi
birth date	24 December 1924
Birth place	Kotla Sultan Singh, Punjab, British India
death date	31 July 1980 (aged 55)
Death place	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
origin	India
instrument	Vocalist
genre	Indian classical, ghazal, playback singing, qawwali. thumri
occupation	Playback Singer, sang in Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, and various other regional languages, also recorded songs in English, Scottish, Spanish and French
years active	1941–1980 }}

Mohammad Rafi (December 24, 1924 – July 31, 1980) is considered to be the greatest Indian male playback singer of all time. He was awarded the National Film Award, Best Singer Award, six Filmfare Awards and the Best Singer of the Millennium award. In 1967, he was honoured with the Padma Shri award by the Government of India. His singing career spanned about 35 years, and he is noted for his ability to sing songs of different moods and varieties: his songs ranged from classical numbers to patriotic songs, sad lamentations to highly romantic numbers, qawwalis to ghazals and bhajans. He is best known for romantic and duet songs, which he playback sings with the technique to mould the voice according to characters of the actor on the screen.

Rafi is primarily noted for his songs in Hindi-Urdu, over which he had a strong command. He also sang in other Indian languages including Konkani, Bhojpuri, Oriya, Punjabi, Bengali, Marathi, Sindhi, Kannada, Gujarati, Telugu, Maghi, Maithili and Assamese. He also recorded a few songs in foreign languages such as English, Persian, Spanish and Dutch. From available figures, Rafi sang 4,516 Hindi film songs, 112 non-Hindi film songs, and 328 private (non-film) songs from 1945 to 1980.

Early years and background[link]

Mohammed Rafi was the second youngest of six brothers. His father, Hajji Ali Mohammad and family lived in Kotla Sultan Singh, a village near Amritsar in Punjab (British India). Rafi, whose nickname was Pheeko, began singing by imitating the chants of a fakir in his village. Rafi's father moved to Lahore in the 1920s where he ran a men's salon in Noor Mohalla in Bhatti Gate Lahore. His elder brother, Mohammad Deen, had a friend, Abdul Hameed, (future brother-in-law), who spotted the talent in Rafi in Lahore and encouraged him to sing. Abdul Hameed later convinced the family elders to let Rafi move to Mumbai and he accompanied him in 1944.

Rafi learnt classical music from Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Abdul Wahid Khan, Pandit Jiwanlal Matto and Firoze Nizami. His first public performance came at the age of 13, when he sang in Lahore featuring K. L. Saigal. In 1941, Rafi, under Shyam Sunder, made his debut in Lahore as a playback singer in the duet "Soniye Nee, Heeriye Nee" with Zeenat Begum in the Punjabi film ''Gul Baloch'' (the film was released in 1944). In that same year, Rafi was invited by All India Radio Lahore station to sing for them. He made his professional debut in the Shyam Sunder-directed 1941 Punjabi film ''Gul Baloch'' and the earliest debut in Mumbai film was ''Gaon Ki Gori'' in 1945. Rafi also had brief roles in movies like Laila-Majnu (1945) and Jugnu. In Laila-Majnu, he sang ''Tera Jalwa'' as a part of the chorus.

In 1948, after the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, the team of Husanlal Bhagatram-Rajendra Krishan-Rafi had overnight created the song "Suno Suno Ae Duniyawalon, Bapuji Ki Amar Kahani". He was invited by the Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, to sing at the latter's house. In 1948, Rafi received a silver medal from Nehru on the Indian Independence Day. In 1949, Rafi was given solo songs by music directors such as Naushad, (''Chandni Raat'', ''Dillagi'' and ''Dulari'') Shyam Sunder (''Bazaar'') and Husnalal Bhagatram (''Meena Bazaar'').

Rafi's first song with Naushad was "Hindustan Ke Hum Hain" with Shyam Kumar, Alauddin and others, from A. R. Kardar's ''Pehle Aap'' (1944). Around the same time, Rafi recorded another song for the 1945 film ''Gaon Ki Gori'', "Aji Dil Ho Kaaboo Mein". He considered this song his first Hindi language song.

Rafi also appeared in two movies. In 1945, Rafi appeared on the screen for the song "Tera Jalwa Jis Ne Dekha" in the film ''Laila Majnu''. He sang a number of songs for Naushad as part of the chorus, including "Mere Sapnon Ki Rani, Roohi Roohi" with K. L. Saigal from the film ''Shahjahan'' (1946). Rafi sang "Tera Khilona Toota Balak" from Mehboob Khan's ''Anmol Ghadi'' (1946) and a duet with Noor Jehan in the 1947 film ''Jugnu'', "Yahan Badla Wafa Ka". Following the Partition of India, Rafi decided to stay in India and had his family flown to Mumbai. Whereas Noor Jahan migrated to Pakistan and made a pair with playback singer Ahmed Rushdi.

Rafi was influenced by the singers of that time like K. L Saigal and, most notably, by G. M. Durrani - on whose style he based his singing. He sung with his idol in some of the songs such as "Humko Hanste Dekh Zamana Jalta Hai" (''Hum Sab Chor Hain'', 1956) and "Khabar Kisi Ko Nahiin, Woh Kidhar Dekhte" (Beqasoor, 1950), etc.

Recording career in the 1950s and 1960s [link]

In his early career, Rafi associated with many contemporary music directors, most notably Naushad. In the late 1950s and 1960s, he worked with other composers of the era such as O. P. Nayyar, Shankar Jaikishan, S.D. Burman and Roshan.

; Association with Naushad

As per Naushad, Rafi came to him with a letter of recommendation from Naushad's father. Rafi’s first song for Naushad was "Hindustan Ke Hum Hain" ("We belong to Hindustan") for the film ''Pehle Aap'' in 1944. The first song for the duo was the soundtrack of the movie ''Anmol Ghadi'' (1946). Before Rafi, Naushad’s favorite singer was Talat Mahmood. Once Naushad found Talat smoking during a recording. He was annoyed and hired Rafi to sing all the songs of the movie ''Baiju Bawra''.

Rafi's association with Naushad helped the former establish himself as one of the most prominent playback singers in Hindi Cinema. Songs from ''Baiju Bawra'' (1952) like "O duniya ke rakhwale" and "Man tarpat hari darshan ko aaj" furthered Rafi's credentials. Rafi ended up singing a total of 149 songs (81 of them solo) for Naushad.

In the 1960 film ''Mughal-E-Azam'', Mohammed Rafi sang the song "Ae Mohabbat Zindabad", composed by Naushad, with a chorus of 100 singers.

; Association with S D Burman S. D. Burman patronized Rafi as the singing voice of Dev Anand and Guru Dutt. Rafi worked with Burman in movies like ''Pyaasa'' (1957), ''Kaagaz Ke Phool'' (1959), ''Tere Ghar Ke Samne'' (1963), ''Guide'' (1965), ''Aradhana'' (1969), and ''Abhimaan'' (1973). S. D. Burman was also another music director besides Naushad who used Rafi prolifically to sing for most of his songs.

; Association with Shankar-Jaikishan

Rafi and Shankar Jaikishan was a partnership in the Hindi film industry. Under Shankar-Jaikishan, Rafi produced some of his songs for actors like Shammi Kapoor and Rajendra Kumar. Out of six Filmfare awards, Rafi won three for S-J songs, viz., "Teri Pyari Pyari Soorat Ko", "Baharon Phool Barsao", and "Dil Ke Jharokhe Mein". The song "Yahoo! Chahe Koi Mujhe Junglee Kahe" was sung by Rafi, only to be matched a fast-paced orchestra and a composition by Shankar Jaikishan. S-J made Rafi give playback for Kishore Kumar in the film ''Shararat'' ("Ajab hai daastan teri yeh zindagi"). Rafi sang a total of 341 numbers (216 solo) for Shankar-Jaikishan. Among the films of this combination, are ''Basant Bahar'', ''Professor'', ''Junglee'', ''Suraj'', ''Brahmachari'', ''An Evening in Paris'', ''Dil Tera Deewana'', ''Yakeen'', ''Prince'', ''Love in Tokyo'', ''Beti Bete'', ''Dil Ek Mandir'', ''Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai'', ''Gaban'' and ''Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai''.

; Association with Ravi

Rafi got his first Filmfare Award for the title song of ''Chaudhvin Ka Chand'' (1960), composed by Ravi. He got National Award for the song "Babul Ki Duaen Leti Ja" from the film ''Neel Kamal'' (1968), also composed by Ravi. Rafi actually wept during the recording of this song. He, himself, admitted this in his interview to BBC in 1977.

Ravi and Rafi produced several other songs, in the films ''China Town'' (1962), ''Kaajal'' (1965), and ''Do Badan'' (1966).

; Association with Madan Mohan

Madan Mohan was another composer whose favorite singer was Rafi. Rafi's first solo with Madan Mohan in ''Ankhen'' (1950), "Hum Ishq Mein Barbad Hain Barbad Rahenge". They teamed up to produce many songs including "Teri Aankhon Ke Siva", "Yeh Duniya Yeh Mehfil" and "Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho".

; Association with O. P. Nayyar

Rafi and O. P. Nayyar created music in the 1950s and 1960s. O. P. Nayyar was once quoted as saying "If there had been no Mohd. Rafi, there would have been no O. P. Nayyar". He and Rafi created many songs together including "Yeh hai Bombay meri jaan". He got Rafi to sing for singer-actor Kishore Kumar – "Man Mora Baawara" for the movie ''Raagini''. Later, Rafi sang for Kishore Kumar in movies such as ''Baaghi'', ''Shehzaada'' and ''Shararat''. O. P. Nayyar used Rafi and Asha Bhosle for most of his songs. The team created many songs in early 1950s and 1960s for movies such as ''Naya Daur'' (1957), ''Tumsa Nahin Dekha'' (1957), and ''Kashmir Ki Kali'' (1964). Rafi sang a total of 197 numbers (56 solo) for Nayyar. The song "Jawaaniyan yeh mast mast" and the title song "Yun to humne lakh hansee dekhe hain, tumsa nahin dekha" of the film ''Tumsa Nahin Dekha''. They were followed by songs like "Taareef karoon kya uski jisne tumhe banaya" from ''Kashmir ki Kali''.

Rafi and OP had a fallout during the recording for movie "Sawan ki Ghata", as disclosed by OP during one of his interviews.

; Association with Laxmikant-Pyarelal

The composer duo Laxmikant-Pyarelal (L-P) also patronized Rafi as one of their singers, right from their very first film, ''Parasmani'' (1963). Both Rafi and L-P won the Filmfare Awards for the song "Chahoonga Main Tujhe Saanjh Savere" from ''Dosti'' (1964). Rafi rendered the maximum number of songs for the music director duo Laxmikant-Pyarelal: a total of 369 numbers (186 solo) for L-P.

Once, when composer Nisar Bazmi (who had migrated to Pakistan) didn’t have enough money to pay him, Rafi charged a fee of one rupee and sang for him. He also helped producers financially. As Laxmikant (of the Laxmikant-Pyarelal duo) once observed – “He always gave without thinking of the returns”.

Between 1950 and 1970, Rafi was the most sought after singer in Bollywood. He sang for many male stars in Hindi films. In 1965, he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Sri award. Rafi recorded two Hindi songs in English on 7" release in 1968. He also sang a song in Creole while on his visit to Mauritius in the late 1960s. Rafi recorded two English albums as well. One of them is ''Pop Hits''. ; Association with his Contemporary Singers

Rafi associated with several of his contemporaries, singing duets with them and sometimes for them (as in case of Kishore Kumar who was also an actor). Rafi sang the maximum number of duets with Asha Bhonsle (female), Manna Dey (male) and Lata Mangeshkar (female). For the song “Man mora bawra” in the film Ragini, Kishore Kumar requested Rafi to sing this song for him because this song was a semi classical and Kishore Kumar said that "Rafi Sahab can sing this song better than me". Rafi sang the song. The song "Ajab Hay Dastan Teri Aey Zindagi" was first given to Kishore Kumar to sing and he sung the first half ofantara but in the second half, he faced some trouble and after many retakes, he was unable to give the effect that Shankar Jaikishan wanted, and finally the song was given to Rafi to sing. In the song "Humko Tumse Ho Gaya Hai Pyaar Kya Karein" (Amar, Akbar, Anthony), Mohd Rafi sang with Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar and Mukesh - all in one song. This was probably the only time that all of them rendered their voices for one song. ; Singing career in other languages

Rafi sang several hit songs in Chris Perry's Konkani album Golden Hits with Lorna Cordeiro.

Royalty issue[link]

In 1962-1963, the popular female playback singer Lata Mangeshkar raised the issue of playback singers' share in the royalties. Recognizing Rafi's position as the leading male playback singer, she wanted him to back her in demanding a half-share from the 5 percent song royalty that the film's producer conceded to select composers. Lata's contention was that, there was no way producers and music directors could deny this singing duo, one-half share in that 5 percent song royalty to the composer. Rafi's stated that his claim on the filmmaker ended with his being paid his agreed fee for the song. After that, if the film proved a hit, the filmmaker was welcome to keep the Gramco (HMV) royalty he earned from it. If the film did not prove to be a hit, argued Rafi, that he had already been paid the same fees for his song; so later the situation is resolved. Lata viewed his stand as a stumbling block on the royalty issue and this subsequently led to differences between the two. During the recording of "Tasveer Teri Dil Mein" (''Maya'', 1961), Lata argued with Rafi over a certain passage of the song. Rafi felt belittled, as music director Salil Chowdhury sided with Lata. The situation worsened when Lata Mangeshkar declared that she would no longer sing with Rafi. Rafi stated that he was only so keen to sing with Lata as she was with him. Later, at the insistence of S. D. Burman, the two decided to reconcile and sing duets.

Early 1970s[link]

In early 1970s, Rafi recorded fewer songs At the same period Kishore Kumar's popularity increased due to the songs he sang for the film ''Aradhana''. The music for ''Aradhana'' was composed by S. D. Burman, and he had used Rafi as the male playback voice for the first two recorded duets, "Baaghon Mein Bahaar Hai" and "Gunguna Rahen Hain Bhanwre". After these two recordings, S. D. Burman fell ill and his son and assistant, R. D. Burman, took over the recordings. R. D. Burman got Kishore Kumar to sing the solos "Roop Tera Mastana" and "Mere Sapnon Ki Rani".

During 1971-1973, Rafi's musical output decreased; however, he did sing several songs. Some of Rafi's songs of the early 1970s were with music directors like Laxmikant Pyarelal, Madan Mohan, R. D. Burman and S. D. Burman. These include "Tum mujhe Yun Bhula na Paoge" (a signature song of Rafi in 1971) from Pagla Kahin Ka, "Yeh Duniya Yeh Mehfil" from ''Heer Ranjha'' (1970), "Jhilmil Sitaron ka" from ''Jeevan Mrityu'' (a duet with Lata Mangeshkar, 1970), "Gulabi Aankhen" from ''The Train'' (1970), "Yeh Jo Chilman Hain" and "Itna to Yaad Hain Mujhe" from ''Mehboob Ki Mehndi'' (1971), "Mera mann tera pyasa" Gambler, "Chalo Dildar Chalo" from 1972 released Pakeezah, "Chura Liya Hain Tumne" from ''Yaadon Ki Baarat'' (a duet with Asha Bhosle, 1973), "Na tu Zameen Ke liye" from 1973 released Dilip Kumar movie Dastan, "Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho" from Hanste Zakhm (1973), "teri bindiya re", from Abhimaan (1973) and "Aaj mausam bada beimaan hai" from Loafer (1973).

Later years[link]

Rafi made a comeback as a leading singer in 1974. In 1974, he won the Film World magazine Best Singer Award for the song "Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad" (Hawas, 1974) composed by Usha Khanna.

In 1977, he won both Filmfare Award and the National Award for the song "Kya Hua Tera Wada" from the movie ''Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin'', composed by R. D. Burman. Rafi sang for Rishi Kapoor in films like ''Amar Akbar Anthony'' (1977), ''Sargam'' (1979) and ''Karz'' (1980). The qawwali "Pardah Hai Pardah" from Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) was a superhit. Rafi's notable renderings in the late 1970s and early 1980s include ''Bairaag'' (1976), ''Laila Majnu'' (1976), ''Apnapan'' (1978), ''Suhaag'' (1979), ''Qurbani'', ''Dostana'' (1980), ''The Burning Train'' (1980), ''Naseeb'' (1981), ''Abdullah'' (1980), ''Shaan'' (1980), ''Asha'' (1980), ''Aap To Aise Na The'' (1980), ''Zamane Ko Dikhana Hai'' (1982).

In December 1979, Rafi recorded six songs for the Hindi remake of Dilip Sen's Bengali superhit ''Sorry Madam''; unfortunately the film was never completed due to a personal tragedy in Dilip Sen's life. These songs, written by Kafeel Aazar and composed by Chitragupta, were released digitally in December 2009 by the label Silk Road under the title "The Last Songs". The physical album was released only in India by Universal.

Guiness World Records controversy[link]

During his last years, Rafi was involved in a controversy over Lata Mangeshkar's introduction in to the Guinness Book of World Records. In a letter dated June 11, 1977 to the Guinness Book of World Records, Rafi had challenged the claim that Lata Mangeshkar has recorded the maximum number of songs ("not less than 25,000" according to Guinness). After receiving a reply from Guinness, in a letter dated November 20, 1979, he wrote: "I am disappointed that my request for a reassessment vis-a-vis Ms Mangeshkar's reported world record has gone unheeded.". In an interview to BBC recorded in November 1977, Rafi claimed to have sung 25,000 to 26,000 songs till then.

After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of Word Records gave Lata Mangeshkar's name for the "Most Recordings" but also stated: "Mohammad Rafi (d 1 August 1980) [sic] claimed to have recorded 28,000 songs in 11 Indian languages between 1944 and April 1980." According to the available figures, Rafi has sung 4,516 Hindi film songs, 112 non-Hindi film songs, and 328 private (non-film) songs from 1945 to 1980. The Guinness Book entries for both Rafi and Lata were later removed in 1991.

Death[link]

On Thursday, 31 July 1980, Rafi died at 10:50 p.m., following a heart attack. His last song was "Shaam phir kyun udaas hai dost" (''Aas Paas''), which he had recorded with Laxmikant-Pyarelal few hours before his death.

Rafi was buried at the Juhu Muslim cemetery. It was one of the biggest funeral processions Mumbai had ever witnessed, with over 10,000 people attending.

In 2010, his tomb was demolished to make space for new burials. Fans of Mohammed Rafi who arrive twice a year at his tomb, on 24 December and 31 July, to mark his birth and death anniversary, use the coconut tree nearest to his grave as a marker.

Trivia[link]

Rafi's song from the film ''Gumnaam'' (1965), "Jaan Pehechan Ho", was used on the soundtrack of ''Ghost World'' (2001). The film opens with the lead character dancing around in her bedroom to a video of ''Gumnaam''.

His "Aaj Mausam Bada Beiman Hai" is featured in the 2001 film ''Monsoon Wedding''. His song "Mera Man Tera Pyasa" (''Gambler'', 1970) has been used as one of the soundtracks in the Jim Carrey-Kate Winslet starrer ''Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind'' (2004). This song is played in the background in Kate Winslet's character's home while the lead pair are having a drink - ''at approx 00.11.14 runtime''.

Several of Rafi's unreleased songs will be used for an upcoming film titled ''Sorry Madam''.

A documentary about Rafi’s life is under production by The Films Division of India.

In the summer of 2008, the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra released a double CD entitled ''Rafi Resurrected'' comprising 16 songs by Rafi. Bollywood playback singer Sonu Nigam provided the vocals for this project and toured with the CBSO in July 2008 at venues including the English National Opera in London, Manchester's Apollo Theatre and Symphony Hall, Birmingham.

The Padma Shri Mohammed Rafi Chowk in the Bandra suburb of Mumbai and Pune (extending MG Road) is named after Rafi.

In June 2010, Rafi was voted the most popular playback singer in the OUTLOOK Music Poll, conducted by Outlook Magazine, along with Lata Mangeshkar. The same Poll voted "Man re, tu kahe na Dheer Dhare" (''Chitralekha'', 1964), sung by Rafi as the #1 song. Three songs were tied for the #2 place of which two were sung by Rafi. The songs were "Tere Mere Sapne Ab Ek Rang Hain" (''Guide'', 1965) and "Din Dhal Jaye, hai raat na jaye" (''Guide'', 1965). This poll was published in Outlook Magazine. The jury included people in the Indian music industry; Abhijeet, Adesh Srivastava, Alisha Chinai, Anu Malik, Ehsaan, Gulzar, Hariharan, Himesh Reshammiya, Jatin, Javed Akhtar, Kailash Kher, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Khayyam, Kumar Sanu, Lalit, Loy, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Mahendra Kapoor, Manna Dey, Prasoon Joshi, Rajesh Roshan, Sadhna Sargam, Sameer, Sandesh Shandilya, Shaan, Shankar, Shantanu Moitra, Shreya Ghoshal, Sonu Nigam and Talat Aziz.

In an article in ''Times of India'', Rafi is described as "a versatile singer, who could render classical, rock and roll, indeed any kind of song with ease, he was Hindi film's, favourite male voice through the 1950s and 1960s". Music director Rajesh Roshan, who composed some of the songs with Rafi, remembers him as "a warm-hearted simple person with no ego".

There have been appeals to the Government of India to honour the singer, posthumously, with Bharat Ratna (India's Highest Civilian Award)

Classical and playback singer Manna Dey, who was also a contemporary of Rafi said, "Rafi and I could sing everything, and he was such a gentleman. He was a better singer than me, and I will say this - that no one came even close to him! He deserved everything he got! We had a great understanding and it was never about one-upmanship".

Veteran actor Shammi Kapoor said, "I am incomplete without Mohammad Rafi. I used to often go for the recoding of my song, which was sung by Mohammad Rafi, only because I used to like telling him how I would perform on this song on screen so that he can sing it that way. Even he liked my involvement".

On 22 September 2007, a shrine to Rafi designed by artist Tasawar Bashir was unveiled on Fazeley Street, Birmingham, UK. Bashir is hoping that Rafi will attain sainthood as a result.

Singers like Shabbir Kumar, Mohammed Aziz, and more recently, Sonu Nigam, made their names by adopting Rafi's style, and perhaps owe their entire careers to Rafi.

After his death, seven Hindi movies were dedicated to Mohd Rafi; ''Allah Rakha'', ''Mard'', ''Coolie'', ''Desh-Premee'', ''Naseeb'', ''Aas-Paas'' and ''Heeralal-Pannalal''.

Over 9000 musical tributes were organized in July 2011 commemorating the 31st anniversary of the singer's death.

Rafi is one of the recording artists mentioned in the 1997 song Brimful of Asha by Cornershop.

List of Songs[link]

Personal life[link]

Rafi married twice; his first marriage was to the cousin of his second wife, and took place in his ancestral village. The marriage ended when his in laws and wife migrated to Lahore, Pakistan after partition. Rafi and Abdul Hameed married each one of two sisters in Mumbai in the late 1940s. Rafi had one son from his first marriage and three sons and three daughters from his second marriage with Bilquis in Mumbai. He was very much a family man, following a recording-room, to home, to recording-room itenerary. He never attended film parties, did not smoke or drink, was religious, and was considered a humble man. He used to perform his riyaz (musical practice) regularly. His only indulgences were playing carom, badminton, and flying kites.

Awards[link]

; Honorary 1948 - Rafi received a silver medal from the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on the first anniversary of the Indian Independence Day.

1967 - Honoured with the Padma Shri by the Government of India.

1974 - Film World magazine Best Singer Award for the song "Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad" (Hawas, 1974).

2001 - Rafi was honored with the "Best Singer of the Millennium" by Hero Honda and Stardust magazine. Rafi won with 70% of the votes.

; National Film Awards

! Year	! Song	! Film	! Music director	! Lyricist	! Result
1977	"Kya Hua Tera Wada"	''Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin''	Rahul Dev Burman	Majrooh Sultanpuri

; Filmfare Awards

! Year	! Song	! Film	! Music director	! Lyricist	! Result
1960	"Chaudhvin Ka Chand Ho"	''Chaudhvin Ka Chand''	Bombay Ravi	Shakeel Badayuni
1961	"Teri Pyaari Pyaari Surat Ko"		Shankar Jaikishan
1961	"Husnwale Tera Jawab Nahin"		Bombay Ravi	Shakeel Badayuni
1962	"Aye Gulbadan Aye Gulbadan"		Shankar Jaikishan
1963	"Mere Mehboob Tujhe"	''Mere Mehboob''	Naushad	Shakeel Badayuni
1964	"Chahunga Main Tujhe"	''Dosti''	Laxmikant-Pyarelal	Majrooh Sultanpuri
1965	"Chhoo Lene Do Nazuk Hothon Ko"	''Kaajal''	Bombay Ravi	Sahir Ludhianvi
1966	"Baharo Phool Barsao"	''Suraj''	Shankar Jaikishan
1968	"Dil Ke Jharoke Mein"		Shankar Jaikishan
1968	"Mein Gaaon Tum Sojaao"		Shankar Jaikishan
1969	"Badi Mastani Hai"	''Jeene Ki Raah''	Laxmikant-Pyarelal	Anand Bakshi
1970	"Khilona Jaan Kar"	''Khilona''	Laxmikant-Pyarelal	Anand Bakshi
1973	"Hum Ko To Jaan Se Pyaari"	''Naina''	Shankar Jaikishan	Hasrat Jaipuri
1974	"Achha Hi Huva Dil Toot Gaya"	''Maa Bahen Aur Biwi''	Sharda	Qamar Jalalabadi, Vedpal Varma
1977	"Kya Hua Tera Wada"	''Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin''	Rahul Dev Burman	Majrooh Sultanpuri
1977	"Pardah Hai Pardah"	''Amar Akbar Anthony''	Laxmikant-Pyarelal	Anand Bakshi
1978	"Aadmi Musaafir Hai"	''Apnapan''	Laxmikant-Pyarelal	Anand Bakshi
1979	"Chalo Re Doli Uthao Kahaar"	''Jaani Dushman''	Laxmikant-Pyarelal	Varma Malik
1980	"Mere Dost Kissa Yeh"		Laxmikant-Pyarelal	Anand Bakshi
1980	"Dard-e-dil Dard-e-jigar"		Laxmikant-Pyarelal	Anand Bakshi
1980	"Maine Poocha Chand Se"	''Abdullah''	Rahul Dev Burman	Anand Bakshi

;Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards

! Year	! Film	! Music director	! Lyricist	! Result
1957		O. P. Nayyar	Majrooh Sultanpuri
1965	''Dosti''	Laxmikant Pyarelal	Majrooh Sultanpuri
1966		Shankar Jaikishan	Hasrat Jaipuri

;Sur Sringar Award

! Year	! Film	! Music director	! Lyricist	! Result
1964			Sahir Ludhyanvi

References[link]

External links[link]

Mohammad Rafi at the Internet Movie Database

Category:1924 births Category:1980 deaths Category:Bollywood playback singers Category:Indian film singers Category:Indian Muslims Category:People from Amritsar district Category:Indian male singers Category:Filmfare Awards winners Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri Category:Punjabi people Category:Indian musicians Category:Indian singers Category:People from Mumbai Category:Konkani-language singers Category:Marathi-language singers

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name	Amitabh Bachchan
birth name
birth date	October 11, 1942
birth place	Allahabad, United Provinces, British India
residence	Prateeksha, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
occupation	Actor, producer, singer, television presenter
years active	1969–present
spouse	Jaya Bhaduri (1973–present)
children
website
signature	}}

Amitabh Bachchan (, born Amitabh Harivansh Bachchan on 11 October 1942) is an Indian film actor. He first gained popularity in the early 1970s as the "angry young man" of Hindi cinema, and has since appeared in over 180 Indian films in a career spanning more than four decades. Bachchan is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema.

Bachchan has won numerous major awards in his career, including three National Film Awards as Best Actor, and fourteen Filmfare Awards. He is the most-nominated performer in any major acting category at Filmfare, with 37 nominations overall. In addition to acting, Bachchan has worked as a playback singer, film producer and television presenter. He also had a stint in politics in the 1980s. He has received both the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan civilian awards from the Indian government.

Early life[link]

Bachban was born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. His father, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, was a Hindi poet, and his mother, Teji Bachchan, was a Sikh from Faisalabad (now in Pakistan). Bachchan was initially named Inquilaab, inspired from the famous phrase Inquilab Zindabad, during the Indian independence struggle. However, at the suggestion of fellow poet Sumitranandan Pant, Harivansh Rai changed the name to Amitabh which means, "the light that would never go off." Though his surname was Shrivastava, his father had adopted the pen-name Bachchan (meaning child-like in colloquial Hindi), under which he published all his works. It is with this last name that Amitabh debuted in films, and, for all public purposes, it has become the surname of all members of his family. Bachchan's father died in 2003, and his mother in 2007.

Amitabh is the eldest of Harivansh Rai Bachchan's two sons, the second being Ajitabh. His mother had a keen interest in theatre and had been offered a role in a film, but preferred her domestic duties. She had some degree of influence in Bachchan's choice of career because she always insisted that he should take the centre stage. He attended Allahabad's Jnana Prabodhini and Boys' High School (BHS), followed by Nainital's Sherwood College, where he majored in the art stream. He later went on to study at Kirori Mal College of the University of Delhi and completed a Bachelor of Science degree. In his twenties, Bachchan gave up a job as freight broker for the shipping firm, Bird and Co., based in Calcutta now known as Kolkata, to pursue a career in acting.

Career[link]

Early work: 1969–1972[link]

Bachchan made his film debut in 1969 as a voice narrator in Mrinal Sen's National Award winning film ''Bhuvan Shome''. Thereafter he got his first acting role as one of the seven protagonists in '' Saat Hindustani'', a film directed by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and featuring Utpal Dutt, Madhu and Jalal Agha. Though the film was not a financial success, Bachchan won his first National Film Award for Best Newcomer.

''Anand'' (1971) followed, where he starred alongside Rajesh Khanna. Bachchan's role as a doctor with a cynical view of life garned him his first Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award. He then played his first negative role as an infatuated lover-turned-murderer in ''Parwaana'' (1971). This was followed by several films including ''Reshma Aur Shera'' (1971). During this time, he made a guest appearance in the film ''Guddi'' which starred his future wife Jaya Bhaduri. He narrated part of the film ''Bawarchi''. In 1972, he made an appearance in the road action comedy ''Bombay to Goa'', directed by S. Ramanathan. Many of his films during this early period did not do well, but that was about to change.

Rise to stardom: 1973–1983[link]

Director Prakash Mehra cast him in the leading role for the film ''Zanjeer'' (1973) as Inspector Vijay Khanna. The film was a sharp contrast to the romantically themed films that had generally preceded it and established Amitabh in a new persona—the "angry young man" of Bollywood cinema. He earned a Filmfare nomination for Best Actor. Filmfare considers this one of the iconic performances of Bollywood history. The year 1973 was also when he married Jaya, and around this time they appeared in several films together; not only in ''Zanjeer'' but in films such as ''Abhimaan'' which followed and was released only a month after their marriage. Later, Bachchan played the role of Vikram in the film ''Namak Haraam'', a social drama directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and scripted by Biresh Chatterjee addressing themes of friendship. His supporting role won him his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award.

left|thumb|Bachchan in ''[[Deewar (1975 film)|Deewar''.]]In 1974, Bachchan made several guest appearances in films such as ''Kunwara Baap'' and ''Dost'', before playing a supporting role in ''Roti Kapda Aur Makaan''. The film, directed and written by Manoj Kumar, addressed themes of honesty in the face of oppression and financial and emotional hardship. Bachchan then played the leading role in film ''Majboor'', released on 6 December 1974, which was a remake of the Hollywood film Zigzag. The film was only a moderate success at the box office. In 1975, he starred in a variety of film genres from the comedy ''Chupke Chupke'', the crime drama ''Faraar'' to the romantic drama ''Mili''. 1975 was the year when he appeared in two films which are regarded as important in Hindi cinematic history. He starred in the Yash Chopra directed film ''Deewaar'', opposite Shashi Kapoor, Nirupa Roy, and Neetu Singh, which earned him a Filmfare Nomination for Best Actor. The film became a major hit at the box office in 1975, ranking in at number 4. ''Indiatimes Movies'' ranks ''Deewaar'' amongst the ''Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films''. Released on 15 August 1975 was ''Sholay'' (meaning flames), which became the highest grossing film of all time in India, earning INR 2,36,45,00,000 equivalent to US$ 60 million, after adjusting for inflation. Bachchan played the role of Jaidev. In 1999, BBC India declared it the "Film of the Millennium" and like ''Deewar'', has been cited by ''Indiatimes movies'' as amongst the ''Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films''. In that same year, the judges of the 50th annual Filmfare Awards awarded it with the special distinction award called Filmfare Best Film of 50 Years.

Bachchan starred in comedies such as ''Chupke Chupke'' (1975) and ''Amar Akbar Anthony'' (1977) and in films such as ''Kabhie Kabhie'' (1976). In 1976, he was once again cast by director Yash Chopra in his second film, ''Kabhi Kabhie'', a romantic tale in which Bachchan starred as a young poet named Amit Malhotra who falls deeply in love with a beautiful young girl named Pooja played by actress Rakhee Gulzar. The film saw him again nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award. In 1977, he won his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in ''Amar Akbar Anthony'' where he played the third lead opposite Vinod Khanna and Rishi Kapoor as Anthony Gonsalves. In 1978 he starred in all four of the highest grossing films of India in that year. He once again resumed double roles in films such as ''Kasme Vaade'' as Amit and Shankar and ''Don'' playing the characters of Don, a leader of an underworld gang and his look alike Vijay. His performance won him his second Filmfare Best Actor Award. He also performed in ''Trishul'' and ''Muqaddar Ka Sikandar'' which both earned him further Filmfare Best Actor nominations. He was billed a "one-man industry" by the French director François Truffaut.

In 1979, for the first time, Amitabh was required to use his singing voice for the film ''Mr. Natwarlal'' in which he starred alongside Rekha. His performance in the film saw him nominated for both the Filmfare Best Actor Award and the Filmfare Best Male Playback Awards. In 1979, he also received Best Actor nomination for ''Kaala Patthar'' (1979) and then went on to be nominated again in 1980 for the Raj Khosla directed film ''Dostana'', in which he starred opposite Shatrughan Sinha and Zeenat Aman. ''Dostana'' proved to be the top grossing film of 1980. In 1981, he starred in Yash Chopra's melodrama film ''Silsila'', where he starred alongside his wife Jaya and rumoured lover Rekha. Other films of this period include ''Ram Balram'' (1980), ''Shaan'' (1980), ''Lawaaris'' (1981), and ''Shakti'' (1982) which pitted him against legendary actor Dilip Kumar.

1982 injury while filming ''Coolie''[link]

On 26 July 1982, while filming ''Coolie'' in the University Campus in Bangalore, Bachchan suffered a near fatal intestinal injury during the filming of a fight scene with co-actor Puneet Issar. Bachchan was performing his own stunts in the film and one scene required him to fall onto a table and then on the ground. However as he jumped towards the table, the corner of the table struck his abdomen, resulting in a splenic rupture from which he lost a significant amount of blood. He required an emergency splenectomy and remained critically ill in hospital for many months, at times close to death. The public response included prayers in temples and offers to sacrifice limbs to save him, while later, there were long queues of well-wishing fans outside the hospital where he was recuperating. Nevertheless, he spent many months recovering and resumed filming later that year after a long period of recuperation. The film was released in 1983, and partly due to the huge publicity of Bachchan's accident, the film was a box office success.

The director, Manmohan Desai, altered the ending of ''Coolie'' after Bachchan's accident. Bachchan's character was originally intended to have been killed off but after the change of script, the character lived in the end. It would have been inappropriate, said Desai, for the man who had just fended off death in real life to be killed on screen. Also, in the released film the footage of the fight scene is frozen at the critical moment, and a caption appears onscreen marking this as the instant of the actor's injury and the ensuing publicity of the accident.

Later, he was diagnosed with Myasthenia gravis. His illness made him feel weak both mentally and physically and he decided to quit films and venture into politics. At this time he became pessimistic, expressing concern with how a new film would be received and stated before every release, "Yeh film to flop hogi!" ("This film will flop").

Politics: 1984–87[link]

In 1984, Bachchan took a break from acting and briefly entered politics in support of long-time family friend, Rajiv Gandhi. He contested Allahabad's seat of 8th Lok Sabha against H. N. Bahuguna, former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and won by one of the highest victory margins in general election history (68.2% of the vote). His political career, however, was short-lived: he resigned after three years, calling politics a cesspool. The resignation followed the implication of Bachchan and his brother in the "Bofors scandal" by a newspaper, which he vowed to take to court. Bachchan was eventually found not guilty of involvement in the ordeal.

His old friend, Amar Singh, helped him during a financial crisis due to the failure of his company ABCL. Therefore Bachchan started to support Amar Singh's political party, the Samajwadi party. Jaya Bachchan joined the Samajwadi Party and became a Rajya Sabha member. Bachchan has continued to do favors for the Samajwadi party, including advertisements and political campaigns. These activities have recently gotten him into trouble again in the Indian courts for false claims after a previous incident of submission of legal papers by him, stating that he is a farmer.

A 15 year press ban against Bachchan was imposed during his peak acting years by ''Stardust'' and some of the other film magazines. In his own defense, Bachchan claimed to have banned the press from entering his sets until late 1989.

Slump and retirement: 1988–1992[link]

In 1988, Bachchan returned to films, playing the title role in ''Shahenshah'', which was a box office success due to the hype of Bachchan's comeback. After the success of his comeback film however, his star power began to wane as all of his subsequent films failed at the box office. The 1991 hit film, ''Hum'', for which he won his third Filmfare Best Actor Award, looked like it might reverse this trend, but the momentum was short-lived as his string of box office failures continued. Notably, despite the lack of hits, it was during this period that Bachchan won his first National Film Award for Best Actor, for his performance as a Mafia don in the 1990 film ''Agneepath''. These years would be the last he would be seen on screen for some time. After the release of ''Khuda Gawah'' in 1992, Bachchan went into semi-retirement for five years. In 1994, one of his delayed films ''Insaniyat'' was released but was also a box office failure.

Producer and acting comeback 1996–99[link]

Bachchan turned producer during his temporary retirement period, setting up Amitabh Bachchan Corporation, Ltd. (A.B.C.L.) in 1996, with the vision of becoming a 10 billion rupees (approx 250 million $US) premier entertainment company by the year 2000. ABCL's strategy was to introduce products and services covering the entire section of the India's entertainment industry. Its operations were mainstream commercial film production and distribution, audio cassettes and video discs, production and marketing of television software, celebrity and event management. Soon after the company was launched in 1996, the first film was produced by the company. ''Tere Mere Sapne'' failed to do well at the box office but launched the careers of actors such as Arshad Warsi and South films star Simran. ABCL produced a few other films, none of which did well.

In 1997, Bachchan attempted to make his acting comeback with the film ''Mrityudata'', produced by ABCL. Though ''Mrityudaata'' attempted to reprise Bachchan's earlier success as an action hero, the film was a failure both financially and critically. ABCL was the main sponsor of the ''1996 Miss World beauty pageant'', Bangalore but lost millions. The fiasco and the consequent legal battles surrounding ABCL and various entities after the event, coupled with the fact that ABCL was reported to have overpaid most of its top level managers, eventually led to its financial and operational collapse in 1997. The company went into administration and was later declared a failed company by Indian Industries board. The Bombay high court, in April 1999, restrained Bachchan from selling off his Bombay bungalow 'Prateeksha' and two flats till the pending loan recovery cases of Canara Bank were disposed of. Bachchan had, however, pleaded that he had mortgaged his bungalow to Sahara India Finance for raising funds for his company.

Bachchan attempted to revive his acting career and had average success with ''Bade Miyan Chote Miyan'' (1998), and received positive reviews for ''Sooryavansham'' (1999) but other films such as ''Lal Baadshah'' (1999) and ''Hindustan Ki Kasam'' (1999) were box office failures.

Return to prominence: 2000–present[link]

In 2000, Amitabh Bachchan appeared in Yash Chopra's box-office hit, ''Mohabbatein'', directed by Aditya Chopra. He played a stern, older figure that rivalled the character of Shahrukh Khan. His role won him his third Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award. Other hits followed, with Bachchan appearing as an older family patriarch in ''Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love'' (2001), ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...'' (2001) and ''Baghban'' (2003). As an actor, he continued to perform in a range of characters, receiving critical praise for his performances in ''Aks'' (2001), ''Aankhen'' (2002), ''Khakee'' (2004) and ''Dev'' (2004). One project that did particularly well for Bachchan was Sanjay Leela Bhansali's ''Black'' (2005). The film starred Bachchan as an aging teacher of a deaf-blind girl and followed their relationship. His performance was unanimously praised by critics and audiences and won him his second National Film Award for Best Actor and fourth Filmfare Best Actor Award. Taking advantage of this resurgence, Amitabh began endorsing a variety of products and services, appearing in many television and billboard advertisements. In 2005 and 2006, he starred with his son Abhishek in the hit films ''Bunty Aur Babli'' (2005), the ''Godfather'' tribute ''Sarkar'' (2005), and ''Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna'' (2006). All of them were successful at the box office. His later releases in 2006 and early 2007 were ''Baabul'' (2006), ''Ekalavya'' and ''Nishabd'' (2007), which failed to do well at the box office but his performances in each of them were praised by critics.

In May 2007, two of his films ''Cheeni Kum'' and the multi-starrer ''Shootout at Lokhandwala'' were released. ''Shootout at Lokhandwala'' did very well at the box office and was declared a hit in India, while ''Cheeni Kum'' picked up after a slow start and only had average success. A remake of his biggest hit, ''Sholay'' (1975), entitled ''Ram Gopal Varma Ki Aag'', released in August of that same year and proved to be a major commercial failure in addition to its poor critical reception. The year also marked Bachchan's first appearance in an English-language film, Rituparno Ghosh's ''The Last Lear''. The film premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2007. He received positive reviews from critics who hailed his performance as his best ever since ''Black''. Bachchan was slated to play a supporting role in his first international film, ''Shantaram'', directed by Mira Nair and starring Hollywood actor Johnny Depp in the lead. The film was due to begin filming in February 2008 but due to the writer's strike, was pushed to September 2008. The film is currently "shelved" indefinitely. Vivek Sharma's ''Bhoothnath'', in which he plays the title role as a ghost, was released on 9 May 2008. ''Sarkar Raj'', the sequel of the 2005 film ''Sarkar'', released in June 2008 and received a positive response at the box-office. ''Paa'', which released at the end of 2009 was a highly anticipated project as it saw him playing his own son Abhishek's Progeria-affected 13-year-old son, and it opened to favourable reviews, particularly towards Bachchan's performance. It won him his third National Film Award for Best Actor and fifth Filmfare Best Actor Award. In 2010, he debuted in Malayalam film through ''Kandahar'', directed by Major Ravi and co-starring Mohanlal. The film was based on the hijacking incident of the Indian Airlines Flight 814. Bachchan did not receive any remuneration for this film.

Television career[link]

In the year 2000, Bachchan stepped up to host India's adaptation of the British television game show, ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?'' entitled, ''Kaun Banega Crorepati''. As it did in most other countries where it was adopted, the program found immediate success. He has hosted all but one of the seasons of the show. Canara Bank withdrew its law suit against Bachchan in November 2000. Bachchan hosted ''KBC'' till November 2005, when he fell ill. At that time he was admitted to Lilavati Hospital's ICU once more, to undergo surgery for diverticulitis of the small intestine. During the period and that following his recovery, most of his projects were put on hold, including ''KBC''. He has hosted all but one season of the show. Its success set the stage for his return to film popularity. In 2009 Oscar winning movie ''Slumdog Millionaire'' in the first question of ''Who Wants to be a Millionaire?'' contest "Amitabh Bachchan" was the correct answer to the question "Who was the star of ''Zanjeer''? Feroz Abbas Khan performed as Amitabh Bachchan in a scene in the movie while Anil Kapoor performed as the host of the contest. Bachchan hosted the third season of the reality show ''Bigg Boss'' in 2009.

Voice[link]

Bachchan is known for his deep, baritone voice. He has been a narrator, a playback singer and presenter for numerous programmes. Renowned film director Satyajit Ray was so impressed with Bachchan's voice, that he decided to use his voice as commentary in ''Shatranj Ke Khilari'' since he could not find a suitable role for him. In 2005, Bachchan has lent his voice to the Oscar-winning French documentary March of the Penguins, directed by Luc Jacquet.

Controversies and criticism[link]

Barabanki land case[link]

In the runup to the Uttar Pradesh state assembly elections, 2007, Bachchan made a film extolling the virtues of the Mulayam Singh government. His Samajwadi Party was routed, and Mayawati came to power.

On 2 June 2007 a Faizabad court ruled that he had legally acquired agricultural land designated specifically for landless Dalit farmers. It was speculated that he might be investigated on related charges of forgery, as he has allegedly claimed he was a farmer. On 19 July 2007, after the scandal broke out, Bachchan surrendered the land acquired in Barabanki in Uttar Pradesh and Pune. He wrote to the chief minister of Maharashtra, Vilasrao Deshmukh, to donate the lands that were allegedly acquired illegally in Pune. However, the Lucknow Court has put a stay on the land donation and said that the status quo on the land be maintained.

On 12 October 2007, Bachchan abandoned his claim in respect of the land at Daulatpur village in Barabanki district. On 11 December 2007, the Lucknow bench of the Allahabad High Court gave a clean chit to Bachchan in a case pertaining to alleged fraudulent allotment of government land to him in Barabanki district. A single Lucknow bench of Justice said there was no finding that the actor "himself committed any fraud or manipulated any surreptitious entry in the revenue records".

After receiving a positive verdict in Barabanki case, Amitabh Bachchan intimated to Maharashtra government that he did not wish to surrender his land in Maval tehsil of Pune district.

Raj Thackeray's criticism[link]

In January 2008 at political rallies, Raj Thackeray, the chief of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, targeted Amitabh Bachchan, asserting that the actor was "more inclined" towards his native state than Maharashtra. He expressed his disapproval of Amitabh's inaugurating a girls' school named after his daughter-in-law, actress Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, at Barabanki in Uttar Pradesh, rather than in Maharashtra. According to media reports, Raj's censure of Amitabh, whom he admires, stemmed out of his disappointment of not being invited to Amitabh's son Abhishek's marriage to Aishwarya, despite invitations to his estranged uncle Bal and cousin Uddhav.

Responding to Raj's accusations, the actor's wife, SP MP Jaya Bachchan, said that the Bachchans were willing to start a school in Mumbai, provided the MNS leader donated the land to build it. She told the media, "I heard that Raj Thackeray owns huge properties in Maharashtra, in Mumbai—Kohinoor Mills. If he is willing to donate land, we can start a school in the name of Aishwarya here." Raj responded to it saying, "Jaya bachchan claims she does not know me then how come she knows how much property I own?". Amitabh abstained from commenting on the issue. However, he apologized to Raj for controversial remarks from Jaya in some other incidence. "

Bal Thackeray refuted the allegations, stating, "Amitabh Bachchan is an open-minded person, he has great love for Maharashtra, and this is evident on many occasions. The actor has often said that Maharashtra and specially Mumbai has given him great fame and affection. He has also said that what he is today is because of the love people have given him. The people of Mumbai have always acknowledged him as an artiste. It was utter foolishness to make these parochial allegations against him. Amitabh is a global superstar. People all over the world respect him. This cannot be forgotten by anyone. Amitabh should ignore these silly accusations and concentrate on his acting."

On 23 March 2008, more than a month and half after Raj's remarks, Amitabh finally spoke out in an interview to a local tabloid saying, "Random charges are random; they do not deserve the kind of attention you wish me to give." Later, on 28 March at a press conference for the International Indian Film Academy, when asked what his take was on the anti-migrant issue, Amitabh said that it is one's fundamental right to live anywhere in the country and the constitution entitles so. He also stated that he was not affected by Raj's comments.

Awards, honours and recognitions[link]

Apart from National Film Awards, Filmfare Awards and other competitive awards which Bachchan won for his performances throughout the years, he has been awarded several honours for his achievements in the Indian film industry. In 1991, he became the first artist to receive the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award, which was established in the name of Raj Kapoor. Bachchan was crowned as Superstar of the Millennium in 2000 at the Filmfare Awards. The Government of India awarded him with the Padma Shri in 1984 and the Padma Bhushan in 2001. France's highest civilian honour, the Knight of the Legion of Honour, was conferred upon him by the French Government in 2007 for his "exceptional career in the world of cinema and beyond". In 2011, actor Dilip Kumar blogged that ''Black'' should have been nominated for an Oscar. Kumar added: "If any Indian actor, in my personal opinion, deserves the world's most coveted award, it is you."

In 1999, Bachchan was voted the "greatest star of stage or screen" in a BBC ''Your Millenium'' online poll. The organisation noted that "Many people in the western world will not have heard of [him] ...[but it] is a reflection of the huge popularity of Indian films." In 2001, he was honoured with the Actor of the Century award at the Alexandria International Film Festival in Egypt in recognition of his contribution to the world of cinema. Many other honours for his achievements were conferred upon him at several International Film Festivals, including the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 Asian Film Awards.

In June 2000, he became the first living Asian to have been immortalised in wax at London's Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. Another statue was installed in New York and Hong Kong in 2009.

In 2003, he was conferred with the Honorary Citizenship of the French town of Deauville. He was honoured with an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Jhansi, India, in 2004, the University of Delhi in 2006, the De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, in 2006, the University Brandan Foster by the Leeds Metropolitan University in Yorkshire, UK, in 2007, and the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, in 2011.

Severals books have been written about Bachchan. ''Amitabh Bachchan: the Legend'' was published in 1999, ''To be or not to be: Amitabh Bachchan'' in 2004, ''AB: The Legend: (A Photographer's Tribute)'' in 2006 /, ''Amitabh Bachchan: Ek Jeevit Kimvadanti'' in 2006, ''Amitabh: The Making of a Superstar'' in 2006, ''Looking for the Big B: Bollywood, Bachchan and Me'' in 2007 and ''Bachchanalia'' in 2009. Bachchan himself also wrote a book in 2002: ''Soul Curry for you and me – An Empowering Philosophy That Can Enrich Your Life''. In the early 80s, Bachchan authorized the use of his likeness for the comic book character Supremo in a series titled ''The Adventures of Amitabh Bachchan''.

Personal life[link]

Bachchan is married to actress Jaya Bhaduri. They have two children, Shweta Nanda and Abhishek Bachchan. Abhishek is also an actor and is married to actress Aishwarya Rai.

Filmography[link]

Latest films[link]

''Eklavya: The Royal Guard'' ''Jodhaa Akbar'' ''Delhi-6'' ''Rann (film) ''Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap'' ''Department (film)

Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
rowspan="4"	2006	''Family — Ties of Blood''	Viren Sahi
''Darna Zaroori Hai''	Professor
''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna''	Samarjit Singh Talwar (aka. Sexy Sam)
''Baabul (2006 film)	Baabul''	Balraj Kapoor
rowspan="7"	2007	|	Eklavya
''Nishabd''	Vijay
''Cheeni Kum''	Buddhadev Gupta/Ghaspus
''Shootout at Lokhandwala''	Special appearance, Dingra
''Jhoom Barabar Jhoom''	Special appearance, Sutradhar
''Ram Gopal Varma Ki Aag''	Babban Singh
''Om Shanti Om (film)	Om Shanti Om''	Special appearance, Himself
rowspan="5"	2008	|	Narrator
''Bhoothnath''	Bhoothnath (Kailash Nath)
''Sarkar Raj''	Subhash Nagre aka Sarkar
''God Tussi Great Ho''	God Almighty
''The Last Lear''	Harish 'Harry' Mishra
rowspan="3"	2009	|	Special appearance, Dadaji
''Aladin (2009 film)	Aladin''	Genius the Gennie
''Paa (film)	Paa''	Auro
rowspan="3"	2010	Rann'' ||	Vijay Harshvardhan Malik
''Teen Patti (film)	Teen Patti''	Venkat
''Kandahar (2010 film)	Kandahar''	Lokanathan Sharma
rowspan="3"	2011	|
''Aarakshan''	Prabhakar Anand
''Ra.One''	Voice-over
rowspan="3"	2012	Department'' ||
''Taalismaan''
''The Great Gatsby (2012 film)	The Great Gatsby''	Meyer Wolfsheim

Producer[link]

! Year !! Film
1996
	''Ullaasam''
''Mrityudata''
1998	''Major Saab''
1998	''Saat Rang Ke Sapne''
2001
2005	''Viruddh... Family Comes First''
2006	''Family — Ties of Blood''

Playback singer[link]

! Year !! Film
	''The Great Gambler''
''Mr. Natwarlal''
''Silsila''
	''Mahaan''
1984	''Sharaabi''
	''Toofan''
''Jaadugar''
1992	''Khuda Gawah''
1998	''Major Saab''
1999	''Sooryavansham''
''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...''
2002
''Aetbaar''
2006
	''Nishabd''
''Cheeni Kum''
2008	''Bhoothnath''
2011	''Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap''
2012	''Kahaani''

Further reading[link]

Mazumdar, Ranjani.'' Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007.

References[link]

External links[link]

Amitabh Bachchan's official blog

Amitabh Bachchan Documentary, Classic BBC Archive video and exclusive interview conducted in Amitabh's own house for BBC Asian Network

British Academy of Film and Television Arts brochure

Category:1942 births Category:Bigg Boss Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur Category:Filmfare Awards winners Category:Hindi film actors Category:Indian actors Category:Indian actor–politicians Category:Indian amateur radio operators Category:Indian film actors Category:Indian film producers Category:Indian Hindus Category:Indian hip hop singers Category:Indian male singers Category:Indian playback singers Category:Indian pop singers Category:Indian socialists Category:Indian television presenters Category:Indian vegetarians Category:Kirori Mal College alumni Category:Living people Category:National Film Award winners Category:People from Allahabad Category:People from Uttar Pradesh Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri Category:Uttar Pradesh politicians Category:Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Category:8th Lok Sabha members Category:University of Delhi alumni

ar:أميتاب باتشان as:অমিতাভ বচ্চন az:Amitabh Baççan bn:অমিতাভ বচ্চন br:Amitabh Bachchan ca:Amitabh Bachchan de:Amitabh Bachchan dv:އަމީތާބް ބައްޗަން el:Αμιτάμπ Μπατσάν es:Amitabh Bachchan eo:Amitabh Bachchan fa:آمیتاب باچان fr:Amitabh Bachchan gu:અમિતાભ બચ્ચન ko:아미타브 밧찬 hi:अमिताभ बच्चन id:Amitabh Bachchan it:Amitabh Bachchan he:אמיטאב באצ'אן jv:Amitabh Bachchan kn:ಅಮಿತಾಭ್ ಬಚ್ಚನ್ kk:Амитабх Баччан hu:Amitábh Baccsan ml:അമിതാഭ് ബച്ചൻ mr:अमिताभ बच्चन arz:اميتاب باتشان ms:Amitabh Bachchan nl:Amitabh Bachchan ne:अमिताभ बच्चन ja:アミターブ・バッチャン no:Amitabh Bachchan or:ଅମିତାଭ ବଚ୍ଚନ ps:اميتاببچن pl:Amitabh Bachchan pt:Amitabh Bachchan ru:Баччан, Амитабх sa:अमिताभ बच्चन् sh:Amitabh Bachchan fi:Amitabh Bachchan sv:Amitabh Bachchan ta:அமிதாப் பச்சன் te:అమితాబ్ బచ్చన్ th:อมิตาภ พัจจัน tg:Амитабх Бачан tr:Amitabh Bachchan uk:Амітабх Баччан ur:امیتابھ بچن zh:阿米塔布·巴沙坎

name	Sunny Deol
birth name	Ajay Singh Deol
birth place	New Delhi, India
birth date	October 19, 1956
Ethnicity	Punjabi
years active	1983-Present
occupation	Actor, Director, Producer
spouse	Pooja Deolਪੂਜਾ ਦਿਓਲ
parents	Dharmendra, Prakash Kaur
residence	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
relatives	Bobby Deol (younger brother)Hema Malini (step-mother)Esha Deol (half-sister)Ahana Deol (half-sister)Abhay Deol (first cousin) }}

Sunny Deol is an Indian film actor, producer and director. Often referred to as "Action King of Bollywood". Deol was born to Bollywood actor Dharmendra. He has won two National Film Awards and two Filmfare Awards. He went to England to study acting. He joined theater called the Old Web Theater in Birmingham, England where he studied theatre and acting while films like Betaab (1983), Arjun (1985), Paap Ki Duniya (1988), Tridev (1989), Ghayal (1990), Damini – Lightning (1993), Darr (1993), Jeet (1996), Ghatak: Lethal (1996), Ziddi (1997), Indian (2001), The Hero: Love Story of a Spy (2003), Apne (2007), Yamla Pagla Deewana (2011) are other successful films thus making him successful leading actors of Bollywood. Gadar: Ek Prem Katha is the second-highest grossing movie of Indian film history, if inflation is taken into account and also most watched of modern era in theaters.

Early life[link]

Deol was born into a Punjabi -Sikh family in Sahnewal village of East Punjab (India) to Bollywood actor Dharmendra and Prakash Kaur. Sunny is eldest son of Dharmendra. His stepmother is Hema Malini. He has a brother Bobby Deol and two sisters Vijayta Deol and Ajeeta Deol who are settled in California, he also has two half-sisters, Esha Deol and Ahana Deol. The former being an actress, has worked in some successful Bollywood flicks.His cousin Abhay Deol is also a successful actor.

Career[link]

1980s[link]

Sunny Deol made his film debut opposite debutant Amrita Singh in ''Betaab'' (1983) which was a blockbuster & launched both Sunny & Amrita Singh's career's. His performance won him his first Filmfare Best Actor Award Nomination. He then went through a lean phase for a couple of years until Rahul Rawail's ''Arjun'' (1985) came. He played the titular role of an unemployed youngster in ''Arjun''. The film went on to become a major hit and established Sunny’s status as an action hero. What followed were a bunch of hits like ''Dacait'' (1987), ''Yateem'' (1988) and ''Paap Ki Duniya'' (1988) In 1989, he had back to back hits with Rajiv Rai's ''Tridev'' and Pankaj Parashar's ''Chaalbaaz''

1990s[link]

With his portrayal of an amateur boxer wrongly accused of his brother’s murder in Rajkumar Santoshi's ''Ghayal'', Sunny proved that he still ruled the industry when it came to action sequences. Produced by the home banner ''Vijayta Films'', the movie was an instant hit with the masses and went on to win seven Filmfare Awards. His performance won him his first Filmfare Best Actor Award and also his first National Film Award. In 1991, Sunny starred in about 5 films but only ''Narsimha'' was a success. Rajiv Rai's ''Vishwatma'' was Sunny's only release in 1992. His role of a lawyer in ''Damini – Lightning'' (1993) fetched him several awards and accolades in Bollywood. He shared screen space with Juhi Chawla and Shah Rukh Khan in Yash Chopra’s blockbuster ''Darr''. In the mid-nineties he delivered four big hits in a row ''Jeet'' (1996), ''Ghatak: Lethal'' (1996), ''Ziddi'' (1997) and ''Border'' (1997) In 1999, after starring opposite Juhi Chawla in ''Arjun Pandit'', Sunny Deol tried his hand at direction and helmed ''Dillagi''. He also acted alongside younger brother Bobby Deol and Urmila Matondkar in his directorial debut, which was very well appreciated by critics

2000s[link]

In 2001, he starred in the film Farz opposite Preity Zinta. Sunny played the role of lorry driver Tara Singh who falls in love with a Muslim girl in Anil Sharma’s ''Gadar: Ek Prem Katha''. The partition saga went to become an all time blockbuster and was the highest grossing Bollywood film ever that time and currently 5th highest grossing Bollywood film. He was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award for his portrayal. His third release that year saw him playing the title role in the action film Indian, a remake of the Tamil film Vallarasu in which Sunny essayed the character of DCP Rajshekhar Azad, an honest police officer. The movie was a success. Sunny’s next few projects were extremely patriotic in nature and struck a chord with audiences across the country. He played the role of an Indian military officer in ''Maa Tujhhe Salaam'' and essayed the character of freedom fighter Chandrashekhar Azad in ''23rd March 1931: Shaheed''.

In 2003 Sunny Deol teamed up with director Anil Sharma yet again for ''The Hero: Love Story of a Spy'', which also starred Preity Zinta and Priyanka Chopra in her first onscreen appearance. which released on 11 April and was billed as Bollywood's most expensive film that time with an estimated budget of The film received mostly positive reviews from critics and became the third highest-grossing Bollywood film of that year Sunny made an appearance alongside Dharmendra and Bobby Deol in ''Apne'' (2007) and then yet again in ''Yamla Pagla Deewana''

2010s[link]

Deol's first release of 2010 was ''Right Yaaa Wrong''. The film was critically successful, but moderately successful commercially. ''Yamla Pagla Deewana'' was Sunny's only release in 2011 and one of the biggest successes of the year In 2011, he started working in ''Radhika Rao'' and ''Vinay Sapru'''s ''I Love New Year'' opposite Tannishtha Chatterjee and in Chandraprakash Dwivedi's Mohalla Assi opposite Sakshi Tanwar but for some reason's both films have been delayed.For the first time in his career, Sunny will lend his voice (for Bheem) in the Animated film ''Mahabharata''; produced by ''Jayantilal Gada'' of PEN India Pvt Ltd. His future ventures includes Sangeeth Sivan's ''Yamla Pagla Deewana 2'', Anil Sharma's ''Singh Saheb The Great'', Rahul Rawail's ''Ghayal Returns'' and Rajkumar Santoshi's Next.

Personal life [link]

Sunny Deol has always maintained a low profile in the media about his personal life. He is married to Pooja Deol. His wife has never faced the media till date like other celebrity wives. The couple have two sons Karan Deol(21) and Rajvir Deol(17).His elder son is set to make debut

Awards and nominations[link]

Apart from National Film Awards, Filmfare Awards and other competitive awards which Deol won for his performances throughout the years, he has been awarded several honours for his achievements in the Indian film industry.

Filmography[link]

Actor[link]

''Sunny (1984 film) ''Zabardast'' ''Saveray Wali Gaadi'' ''Dacait '' ''Yateem '' ''Nigahen: Nagina Part II'' ''Kroadh'' ''Yodha'' ''Vishwatma'' ''Gunaah'' ''Insaniyat (1994 film) ''Imtihaan'' ''Himmat (1996 film) ''Border (1997 film) ''Salaakhen'' ''Pyaar Koi Khel Nahin'' ''Champion (2000 film) ''Farz (2001 film)'' ''Maa Tujhhe Salaam (film) ''The Hero: Love Story of a Spy'' ''Lakeer – Forbidden Lines'' ''Jo Bole So Nihaal (film) ''Naksha'' ''Kaafila'' ''Heroes (2008 film) ''Fox (film) ''Right Yaaa Wrong '' ''Yamla Pagla Deewana'' ''Mahabharata'' ''Yamla Pagla Deewana 2''

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
rowspan="1"	1983	''Betaab''	Sunny
rowspan="2"	1984	Sunny'' ||	Sunny Inderjit
''Manzil Manzil''	Vijay ('Sonu')
rowspan="3"	1985	|	Sunder Kumar/Shyam
''Arjun (1985 film)	Arjun''	Arjun Malvankar
''Sohni Mahiwal''	Mahiwal / Mirza Izzat Beg
rowspan="3"	1986	|	Ravidas
''Sultanat''	Sultan
''Samundar''	Ajit
rowspan="1"	1987	|	Arjun Yadav
rowspan="4"	1988	|	Inspector Krishna
''Inteqam''	Ajay/Birju
''Paap Ki Duniya''	Suraj/Ashok
''Ram-Avtar''	Ram
rowspan="8"	1989	|	Anand
''Majboor''	Inspector Sunil
''Main Tera Dushman''	Gopal
''Joshilaay''	Dara
''Tridev ''	Inspector Karan Saxena
''ChaalBaaz''	Suraj
''Vardi (film)	Vardi''	Ajay Kumar Singh
''Aag Ka Gola''	Vikram Singh/Shankar 'Shaka'
rowspan="2"	1990	|	Ajay 'Ajju' V. Shukla
''Ghayal (1990 film)	Ghayal''		Filmfare Best Actor Award
rowspan="4"	1991	|	Advocate Karan Srivastav
''Shankara''	Shankara
''Narsimha (1991 film)	Narsimha	Narsimha
''Vishnu-Devaa''	Vishnu Prasad/Insp. Vishnu Subramaniam / Jack D'Souza
rowspan="1"	1992	|	Inspector Prabhat Singh
rowspan="7"	1993	|	Ravi Sohni
''Lootere''	Karan
''Kshatriya (1993 film)	Kshatriya''	Vinay Pratap Singh (Surjangarh)
''Damini – Lightning''	Govind	Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award
''Izzat Ki Roti''	Jeet
''Veerta	Mangal Singh
''Darr''	Sunil Malhotra
rowspan="1"	1994	Insaniyat'' ||	Karim Lala
rowspan="3"	1995	|	Raja
''Dushmani: A Violent Love Story''	Suraj Singh
''Angrakshak''	Ajay
rowspan="4"	1996	Himmat'' ||	Agent Ajay Saxena
''Jeet (1996 film)	Jeet''	Karan
''Ghatak: Lethal''	Kashi Nath
''Ajay (1996 film)	Ajay''	Ajay
rowspan="5"	1997	Border'' ||	Major Kuldeep Singh	Nominated- Filmfare Best Actor Award
''Ziddi (1997 film)	Ziddi''	Deva Pradhan
''Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya''	Himself
''Qahar''	Raja
''Zor (film)	Zor''	Arjun Singh
rowspan="2"	1998	|	Vishal Agnihotri
''Iski Topi Uske Sarr''	Bhangra dancer
rowspan="3"	1999	|	Anand
''Arjun Pandit''	Arjun Dixit/Arjun Pandit
''Dillagi (1999 film)	Dillagi ''	Ranvir Singh
rowspan="1"	2000	Champion'' ||	Inspector Rajveer Singh
rowspan="5"	2001	|	DCP Karan Singh
''Gadar: Ek Prem Katha''	Tara Singh
''Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke''	Sagar
''Indian (2001 film)	Indian''	DCP Rajshekhar Azad
''Kasam''	Shankar
rowspan="4"	2002	Maa Tujhhe Salaam'' ||	Major Pratap Singh
''23rd March 1931: Shaheed''	Chandrashekhar Azad
''Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani''	Karan Saxena
''Karz: The Burden of Truth''	Suraj Singh
rowspan="4"	2003	|	Major Arun Khanna/Batra/Wahid
''Kaise Kahoon Ke... Pyaar Hai''	Arjun Singh
''Jaal: The Trap''	Ajay Kaul
''Khel – No Ordinary Game''	A.C.P. Rajveer Scindia
rowspan="2"	2004	|	Arjun Rana
''Rok Sako To Rok Lo''	Kabir (Phantom)
rowspan="1"	2005	Jo Bole So Nihaal'' ||	Havaldar Nihaal Singh
rowspan="2"	2006	|	Veer K. Malhotra
''Teesri Aankh: The Hidden Camera''	ACP Arjun Singh
rowspan="4"	2007	|	Col. Sameer Ahmed Khan
''Fool & Final ''	Munna
''Big Brother (film)	Big Brother''	Devdhar S.'Deva' Gandhi/Sharma
''Apne''	Angad B. Singh Choudhary
rowspan="1"	2008	Heroes'' ||	Squadron Leader Vikram Shergill
rowspan="1"	2009	Fox '' ||	Inspector Yashwant Deshmukh
rowspan="3"	2010	|	ACP Ajay Shridhar
''Khuda Kasam''	Hussain
''Hello Darling''	Nikhil Bajaj
rowspan="1"	2011	|	Paramveer Singh Dhillon
rowspan="3"	2012	|	Bheem (voice)	Animation film
Mohalla Assi	Dharmanath Pandey
''I Love New Year''
rowspan="4"	2013	|		Announced
''Singh Saheb The Great''
''Ghayal Returns''
''Rajkumar Santoshi'''s Next

Director[link]

Year !! Film !! Other notes
1999	Dillagi (1999 film)>Dillagi''

See also [link]

List of Indian film actors

References[link]

External links[link]

Official Website Of Deols

Sunny Deol on Facebook

Deols Official YouTube Channel

Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:Indian actors Category:Indian film actors Category:Filmfare Awards winners Category:Indian film producers Category:Indian film directors Category:Hindi-language film directors Category:National Film Award winners Category:Hindi film actors Category:Punjabi people Category:Indian Sikhs Category:People from Mumbai Category:Mithibai College alumni

dv:ސަނީ ޑިއޯލް es:Sunny Deol fr:Sunny Deol hi:सनी देओल it:Sunny Deol ml:സണ്ണി ദെയോൾ mr:सनी देओल ps:سني ډيول pl:Sunny Deol ta:சன்னி தியோல்

name	Sanjay Dutt
parents	Sunil Dutt Nargis Dutt
birth date	July 29, 1959
height
birth place	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
birth name	Sanjay Balraj Dutt
occupation	Film actor, film producer, comedian, politician, television presenter
yearsactive	1972, 1981–present
spouse	Richa Sharma (1987–1996) (deceased) Rhea Pillai (1995–2005) (divorced) Manyata Dutt (2008–present)
children	Trishala, Shahraan, Iqra }}

Sanjay Dutt (born 29 July 1959) is a prominent Indian Hindi film star, producer and politician. Dutt, son of Hindi film actors Sunil Dutt and Nargis Dutt, made his acting debut in 1981. He has since featured in films that are amongst some of the most popular Hindi language films of the past three decades.

Personal life[link]

Dutt was born on 29 July 1959 to Bollywood megastars Sunil Dutt and Nargis and was educated at The Lawrence School, Sanawar. Dutt married the actress Richa Sharma in 1987. Sharma died of brain tumour. The couple have a daughter, Trishala, born in 1987, who lives in the United States with her grandparents, following a custody battle with Dutt after the death of his wife. Dutt's second marriage was to model Rhea Pillai in 1998. They divorced in 2005. Dutt married Manyata (also known as Dilnawaz Sheikh) in 2008 at a private ceremony in Goa, after two years of dating. On 21 October 2010, he became a father to twins, a boy named Shahraan and a girl named Iqra. He is well known for several altercations with the law, along with many other controversies throughout his life, as well as drug addiction in his early years. He spent 5 months in prison in late 1982 after being caught in possession of illegal substances, upon his release he spent 2 years in the United States, the majority of which was spent in a Texan rehab clinic before returning to India and resuming his career.

Film career[link]

As a child actor, Dutt appeared in the 1972 film ''Reshma Aur Shera'', which starred his father; he appears briefly as a qawali singer. Dutt made his Bollywood movie debut with ''Rocky'' in 1981. His mother passed away three days before the film's premiere. He went on to star in ''Vidhaata'', the highest grossing Hindi film of 1982. In 1985 he shot for his first film in three years with ''Jaan ki baazi'' over the rest of the 1980s, Dutt appeared in successful films such as ''Main Awara Hoon'' (1983), ''Jeeva'' (1986), ''Mera Haque'' (1986), ''Immandaar'', ''Inaam Dus Hazaar'' (1987), ''Jeete Hain Shaan Se'' (1987), ''Ilaaka'' (1989), ''Hum Bhi Insaan Hain'' (1989), ''Mardon Wali Baat'' (1988), ''Kanoon Apna Apna'' (1989), and ''Taaqatwar'' (1989).

The 1986 film ''Naam'' was Dutt's first major critical success, earning praise for his sensitive portrayal of lead character Vicky Kapoor. He also received critical acclaim for his performances in Mahesh Bhatt's ''Kabzaa'' and J. P. Dutta's 1989 ''Hathyar''. His successes continued in the early 1990s, with films that include ''Tejaa'', ''Thanedaar'', ''Khoon Ka Karz'', ''Gumrah'', ''Sahibaan'' and ''Aatish''. He went on to star in some of the most era-defining Indian films of the 1990s such as ''Sadak'', ''Saajan'' (for which he was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award) and ''Khal Nayak'', for which he earned his second Filmfare Best Actor Award nomination. Three weeks before its release, however, in April 1993, he was arrested, charged with involvement in the 1993 Mumbai bombings.

Dutt was imprisoned for most of the next four years, while films he had worked in continued to appear from time to time. Finally released on bail in late 1997, he returned to the screen in director Ram Gopal Verma's now cult film ''Daud'', but despite the movie taking in a phenomenal opening the film crashed and was labelled a flop by critics. He then played a supporting role in the 1998 hit ''Dushman''.

1999 was seen as Sanjay's comback year as he started the year off by starring in the Mahesh Bhatt directed hit ''Kartoos'' along with ''Khoobsurat'', ''Daag: The Fire'', ''Haseena Maan Jayegi'' and, most importantly, the Award winning ''Vaastav: The Reality'', for which he won his first Filmfare Best Actor Award. His supporting role in 2000's ''Mission Kashmir'' won him critical acclaim and a number of awards and nominations, as did his subsequent performance in ''Kurukshetra''. As the decade went on, he continued to play important roles in popular and critical successes such as ''Jodi No.1'' (2001), ''Pitaah'', ''Kaante'' (2002) and the National Award-winning blockbuster ''Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.'', which also garnered him several awards. Later successes came with ''Musafir'' (2004), ''Plan'' (2004), ''Parineeta'' (2005) and ''Dus''.

The blockbuster sequel ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' released in late 2006, coinciding with the start of the Mumbai bombing's trial where the nation became transfixed with Dutt's court ongoings which saw him found not guilty of terrorism related acts but jailed on two occasions between 2006-2007 for short periods, as he was found guilty ''under the possesion of arms act'' despite this he continued appearing in successes like, ''Dhamaal (2007)'', ''Shootout at Lokhandwala'' (2007), and ''All The Best: Fun Begins (2009)'', ''Double Dhamaal (2011)'' and more recently ''Agneepath'' which earned him major critical acclaim once again.

In 2006 news channel NDTV named him Indian of the Year.In 2007 he received an award from the prime minister Manmohan Singh for his work in the ''Munna bhai'' series.. In January 2008,Indian film institute Filmfare listed 14 movies featuring Dutt in its top 100 grossing movies of all time list.

Illegal possession of arms[link]

Due to terrorist interactions, and supposed weapons possession, on 19 April 1993, Sanjay was arrested under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act (TADA). He spent 16 months in jail until he was granted bail in October 1995 by the Supreme Court of India. He was later re-arrested in December 1995 and re-released in April 1997 once again on police bail terms. In 2006 the case opened for sentencing for all accused (see below). The period between 2006-2007 saw Dutt spend 7 months in Arthur Road Prison and Pune prison on three occasions for arms offences, although in 2006 Dutt was finally acquitted of any TADA-related offenses but was charged under the illegal possession of arms act.

In November 1993, a 90,000-page long primary chargesheet was filed against the 189 accused in the 1993 Mumbai bomb blasts case including Sanjay.

In March 2006, when framing muthar charges against extradited Abu Salem and co-accused Riyaz Siddiqui in the 1993 Mumbai bomb blasts case, the prosecution said that Salem delivered 9 AK-56 rifles and some hand grenades to Dutt at his Bandra house in the second week of January 1993.

On 13 February 2007, the special branch of Mumbai police arrested Abdul Qayyum Abdul Karim Shaikh, a close aide of Dawood Ibrahim and wanted by Mumbai Police Special Task Force for his role in the 1993 Mumbai serial blasts from Mumbai. Qayuum had been named by Sanjay Dutt in his confessional statement. Sanjay had said that he met Qayuum in Dubai in September 1992 and bought a pistol from him. According to CBI, the pistol was sold to Sanjay at the instance of Dawood's brother Anees Ibrahim.

On 31 July 2007, Dutt was sentenced to six years rigorous imprisonment for illegally possessing weapons. At the same time, Dutt was also "cleared of terrorism conspiracy charges in the blasts" related to the 1993 bombings. According to ''The Guardian'', "The actor claimed he feared for his life after the notorious "Black Friday" bombings, which were allegedly staged by Mumbai's Muslim-dominated mafia in retaliation for deadly Hindu-Muslim clashes a few months earlier. But the judge, Pramod Kode, rejected this defence and also refused bail." Dutt was immediately taken into custody and sent to Mumbai's Arthur Road Jail. As the sentence was pronounced, Dutt was "visibly shocked and was seen shivering and holding back tears".

On 2 August 2007, Sanjay Dutt was moved from Arthur Road jail in Mumbai to the Yerwada Central Jail in Pune. On 7 August 2007, Dutt appealed the sentence. On 20 August 2007, the Supreme Court of India granted Dutt interim bail. He was released after Yerwada Central Jail authorities received a copy of the court's bail order. The bail was valid until the time the special TADA court, which sentenced Dutt on 31 July, provides a copy of its judgment to him. Dutt was released from jail on 23 August. On 22 October 2007 Dutt was back in jail but again applied for bail. On 27 November 2007, Dutt was granted bail by the Supreme Court. He currently has an appeal for an acquittal pending. In January 2009, Dutt announced that he would contest the 2009 Lok Sabha elections on the Samajwadi Party ticket. However, he withdrew his candidacy in March 2009 after the Supreme Court refused to suspend his conviction, the party instead named him the General Secretary of the party. He left the post in late 2010.

International humanitarian initiatives[link]

On 16 December 2008, he was appointed as a Goodwill Ambassador for IIMSAM — the Intergovernmental Institution for the use of Micro-algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition. He will be promoting the use of Spirulina to help the organization's advocacy and endeavor against malnutrition and hunger. His role will also support IIMSAM's efforts to secure the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by mainstreaming the use of Spirulina to eradicate malnutrition, achieve food security and bridge the health divide with a special priority for the developing and the least developed countries.

Bigg Boss[link]

The veteran actor hosted the fifth season of reality TV show, ''Bigg Boss'' on Colors.

Super Fight League[link]

Dutt and celebrity entrepreneur IPL cricket team owner Raj Kundra together launched India's first professionally organized mixed martial arts league — the Super Fight League — on 16 January 2012.

Awards and honors[link]

Filmography[link]

Actor[link]

''Rocky (1981 film) ''Vidhaata'' ''Johny I Love You'' ''Main Awara Hoon'' ''Bekaraar'' ''Mera Faisla'' ''Zameen Aasmaan'' ''Jaan Ki Baazi'' ''Do Dilon Ki Dastaan'' ''Mera Haque'' ''Jeeva (1986 film) ''Jalwa'' ''Naam (1986 film) ''Naam O Nishan'' ''Inaam Dus Hazaar'' ''Imaandaar'' ''Jeete Hain Shaan Se'' ''Mohabbat Ke Dushman'' ''Khatron Ke Khiladi (film) ''Kabzaa'' ''Mardon Wali Baat'' ''Taaqatwar'' ''Kanoon Apna Apna'' ''Hum Bhi Insaan Hain (1989 film) ''Hathyar (1989 film) ''Do Qaidi'' ''Ilaaka'' ''Kanoon Apna Apna'' ''Zahreelay'' ''Tejaa'' ''Khatarnaak'' ''Jeene Do'' ''Kroadh'' ''Thanedaar'' ''Sadak'' ''Qurbani Rang Layegi'' ''Khoon Ka Karz'' ''Fateh (1991 film) ''Do Matwale'' ''Saajan'' ''Jeena Marna Tere Sang'' ''Adharm (1992 film) ''Sahebzaade'' ''Sarphira'' ''Yalgaar'' ''Sahibaan'' ''Khal Nayak'' ''Kshatriya (film) ''Gumrah (1993 film) ''Meri Aan'' ''Zamane Se Kya Darna'' ''Insaaf Apne Lahoo Se'' ''Aatish: Feel the Fire ''Amaanat'' ''Pyar Ka Rog'' ''Jai Vikraanta'' ''Andolan (film) ''Namak (1996 film) ''Vijeta'' ''Sanam (film) ''Mahaanta'' ''Dus (1997 film) ''Daud (film) ''Dushman (1998 film) ''Chandralekha (1998 film) ''Achanak (1998 film) ''Daag: The Fire'' ''Kartoos'' ''Safari'' ''Haseena Maan Jaayegi'' ''Vaastav: The Reality'' ''Khoobsurat (1999 film) ''Khauff'' ''Baaghi (2000 film) ''Chal Mere Bhai'' ''Jung'' ''Mission Kashmir'' ''Kurukshetra (2000 film) ''Raju Chacha'' ''Nidaan'' ''Jodi No.1'' ''Pitaah'' ''Hum Kisise Kum Nahi (2002 film) ''Yeh Hai Jalwa'' ''Maine Dil Tujhko Diya'' ''Hathyar (2002 film) ''Annarth'' ''Kaante'' ''Ek Aur Ek Gyarah'' ''LOC Kargil'' ''Munnabhai M.B.B.S.'' ''Plan (film) ''Rudraksh (film) ''Rakht'' ''Deewaar (2004 film) ''Musafir (2004 film) ''Tango Charlie'' ''Parineeta (2005 film) ''Dus'' ''Viruddh... Family Comes First'' ''Shaadi No. 1'' ''Ek Ajnabee'' ''Vaah ''Shabd (film) ''Zinda (film) ''Taxi No. 9211'' ''Tathastu'' ''Anthony Kaun Hai'' ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' ''Eklavya: The Royal Guard'' ''Nehlle Pe Dehlla'' ''Sarhad Paar'' ''Shootout at Lokhandwala'' ''Dhamaal'' ''Om Shanti Om'' ''Dus Kahaniyan'' ''Woodstock Villa'' ''Superstar (2008 film) ''Mehbooba (2008 film) ''Kidnap (2008 film) ''EMI – Liya Hai Toh Chukana Parega'' ''Shortkut ''Luck (film) ''Aladin(2009 film) ''Blue (2009 film) ''All The Best: Fun Begins'' ''Kal Kissne Dekha'' ''Lamhaa'' ''Knock Out (2010 film) ''No Problem (film) ''Toonpur Ka Superrhero'' ''Tees Maar Khan'' ''Ready (2011 film) ''Double Dhamaal'' ''Chatur Singh Two Star'' ''Rascals (2011 film) ''Ra.One'' ''Desi Boyz'' ''Agneepath (2012 film) ''S.O.S.-Son Of Sardar'' ''Zilla Ghaziabad'' ''Department (film)'' ''Hum Hain Rahi Car Ke'' ''Jab Jab Fools Mile'' ''Power (2012 film) ''Satte Pe Satta Remake'' ''Munnabhai Ki Aatma Katha'' ''Sanjay Dutt & Soham Shah's Next'' ''Race 2''

Year !! Film !! Role !! class="unsortable"	Notes
1972	''Reshma Aur Shera''	Child Artist
1981	Rocky'' ||	Rakesh/Rocky D'Souza	Debut
1982	|	Kunal Singh
1982	|	Raju S. Singh/Johny
1983	|	Sanjeev 'Sanju' Kumar
1983	|	Shyam
1984	|	Raj Saxena
1984	|	Sanjay
1985	|
1985	|	Vijay Kumar Saxena
1986	|	Prince Amar Singh
1986	Jeeva'' ||	Jeeva/Jeevan Thakur
1986	|	Himalya Chand
1986	Naam'' ||	Vicky Kapoor
1987	|	Inspector Suraj S. Singh
1987	|	Kamal Malhotra
1987	|	Rajesh 'Raju'
1988	|	Govinda
1988	|	Hashim
1988	Khatron Ke Khiladi'' ||	Rajesh
1988	|	Ravi Varma
1988	|	Tinku
1989	|	Police Inspector Amar Sharma
1989	|	Ravi
1989	Hum Bhi Insaan Hain'' ||	Bhola
1989	Hathyar'' ||	Avinash
1989	|	Manu
1989	|	Inspector Suraj Verma
1989	|	Ravi Kumar J. Singh
1990	|	Rakesh 'Raaka' Rai
1990	|	Tejaa/Sanjay
1990	|	Suraj'Sunny'
1990	|	Karamveer
1990	|	Vijay 'Munna' 'Vijju' V. Shukla
1990	|	Brijesh Chandar (Birju)
1991	|	Ravi
1991	|	Raj Kishen
1991	|	Arjun
1991	Fateh'' ||	Karan
1991	|	Ajay 'James Bond 009'
1991	|	Aman Verma/Sagar	Nominated: Filmfare Best Actor Award
1992	|
1992	Adharm'' ||	Vicky Verma
1992	|	Raja
1992	|	Suresh Sinha
1992	|	Vishal Singhal
1993	|	Kunwar Vijay Pal Singh/Old Narrator
1993	|	Balaram Prasad "Ballu"	Nominated: Filmfare Best Actor Award
1993	Kshatriya'' ||	Vikram Singh (Mirtagarh)
1993	Gumrah'' ||	Jagan Nath (Jaggu)
1993	|	Himself
1994	|	Vikram 'Vicky' V. Singh
1994	|	Raju
1994	Aatish'' ||	Baba
1994	|	Vijay
1994	|	Himself
1995	|	Vikraanta A. Singh
1995	Andolan'' ||	Adarsh Pradhan
1996	Namak'' ||	Gopal
1996	|	Advocate Ashok
1997	Sanam'' ||	Narendra Anand
1997	|	Sanjay 'Sanju' Malhotra
1997	Dus'' ||	Captain Raja Sethi	Incomplete film
1997	Daud'' ||	Nandu
1998	Dushman'' ||	Major Suraj Singh Rathod
1998	Chandralekha'' ||	Cameo	Telugu film
1998	Achanak'' ||	Himself	Special appearance
1999	|	Captain Karan Singh
1999	|	Raja/Jeet Balraj
1999	|	Kishan 'Captain' Jatin Khanna
1999	|	Sonu
1999	|	Raghu	Winner: Filmfare Best Actor Award
1999	Khoobsurat'' ||	Sanju (Sanjay Shastri)
2000	|	Anthony/Vicky/Babu
2000	Baaghi'' ||	Raja
2000	|	Vicky Oberoi
2000	|	Balli
2000	|	SSP Inayat Khan	Nominated: Filmfare Best Actor Award
2000	Kurukshetra'' ||	A.C.P Prithviraj Singh
2000	|	Gafoor	Special appearance
2000	|	Himself
2001	|	Jai
2002	|	Rudra
2002	Hum Kisise Kum Nahin''||	Munna Bhai
2002	|	Shera	Special appearance
2002	|	Bhai-Jaan
2002	Hathyar''||	Rohit Raghunath Shivalkar/Raghunath Namdev Shivalkar
2002	|	Iqbal Danger
2002	|	Jay 'Ajju' Rehan	Nominated: Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award
2003	|	Sitara
2003	|	Lt. Col. Y.K. Joshi, 13 JAK Rifles
2003	|	Murli Prasad Sharma (Munna Bhai)	Winner: Filmfare Best Comedian Award
2004	Plan'' ||	Mussabhai
2004	Rudraksh''||	Varun
2004	|	Rahul
2004	Deewaar''||	Khan
2004	Musafir''||	Billa
2005	|	Squadron Leader Vikram Rathore
2005	Parineeta''||	Girish Sharma	Nominated: Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award
2005	|	Siddanth Dheer
2005	|	Ali Asghar
2005	|	Lakhwinder 'Lucky' Singh Lakha
2005	|		Special Appearance (Hip-hop MC)
2005	Life Ho Toh Aisi!''	Yamaraj M.A.
2005	Shabd''||	Shaukat Vashisht
2006	Zinda'' ||	Balajit 'Bala' Roy
2006	|	Narrator
2006	|	Ravi Rajput
2006	|	Master Madan
2006	|	Murli Prasad Sharma (Munna Bhai)	Nominated: Filmfare Best Actor Award
2007	|	DSP Pannalal Chohar
2007	|	Johnny
2007	|	Ranjeet Singh
2007	|	ACP Shamsher Khan
2007	|	Inspector Kabir Nayak
2007	|	Himself	Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi"
2007	|	Baba Hyderabadi
2008	|	Gaurav
2008	Superstar''||	Himself	Special appearance
2008	Mehbooba''||	Shravan 'S.D.' Dhariwal
2008	Kidnap''||	Vikrant Raina
2008	|	Sattar Bhai
2009	Shortkut - The Con Is On'' ||	Item Song
2009	Luck''||	Karim Moussa
2009	Aladin'' ||	The Ring Master
2009	Blue'' ||	Sagar 'Sethji' Singh
2009	|	Dharam Kapoor
2009	|	DJ - Playback Singer
2010	|	Vikram Sabharwal/Gul Jahangir
2010	Knock Out'' ||	Veer Vijay Singh
2010	No Problem'' ||	Yash Ambani
2010	|	Narrator
2010	|	Narrator
2011	Ready'' ||	Marriage magistrate / Divorce lawyer	Cameo Appearance
2011	|	Kabir Nayak
2011	|	Chatur Singh
2011	Rascals'' ||	Chetan Chauhan
2011	|	"The Villianous Villain - Khalnayak"	Special Appearance
2011	|	"Desi Boys - Owner"	Cameo
2012	Agneepath'' ||	Kancha Cheena
2012	|		Filming (Releasing on 30 November 2012)
2012	|	SP Pritam Singh	Filming
2012	|	Mahadev Bhonsle	Filming (Releasing on 18 May 2012)
2012	|		Filming - Friendly Appearance
2012	|		Filming
2012	Power'' ||		Delayed/Halted
2012	|		Pre-production
2013	|		Pre-production
2013	|	Sharman Munjha Jadeja	Announced
2013	|		Filming (Releasing on 25 January 2013)

Producer[link]

''Zinda'' (2006)

''Shootout at Lokhandwala'' (2007)

''Dus Kahaniyaan'' (2007)

''Rascals'' (2011)

Satte Pe Satta Remake Double role (2012)

Television[link]

Bigg Boss (season 5)

References[link]

External links[link]

Sanjay Dutt to host Bigg Boss 5!

Category:1959 births Category:Indian film actors Category:Indian actors Category:Living people Category:1993 Bombay bombings Category:Filmfare Awards winners Category:Indian child actors Category:Indian prisoners and detainees Category:Indian singers Category:Indian comedians Category:Lawrence School, Sanawar alumni Category:Prisoners and detainees of India Category:Hindi film actors Category:Samajwadi Party politicians Category:Indian Hindus Category:Punjabi people Category:People from Mumbai Category:Indian film producers Category:Indian actor–politicians Category:Bigg Boss Category:Indian game show hosts Category:Indian television presenters

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