Coordinates	12°58′0″N77°34′0″N
Name	Lublin
Image shield	POL Lublin COA 1.svg
Pushpin map	Poland
Pushpin label position	bottom
Coordinates region	PL
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name
Subdivision type1	Voivodeship
Subdivision name1	Lublin
Subdivision type2	County
Subdivision name2	''city county''
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Krzysztof Żuk
Established title	Established
Established date	before 12th century
Established title3	Town rights
Established date3	1317
Area total km2	147
Population as of	2009
Population total	350392
Population density km2	auto
Population metro	664000
Timezone	CET
Utc offset	+1
Timezone dst	CEST
Utc offset dst	+2
Postal code type	Postal code
Postal code	20-001 to 20-999
Area code	+48 81
Website	http://www.um.lublin.pl/
Blank name	Car plates
Blank info	LU }}

Lublin (, ''Liublin'', ''Lublin'') is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,392 (June 2009). Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river. Lublin was a candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016.

History

The first permanent settlements on the Lublin site were established in the early Middle Ages, though archeological finds indicate a long, earlier presence of various cultures in the general area. The earliest, most significant settlement began in the 6th century, on a hill located in the suburb of Czwartek (in Polish ''Thursday'', most likely in reference to the market day of the settlement). It is likely that the surrounding hills, notably the site of the present day Old Town, were also settled at around this time. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Czwartek settlement developed into an important trade centre. The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it a military significance. The first fortification on the site may have been built as early as the 8th century, possibly on the Castle Hill. Certainly at the end of the 10th century a significant fortification existed there. As the castle grew, the Old Town hill adjacent to it became the main focus of settlement, and the Czwartek settlement declined in relative importance. The castle became the seat of a Castellan, first mentioned in historical sources from 1224, but quite possibly present from the start of the 12th, or even 10th century. The oldest historical document mentioning Lublin dates from 1198, so the name must have come into general use some time earlier.

The city was a target of attacks by Tatars, Ruthenes, Yotvingians and Lithuanians and was destroyed a number of times. It received a city charter in 1317. Casimir the Great, appreciating the strategic importance of the site, built a masonry castle in 1341 and encircled the city with defensive walls.

In 1392, the city received an important trade privilege from king Władysław Jagiełło, and with the coming of the peace between Poland and Lithuania developed into a great trade centre carrying a large portion of commerce between the two countries. In 1474 the area around Lublin was combined to form the Lublin Voivodeship. In the 15th century and 16th century the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were held in Lublin. During the 16th century the noble parliaments (sejm) were held in Lublin a number of times. On June 26, 1569, one of the most important ones proclaimed the Union of Lublin, which united Poland and Lithuania. The Lithuanian name for the city is Liublinas. Some of the artists and writers of the Polish renaissance lived and worked in Lublin, including Sebastian Klonowic and Jan Kochanowski, who died in the city in 1584. In 1578 the Crown Tribunal was established in the city, this being the highest court of the Lesser Poland region.

Since the second half of the 16th century, Reformation movements developed in Lublin, and a large congregation of Polish Brethren was present in the city. One of Poland's most important Jewish communities was also established in Lublin around this time. It continued to be a vital part of the city's life until the community ceased to exist during the Nazi Holocaust. Between 1580 and 1764 the Jewish Council of Four Lands Arba Aracot (Sejm of 4 countries) was held in Lublin. 70 delegates of Jewish local kahals met to discuss issue of taxations and other important for Jewish communities issues.

Students came to Lublin from all over Europe to study at the yeshiva there. The yeshiva became a centre of learning of both Talmud and Kabbalah. The great scholarship of those who studied there led to the city being named the "Jewish Oxford"; the Rosh yeshiva received the title of rector and equal rights to those in Polish universities with the permission of the King in 1567.

In the 17th century, the town suffered a decline due to a Russo-Ukrainian invasion in 1655 and a Swedish invasion during the Northern Wars. After the Third of the Partitions of Poland in 1795 Lublin was located in the Austrian empire, then since 1809 in the Duchy of Warsaw, and then since 1815 in the Congress Poland under Russian rule. At the beginning of the 19th century a number of modern urban developments took place, with new squares, streets, and public buildings coming into existence. In 1877 a railway connection to Warsaw and Kovel was built, together with Lublin Station, which spurred industrial development in the city. Lublin's population grew from 28,900 in 1873 to 50,150 in 1897 (including 24,000 Jews).

The Russian rule ended in 1915, when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the defeat of the Central Powers in 1918, the first government of independent Poland operated in Lublin for a short time. In the inter war years, the city continued to develop, its population grew, and important industrial enterprises were established, including the first aviation factory in Poland, the Plage i Laśkiewicz works, later nationalized as the LWS factory. The Catholic University of Lublin was founded in 1918. The city contained a vibrant Jewish community which formed around 40% of Lublin's population.

After the 1939 German invasion of Poland the city found itself in the General Government. During the German occupation the city's population was a target of severe oppression by the occupiers, with a particularly grim fate reserved for the Jewish inhabitants. German plans were aimed towards turning Lublin into Germanised city with its population of Ethnic Germans growing towards 20-25 %, compared with 10-15% in 1939. Near Lublin, a reservation was set up for Jews according to the Nisko Plan, also known as "Lublin Plan".

The city served as a German headquarters for Operation Reinhardt, the main German effort to exterminate the Jews in occupied Poland. Lublin's Jewish population was forced into the Lublin Ghetto established around the area of Podzamcze. The majority of the ghetto's inhabitants, about 26,000 people, was deported to the Bełżec extermination camp between 17 March and 11 April 1942. The remainder were moved to facilities around Majdanek, a large concentration camp established at the outskirts of the city. Most of them were killed by the war's end. After the war the few Jews who survived in hiding or by escaping to Soviet territory reestablished a small Jewish community in the city, but it quickly shrank to insignificance as most Jews left Poland for Israel and the West in the immediate postwar years. The Majdanek camp, together with the prison established in the Lublin castle, also served as a major centre of terror measures aimed at the non-Jewish population of Lublin and the surrounding district. On 24 July 1944, the city was taken by the Soviet Army and became the temporary capital of a Soviet-controlled communist Polish Committee of National Liberation established in the city, which was to serve as basis for a puppet government. The capital was moved to Warsaw in January 1945. In the postwar years Lublin continued to grow, tripling its population and greatly expanding in area. A considerable scientific and research base was established around the newly founded Maria Curie-Sklodowska University. A large automobile factory (FSC) was established in the city.

In July 1980, the workers of Lublin and nearby Świdnik began the first in the wave of mass strikes aimed against the Communist regime, which eventually led to the emergence of the Solidarity movement. The first strike began on July 8 in the WSK factory in Świdnik. It then quickly spread to other factories in Lublin and the surrounding region. The railroad network and city transit came to a standstill. Ultimately, 150 factories employing 50,000 workers joined the strike. The strikers used a novel tactic of staying inside their factories and occupying them, instead of marching in the streets where the authorities would have found it easy to use force against them. The workers made demands for their economic situation to be improved. They also made political demands, such as: new elections for the leadership of the trade unions, liquidation of privileges for the Communist party governing class, and the reduction of the bureaucracy in the factories.

The July strikes lasted two weeks. The Communist authorities eventually managed to bring them to an end peacefully, mainly by granting economic concessions to the workers. However, the momentum generated by the Lublin strikes quickly gave rise to a new wave of strikes in the Gdańsk region in August 1980. The workers there used similar tactics as the Lublin workers used a month before, and this time the Communist authorities had to agree to the strikers' demand to set up an independent trade union, which soon became the Solidarity.

Economy

The Lublin region had the lowest per capita GDP in the European Union until Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 (it was 32% of EU average in 2002). It is a part of eastern Poland, which has benefited less from the economic transformation after 1989 than other regions of Poland located closer to Western Europe. While the standard of living in the city of Lublin is considerably higher than in the surrounding countryside, the city's relatively poor economic performance is tied to the poverty of its surrounding region.

Factories built under the Communist regime in the city have performed poorly in the new market economy. The large car factory FSC (''Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych'') seemed to have a brighter future when acquired by the South Korean Daewoo conglomerate in the early 1990s. With Daewoo's financial troubles in 1998, the production at FSC practically collapsed and the factory entered bankruptcy. Efforts to restart its van production succeeded when the engine supplier bought the company in order not to lose its prime market. With the decline of Lublin as a regional industrial centre, the city's economy is being reoriented towards the service industries. Currently, the largest employer is the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS).

The prices of land and investing costs are lower than in western Poland. However, the Lublin area is one of main beneficiaries of the EU development funds- Mr. Jerzy Kwiecinski, the Deputy Secretary of State in the Ministry for Regional Development at the Conference of the Ministry for Regional Development (Poland in the European Union – new possibilities for foreign investors) said: -

“In the immediate financial outlook, between 2007 and 2013, we will be the largest beneficiaries of the EU - every fifth Euro will be spent in Poland. In total, we will have at our disposal 120 billion EUR, assigned exclusively for post development activities. This sum will be an enormous boost for our country”.

In September 2007, the Prime Minister signed a bill creating a special economic investment zone in Lublin that offers tax incentives. It is part of “Park Mielec” – the European Economic Development area. At least 13 large companies had declared their wish to invest here e.g. Carrefour, Comarch, Safo, Asseco, Aliplast, Herbapol and Perła Browary Lubelskie -. At the same time the energy giant Polska Grupa Energetyczna, which will build Poland's first nuclear power station, is to have its main offices in Lublin.

New shopping centres built in Lublin are Lublin Plaza and Galeria Gala, the largest shopping centre in the city, covering 33500 square metres. Similar investments are planned for the near future such as Park Felin (Felicity) and a new gallery ("Alchemy") between Świętoduska and Lubartowska streets.

Lublin will take an active part in the upcoming EURO 2012 championships, with several preliminary matches being held in the city. This will bring associated investment in infrastructure.

Television

"TVP Lublin" is a TV Station in Lublin which owns a 104-metre-tall concrete TV Tower. It put its first program on the air in 1985. In recent years it contributed programming to TVP3 channel, and later TVP Info.

Radio

Radio stations airing from Lublin:

* Radio eR - 87.9 FM,

* Radio Eska Lublin - 103.6 FM,

* Radio Lublin (regional station of the Polish Radio) - 89.9 FM / 102.2 FM,

* Radio Centrum (University radio) - 98.2 FM,

* Radio Złote Przeboje Lublin - 95.6 FM,

Airing not from Lublin:

* Radio RMF FM - 89.3 FM,

* Polskie Radio 1 (national station of the Polish Radio) - 90.8 FM,

* Polskie Radio 2 (national station of the Polish Radio) - 91.8 FM,

* Radio Maryja - 97 FM,

* Radio Euro (national station of the Polish Radio) - 99 FM,

* Polskie Radio 3 (national station of the Polish Radio) - 104.2 FM,

* Radio Eska Rock - 106.1 FM,

* Radio Zet - 107 FM,

* Radio RMF Classic - 107.6 MHz

Newspapers

Kurier Lubelski (daily, regional partner of the national newspaper "Polska. The Times")

Dziennik Wschodni (daily)

Gazeta Wyborcza Lublin Edition (daily, regional supplement to the national newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza)

Metro (daily, free)

Nasze Miasto Lublin (weekly, free)

Transport

From Lublin Station, trains run ten times a day to Warsaw and three times to Kraków as well as all other major cities in Poland. Buses also run from below the castle in the Old Town and serve most of the same destinations as the rail network. The fast train to Warsaw takes around two and half hours and public transport is available from there to Frédéric Chopin Airport, which is only 10 km outside the centre and has flights worldwide. The Polski Express bus service runs seven daily buses from the airport direct to Lublin and the journey takes around three and a half hours (; ).

Airport

Construction of a new airport at Świdnik, about 10 km SE of Lublin, has been approved and will receive EU funding. Construction has started in the Fall of 2010 and according to current plans should finish in 2012. The runway will be 2500 m long, able to handle large airliners. The airport will be able to handle 2 mln passengers per year.

Roads

As of 2009 no motorways or expressways connect the city with the rest of Poland. In the coming decade the construction of expressways S12, S17 and S19 will improve road access to the city. On December 17, 2009 the bidding process for the construction of S17 expressway around Lublin was started. The construction should begin in 2010 and finish in 2012. The project will include building a high capacity bypass road around Lublin, removing most the transit traffic from the city streets and decreasing congestion.

Culture and Tourism

Lublin is not only the biggest city in eastern Poland, but an important culture core city also. Since accession of Poland into the EU, Lublin has been called "Gate to the East." Since then, many important international events have taken place here, involving Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Russian and Belorussian artists, researchers and politicians. Lublin connects the West with the East. Even frescos at the Holy Trinity Chapel in Lublin are a mixture of Catholic motifs with eastern Russian-Byzantine styles.

Cinema

Lublin is a city with film-making past. A few important films were recorded here. e.g. Oscar-winning, "The Reader", was partially filmed at the German Majdanek concentration camp, located in Lublin.

In 2008, Lublin in cooperation with Ukrainian Lviv, filmed promotional materials, to promote them as cinematic cities. Films were handed out between film-makers present at Cannes Festival. Action, was sponsored by European Union.

In Lublin, there are currently a few cinemas:

Cinema City (multiplex)

Cinema Bajka

Cinema Chatka Żaka

Cinema Medyk

Theatres

There are many cultural organisations, both municipal, governmental and non-governmental, in Lublin.

Municipal Theatres, with casual playhouses:

* Musical Theatre in Lublin - ''Teatr Muzyczny w Lublinie'', opera, operetta, musical, ballet

* Henryk Wieniawski Lublin Philharmonic - ''Filharmonia Lubelska''

* Juliusz Osterwa Theatre in Lublin - ''Teatr im. Juliusza Osterwy w Lublinie''

* Hans Christian Andersen Theatre - with puppet programme for Children

Fringe Theatres:

* Centrum Projekt Pracovnia Maat

* Centrum Kultury w Lublinie

* Ośrodek Praktyk Teatralnych – Gardzienice

* Ośrodek „Brama Grodzka - Theatre NN”

* Theatre "Provisorium"

Scenes:

* InVitro Pre-première Scene - ''Scena Prapremier "InVitro"''

* Scena Plastyczna KUL – created by Leszek Mądzik

* Theatre Panopticum

* Teatr ITP

* Teatr Pierwszego Kontaktu

Cabaret

* Pantomimic group MIMIKA

* Ani Mru-Mru

* PoMimochodem

Barnstormers"

* Lublin Dance Theatre - Lubelski Teatr Tańca

* Company "Theatre" - Kompania "Teatr"

* Teatr Widzenie

* Teatr Jasny

* Theatrical Group "Collective" - Grupa Teatralna "Kolektyw"

* Enigmatic Theatre of KUL

Galleries

There are lots of Art-Galleries in Lublin, some of them are run by Private owners, some of them are Municipal, Governmental, NGO's, Associations property. Here are only few most popular:

"BWA" - Artistic Exhibitions Office - Biuro Wystaw Artystycznych

"Atu" Gallery

"Postal Gallery" - Galeria na poczcie

"Fot-Press" Gallery

"Galeria Biała"

Art-Gallery Sceny Plastycznej KUL

"Pod podłogą" (Under the Floor Gallery)

Galeria Sztuki "Wirydarz"

"KONT" Academic Culture Centre Gallery "Chatka Żaka" UMCS

"Labirynt 2"

Galeria Grodzka

Galeria "Po schodach"

Galeria "Gardzienice"

Galeria Autorska Michałowski

Galeria Fotografii "Prospero"

Galeria "Gala Dom i Wnętrze"

Galeria Michałowscy

Galeria Sztuki Współczesnej "Andzelm Gallery"

Galeria ART

"31'st Gallery"

Galeria "Pomost"

Galeria Sztuki Nieprofesjonalnej "U Lekarzy" (Amateur art-gallery "At doctor's")

Galeria Przy Bramie (Bramma Cafe)

Lubelskie Towarzystwo Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych

Old Town

Lublin, by some tourists called "little Krakow", has historic architecture and a unique ambiance, especially in the Old Town. Catering to students, who account for 35% of the population, the city offers a vibrant music and nightclub scene Lublin has many theatres, philharmonic orchestras and museums. Old buildings, even ruins, creates magic and unique atmosphere of the city. Lublin’s Old Town has cobbled streets and traditional architecture.

Pubs and Restaurants

The Old Town Hall and Tribunal in the Market Square is surrounded by burgher houses and winding lanes.

City of Festivals

Lublin could be called "The Capital of Festivals", as every year another new one appears. These are just a few of the most significant:

Karnawał Sztuk-Mistrzów - Carnival Arts-Masters.

Noc Kultury'' - ''Culture Night - usually the first Saturday night of June, hundreds of events whole the city, cultural manifestation of city's potential, admission is totally free - .

OpenCity Festival - outdoor performances festival, international artists and performers, make art installations in public places in Lublin. -

Museum Night - like in whole world, Lublin's museums, are opened for visitors.

Jarmark Jagielloński - ''Jagiellonian Trades'' - every year, about 100k of tourists, arriving in Lublin, only to feel middle-age atmosphere.

Lubelskie Dni Kultury Studenckiej - an annual students' holiday, usually celebrated for about three weeks between May and June, students holiday in Lublin, are the longest in whole Poland. There's usually bunch of student parties, concerts, cultural events, and every year, Main Concert, usually, British artists are invited.

Słowo daję - Festiwal Opowiadaczy - ''I give you my word. Storytellers Festival''

Rozstaje Europy - ''International Festival of Document Film''

Mikołajki Folkowe - ''International Folk Music Festival'' ("St. Nicholas Folk Day") - organised by Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin.

Strefa Inne Brzmienia ''("Different Sounds Area" International Music Festival'', which connects Lublin and Lviv citizens together.

Lublin. Miasto Poezji - Poetry Festival organised by ''Ośrodek "Brama Grodzka - Teatr NN"'' and Polish Literature Institute of Catholic University in Lublin.

Noc z Czechowiczem - ''A Night with Czechowicz'' - walking the trace, from "Poem about The City of Lublin" written by Józef Czechowicz at first full moon at July, organised by ''Ośrodek "Brama Grodzka - Teatr NN"''

Najstarsze Pieśni Europy - ''The oldest songs of Europe'' - Festival of Muzyka Kresów Foundation.

Future Shorts - World Short Film Label

Międzynarodowe Spotkania Teatrów Tańca - International ''Lublin Dance Festival''

Międzynarodowy Festiwal Teatralny "Konfrontacje" - ''International Theatre Festival "Confrontations"''

Festiwal Kultury Alternatywnej "ZdaErzenia" - Festival of Alternative Culture in Lublin

Sąsiedzi - Festiwal Teatrów Europy Środkowej - ''Neighbours - Central European Theatres Festival''

'''Festiwal "Prowokacje" - Young Polish Fashion Creators Festival

Studencki Ogólnopolski Festiwal Teatralny Kontestacje - Polish Students Theatre Festival

Międzynarodowe Spotkania Folklorystyczne im. Ignacego Wachowiaka - International Folk Dance Festival

Lubelska Scena Rockowa - ''Lublin Rock Scene''

Taniec Znaku - first in Poland Internet Theatre, project of Lublin Maat Theatre,

Scena Młodych - ''Youth Scene'', music festival

Zwierciadła - ''Mirrors'' - High School Theatres Revision

Zaduszki Jazzowe - ''Jazz All Souls' Day'' - it takes place in Dominican Order Monastery

"Invitro" Scena Prapremier - ''"Invitro" Pre-première Scene''

Solo życia - Classical Music Festival - creator of this festival is composer Mieczysław Jurecki

Letnia Strefa Muzyki - ''Summer Music Area'' - Young polish musicians, promotion, on the small scene, organisators: Akwarela Cafe and Lublins' President Council

European capital of culture

thumb|upright|European Capital of Culture at the Jagiellonian Festival 2009

Since 2007, Lublin has joined the group of Polish cities which are candidates for the title of European Capital of Culture, as the one and only city from the eastern half of Poland. Poland will participate in this title with Spain in 2016 although the exact cities from these countries have yet to be chosen.

''"Lublin is the city that symbolises European idea of integration, universal heritage of democracy and tolerance and the idea of dialogue between the cultures of the West and East. Lublin is a unique place where the cultures and religions meet. Here the East meets West, and the European Union meets Belarus and Ukraine. It is the perfect place of cooperation for European artists living within and outside the European Union. Lublin is a city open to artists, a place where unique initiatives and activities take place. Lublin means the experience of hundreds of years of rich history and cultural heritage which constitutes endless source of inspiration for new generations. European Culture is not only modern museums and enormous festivals, but first of all people and their activities, aims, aspirations, possibilities, potential and the desire for development.The development of culture and being granted the title of European Capital of Culture is a chance for development of one the poorest regions of the European Union.''

Mr. Adam Wasilewski, President of Lublin

Since 2007, there are special meetings, enter2016, which anyone could take part in. The City's Marketing Office have created a web page: Lublin2016.eu, available in Polish, English, Ukrainian, Spanish and Portuguese.

Lublin is also a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities programme.

Education

There are six schools of higher education, including Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS) and John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (JPII CUL).

Medical University of Lublin– (Medical University of Lublin)

University of Life Sciences in Lublin–

John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL) – Catholic University of Lublin

Politechnika Lubelska–Lublin University of Technology

Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej– (English version)

Lublin also hosts a number of private higher education establishments. The Polish Government has plans to establish a new University in Lublin in cooperation with the Ukraine Government, which promises to be one of the most innovative international ventures of recent years. The Polish-Ukrainian Academy will support multicultural exchange, and will highlight Polish and Ukrainian heritage and history. It promises to be a milestone in the rapprochement between Poland and Ukraine, and between Ukraine and the European Union.

University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin –

Lubelska Szkoła Biznesu–

Wyższa Szkoła Nauk Społecznych z siedzibą w Lublinie–

Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Administracji–

Wyższa Szkoła Społeczno-Przyrodnicza w Lublinie–

Sports

Start Lublin - men's basketball team, 12th in Era Basket Liga in 2003–2004 season.

SPR Safo iCom Lublin (formerly Bystrzyca Lublin) - women's handball team playing in Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League: 2nd place in 2003–2004 season: also a winner of Women's EHF Cup in season 2000/2001.

Motor Lublin - professional football team competing in the Polish second division.

Lublinianka - men's football team competing in the Polish league (fourth division as of 2006–07).

Budowlani Lublin - a local Rugby Union team competing in the Polish, and surrounding district league.

TŻ Lublin speedway club competing in the Polish league (second division).

LSKT - Lublin's taekwon-do sport club.

Notable residents

Janusz Lewandowski (1951—) - MEP, former minister of privatization; born in Lublin

Stanisław Kostka Potocki (1755–1821)

Albert Kitmacher (1920–2000) (Holocaust survivor)

Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin (1745–1815) - "The Seer of Lublin"

Henryk Wieniawski (1835–1880) - great violin virtuoso; born in Lublin

Jacek Bąk (Polish footballer, captain of Poland on World Cup 2006)

Wladyslaw Zmuda (Polish footballer and four-time World Cup participant)

Wincenty Pol (1807–1872) poet and geographer

Katarzyna Dolinska (Of America's Next Top Model, Cycle 10, came in 5th place, but has become successful post-show.)

Anna Goral (Muse)

Politics

Lublin constituency

Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Lublin constituency:

Zyta Gilowska, PIS

Stanisław Głębocki, Samoobrona

Arkadiusz Kasznia, SLD-UP

Elżbieta Kruk, PiS

Grzegorz Kurczuk, SLD-UP

Robert Luśnia, LPR

Andrzej Mańka, PiS

Gabriela Masłowska, LPR

Wiktor Osik, SLD-UP

Zdzisław Podkański, PSL

Tadeusz Polański, PSL

Izabella Sierakowska, SLD-UP

Zygmunt Jerzy Szymański, SLD-UP

Leszek Świętochowski, PSL

Marian Widz, Samoobrona

Józef Żywiec, Samoobrona

Janusz Palikot, PO

Members of the European Parliament elected from the Lublin constituency:

Lena Kolarska-Bobinska, PO

International relations

Lublin is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the EU Intercultural cities programme.

Twin towns — Sister cities

Lublin is twinned with:

* Alcalá de Henares, Spain

Brest, Belarus>Brest, Belarus

* Debrecen, Hungary

* Delmenhorst, Germany

Erie, Pennsylvania>Erie, United States

* Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

Lancaster, Lancashire>Lancaster, United Kingdom

Luhansk, Ukraine

* Lutsk, Ukraine

Lviv>L'viv, Ukraine

* Münster, Germany

* Nancy, France

* Nykøbing Falster, Denmark

* Panevėžys, Lithuania

* Pernik, Bulgaria

* Rishon LeZion, Israel

* Trabzon, Turkey

* Starobilsk, Ukraine

* Tilburg, Netherlands

* Viseu, Portugal

Windsor, Ontario>Windsor, Canada

Gallery

See also

Lublin Department (Polish: ''Departament Lubelski''): a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland's Duchy of Warsaw, 1806–1815

Intercultural cities

References

External links

Lublin official website (in Polish) (in English)

Lublin 2016 - Official site of candidate for European Capital of Culture (English version)

Lublin Municipality official website (in Polish) (in English)

Virtual tour of Lublin

Lublin Online - Travel Guide

Lublin Cinematic City - Portal for film-makers

Lublin Museum (English)

The „Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre” Centre

The Virtual Jewish History Tour: Lublin

Website of the Jewish Community of Warsaw – Lublin Branch

http://www.lublinstrefa.pl/ (Polish)

TNN

External files

City Council has produced information materials:

THE CITY OF CULTURE - The most important cultural events of 2009

TOURIST GUIDE - PDF

SIMPLE LEAFLET - Short, and most important information.

InfoScreens:

*Clip 1

*Clip 2

*Clip 3

Lublin Cinematic City

Lublin Lublin Category:1317 establishments

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Coordinates	12°58′0″N77°34′0″N
Name	Janusz Ryszard Korwin-Mikke
Office	Member of Sejm
Term start	25 November 1991
Term end	31 May 1993
Birth date	October 27, 1942
Birth place	Warszawa, Poland
Spouse	Ewa MieczkowskaMałgorzata Szmit
Party	Congress of the New Right
Otherparty	Democratic Party (1962-82)Real Politics Union (1987-2009) Freedom and Lawfulness (2009-11) }}

Janusz Ryszard Korwin-Mikke (, born 27 October 1942 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish conservative liberal political commentator and politician. He is the leader of the Congress of the New Right, which was formed in 2011 from Freedom and Lawfulness, which he led from its formation in 2009, and the Real Politics Union, which he led from 1990–97 and 1999–03.

Life

Janusz Ryszard Korwin-Mikke studied at the Faculty of Mathematics and (simultaneously) Faculty of Philosophy of the Warsaw University. In 1965 he was detained by the communist authorities, while studying psychology, law and sociology. In 1968 he was again arrested and relegated from the university for his participation in students' protests. He passed master's examination without attending a course (philosophy).

In years 1969–74 he was a researcher in the Institute of Motor Transport (''Instytut Transportu Samochodowego''), and then at the Warsaw University. Political commentator. In 1978 he established "Liberal Publishing House" (''Oficyna Liberałów''), an underground publishing house.

From 1962 until 1982 he was a member of the Democratic Party (''Stronnictwo Demokratyczne''), a puppet party subordinate to the communist authorities. In August 1980 he supported the political strike of the Szczecin Shipyard workers, and later he was an adviser of NSZZ Rzemieślników Indywidualnych "Solidarność" (The Independent Craftsmen's Union). After the imposition of martial law he was interned but later released. In 1987 he was elected the chairman of a liberal-conservative political party called Ruch Polityki Realnej (The Real Politics Movement), which in 1989 changed its name to Unia Polityki Realnej (UPR, The Real Politics Union). In 1990 he established a new weekly ''Najwyższy Czas!'' ("The Time is Now!"). Lech Wałęsa appointed him to become a member of Solidarity's advisory body - Komitet Obywatelski (The Civic Committee).

Korwin-Mikke was a Member of Parliament during the first term of Sejm (Polish Parliament) of the Third Republic of Poland. Originator of the vetting resolution. He was a candidate for the UPR in the Polish Presidential Election of 1995, obtaining 2.4% of the vote. He was also candidate in 2000 when he got 1.43% of the vote. In the senate by-election in Wrocław in April 2004 he got 18% votes, but finally did not receive the seat. In the presidential elections of 2005 he obtained 1.4% of the vote.

Janusz Korwin-Mikke's economic views are radically liberal, in the classical sense of the word; in the U.S. his views would be best described as libertarian conservative. He frequently refers to such figures as Adam Smith, Frédéric Bastiat, Milton Friedman or Ayn Rand.

Politically, he is an advocate of monarchy and a member of the Conservative-Monarchist Club. He is known for his disdain towards democracy.

In 2009 he left UPR and created a new party, Freedom and Lawfulness (, WIP).

Korwin-Mikke is a popular public figure in the mass-media and on the internet, mainly due to often unusual or eccentric ways of demonstrating his political stances. For instance, he protested against high taxes in Poland by eating his tax return together with a Polish musician Krzysztof Skiba in front of the Polish revenue service office.

He writes the most popular blog in Poland .

Janusz Korwin-Mikke has been a national champion in bridge, and a member of the national team. He is also a skilled chess player .

Polish presidential election of 2010

Janusz Korwin-Mikke was a presidential candidate in Polish presidential elections of 2010. On 2 June 2010, an unscientific internet poll conducted by TVN24 news network's website showed 22% voter support for Korwin-Mikke, effectively placing him at the second spot next to Bronisław Komorowski (with 35% votes) and Jarosław Kaczyński (19% votes), with 431,000 total votes. In most opinion polls, however, his support was around 2-3%.

In the real voting, Korwin-Mikke received 2.48% of votes and didn't get into the second round.

Publications

''Naprawić Polskę? No problem!'' (''Fix Poland? No problem!'') 2004

''Podatki - Czyli rzecz o grabieży'' (''Taxes - about robbery'') 2004

''Dekadencja'' (''Decadence'') 2002

''Ekonomikka'' (''Economikks'') 2001

''Rok 2007'' (''Year 2007'') 2001

''Niebezpieczne ubezpieczenia'' (''Dangerous insurances'') 2000

''Vademecum ojca'' (''Father's vademecum'') 1997

''Wizja parlamentu w nowej konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej'' (''Vision of parliament in new Polish constitution'') 1994

''Prowokacja?'' (''Provocation?'') 1991

''"Rząd rżnie głupa" - czyli mowy sejmowe'' (''Government playing dumb – Parliament speeches'') 1993

''Nie tylko o Żydach'' (''Not Only About Jews'') 1991

''Ratujmy państwo'' (''Let Us Save the Country'') 1990

''Bez impasu'' (''Without impasse'')

''Kto tu dymi?'' (''Who is making smoke here?'') 2007

''Rusofoby w odwrocie'' (''Russophobes in retreat'') 2009

See also

Liberalism in Poland

References

Sejm website on his first cadency

External links

Janusz Korwin Mikke's site Janusz Korwin-Mikke's blog

Janusz Korwin-Mikke's blog (not updated)

Category:1942 births Category:Living people Category:People from Warsaw Category:Polish Roman Catholics Category:Members of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (1991–1993) Category:Polish bloggers Category:University of Warsaw alumni Category:Polish monarchists Category:Polish presidential candidates Category:Polish bridge players Category:Congress of the New Right politicians

de:Janusz Korwin-Mikke eo:Janusz Korwin-Mikke fr:Janusz Korwin-Mikke pl:Janusz Korwin-Mikke ru:Корвин-Микке, Януш szl:Janusz Korwin-Mikke