Popular culture is often viewed as being trivial and dumbed-down in order to find consensual acceptance throughout the mainstream. As a result, it comes under heavy criticism from various non-mainstream sources (most notably religious groups and countercultural groups) which deem it superficial, consumerist, sensationalist, and corrupted.
The term "popular culture" was coined in the 19th century or earlier to refer to the education and general "culturedness" of the lower classes, as was delivered in an address at the Birmingham Town Hall, England. The term began to assume the meaning of a culture of the lower classes separate from (and sometimes opposed) to "true education" towards the end of the century, a usage that became established by the interbellum period. The current meaning of the term, culture for mass consumption, especially originating in the United States, is established by the end of World War II. The abbreviated form "pop culture" dates to the 1960s.
A third definition equates pop culture with Mass Culture. This is seen as a commercial culture, mass produced for mass consumption. From a Western European perspective, this may be compared to American culture. Alternatively, "pop culture" can be defined as an "authentic" culture of the people, but this can be problematic because there are many ways of defining the "people". Storey argues that there is a political dimension to popular culture; neo-Gramscian hegemony theory "... sees popular culture as a site of struggle between the 'resistance' of subordinate groups in society and the forces of 'incorporation' operating in the interests of dominant groups in society." A postmodernist approach to popular culture would "no longer recognize the distinction between high and popular culture".
Storey emphasizes that popular culture emerges from the urbanization of the industrial revolution, which identifies the term with the usual definitions of 'mass culture'. Studies of Shakespeare (by Weimann, Barber or Bristol, for example) locate much of the characteristic vitality of his drama in its participation in Renaissance popular culture, while contemporary practitioners like Dario Fo and John McGrath use popular culture in its Gramscian sense that includes ancient folk traditions (the commedia dell'arte for example).
Popular culture changes constantly and occurs uniquely in place and time. It forms currents and eddies, and represents a complex of mutually interdependent perspectives and values that influence society and its institutions in various ways. For example, certain currents of pop culture may originate from, (or diverge into) a subculture, representing perspectives with which the mainstream popular culture has only limited familiarity. Items of popular culture most typically appeal to a broad spectrum of the public.
The news media mines the work of scientists and scholars and conveys it to the general public, often emphasizing elements that have inherent appeal or the power to amaze. For instance, giant pandas (a species in remote Chinese woodlands) have become well-known items of popular culture; parasitic worms, though of greater practical importance, have not. Both scholarly facts and news stories get modified through popular transmission, often to the point of outright falsehoods.
Hannah Arendt's 1961 essay "The Crisis in Culture" suggested that a "market-driven media would lead to the displacement of culture by the dictates of entertainment." Susan Sontag argues that in our culture, the most "...intelligible, persuasive values are [increasingly] drawn from the entertainment industries", which is "undermining of standards of seriousness." As a result, "tepid, the glib, and the senselessly cruel" topics are becoming the norm. Some critics argue that popular culture is “dumbing down”: "newspapers that once ran foreign news now feature celebrity gossip, pictures of scantily dressed young ladies... television has replaced high-quality drama with gardening, cookery, and other “lifestyle” programmes [and] reality TV and asinine soaps," to the point that people are constantly immersed in trivia about celebrity culture.
In Rosenberg and White's book ''Mass Culture'', MacDonald argues that "Popular culture is a debased, trivial culture that voids both the deep realities (sex, death, failure, tragedy) and also the simple spontaneous pleasures... The masses, debauched by several generations of this sort of thing, in turn come to demand trivial and comfortable cultural products." Van den Haag argues that "all mass media in the end alienate people from personal experience and though appearing to offset it, intensify their moral isolation from each other, from the reality and from themselves."
Critics have lamented the "replacement of high art and authentic folk culture by tasteless industrialised artefacts produced on a mass scale in order to satisfy the lowest common denominator." This "mass culture emerged after the Second World War and have led to the concentration of mass-culture power in ever larger global media conglomerates." The popular press decreased the amount of news or information and replaced it with entertainment or titillation that reinforces "fears, prejudice, scapegoating processes, paranoia, and aggression."
Critics of television and film have argued that the quality of TV output has been diluted as stations pursue ratings by focusing on the "glitzy, the superficial, and the popular". In film, "Hollywood culture and values" are increasingly dominating film production in other countries. Hollywood films have changed from creating formulaic films which emphasize "shock-value and superficial thrill[s]" and the use of special effects, with themes that focus on the "basic instincts of aggression, revenge, violence, [and] greed." The plots "often seem simplistic, a standardized template taken from the shelf, and dialogue is minimal." The "characters are shallow and unconvincing, the dialogue is also simple, unreal, and badly constructed."
Although the folkloric element of popular culture engages heavily with the commercial element, the public has its own tastes and it may not embrace every cultural item sold. Moreover, beliefs and opinions about the products of commercial culture spread by word-of-mouth, and become modified in the process in the same manner that folklore evolves.
Many cultural critics have dismissed this as merely a symptom or side-effect of mass consumerism; however, alternate explanations and critique have also been offered. One critic asserts that it reflects a fundamental paradox: the increase in technological and cultural sophistication, combined with an increase in superficiality and dehumanization.
Long-running television series ''The Simpsons'' routinely alludes to mainstream media properties, as well as the commercial content of the show itself. In the episode "Bart vs. Thanksgiving", Bart complains about the crass commercialism of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade while watching television. When he turns his head away from the television, the screen shows an oversized inflatable balloon of Bart Simpson floating past.
According to television studies scholars specializing in quality television, such as Kristin Thompson, self-referentiality in mainstream American television (especially comedy) reflects and exemplifies the type of progression characterized previously. Thompson argues shows such as ''The Simpsons'' use a "...flurry of cultural references, intentionally inconsistent characterization, and considerable self-reflexivity about television conventions and the status of the programme as a television show." Extreme examples approach a kind of thematic infinite regress wherein distinctions between art and life, commerce and critique, ridicule and homage become intractably blurred.
Category:Media studies Category:Youth
ar:ثقافة شعبية bn:জনসংস্কৃতি bs:Popularna kultura br:Sevenadur ar bobl bg:Популярна култура ca:Cultura popular cs:Populární kultura cy:Diwylliant poblogaidd de:Popkultur el:Μαζική κουλτούρα es:Cultura popular fa:فرهنگ عامه fr:Culture populaire fur:Culture di masse gan:流行文化 ko:대중문화 hr:Popularna kultura it:Cultura di massa he:תרבות פופולרית kk:Бұқаралық мәдениет li:Volkscultuur mk:Народна култура ms:Budaya pop nl:Popcultuur ja:大衆文化 no:Populærkultur oc:Cultura populara pl:Kultura masowa pt:Cultura popular ro:Cultură populară rue:Поп-култура ru:Массовая культура simple:Popular culture sk:Masová kultúra sr:Популарна култура sh:Popularna kultura fi:Populaarikulttuuri sv:Populärkultur ta:பரவலர் பண்பாடு th:วัฒนธรรมสมัยนิยม tr:Popüler kültür uk:Масова культура vi:Văn hóa đại chúng zh:流行文化This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Lisa Hannigan's debut solo album, titled ''Sea Sew'', was rehearsed in a barn in Thomastown and recorded in Dublin before being released in Ireland in September 2008. The lead single, "Lille", was made available as a free Internet download and other tracks were available for preview on her Myspace page. The sleeve featured needle-work by Hannigan. Some music critics called the recording one of the best Irish albums of the year.
''Sea Sew'' was played on the American radio station KCRW and received favorable reviews in the ''Los Angeles Times'' and ''The New York Times''. The single "Lille", released in August 2008 on Irish and American radio stations. Hannigan performed at Electric Picnic 2008. Hannigan supported singer-songwriter Jason Mraz on a 42-date U.S. tour in 2008.
Also in 2008, she appeared on the charity album ''Even Better Than the Disco Thing'' and performed a duet of Mick Flannery's new song "Christmas Past" with Flannery on Tony Fenton's Christmas Special on Today FM. In December 2008, she made her UK solo debut at St Johns Church in London. Hannigan signed with ATO Records in the U.S., where her album was released in February 2009.
''Sea Sew'' was nominated for the Choice Music Prize and Best Irish Album at the Meteor Music Awards in January 2009.
That same year, Hannigan appeared on the American television shows Jay Leno, The Colbert Report and was well received by their respective hosts. In 2009, Hannigan also appeared on the BBC's ''Later... with Jools Holland'', performing her song "I Don't Know". ''Sea Sew'' rose in the UK charts following this appearance and she performed at Glastonbury 2009 music festival and went on tour later in the year. She performed at the nomination ceremony and she was greeted by confused journalists wondering "Lisa who?".
Hannigan performed at Electric Picnic 2009 and Le Chéile. Later in 2009, she toured the United States with David Gray and performed solo shows in New York, Los Angeles and London. She then began a tour of Ireland to finish the year. Hannigan's song "Ocean and Rock" was used in a 2009 Irish video supporting same-sex marriage entitled "Sinéad's Hand".
In 2010, a broadcast of ''Other Voices'' was planned. Hannigan recently recorded her second album, titled ''Passenger'', at Bryn Derwen Studios in North Wales with producer Joe Henry and engineer Ryan Freeland. The album will be released in the US and Canada on September 20, and a month later in Ireland and the UK.
Hannigan emits "a moan of delicate strength, and stirring warmth and humanity", describing her style as that of "plinky plonk rock", a genre coined by a friend. She performs using "broken-down, wheezy old instruments", assisting her band members in the transportation of this equipment. Her blog posts are noted for containing recipes for baking cakes.
Hannigan also contributed to the 2009 charity album, ''Sparks n' Mind'', released in aid of Aware.
|- | 2009 || ''Sea Sew'' || Irish Album of the Year 2008 || |-
|- | 2009 || ''Sea Sew'' || Best Irish Album || |- | 2009 || Lisa Hannigan || Best Irish Female || |-
Hannigan was referred to as 2009's "token folk nominee" in the UK, with the ''NME'', a music magazine in that country, calling her a "token folkie". One British journalist even claimed she was "truly obscure" and part of the "moribund sensitive singer-songwriter genre". Ed Power, writing in the ''Irish Independent'', criticised such claims, wondering if Jape (whose album ''Ritual'' beat Hannigan to the Choice Music Prize) had come close to receiving a Mercury nomination—"Or, for that matter, how many of the judges had even heard of him".
|- | 2009 || ''Sea Sew'' || Best Album || |-
Category:1981 births Category:Irish female singers Category:Irish folk singers Category:Living people Category:Alumni of The King's Hospital Category:People from County Meath
bs:Lisa Hannigan ca:Lisa Hannigan de:Lisa Hannigan es:Lisa Hannigan fr:Lisa Hannigan it:Lisa Hannigan nl:Lisa Hannigan pt:Lisa Hannigan fi:Lisa Hannigan sv:Lisa Hannigan zh:麗莎·漢尼根This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 41°52′55″N87°37′40″N |
---|---|
name | Matt Lauer |
birthname | Matthew Todd Lauer |
birth date | December 30, 1957 |
birth place | New York, New York, U.S. |
education | Ohio University |
occupation | Television journalist |
years active | 1979–present |
gender | Male |
spouse | Nancy Aspaugh (1982-1989; divorced) Annette Roque (1998-present) |
children | Three |
salary | $13,500,000 annually |
credits | ''Today'' co-anchor(1997–present)''Today'' news anchor(1994–1997) |
url | http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3079110/ }} |
Lauer got his first job in the New York area when he was hired to host a three-hour live interview program, WWOR-TV's ''9 Broadcast Plaza'', from 1989–1991. In 1990, he was hired by the Kushner-Locke Company to host a pilot called "Day In Court," executive produced by veteran producer David Sams, who helped to launch the ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' into national syndication. The program was retitled, "Trial Watch," when it went to series, and ran on the NBC network for two seasons. Ironically, NBC chose to hire Rob Weller, as host, over Lauer when the program was picked up as a daily series. Lauer moved to WNBC-TV in 1992 where he became co-anchor, alongside Jane Hanson, of the early weekday news show ''Today in New York''. After a year, he also filled the role of ''Live at Five'' co-anchor with Sue Simmons. He held that job until 1996.
Lauer stepped in for Scott Simon, Mike Schneider and Jack Ford as the co-host of ''Weekend Today'', and for Ann Curry as anchor of the former NBC News program ''NBC News at Sunrise'' from 1992 to 1997. He had also filled in for Tom Brokaw on ''NBC Nightly News''. As the ''Today Show'' news anchor, he also pinch-hit for Bryant Gumbel on the ''Today Show'' before being named the official co-anchor on January 6, 1997, after Gumbel stepped down.
In addition to his duties on the ''Today Show'', Lauer has also hosted programming on the Discovery Channel and MSNBC.
On some occasions, interviews conducted by Lauer have escalated into tense exchanges. In a June 2005 interview, Tom Cruise started an argument with Lauer about psychiatry and postpartum depression and called Lauer "glib". In December 2008, three and a half years later, Cruise said that he regrets the exchange, and even playfully arm-wrestled Matt Lauer in the same studio where the confrontation took place.
In a June 2006 interview with Ann Coulter, Coulter responded to Lauer's questioning her criticism of September 11, 2001, widows and said, "You're getting testy with me." On December 30, 2009, during an on-set Birthday Party for him, Lauer introduced "Barney Miller" and "Fish" TV star Abe Vigoda who was standing behind the cameras. Lauer then warmly invited Abe to come over and sit on the couch where Lauer announced that Abe Vigoda was his favorite guest of all times on the "Today" show. The two then discussed Matt's Birthday and Abe's long career.
In November 2006, Lauer and his daughter Romy hosted the Sesame Street direct-to-DVD Sesame Beginnings: Exploring Together.
Lauer hosted ''The Greatest American'' on the Discovery Channel, which used Internet and telephone voting by viewers to select the winner. Lauer was critical of his own program since it tended to favor well-known figures over others who had less influence in pop culture. Since 1998, he has co-hosted NBC's live coverage of ''Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade''.
Lauer guest-starred as himself on a live episode of ''Will & Grace'' in early 2006. (Former co-anchor Katie Couric had guest-starred as herself on an episode of the same NBC sitcom a few years earlier.)
On June 19, 2007, he interviewed Prince Henry and Prince William of Wales.
Lauer served as the 2009 Class Day speaker at Harvard University's undergraduate commencement ceremonies on June 3, 2009.
Matt Lauer appears as himself in the ''Land of the Lost'' movie, appearing in the beginning when Rick Marshall (Will Ferrell) appears on his show and single-handedly ruins his career. Lauer appears again at the end of the film, when Rick shows up with his new book, ''Matt Lauer Can Suck It''. Both scenes ended in violent physical confrontation between the two, with the staff trying to break them up. The first confrontation was caused by Marshall and the second by Lauer after Marshall gloats how his new book's title was legally acceptable.
Lauer has also co-hosted the opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games. He has broadcast with Bob Costas the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Summer and 2010 Winter Olympics, carrying what his former co-host Katie Couric had done since the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Category:1957 births Category:American television reporters and correspondents Category:American television news anchors Category:Boston, Massachusetts television anchors Category:Daytime Emmy Award winners Category:Harvard University people Category:American people of Romanian descent Category:Living people Category:NBC News Category:New York City television anchors Category:New York television reporters Category:Ohio University alumni Category:People from Greenwich, Connecticut Category:People from New York City
fr:Matthew Todd Lauer pt:Matt Lauer fi:Matt Lauer fa:مت لاورThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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