Native name
Conventional long name	Republic of Chad
Common name	Chad
Image coat	Chad coat of arms.png
Symbol type	Coat of arms
National motto	""(French)"Unity, Work, Progress"
National anthem	""The Chadian Hymn
Official languages	French, Arabic
Demonym	Chadian
Capital	N'Djamena
Largest city	capital
Government type	Presidential republic
Leader title1	President
Leader title2	Prime Minister
Leader name1	Idriss Déby
Leader name2	Emmanuel Nadingar
Area rank	21st
Area magnitude	1 E12
Area km2	1,284,000
Area sq mi	495,753
Percent water	1.9
Population estimate	10,329,208
Population estimate rank	74th
Population estimate year	2009
Population census	6,279,921
Population census year	1993
Population density km2	8.0
Population density sq mi	20.8
Population density rank	212th
Gdp ppp	$17.359 billion
Gdp ppp year	2010
Gdp ppp per capita	$1,698
Gdp nominal	$7.848 billion
Gdp nominal year	2010
Gdp nominal per capita	$767
Sovereignty type	Independence
Established event1	from France
Established date1	August 11, 1960
Hdi	0.295
Hdi rank	163rd
Hdi year	2010
Hdi category	low
Currency	Central African CFA franc
Currency code	XAF
Country code	TCD
Time zone	WAT
Utc offset	+1
Time zone dst	Not observed
Utc offset dst	+1
Cctld	.td
Calling code	235 }}

Chad (; , ), officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate, the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa".

Chad is divided into multiple regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanese savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second largest in Africa. Chad's highest peak is the Emi Koussi in the Sahara, and N'Djamena, (formerly Fort-Lamy), the capital, is the largest city. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Arabic and French are the official languages. Islam and Christianity are the most widely practised religions.

Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium BC, a series of states and empires rose and fell in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa.

In 1960, Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979, the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the south's hegemony. However, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissène Habré defeated his rivals. He was overthrown in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby. Recently, the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation, with hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees living in and around camps in eastern Chad.

While many political parties are active, power lies firmly in the hands of President Déby and his political party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d'état (see Battle of N'Djamena (2006) and Battle of N'Djamena (2008)).

Chad is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world; most inhabitants live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers. Since 2003, crude oil has become the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry.

History

In the 7th millennium BC ecological conditions in the northern half of Chadian territory favored human settlement, and the region experienced a strong population increase. Some of the most important African archaeological sites are found in Chad, mainly in the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region; some date to earlier than 2000 BC.

For more than 2000 years, the Chadian Basin has been inhabited by agricultural and sedentary peoples. The region became a crossroads of civilizations. The earliest of these were the legendary Sao, known from artifacts and oral histories. The Sao fell to the Kanem Empire, the first and longest-lasting of the empires that developed in Chad's Sahelian strip by the end of the 1st millennium AD. The power of Kanem and its successors was based on control of the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. These states, at least tacitly Muslim, never extended their control to the southern grasslands except to raid for slaves.

French colonial expansion led to the creation of the in 1900. By 1920, France had secured full control of the colony and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa. French rule in Chad was characterised by an absence of policies to unify the territory and sluggish modernisation. The French primarily viewed the colony as an unimportant source of untrained labour and raw cotton; France introduced large-scale cotton production in 1929. The colonial administration in Chad was critically understaffed and had to rely on the dregs of the French civil service. Only the south was governed effectively; French presence in the north and east was nominal. The educational system suffered from this neglect.

After World War II, France granted Chad the status of overseas territory and its inhabitants the right to elect representatives to the French National Assembly and a Chadian assembly. The largest political party was the Chadian Progressive Party (PPT), based in the southern half of the colony. Chad was granted independence on August 11, 1960 with the PPT's leader, François Tombalbaye, as its first president.

Two years later, Tombalbaye banned opposition parties and established a one-party system. Tombalbaye's autocratic rule and insensitive mismanagement exacerbated interethnic tensions. In 1965 Muslims began a civil war. Tombalbaye was overthrown and killed in 1975, but the insurgency continued. In 1979 the rebel factions conquered the capital, and all central authority in the country collapsed. Armed factions, many from the north's rebellion, contended for power.

The disintegration of Chad caused the collapse of France's position in the country. Libya moved to fill the power vacuum and became involved in Chad's civil war. Libya's adventure ended in disaster in 1987; the French-supported president, Hissène Habré, evoked a united response from Chadians of a kind never seen before and forced the Libyan army off Chadian soil.

Habré consolidated his dictatorship through a power system that relied on corruption and violence; an estimated 40,000 people were killed under his rule. The president favoured his own Daza ethnic group and discriminated against his former allies, the Zaghawa. His general, Idriss Déby, overthrew him in 1990.

Déby attempted to reconcile the rebel groups and reintroduced multiparty politics. Chadians approved a new constitution by referendum, and in 1996, Déby easily won a competitive presidential election. He won a second term five years later. Oil exploitation began in Chad in 2003, bringing with it hopes that Chad would at last have some chances of peace and prosperity. Instead, internal dissent worsened, and a new civil war broke out. Déby unilaterally modified the constitution to remove the two-term limit on the presidency; this caused an uproar among the civil society and opposition parties. In 2006 Déby won a third mandate in elections that the opposition boycotted. Ethnic violence in eastern Chad has increased; the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has warned that a genocide like that in Darfur may yet occur in Chad.

In 2006 and in 2008 rebel forces have attempted to take the capital by force, but have on both occasions failed.

Politics and government

Chad's constitution provides for a strong executive branch headed by a president who dominates the political system. The president has the power to appoint the prime minister and the cabinet, and exercises considerable influence over appointments of judges, generals, provincial officials and heads of Chad's para-statal firms. In cases of grave and immediate threat, the president, in consultation with the National Assembly, may declare a state of emergency. The president is directly elected by popular vote for a five-year term; in 2005 constitutional term limits were removed.

This removal allows a president to remain in power beyond the previous two-term limit. Most of Déby's key advisers are members of the Zaghawa ethnic group, although southern and opposition personalities are represented in government.

Corruption is rife at all levels; Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index for 2005 named Chad the most corrupt country in the world, and it has fared only slightly better in the following years. In 2007, it scored 1.8 out of 10 on the Corruption Perceptions Index (with 10 being the least corrupt). Only Tonga, Uzbekistan, Haiti, Iraq, Burma, and Somalia scored lower. Critics of President Déby have accused him of cronyism and tribalism.

Chad's legal system is based on French civil law and Chadian customary law where the latter does not interfere with public order or constitutional guarantees of equality. Despite the constitution's guarantee of judicial independence, the president names most key judicial officials. The legal system's highest jurisdictions, the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Council, have become fully operational since 2000. The Supreme Court is made up of a chief justice, named by the president, and 15 councillors, appointed for life by the president and the National Assembly. The Constitutional Court is headed by nine judges elected to nine-year terms. It has the power to review legislation, treaties and international agreements prior to their adoption.

The National Assembly makes legislation. The body consists of 155 members elected for four-year terms who meet three times per year. The Assembly holds regular sessions twice a year, starting in March and October, and can hold special sessions when called by the prime minister. Deputies elect a National Assembly president every two years. The president must sign or reject newly passed laws within 15 days. The National Assembly must approve the prime minister's plan of government and may force the prime minister to resign through a majority vote of no confidence. However, if the National Assembly rejects the executive branch's programme twice in one year, the president may disband the Assembly and call for new legislative elections. In practice, the president exercises considerable influence over the National Assembly through his party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), which holds a large majority.

Until the legalisation of opposition parties in 1992, Déby's MPS was the sole legal party in Chad. Since, 78 registered political parties have become active. In 2005, opposition parties and human rights organisations supported the boycott of the constitutional referendum that allowed Déby to stand for re-election for a third term amid reports of widespread irregularities in voter registration and government censorship of independent media outlets during the campaign. Correspondents judged the 2006 presidential elections a mere formality, as the opposition deemed the polls a farce and boycotted.

Déby faces armed opposition from groups who are deeply divided by leadership clashes but united in their intention to overthrow him. These forces stormed the capital on April 13, 2006, but were ultimately repelled. Chad's greatest foreign influence is France, which maintains 1,000 troops in the country. Déby relies on the French to help repel the rebels, and France gives the Chadian army logistical and intelligence support for fear of a complete collapse of regional stability. Nevertheless, Franco-Chadian relations were soured by the granting of oil drilling rights to the American Exxon company in 1999.

Educators face considerable challenges due to the nation's dispersed population and a certain degree of reluctance on the part of parents to send their children to school. Although attendance is compulsory, only 68% of boys attend primary school, and more than half of the population is illiterate. Higher education is provided at the University of N'Djamena.

Humanitarian situation

According to the United Nations, Chad has been affected by a humanitarian crisis since at least 2001. As of 2008, the country of Chad hosts over 280,000 refugees from the Sudan's Darfur region, over 55,000 from the Central African Republic, as well as over 170,000 internally displaced persons.

In February 2008 in the aftermath of the battle of N'Djamena, UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs John Holmes expressed "extreme concern" that the crisis would have a negative effect on the ability of humanitarians to deliver life-saving assistance to half a million beneficiaries, most of whom – according to him – heavily rely on humanitarian aid for their survival. UN spokesperson Maurizio Giuliano stated to The Washington Post: "If we do not manage to provide aid at sufficient levels, the humanitarian crisis might become a humanitarian catastrophe".

Regions, departments, and sub-prefectures

Chad has been divided since February 2008 in 22 regions. The subdivision of Chad in regions came about in 2003 as part of the decentralisation process, when the government abolished the previous 14 prefectures. Each region is headed by a presidentially appointed governor. Prefects administer the 61 departments within the regions. The departments are divided into 200 sub-prefectures, which are in turn composed of 446 cantons.

The cantons are scheduled to be replaced by communautés rurales, but the legal and regulatory framework has not yet been completed. The constitution provides for decentralised government to compel local populations to play an active role in their own development. To this end, the constitution declares that each administrative subdivisions be governed by elected local assemblies, but no local elections have taken place, and communal elections scheduled for 2005 have been repeatedly postponed.

The regions are:

Bahr el Gazel Batha Borkou Chari-Baguirmi Ennedi Guéra Hadjer-Lamis Kanem Lac Logone Occidental Logone Oriental

Mandoul Mayo-Kebbi Est Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Moyen-Chari Ouaddaï Salamat Sila Tandjilé Tibesti Wadi Fira N'Djamena

Geography

At , Chad is the world's 21st-largest country. It is slightly smaller than Peru and slightly larger than South Africa. Chad is in north central Africa, lying between latitudes 7° and 24°N, and 13° and 24°E. Chad is bounded to the north by Libya, to the east by Sudan, to the west by Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon, and to the south by the Central African Republic. The country's capital is from the nearest seaport Douala (Cameroon). Due to this distance from the sea and the country's largely desert climate, Chad is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa".

A heritage of the colonial era, Chad's borders do not coincide wholly with natural boundaries. The dominant physical structure is a wide basin bounded to the north, east and south by mountain ranges such as the Ennedi Plateau in the north-east. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the remains of an immense lake that occupied of the Chad Basin 7,000 years ago. Although in the 21st century it covers only , and its surface area is subject to heavy seasonal fluctuations, the lake is Africa's second largest wetland. The Emi Koussi, a dormant volcano in the Tibesti Mountains that reaches above sea level, is the highest point in Chad and the Sahara.

The region's tall grasses and extensive marshes make it favourable for birds, reptiles, and large mammals. Chad's major rivers—the Chari, Logone and their tributaries—flow through the southern savannas from the southeast into Lake Chad.

Climate

Each year a tropical weather system known as the intertropical front crosses Chad from south to north, bringing a wet season that lasts from May to October in the south, and from June to September in the Sahel. Variations in local rainfall create three major geographical zones. The Sahara lies in the country's northern third. Yearly precipitations throughout this belt are under ; only the occasional spontaneous palm grove survives, the only ones to do so south of the Tropic of Cancer. The Sahara gives way to a Sahelian belt in Chad's centre; precipitation there varies from per year. In the Sahel, a steppe of thorny bushes (mostly acacias) gradually gives way to the south to East Sudanian savanna in Chad's Sudanese zone. Yearly rainfall in this belt is over .

Economy and infrastructure

The United Nations' Human Development Index ranks Chad as the seventh poorest country in the world, with 80% of the population living below the poverty line. The GDP (Purchasing power parity) per capita was estimated as US$1,600 in 2008. Chad is part of the Bank of Central African States, the Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (UDEAC) and the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). Its currency is the CFA franc. Years of civil war have scared away foreign investors; those who left Chad between 1979 and 1982 have only recently begun to regain confidence in the country's future. In 2000 major direct foreign investment in the oil sector began, boosting the country's economic prospects.

Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. The crops grown and the locations of herds are determined by the local climate. In the southernmost 10 percent of the territory lies the nation's most fertile cropland, with rich yields of sorghum and millet. In the Sahel only the hardier varieties of millet grow, and these with much lower yields than in the south. On the other hand, the Sahel is ideal pastureland for large herds of commercial cattle and for goats, sheep, donkeys and horses. The Sahara's scattered oases support only some dates and legumes.

Before the development of oil industry, cotton dominated industry and the labour market and accounted for approximately 80% of export earnings. Cotton remains a primary export, although exact figures are not available. Rehabilitation of Cotontchad, a major cotton company that suffered from a decline in world cotton prices, has been financed by France, the Netherlands, the European Union, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). The parastatal is now expected to be privatised.

ExxonMobil leads a consortium of Chevron and Petronas that has invested $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves estimated at one billion barrels in southern Chad. Oil production began in 2003 with the completion of a pipeline (financed in part by the World Bank) that links the southern oilfields to terminals on the Atlantic coast of Cameroon. As a condition of its assistance, the World Bank insisted that 80% of oil revenues be spent on development projects. In January 2006 the World Bank suspended its loan programme when the Chadian government passed laws reducing this amount. On July 14, 2006, the World Bank and Chad signed a memorandum of understanding under which the Government of Chad commits 70% of its spending to priority poverty reduction programmes.

Civil war crippled the development of transport infrastructure; in 1987, Chad had only of paved roads. Successive road rehabilitation projects improved the network to by 2004. Nevertheless, the road network is limited; roads are often unusable for several months of the year. With no railways of its own, Chad depends heavily on Cameroon's rail system for the transport of Chadian exports and imports to and from the seaport of Douala.

An international airport serves the capital and provides regular direct flights to Paris and several African cities. The telecommunication system is basic and expensive, with fixed telephone services provided by the state telephone company SotelTchad. Only 14,000 fixed telephone lines serve all of Chad, one of the lowest telephone density rates in the world. Chad's energy sector has suffered from years of mismanagement by the parastatal Chad Water and Electric Society (STEE), which provides power for 15% of the capital's citizens and covers only 1.5% of the national population. Most Chadians burn biomass fuels such as wood and animal manure for power. Chad's cities face serious difficulties of municipal infrastructure; only 48% of urban residents have access to potable water and only 2% to basic sanitation.

The country's television audience is limited to N'Djamena. The only television station is the state-owned TeleTchad. Radio has a far greater reach, with 13 private radio stations. Newspapers are limited in quantity and distribution, and circulation figures are small due to transportation costs, low literacy rates, and poverty. While the constitution defends liberty of expression, the government has regularly restricted this right, and at the end of 2006 began to enact a system of prior censorship on the media.

Demographics

2005 estimates place Chad's population at 10,146,000; 25.8% live in urban areas and 74.8% in rural ones. The country's population is young: an estimated 47.3% is under 15. The birth rate is estimated at 42.35 births per 1,000 people, the mortality rate at 16.69. The life expectancy is 47.2 years.

Chad's population is unevenly distributed. Density is in the Saharan Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region but in the Logone Occidental Region. In the capital, it is even higher. About half of the nation's population lives in the southern fifth of its territory, making this the most densely populated region.

Urban life is virtually restricted to the capital, whose population is mostly engaged in commerce. The other major towns are Sarh, Moundou, Abéché and Doba, which are less urbanised but are growing rapidly and joining the capital as decisive factors in economic growth. Since 2003, 230,000 Sudanese refugees have fled to eastern Chad from war-ridden Darfur. With the 172,000 Chadians displaced by the civil war in the east, this has generated increased tensions among the region's communities.

Polygamy is common, with 39% of women living in such unions. This is sanctioned by law, which automatically permits polygamy unless spouses specify that this is unacceptable upon marriage. Although violence against women is prohibited, domestic violence is common. Female genital mutilation is prohibited, but the practice is widespread and deeply rooted in tradition; 45% of Chadian women undergo the procedure, with the highest rates among Arabs, Hadjarai, and Ouaddaians (90% or more). Lower percentages were reported among the Sara (38%) and the Toubou (2%). Women lack equal opportunities in education and training, making it difficult for them to compete for the relatively few formal-sector jobs. Although property and inheritance laws based on the French code do not discriminate against women, local leaders adjudicate most inheritance cases in favour of men, according to traditional practice.

Chad has more than 200 distinct ethnic groups, which create diverse social structures. The colonial administration and independent governments have attempted to impose a national society, but for most Chadians the local or regional society remains the most important influence outside the immediate family. Nevertheless, Chad's peoples may be classified according to the geographical region in which they live. In the south live sedentary people such as the Sara, the nation's main ethnic group, whose essential social unit is the lineage. In the Sahel sedentary peoples live side-by-side with nomadic ones, such as the Arabs, the country's second major ethnic group. The north is inhabited by nomads, mostly Toubous. The nation's official business languages are French and Arabic, but over 100 languages and dialects are spoken. Due to the important role played by itinerant Arab traders and settled merchants in local communities, Chadian Arabic has become a lingua franca.

Religion

Chad is a religiously diverse country. The 1993 census found that 54% of Chadians were Muslim, 20% Roman Catholic, 14% Protestant, 10% animist, and 3% atheist. None of these religious traditions are monolithic. Animism includes a variety of ancestor and place-oriented religions whose expression is highly specific. Islam is expressed in diverse ways. Christianity arrived in Chad with the French and American missionaries; as with Chadian Islam, it syncretises aspects of pre-Christian religious beliefs. Muslims are largely concentrated in northern and eastern Chad, and animists and Christians live primarily in southern Chad and Guéra. The constitution provides for a secular state and guarantees religious freedom; different religious communities generally co-exist without problems.

{{bar box |title=Religion in Chad |titlebar=#ddd |left1=religion |right1=percent |float=right |bars= }}The vast majority of Muslims in the country are adherents of a moderate branch of mystical Islam (Sufism) known locally as Tijaniyah, which incorporates some local African religious elements. A small minority of the country's Muslims hold more fundamentalist practices, which, in some cases, may be associated with Saudi-oriented Salafi-movement.

Roman Catholics represent the largest Christian denomination in the country. Most Protestants, including the Nigeria-based "Winners Chapel," are affiliated with various evangelical Christian groups. Members of the Bahá'í and Jehovah's Witnesses religious communities also are present in the country. Both faiths were introduced after independence in 1960 and therefore are considered to be "new" religions in the country.

Chad is home to foreign missionaries representing both Christian and Islamic groups. Itinerant Muslim preachers primarily from Sudan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan, also visit. Saudi Arabian funding generally supports social and educational projects and extensive mosque construction.

Culture

+Holidays
Date	English Name
January 1	New Year's Day
Shawwal 1	Eid ul-Fitr
May 1	Labour Day
May 25	African Liberation Day
August 11	Independence Day
November 1
November 28	Republic Day
December 1	Freedom and Democracy Day
December 25	Christmas

Because of its great variety of peoples and languages, Chad possesses a rich cultural heritage. The Chadian government has actively promoted Chadian culture and national traditions by opening the Chad National Museum and the Chad Cultural Centre. Six national holidays are observed throughout the year, and movable holidays include the Christian holiday of Easter Monday and the Muslim holidays of Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, and Eid Milad Nnabi.

Regarding music, Chadians play instruments such as the kinde, a type of bow harp; the kakaki, a long tin horn; and the hu hu, a stringed instrument that uses calabashes as loudspeakers. Other instruments and their combinations are more linked to specific ethnic groups: the Sara prefer whistles, balafones, harps and kodjo drums; and the Kanembu combine the sounds of drums with those of flute-like instruments.

The music group Chari Jazz formed in 1964 and initiated Chad's modern music scene. Later, more renowned groups such as African Melody and International Challal attempted to mix modernity and tradition. Popular groups such as Tibesti have clung faster to their heritage by drawing on sai, a traditional style of music from southern Chad. The people of Chad have customarily disdained modern music. However, in 1995 greater interest has developed and fostered the distribution of CDs and audio cassettes featuring Chadian artists. Piracy and a lack of legal protections for artists' rights remain problems to further development of the Chadian music industry.

Millet is the staple food throughout Chad. It is used to make balls of paste that are dipped in sauces. In the north this dish is known as alysh; in the south, as biya. Fish is popular, which is generally prepared and sold either as salanga (sun-dried and lightly smoked Alestes and Hydrocynus) or as banda (smoked larger fish). Carcaje is a popular sweet drink extracted from hibiscus leaves. Alcoholic beverages, though absent in the north, are popular in the south, where people drink millet beer, known as billi-billi when brewed from red millet and as coshate when from white millet.

As in other Sahelian countries, literature in Chad has suffered from an economic, political and spiritual drought that has affected its best known writers. Chadian authors have been forced to write from exile or expatriate status and have generated literature dominated by themes of political oppression and historical discourse. Since 1962, 20 Chadian authors have written some 60 works of fiction. Among the most internationally renowned writers are Joseph Brahim Seïd, Baba Moustapha, Antoine Bangui and Koulsy Lamko. In 2003 Chad's sole literary critic, Ahmat Taboye, published his to further knowledge of Chad's literature internationally and among youth and to make up for Chad's lack of publishing houses and promotional structure.

The development of a Chadian film industry has suffered from the devastations of civil war and from the lack of cinemas, of which there is only one in the whole country. The first Chadian feature film, the docudrama Bye Bye Africa, was made in 1999 by Mahamat Saleh Haroun. His later film Abouna was critically acclaimed, and his Daratt won the Grand Special Jury Prize at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival. Issa Serge Coelo directed Chad's two other films, Daresalam and DP75: Tartina City.

Football is Chad's most popular sport. The country's national team is closely followed during international competitions, and Chadian footballers have played for French teams. Basketball and freestyle wrestling are widely practiced, the latter in a form in which the wrestlers don traditional animal hides and cover themselves with dust.

See also

2010 Sahel famine

French Equatorial Africa

Notes

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World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision Population Database. 2006. United Nations Population Division.

"Worst corruption offenders named", BBC News, November 18, 2005.

Young, Neil (August 2002); An interview with Mahamet-Saleh Haroun, writer and director of Abouna ("Our Father").

External links

; Government Official government site Official presidency site

Chad Embassy – Washington DC

Chief of State and Cabinet Members

; General

Category:African countries Category:Arabic-speaking countries and territories Category:French-speaking countries Category:Landlocked countries Category:Least developed countries Category:Member states of La Francophonie Category:Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Category:Republics Category:States and territories established in 1960 Category:Member states of the United Nations

ace:Chad af:Tsjad als:Tschad am:ቻድ ang:Cead ar:تشاد an:Chad arc:ܬܫܐܕ roa-rup:Ciad frp:Tch·ad ast:Chad az:Çad bm:Cad bn:চাদ bjn:Chad zh-min-nan:Tchad be:Чад be-x-old:Чад bcl:Tsad bo:ཆཱ་ཌ། bs:Čad br:Tchad bg:Чад ca:Txad ceb:Chad cs:Čad cy:Tchad da:Tchad de:Tschad dv:ޝާދު et:Tšaad el:Τσαντ es:Chad eo:Ĉado ext:Chad eu:Txad fa:چاد hif:Chad fo:Kjad fr:Tchad fy:Tsjaad ga:Sead gv:Shad gd:An t-Siad gl:Chad - Tchad gu:ચૅડ xal:Чадигин Орн ko:차드 ha:Cadi hy:Չադ hi:चाड hr:Čad io:Chad ig:Chad bpy:চাদ id:Chad ia:Tchad ie:Chad os:Чад (паддзахад) is:Tsjad it:Ciad he:צ'אד jv:Chad pam:Chad ka:ჩადი ks:चाड kk:Чад kw:Chad rw:Cade sw:Chad kg:Tasadi ht:Tchad ku:Çad mrj:Чад la:Tzadia lv:Čada lb:Tschad lt:Čadas lij:Ciad li:Tsjaad ln:Tshadi jbo:tcad lmo:Ciad hu:Csád mk:Чад ml:ഛാഡ് mt:Ċad mr:चाड arz:تشاد mzn:چاد ms:Chad my:ချဒ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ nah:Chad na:Tsiad nl:Tsjaad ja:チャド pih:Chad no:Tsjad nn:Tsjad nov:Chad oc:Chad uz:Chad pnb:چڈ ps:چاډ pms:Ciad nds:Tschad pl:Czad pt:Chade kaa:Chad crh:Çad ro:Ciad rm:Tschad qu:Chad ru:Чад sah:Чад se:Čád sa:चाड sg:Sâde sc:Chad sco:Chad stq:Tschad sq:Çadi scn:Ciad simple:Chad ss:IShedi sk:Čad sl:Čad szl:Czad so:Jad ckb:چاد sr:Чад sh:Čad fi:Tšad sv:Tchad tl:Tsad ta:சாட் kab:Ččad tt:Чад te:చాద్ tet:Xade th:ประเทศชาด ti:ቻድ tg:Чад tr:Çad uk:Чад ur:چاڈ ug:چاد vec:Ciad vi:Tchad vo:Tjadän fiu-vro:Tšaad wa:Tchad war:Chad wo:Cadd ts:Chad yo:Chad zh-yue:乍得 diq:Çad bat-smg:Čads zh:乍得

name	Bad News
background	group_or_band
origin	United Kingdom
genre	Heavy metal
years active	1983–1988
label	EMI
past members	Vim FuegoDen DennisColin GrigsonSpider Webb }}

Bad News were a spoof rock band, created for the Channel 4 television series The Comic Strip Presents.... Its members were Vim Fuego (aka Alan Metcalfe), vocals and lead guitar (played by Adrian Edmondson); Den Dennis, rhythm guitar (Nigel Planer); Colin Grigson, bass (Rik Mayall); and Spider Webb, drums (Peter Richardson).

Biography

Bad News made their television debut during 1983, in the first series of The Comic Strip Presents... (written by Edmondson, and produced by Michael White/Comic Strip Productions). The episode, Bad News Tour, took the form of a satirical fly-on-the-wall rockumentary, in which the incompetent band is followed travelling to a gig in Grantham by an almost equally inept documentary film crew. Coincidentally, it was in production at the same time as This Is Spinal Tap, which was released the following year to a much wider audience and subsequently greater acclaim. The episode is notable for featuring songs (written by Edmondson and Simon Brint) that do not appear on either of the Bad News albums or in the later TV episode. These rare tunes are 'Bad News' (Version 1), 'The Motorbike Song' (aka 'Doing A Turn Down The Highway'), a brief snippet of a song whose title is unknown, and an almost complete live version of 'Mr Rock N Roll'. These tunes represent the only released Bad News material not (co)produced by Queen guitarist Brian May.

The band continued to tour throughout most of the decade and released an eponymously titled album, consisting of thrashy rock songs punctuated by frequent squabbling amongst the band's members. Brian May produced the record, which included a cover of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody". That track peaked at #44 in the UK Singles Chart in September 1987.

Perhaps their most memorable appearance was when they were invited to play at the Monsters of Rock festival at Castle Donington in 1986. This performance was the centre piece of a second follow up Comic Strip episode, More Bad News broadcast again by Channel 4 in 1988. A feature of the band's onstage antics that day, omitted from the final cut, was an interesting method of coping with the crowd's plastic (and often urine-filled) bottle barrage, which was then a traditional (if somewhat awkward) welcome for bands playing at the Donington festival in those days. Before the performance began proper, the band spent time just running around on stage dodging missiles, with Mayall using his guitar as a bat in an attempt to return some. They also played a low-key London show at the Marquee Club, with guest appearances by Jeff Beck and Brian May.

Discography

1987 – Bad News - UK #69

1988 – Bootleg 1992 – The Cash In Compilation

2004 – Bad News (re-release on EMI International)

Members

Vim Fuego aka Alan Metcalfe (Adrian Edmondson) – Vocals and lead guitar

Den Dennis (Nigel Planer) – Rhythm guitar

Colin Grigson (Rik Mayall) – Bass guitar

Spider Webb (Peter Richardson) – Drums

References

External links

BBC's h2g2 Bad News entry

Category:English heavy metal musical groups Category:Musical groups established in 1983 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1988 Category:Mockumentary television series Category:The Comic Strip Category:Comedy rock

de:Bad News no:Bad News (band)

name	Chad "Money" Mendes
other names	MoneyShot, Money
birth name	Chad Edward Mendes
birth date	May 01, 1985
birth place	Hanford, California, United States
nationality	American
height
weight
weight class	Featherweight
reach
style	Wrestling, Boxing
stance	Orthodox
fighting out of	Sacramento, California
team	Team Alpha Male
rank	NCAA Division I Wrestling
years active	2008–present
mma win	11
mma kowin	2
mma subwin	2
mma decwin	7
mma loss	0
university	California Polytechnic State University
school	Hanford High School
url	Official UFC Profile
sherdog	38393
updated	February 16, 2011 }}

Chad Edward Mendes (born May 1, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Mendes is currently a member of Team Alpha Male, training regularly with Urijah Faber, Joseph Benavidez and Master Tong. As of February 2011, Mendes is ranked the No. 3 featherweight in the world by Sherdog, and No. 2 in the world by ESPN MMA and MMAWeekly.

Wrestling career

High school

Mendes finished 8th in the state of California (103 weight class), wrestling for Hanford High School. In 2002, he finished 5th at 114 lbs. and in 2003, he finished third at 121 lbs. Chad Mendes also received honors for being a Cadet All-American.

NCAA

Mendes wrestled for California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, CA. He finished his career with an overall record of 64-14. As a Senior, Mendes finished the year with a 30-1 record, being ranked #1 in the nation for most of the season. He eventually lost to Ohio State's Jaggers in the title match for the 141 weight class. Mendes received All-American honors both in 2005 for the 125 weight class and again in 2008 for the 141 weight class. In 2008, Mendes also received Pac-10 Wrestler of the Year honors.

Mixed Martial Arts career

Early career

After the conclusion of his NCAA Wrestling Career, Chad Mendes began to train with the mixed martial arts team Team Alpha Male. He began fighting for the Palace Fighting Championship and went undefeated. Mendes fights in the Featherweight division, training alongside Urijah Faber and Joseph Benavidez.

World Extreme Cagefighting

Mendes successfully made his WEC debut against Erik Koch on March 6, 2010 at WEC 47. He won the fight via unanimous decision, despite a cut over his right eye that was examined during the fight to see if he could continue.

Mendes faced Anthony Morrison, replacing an injured Mackens Semerzier, on April 24, 2010 at WEC 48. He won via first round submission.

Mendes faced Cub Swanson on August 18, 2010 at WEC 50. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Mendes faced Javier Vazquez on November 11, 2010 at WEC 52 and defeated him via unanimous decision. Mendes was able to utilize his improved striking to compliment his superior wrestling to dictate where he wanted to take the action.

Ultimate Fighting Championship

On October 28, 2010, World Extreme Cagefighting merged with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As part of the merger, all WEC fighters were transferred to the UFC.

Mendes made his UFC debut against returning veteran and judo black belt Michihiro Omigawa on February 5, 2011 at UFC 126. He won the fight via unanimous decision after winning every round.

Following UFC 129, Dana White mentioned in the post-fight press conference that Mendes may have a shot at the title against UFC featherweight champion José Aldo. Although the two were expected to fight at UFC 133, Aldo is expected to be sidelined until October recovering from various injuries.

Mendes next faced Rani Yahya on August 6, 2011 at UFC 133. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Personal life

Mendes is of Portuguese, Italian, Puerto Rican, Mexican, Irish and Indian descent.

Mixed martial arts record

|- |Win |align=center|11-0 | Rani Yahya |Decision (unanimous) |UFC 133 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States | |- |Win |align=center|10-0 | Michihiro Omigawa |Decision (unanimous) |UFC 126 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- |Win |align=center|9-0 | Javier Vazquez |Decision (unanimous) |WEC 52 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- |Win |align=center|8-0 | Cub Swanson |Decision (unanimous) |WEC 50 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- |Win |align=center|7-0 | Anthony Morrison |Submission (guillotine choke) |WEC 48 | |align=center|1 |align=center|2:13 |Sacramento, California, United States | |- |Win |align=center|6-0 | Erik Koch |Decision (unanimous) |WEC 47 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Columbus, Ohio, United States | |- |Win |align=center|5-0 | Mike Joy |Decision (unanimous) |Tachi Palace Fights 1: Most Wanted | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Lemoore, California, United States | |- |Win |align=center|4-0 | Steven Siler |KO (punches) |PFC: Best of Both Worlds 3 | |align=center|1 |align=center|0:44 |Lemoore, California, United States | |- |Win |align=center|3-0 | Art Arciniega |Decision (unanimous) |PFC: Best of Both Worlds 2 | |align=center|3 |align=center|3:00 |Lemoore, California, United States | |- |Win |align=center|2-0 | Leland Gridley |TKO (punches) |PFC: Best of Both Worlds | |align=center|2 |align=center|1:58 |Lemoore, California, United States | |- |Win |align=center|1-0 | Giovanni Encarnacion |Submission (rear-naked choke) |PFC 10: Explosive | |align=center|1 |align=center|2:06 |Lemoore, California, United States |

References

External links

Official UFC Profile

Chad Mendes Analysis

Chad Mendes profile at the National Wrestling Hall of Fame

Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:People from Hanford, California Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American people of Italian descent Category:American people of Portuguese descent Category:American people of Puerto Rican descent Category:American people of Native American descent Category:Native American sportspeople Category:American mixed martial artists Category:Mixed martial artists from California Category:Featherweight mixed martial artists Category:American sport wrestlers

name	Chad Michael Murray
birth date	August 24, 1981
birth place	Buffalo, New York, U.S.
occupation	Actor Model (former)
years active	1999-present
othername	Chad Murray
spouse	Sophia Bush (m. 2005-2006)
partner	Kenzie Dalton (2005-present) }}

Chad Michael Murray (born August 24, 1981) is an American actor, former fashion model and spokesperson. Murray is well-known for portraying Lucas Scott in The CW young adult drama series One Tree Hill, in addition to the commercially successful films A Cinderella Story, Freaky Friday and House of Wax. Popular among teenagers and young adults, he has posed on the cover of numerous mainstream magazines, including Rolling Stone, People, Vanity Fair and Entertainment Weekly.

Early life

Murray was born in Buffalo, New York. He is the son of Rex Murray, an air traffic controller, and was abandoned by his mother at a young age. His abandonment issues were the main reasons he took the part of Lucas Scott.

Murray attended Clarence High School, in Clarence, New York. He became a fan of literature, and was heavily involved in playing football. In his late teens, he broke his nose. This led to reports during his careers that he had received a nose job. Murray clarified in a 2004 interview, "I got jumped in a Burger King when I was 18 and had my nose put on the other side of my face. It was three guys -- what the hell was I supposed to do? The doctors didn't even bother running X-rays. They just reset it. But it wasn't a nose job -- I hate the fact that people say it was a nose job!''"

Career

In 1999, Murray headed for Hollywood where he supported himself modeling for such clients as Skechers, Tommy Hilfiger and Gucci.

Murray appeared in several guest-starring television roles, including an episode of Diagnosis: Murder and an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. In 1999, Murray was cast as Tristan DuGrey on Gilmore Girls; the role was one of the main characters in the first season of the series and then became a recurring character thereafter. Murray then appeared in several television films, such as Aftermath and Murphy's Dozen. Later that year, he portrayed the role Charlie Todd on the successful television series Dawson's Creek.

In 2003, Murray appeared in the Walt Disney Pictures feature film, Freaky Friday alongside Lindsay Lohan and Jamie Lee Curtis. The film was a major box office success, garnering a total of $110,222,438 in the United States alone. Critics were mostly positive in their reviews of the film, and the film garnered a "B" grade on Yahoo! Movies and an 88% "Certified Fresh" approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Murray also appeared in the television film The Lone Ranger where he portrayed the role of Luke Hartman.

Later that year, Murray won the main role of Lucas Scott in the successful WB television series One Tree Hill. The series quickly became the channel's biggest hit with over 4.50 million viewers on the first season's finale. The series was The WB's most successful and top rated television program when it first aired in 2003 and continued receiving top ratings for The CW. The series also earned Murray numerous awards, including two Teen Choice Awards, and spawned a book series which was successful among critics who praised the cast's performances and the original storylines. After Murray gained mainstream fame and media exposure, he also became a spokesperson for several high-profile deals. He and his One Tree Hill co-stars were the official endorsers for MasterCard and K-Mart. In addition, they endorsed the Cingular Wireless and Chevy Cobalt.

Following Murray's starring role on One Tree Hill in 2003, he appeared on the cover of several mainstream magazines such as Rolling Stone and People. That same year, he was voted as one of "TV's Sexiest Guys" in People magazine. In 2004, Murray starred in the romantic comedy A Cinderella Story with Hilary Duff. Though the reviews were mostly negative, the film went on to become a moderate box office hit, and critics were impressed by Duff's performance. A Cinderella Story earned $70.1 million worldwide. The film led to many 2006 Teen Choice Awards wins for many categories. Later that year, Murray was named one of the "Sexiest Men Alive" by People magazine and appeared on the cover of the magazine.

In 2005, Murray starred in House of Wax. The film grossed $12 million in its first day. Though most film critics gave the film negative reviews, House of Wax earned over $68,766,121 worldwide. The film led to Murray receiving many 2006 Teen Choice Awards wins for many categories including "Choice Movie Actor: Action/Adventure/Thriller".

In May 2009, The CW announced Murray would not be returning to One Tree Hill for its seventh season. A video of Murray was recorded in which he was telling fans that they did not want him back because they wanted to save money. However, Mark Schwann said in an interview that he had been offered "great things" to return to the show.

In 2010, Murray played Alicia Keys's love interest in her music video for "Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready)". Murray will also be co-starring in a film named Christmas Cupid with Ashley Benson and Christina Milian. The film is an ABC Family Original Movie and will be "more or about a comatose girl who visits her Christmas past, present, and future".

In March 2011, it was reported that Murray will be dropping the "Michael" from his name. The name change has yet to be confirmed.

Murray is set to release his debut novel in September 2011, titled 'Everlast' In August 2011, it was announced by The CW that he will make a guest appearance as Lucas Scott in the upcoming and last season of One Tree Hill.

Personal life

Murray married One Tree Hill co-star Sophia Bush on April 16, 2005 after almost two years of dating. Five months after the wedding, Bush filed court papers to have their marriage annulled. After the annulment was finalized, Murray began dating Kenzie Dalton, a former cheerleader extra on One Tree Hill and the first runner-up in the 2005 Miss North Carolina Teen USA pageant. They later became engaged.

Filmography

Film
! Year	! Film	! Role	! Notes
2001		David Alexander - Age 16	Straight-to-DVD
2003		Jake
2004	A Cinderella Story	Austin Ames	Teen Choice Award for Choice Breakout Movie Star Male Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Chemistry (shared with Hilary Duff) Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Liplock (shared with Hilary Duff) Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Love Scene (shared with Hilary Duff)
2005		Nick Jones	Teen Choice Awards
2006		Jordan Owens
	[[The Haunting in Georgia	Andy Wyrick	Pre-production
Renee	Jamie Tworkowski	Filming
Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
	Undressed	Dan	Episode 2.17
Diagnosis: Murder	Ray Santucci
2000–2001	Gilmore Girls	Tristan DuGrey	Recurring cast (Season 1; 11 episodes)
	Murphy's Dozen	Unknown	Made-for-television film
Aftermath	Sean	Credited as Chad Murray; Made-for-television film
2001–2002	Dawson's Creek	Charlie Todd	Recurring cast (Season 5; 12 episodes)
2002	CSI: Crime Scene Investigation	Tom Haviland
2003
2003–2009, 2012		Lucas Scott	Main role (Seasons 1-6; 2003–2009; 130 episodes) Teen Choice Award for Choice Breakout TV Star Male (2004) Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actor: Drama (2008) Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actor: Drama/Action/Adventure (2004, 2006) Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actor: Drama (2005) Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Chemistry (2005; shared with James Lafferty) Nominated — Prism Award for Performance in a Drama Series Storyline (2006)
	Lies in Plain Sight	Ethan McAllister
Christmas Cupid	Patrick
Music videos
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
2010	"Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready)"	Love interest	Alicia Keys video

Awards

Choice Breakout Movie Star - Male rowspan="7" rowspan="2"Teen Choice Awards rowspan="2" Performance in a Drama Series Storyline Teen Choice Awards

Year
rowspan="3">2004	Teen Choice Awards	|	<		A Cinderella Story
Choice Breakout TV Star - Male		|rowspan="2"| One Tree Hill ||
Choice TV Actor: Drama/Action/Adventure
rowspan="7">2005	Teen Choice Awards ||	Choice Movie Actor: Action/Adventure/Thriller		House of Wax ||
Choice Movie Rumble
Choice Movie Chemistry	|	A Cinderella Story	Shared with Hilary Duff
Choice Movie Liplock
Choice Movie Love Scene
Choice TV Actor: Drama	|rowspan="2"| One Tree Hill ||
Choice TV Chemistry
rowspan="2"	2006	|	Choice TV Actor: Drama/Action/Adventure		One Tree Hill ||
Prism Award	|
2008	|	Choice TV Actor: Drama		One Tree Hill (TV series)>One Tree Hill

References

External links

Official website

Chad Michael Murray interview

Category:1981 births Category:American film actors Category:American male models Category:American television actors Category:Living people Category:Actors from New York Category:People from Buffalo, New York

bg:Чад Майкъл Мъри ca:Chad Michael Murray cs:Chad Michael Murray da:Chad Michael Murray de:Chad Michael Murray et:Chad Michael Murray es:Chad Michael Murray fr:Chad Michael Murray gl:Chad Michael Murray ko:채드 마이클 머리 hr:Chad Michael Murray it:Chad Michael Murray he:צ'אד מייקל מוריי ka:ჩედ მაიკლ მიურეი hu:Chad Michael Murray mk:Чед Мајкл Мари nl:Chad Michael Murray ja:チャド・マイケル・マーレイ no:Chad Michael Murray nn:Chad Michael Murray pl:Chad Michael Murray pt:Chad Michael Murray ru:Мюррей, Чад Майкл sl:Chad Michael Murray sr:Чед Мајкл Мари fi:Chad Michael Murray sv:Chad Michael Murray te:చాడ్ మైఖేల్ ముర్రే th:แช็ด เมอร์เรย์ tr:Chad Michael Murray uk:Чад Майкл Мюррей zh:查德·麥可·莫瑞

name	Hilarie Burton
birth name	Hilarie Ross Burton
birth date	July 01, 1982
birth place	Sterling, Virginia, U.S.
occupation	Actress, producer
yearsactive	2000 - present
spouse	Ian Prange (m. 2004-2009)
domesticpartner	Jeffrey Dean Morgan (2009-present; 1 child) }}

Hilarie Ross Burton (born July 1st, 1982) is an American actress. A former host of MTV's Total Request Live, she portrayed Peyton Sawyer on The CW drama One Tree Hill for six seasons. Burton gained wider recognition with leading roles in the films Our Very Own, Solstice and The List, and currently stars as Sara Ellis on the USA drama White Collar.

Early life

Hilarie Burton was born on July 1, 1982 in Sterling, Virginia. She graduated from Park View High School in 2000, where she was student council treasurer her sophomore year, vice-president her junior year, and head cheerleader, student council president, and homecoming queen her senior year. Burton attended New York University and Fordham University.

Career

Burton's first big break came when working as a VJ for the Total Request Live on MTV. She was supposed to be a guest commentator for one segment but producers decided to offer her a permanent job. Burton had a small part on the TV series Dawson's Creek and this led to her role as Peyton Sawyer on the series One Tree Hill. She was nominated for a Teen Choice Award for "Choice TV Actress in a Drama/Action Adventure" for One Tree Hill in 2004. Burton was also nominated for the Teen Choice Award "Choice Breakout TV Star - Female" for One Tree Hill, in 2004. In 2005, she was nominated for a Teen Choice Award for "Choice TV Actress: Drama" for One Tree Hill. In May 2009, the CW announced Burton would not be returning to the show for the seventh season in her role as Peyton. Burton appeared once on the television series Hey Dude. She made her feature film debut in Our Very Own, a comedy set in 1970s Nashville, and was featured on the cover of the Jan/Feb 2004 issue of American Cheerleader magazine. Our Very Own, whose ensemble cast features Allison Janney, Jason Ritter, and Cheryl Hines, was screened at the prestigious Sarasota Film Festival where Burton was honoured with a special 'Outstanding Ensemble Acting' award. The film was also nominated for an Independent Spirit Award.

Burton appeared in Jack's Mannequin video, "The Mixed Tape" as Peyton Sawyer. Later, she recorded a song for The Road Mix: Music from the Television Series One Tree Hill, Volume 3 called Peyton's Podcast Mix.

In 2008, Burton starred in the independent movie The List as Jo Johnston. Burton played Deborah Owens, mother of Lily Owens, in the major motion picture The Secret Life of Bees, based on the 2002 novel. Production began on January 7, 2008, in Lumberton, North Carolina.

Burton's latest film project was The Sacrifice, and it is based on another book by Robert Whitlow (The List). She will be reunited with Malcolm McDowell and Gary Wheeler (director), who are also signed on for the project, which starts filming early next year. She is currently working on Provinces of Night, a film based on the novel by William Gay.

Burton joined the cast of White Collar as a full-time series regular in Season 3.

Personal life

Burton has three younger brothers and resides in Wilmington, North Carolina, where One Tree Hill is filmed. In 2004, Burton married One Tree Hill assistant director Ian Prange, son of executive producer Greg Prange. The two have since divorced. She has a cat named after writer Edgar Allan Poe, and is close friends with fellow One Tree Hill stars Bethany Joy Galeotti, Sophia Bush, James Lafferty and Chad Michael Murray. Burton's hobbies include collecting antiques, vintage clothes shopping, knitting and crocheting. In May 2007, Burton ranked #77 in the Maxim Hot 100 List of 2007. She has also appeared on the cover of the November 2006 edition of Maxim with One Tree Hill co-stars, Sophia Bush and Danneel Harris. In previous years, Burton has ranked #2 on Femme Fatales: The 50 Sexiest Women of 2005 and named #12 on Much Music's 20 Hottest Women of 2003.

In 2007, Burton created her own production company along with Nick Gray, Kelly Tenney, James Burton and Meg Mortimer. is called Southern Gothic Productions (SoGoPro); more information is available on her blog. Burton is also on the North Carolina Film Council.

Burton began dating fellow actor Jeffrey Dean Morgan in 2009. The couple welcomed a son named Gus in March 2010.

Discography

Soundtracks

The Road Mix: Music from the Television Series One Tree Hill, Volume 3

Filmography

Normal Adolescent BehaviorThe List (film)The True-Love Tale of Boyfriend & Girlfriend Bloodworth Dawson's Creek One Tree Hill (TV series)[[Little Britain USA White Collar (TV series)Birds of Prey (TV series)MTV's Iced Out New Year's EveUnscripted The Tony Danza Show

colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;"	Film
		! Film	! Role	! Notes
2005	Our Very Own
rowspan="2"	2007	|	Ryan
Solstice (film)	Solstice	Alicia
rowspan="2"	2008	The List ||	Jo Johnston
The Secret Life of Bees (film)	The Secret Life of Bees	Deborah Owens
2009	|	Boyfriend	A Southern Gothic Production
2010	|	Hazel
colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;">Television
		! Title	! Role	! Notes
2000–2001	Total Request Live	Herself
2002	|	VJ (media personality)>VJ)	List of Dawson's Creek episodes#Season 5: 2001–2002>100 Light Years from Home"
2003–2009	One Tree Hill ||	Peyton Sawyer	Nominated — Teen Choice Awards>Teen Choice Award for Choice Breakout TV Star Female (2004) Nominated — Teen Choice Awards
2008	|	Lesbian Student 1	Episode 1.06
2010–present	White Collar ||	List of White Collar characters#Sara Ellis>Sara Ellis	Recurring cast (Season 2; 6 episodes) Main cast (Season 3; 2011–present)
colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;">Guest appearances
		! Title	! Role	! Notes
2000	MTV Video Music Awards 2000	Herself
2002	Birds of Prey ||	Quiet Classmate	Episode 1.03: "Prey for the Hunter"
rowspan="4">2003	|	Herself	Host
MTV Does Miami	Herself
MTV Diary	Herself
Pepsi Smash	Herself
2005	|	Herself
2005/2006	|	Herself
colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;"	Music videos
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
2005	"The Mixed Tape"	Peyton Sawyer

Awards

Choice Breakout TV Star - Female Teen Choice AwardsSarasota Film Festival

Year
rowspan="2">2004	Teen Choice Awards	|	Nominated	rowspan="2"
Choice TV Actress: Drama/Action/Adventure		Nominated
2005	|	Choice TV Actress: Drama	Nominated	One Tree Hill (TV series)>One Tree Hill
2006	|	Outstanding Ensemble Acting	Won	Our Very Own

References

External links

Hilarie Burton cast bio on The WB

Hilarie Burton's page on CWTV.com

Hilarie Burton's SoGoPro Productions creating a stir - starnewsonline.com

SoGoPro

Category:1982 births Category:American female models Category:American film actors Category:American film producers Category:American infotainers Category:American soap opera actors Category:American television actors Category:American television producers Category:Living people Category:People from Loudoun County, Virginia Category:VJs (media personalities) Category:Fordham University alumni

bg:Хилари Бъртън da:Hilarie Burton de:Hilarie Burton es:Hilarie Burton fr:Hilarie Burton hr:Hilarie Burton it:Hilarie Burton ka:ჰილარი ბარტონი hu:Hilarie Burton nl:Hilarie Burton no:Hilarie Burton pl:Hilarie Burton pt:Hilarie Burton ru:Бёртон, Хилари sr:Хилари Бартон fi:Hilarie Burton sv:Hilarie Burton tr:Hilarie Burton uk:Хіларі Бертон