The Esalen Institute is a residential community and retreat in Big Sur, California, focusing on humanist alternative education. It is a nonprofit organization devoted to issues such as meditation, massage, Gestalt, yoga, psychology, ecology, and spirituality, offering more than 500 public workshops a year, in addition to conferences, residential work-study programs, research initiatives, and internships.

Esalen Institute was founded by Michael Murphy and Dick Price in 1962 with the goal of exploring work in the humanities and sciences that furthers the full realization of what Aldous Huxley called "human potential". It soon became known for its blend of East/West philosophies, experiential/didactic workshops, and had a notable influx of philosophers, physicists, psychologists, artists, and religious thinkers.

Once home to a Native American tribe known as the Esselen (from which the institute gets its name), Esalen is situated on 27 acres of the Big Sur region's coast with the Santa Lucia Mountains rising sharply above the Pacific Ocean. A key geological feature of the site are its cliff-side natural hot springs. The grounds are divided by the Hot Springs Canyon, which also serves as a freshwater source along with underground springs. The location is also a Monarch butterfly overwintering site. It is located about 45 miles (72 km) south of the Monterey and Carmel area along scenic State Route 1 (about a three-hour drive south of San Francisco) and nine miles (14 km) north of Lucia.

History

Pre-Esalen

Carbon dating of artifacts found on the grounds indicates human presence as early as 4000 BC. Given access to the ocean, fresh water, and the hot springs, the Esselen people used the grounds regularly, with certain areas reserved for burial grounds. The Esselen population was largely decimated by disease, especially in the Carmel Mission, where introduced diseases such as measles, smallpox, and syphilis wiped out 90 percent of the native population. Today, people in the area can still trace their ancestry to the Esselen.

In the 1870s, Thomas Slate visited the site to use the hot springs as he suffered from severe arthritis. He homesteaded the property in the early 1880s, and a settlement began: Slates Hot Springs. The site became the first tourist-oriented business in Big Sur as others sought relief from similar afflictions. In 1910, Slate sold the land to Dr. Henry Murphy, a Salinas, California, physician (who, notably, delivered John Steinbeck). Murphy bought the property with the intention of opening a European-style health spa once the yet-to-be-built State Route 1 was completed which, once started, was an 18-year project.

While the highway was being built, the site was used for engineers and others involved with the construction. (The highway was largely built with convict labor although they were housed elsewhere.) The highway was opened in 1937 and then closed to the public with the outbreak of World War II. After the highway reopened, the Murphy family had various property managers, a restaurant operated there, the hot springs were open to paid use, and some hotel units were built in the 1950s although it did not become what Dr. Murphy had originally intended.

The official business name was “Big Sur Hot Springs” though it was more generally referred to as "Slate's Hot Springs".

Origins

Murphy and Price were classmates at Stanford University in the late 1940s and early 1950s, although they did not meet until later at the suggestion of Frederic Spiegelberg, a Stanford professor of comparative religion and Indic studies, with whom they had both studied. In the time since leaving Stanford, Price had attended Harvard University to continue studying psychology, lived in San Francisco with Alan Watts and experienced a transformative psychotic break and institutionalization before returning to San Francisco. Murphy, meanwhile, had gone to Sri Aurobindo's ashram in India and was also back in San Francisco.

After meeting, Murphy and Price found much in common and, in 1961, went to the Big Sur property. The two began drawing up plans for a forum that would be open to ways of thinking beyond the constraints of mainstream academia, while avoiding the dogmatism so often seen in groups organized around a single idea promoted by a charismatic leader. They envisioned a laboratory for experimentation with a wide range of philosophies, religious disciplines and psychological techniques. Dr. Murphy’s widow, and Michael’s grandmother, Vinnie, had refused to lease the property previously, including an earlier request from Michael, although she agreed to do so this time and granted free use of the property. This, combined with capital that Price had (his father being an executive vice-president at Sears, Roebuck) and the networking support and aid of Spiegelberg, Watts, Huxley and his wife Laura, Gerald Heard and Gregory Bateson, the experiment soon got off the ground. Esalen was somewhat patterned after a monastery founded by Heard in Trabuco Canyon in Southern California called The College of All Religions, which was later donated to the Vedanta Society of Southern California.

Watts led the first seminar in 1962. Bob Beckenbridge, Bob Nash, Alice Sellers and Jim Sellers joined Price and Murphy as the first staff. In the summer of that same year Abraham Maslow happened to drive onto the grounds and was soon an important figure there. By Autumn a catalogue had been issued advertising workshops with such titles as 'Individual Cultural Definitions of Rationality', 'The Expanding Vision' and 'Drug-Induced Mysticism'. In 1964 Fritz Perls started a long-term residency at Esalen and became a major and lasting influence. Perls led numerous Gestalt Therapy seminars at Esalen, and he and Jim Simkin led Gestalt Therapy training courses there. Price became one of Perls's closest students during Perls's time at Esalen. Price continued practicing and teaching Gestalt at Esalen until his own death in a hiking accident in 1985. The method of Gestalt Practice that Dick Price developed remains one of the most important products of the Esalen experiment.

Esalen gained popularity quickly and was soon publishing a catalog of programs. The facility was large enough to run multiple programs simultaneously and Esalen started creating numerous resident teacher positions. All of this combined to make Esalen a nexus for the counterculture of the 1960s.

Rather than lecturing and listening to lectures, a number of leaders and participants began experimenting with what Huxley called the non-verbal humanities: the education of the body, the senses, the emotions. The intention of much of the new work was to suggest a new ethic: to develop awareness to one’s present flow of experience, to express this fully and accurately, and to listen to the feedback. The "experiential" workshops that grew out of these experiments were particularly well attended and did much to shape Esalen’s future course.

Early leaders included:

Richard Alpert

Ansel Adams

Gia-Fu Feng

Buckminster Fuller

Michael Harner

Timothy Leary

Robert Nadeau

Linus Pauling

J.B. Rhine

Carl Rogers

Virginia Satir

B.F Skinner

Paul Tillich

Arnold Toynbee

Esalen was incorporated as a non-profit institution in 1967. Increased attention came to the institute when ''The New York Times Magazine'' published an article "Joy is the Prize: A Trip to Esalen Institute" by Leo E. Litwak on December 31, 1967. The article was reprinted numerous times over the years in anthologies of outstanding magazine articles. More immediately, the article brought Esalen to the attention of scores of other media, not just in the U.S. but also overseas. Esalen responded by holding large-scale conferences in Midwest, East Coast cities and Europe and opening a satellite center in San Francisco. This offered extensive programs but was closed in the mid-1970s.

Many of the offerings seemed meant to challenge the ''status quo'' such as "The Value of Psychotic Experience" and even the movement of which Esalen was a part such as "Spiritual and Therapeutic Tyranny: The Willingness To Submit" and "Theological Reflection on The Human Potential". There was also a series of racial encounter groups.

Initiatives and projects

Esalen has sponsored significant research and education projects and conferences in Big Sur and elsewhere.

Criticism

Esalen Institute has been described as a product of the Human Potential Movement which, in contrast to orthodox psychoanalysis, believed the inner-self should be freely expressed in order to reach one's true potential and improve society as a whole. This concept has, however, received varied criticism over the years. Examples of this have included the possibility that the relevant techniques might encourage narcissistic or self-obsessive thoughts and behavior to the detriment rather than good of society. Some staff and participants see this as a valuable aspect of Esalen's culture, if it stimulates people in their own process. Documentary filmmaker Adam Curtis, in the BBC television series ''The Century of the Self'' (2002), offers that certain activities of Esalen have failed in their goals and have not necessarily met the ideals of the Institute, which should be critically viewed in their historical context. In 1990 a graffiti artist spray painted "Jive shit for rich white folk" on the entrance to Esalen.

Schizophrenia Research Project

The Schizophrenia Research Project was conducted over a three-year period with 127 young males with schizophrenia at Agnews State Hospital in San Jose, California. This program, co-sponsored with the California Department of Mental Hygiene and the National Institute of Mental Health, explored the thesis that the health of certain patients will permanently improve if their disease is not interrupted with antipsychotic chemotherapy. Julian Silverman was chief of research for the Project. He also served as Esalen's General Manager in the 1970s.

Publishing

Starting in the late 1960s, in association with Viking Press, published a series of seventeen books related to topics explored at Esalen. Some of these books remain in print and Esalen later had a joint publishing arrangement with Lindisfarne Press.

Community

Given Esalen’s isolated location, the operational staff has been residential from the beginning, and has done much to shape the character of the Institute. The community is steeped in a form of Gestalt that pervades all aspects of the community, including meeting structures, workplace practices, and individual language styles. Many staff members developed novel practices, and went on to become well known teachers. Esalen started year-long residential educational programs in 1966. This was subsequently replaced by month-long work-study programs and year-long work-oriented extended student programs. There is a preschool on site called the Gazebo, serving the children of staff, some program participants, and, until recently, local residents. It has been downsized due to lack of support from management.

Past teachers

Ansel Adams

Joan Baez

James Baraz

Ellen Bass

Robert Bly

Gregory Bateson

Ray Bradbury

Joseph Campbell

Fritjof Capra

Carlos Castaneda

Deepak Chopra

Phil Cousineau

Harvey Cox

David Darling

Erik Davis

Warren Farrell

Moshe Feldenkrais

Richard Feynman

Matthew Fox

Fred Frith

Buckminster Fuller

Spalding Gray

Stanislav Grof

Michael Harner

Andrew Harvey

John Heider

Paul Horn

Chungliang Al Huang

James Hillman

Albert Hofmann

Aldous Huxley

Sam Keen

Ken Kesey

Paul Krassner

R. D. Laing

George Leonard

Dennis Lewis

John C. Lilly

C. Allen Lockwood

Amory Lovins

Abraham Maslow

Peter Matthiessen

Rollo May

Terence McKenna

Robert Nadeau

Claudio Naranjo

Sara Nelson

Babatunde Olatunji

Dean Ornish

Humphry Osmond

Linus Pauling

Fritz Perls

J. B. Rhine

Carl Rogers

Ida Rolf

Gabrielle Roth

Jerry Rubin

Douglas Rushkoff

Virginia Satir

Will Schutz

Charlotte Selver

Daniel Sheehan

B.F. Skinner

Huston Smith

Gary Snyder

Susan Sontag

David Steindl-Rast

Paul Tillich

Arnold J. Toynbee

Alan Watts

Robert Anton Wilson

Andrew Weil

Marion Woodman

Scholars in residence

Esalen has sponsored long-term residencies including:

Gregory Bateson

Joseph Campbell

Stanislav Grof

Sam Keen

George Leonard

John C. Lilly

Babatunde Olatunji

Fritz Perls

Ida Pauline Rolf

Virginia Satir

William Schutz

David Steindl-Rast

Alan Watts

Edgar Warner Karmu

The program has since been abandoned, with the housing built for long-term residencies converted into deluxe accommodations for paid visitors.

Arts events

In 1965 Joan Baez led a workshop titled “The New Folk Music” which featured a free open performance. This grew into the first of seven “Big Sur Folk Festivals” featuring many of the music luminaries of the era. The 1969 concert included performers who had just come from the Woodstock Music & Arts Fair, and it is featured in the documentary film ''Celebration at Big Sur'' (1971).

Those that have performed at Esalen include:

Joan Baez

Ysaye Maria Barnwell

Blood, Sweat & Tears

Jackson Browne

The Chambers Brothers

Judy Collins

James Cotton

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Bob Dylan

Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young

David Darling

John Densmore

Donovan

Fred Frith

Jimmie Dale Gilmore

Roy Hargrove

George Harrison

Paul Horn

Charlie Hunter

Henry Kaiser

Ali Akbar Khan

Bruce Langhorne

Kenny Loggins

Taj Mahal

The Mermen

Jim Messina

Joni Mitchell

Airto Moreira

Olatunji

Michel Petrucciani

Flora Purim

Bonnie Raitt

John Sebastian

Ravi Shankar

Simon and Garfunkel

Bruce Springsteen

Ringo Starr

Three Fish

John Trudell

Paul Winter

John Cage and Robert Rauschenberg performed together at Esalen.

Robert Bly, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Allen Ginsberg, Michael McClure, Kenneth Rexroth (Rexroth having led one of the very first workshops), Gary Snyder and others have held poetry readings and/or workshops.

In 1994, President and CEO Sharon Thom created an Artist-in-Residence program to provide artists with a two-week retreat in which to focus on works in progress, interacting with the staff, offering informal gatherings and performances on the newly created dance platform surrounded by a Dionysian amphitheatre. Located next to the Art Barn, the dance platform has also been used by Esalen teachers in dance and the martial arts, as well as serving as the base of the 36-foot Chartres/Grace Cathedral labyrinth, provided by Lauren Artress, Ph.D.

In 1995 and 1996, Esalen hosted two Art Festivals, which not only gathered together artists, poets, musicians, photographers, and performance artists, as well as New York artist Margot McLean, philosopher James Hillman, Michael Hedges and Baez, but also allowed all staff members to attend every class and performance that did not interfere with their schedule. This inclusive spirit was extended to most Invited Conferences for the first time in Esalen's history.

Current status

Esalen has recently focused upon issues of ecological sustainability and sought to strengthen ties with surrounding communities and institutions, including the University of California at Santa Cruz, with which it has partnered to develop programs allowing students to test concepts of sustainable agriculture on the institute's agricultural lands. Staff members serve in the volunteer Big Sur Fire Department as well as search and rescue teams. They also volunteer at local public schools and fight forest fires in order to preserve the heritage of the Big Sur landscape.

Esalen continues to offer workshops to its visitors throughout the year, most of them focused on the integration of humanistic psychology, bodily wellness, and community-building. Workshops cover many subjects including: arts, Gestalt, ecopsychology, health, integral thought, martial arts, massage, dance, mythology, philosophical inquiry, somatics, spiritual and religious studies, wilderness, yoga, mindfulness, permaculture and sustainability.

In popular culture

In the 1969 comedy-drama film, ''Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice'', Los Angeles sophisticates Bob and Carol Sanders (played by Robert Culp and Natalie Wood) spend a weekend of emotional honesty at an Esalen-style retreat, after which they return to their life determined to embrace free love and complete openness.

See also

New Age movement

Dick Price

References

;Notes

;Further reading

External links

Esalen.org

Esalen Center for Theory and Research

Esalen Alumni Group

In Murphy's Kingdom by Jackie Krentzman

Excerpts from an interview with Dick Price

Michael Murphy biography

Monterey County Weekly Esalen feature

"Totally on Fire: The Experience of Founding Esalen" excerpted from ''Esalen: America and the Religion of No Religion'' by Jeffrey J. Kripal

Photo Gallery - Esalen Institute, California

Category:1962 establishments Category:Gestalt therapy Category:Hot springs of California Category:Human Potential Movement Category:Buildings and structures in Monterey County, California Category:Personal development Category:Visitor attractions in Monterey County, California

de:Esalen-Institut es:Instituto Esalen fr:Institut Esalen nl:Esalen no:Esalen Institute pt:Esalen Institute sv:Esalen Institute

name	Michael Hedges
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Michael Alden Hedges
born	December 31, 1953Sacramento, California, U.S.
died	December 02, 1997Mendocino County, California
instrument	Guitar, harp guitar, flute, harmonica, tin whistle, percussion, piano
genre	World music, Fingerstyle, New Age
occupation	Musician, composer, Singer-songwriter
years active	1974–1997
label	Windham Hill
associated acts	Michael Manring
website	Nomad Land
notable instruments	Martin D-281920s Dyer symphony harp guitar }}

Michael Alden Hedges (December 31, 1953 – December 2, 1997) was an American composer, Acoustic guitarist and singer-songwriter.

Background

Hedges attended Phillips University in Enid, Oklahoma, studying classical guitar. It was here that he studied under his compositional mentor, E. J. Ulrich. Subsequently, from 1979 til 1982, Hedges was a composition major at Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, Maryland who applied his classically-trained musical background in combination with various unusual techniques to the steel-string acoustic guitar. He covered a wide range of musical styles and was considered an extremely dynamic performer in concert. Michael made ends meet playing and singing in pubs and restaurants in the Baltimore Metro area during his tenure at Peabody. He was discovered in February 1981 by William Ackerman who heard him performing at The Varsity Theater in Palo Alto and immediately signed him to a recording contract on the Windham Hill label. At this time Michael was still planted in Baltimore, but plans to permanently move to California were in the making.

Recordings

Hedges' first two recordings for Windham Hill—''Breakfast in the Field'' and ''Aerial Boundaries''—were milestones for the acoustic guitar. He wrote nearly exclusively in alternate tunings. Some of the techniques he used include slap harmonics (created by slapping the strings over a harmonic node), use of right hand hammer-ons (particularly on bass notes), use of the left hand for melodic or rhythmic hammer-ons and pull offs, percussive slapping on the guitar body, as well as unusual strummings. He also made extensive use of string damping as employed in classical guitar, and was known to insist strongly on the precise duration of sounds and silences in his pieces. He also played guitar-variants like the harp guitar (an instrument with additional bass strings), and the TransTrem Guitar. He was a multi-instrumentalist, playing piano, percussion, tin whistle, harmonica, and flute, among others on his albums. Bassist Michael Manring contributed to nearly all of Hedges' records.

Frustrated that his published work reflected only one narrow niche of his creative output, Hedges convinced Windham Hill to release ''Watching My Life Go By'', a 1985 studio recording of Hedges' original songs produced by Elliot Mazer. With his fourth album, ''Live on the Double Planet'', assembled from 1986–1987 recordings of 40 of his concerts—which had always been approximately 50% vocals—Hedges sought to further integrate the two facets of his then-published work. Although no commercial recordings have yet been released, Hedges toured briefly as a co-bill with Leo Kottke. These shows included solo performances by Kottke and Hedges and, as a finale, a number of duets including performances of Kottke's "Doodles" with Hedges playing a high-strung parlor guitar.

Hedges had a very broad range of influences and his output spans many genres. His musical education was largely in modern 20th century composition. He listened to Martin Carthy, John Martyn, and the Beatles, but his approach to composition owed much to Igor Stravinsky, Edgard Varèse, Anton Webern, and Steve Reich, in addition to experimental composers such as Morton Feldman. He saw himself as a composer who played guitar, rather than a guitarist who composed music. He was often categorized as a New Age musician due to his association with the Windham Hill record label. Somewhat in reaction to this, he would describe his music as ''"Heavy Mental"'', ''"New Edge"'', "''"Acoustic Thrash"'', "''Deep Tissue Gladiator Guitar''" or ''"Savage Myth Guitar,"'' amongst other terms.

Guitars

Hedges regularly used the following instruments:

1971 Martin D-28 guitar (nicknamed "Barbara") with a combination of a Sunrise S-1 magnetic pickup and FRAP contact pickup under the treble strings

custom 1980s Takamine guitars with his name on the headstock

Lowden L-250 guitars

Martin J-65M guitars

1920s Dyer harp guitar configured with a FRAP/autoharp pickup combo / reconfigured with Sunrise S-1 and two Barcus Berry magnetic pickups for the sub-basses (glued straight to the body)

Steve Klein electric harp guitar with a TransTrem bridge

circa 1913 black Knutsen harp guitar (often incorrectly referred to as a Dyer) with a FRAP/autoharp pickup combo—and rattlesnake tail wedged under the sub-basses at headstock

Hedges was left-handed but played right-handed guitars. Hedges would experiment with different pick-ups, effects, and amp combinations to achieve a different and unique sound for every song. Hedges was also able to precisely equalize his instruments for the concert hall in which he was performing. He used state-of-the-art equipment such as Sunrise soundhole pickups, F.R.A.P. and later, Trance Audio soundboard transducers.

Death

In late 1997, Hedges died at the age of 43 in a car accident along State Route 128 in Mendocino County, near Boonville (about northwest of San Francisco). According to his manager and longtime friend Hilleary Burgess, he was driving home from San Francisco International Airport after a Thanksgiving visit to his girlfriend in Long Island, New York. His car apparently skidded off a rain-slicked S-curve and down a cliff. Hedges was thrown from his car and appeared to have died nearly instantly. His body was found a few days afterward. After his death, his record ''Oracle'' won the 1998 Grammy Award for Best New Age Album.

Hedges' unfinished last recordings were brought to completion in the album ''Torched'', with the help of his former manager Hilleary Burgess and friends David Crosby and Graham Nash. Musician Keller Williams recorded a song in tribute to Hedges entitled "Not Of This Earth" and is featured on the CD "Breathe."

A fundraiser to help his children can be found at Nomad Land.

Recognition

"I feel I can always hear his heart when he plays. He respected my playing too, and that simply thrills me." – Pete Townshend "Michael was unique. His music transcends genre and trend. It's truly musical, fun and enlightening.” – Steve Vai "His playing has a feel and timbre all its own – technically brilliant, but always organic and true." – Joe Satriani "One of the most brilliant musicians in America." – David Crosby "I considered him to be a genius and when he died I lost a great friend." – Graham Nash "There was simply no one like him." – Bonnie Raitt "He was a real musician who remained humble even through stardom. A rare breed indeed." – Alvin Lee

Discography

''Breakfast in the Field'' (1981)

''Aerial Boundaries'' (1984)

''Watching My Life Go By'' (1985)

''Live on the Double Planet'' (1987)

''Up Close Volume 6 Michael Hedges Windham Hill Sampler'' (1990)

''Taproot'' (1990, 2011 Valley Entertainment reissue)

''Strings of Steel'', a compilation (1993)

''The Road to Return'' (1994)

''Oracle'' (1996, 2009 Valley Entertainment reissue)

''Torched'' (1999 – posthumous)

''Best of Michael Hedges'' (2000 – posthumous)

''Beyond Boundaries: Guitar Solos'' (2001 – posthumous)

''Platinum & Gold Collection: Michael Hedges'' (2003 – posthumous)

''Pure'' (2006 – posthumous)

References

External links

Nomad Land: The official Michael Hedges site

Michael Hedges Interview by Anil Prasad

Michael Hedges guitar tunings

Peabody Reports Michael's Death

Guitar International article by Brad Conroy; Guitar Hero Series: Michael Hedges

Video Recordings of Guitar Performances

Michael Hedges performs one of his signature compostions, "Aerial Boundaries"

Michael Hedges performs one of his signature compostions, "The Rootwitch"

Michael Hedges performs one of his signature compostions, "Rickover's Dream"

Michael Hedges performs one of his signature compostions, "Breakfast in the Field"

Michael Hedges performs one of his signature compostions, "Silent Anticipations"

Michael Hedges performs a composition for Harp Guitar, "Double Planet"

Michael Hedges performs a composition, "Eleven Small Roaches"

Michael Hedges performs a composition, "Baby Toes"

Category:1953 births Category:1997 deaths Category:People from Enid, Oklahoma Category:Musicians from Oklahoma Category:American acoustic guitarists Category:Fingerstyle guitarists Category:Road accident deaths in California Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Windham Hill Records artists Category:Peabody Institute alumni Category:Phillips University alumni

de:Michael Hedges es:Michael Hedges fr:Michael Hedges he:מייקל הדג'ס it:Michael Hedges nl:Michael Hedges ja:マイケル・ヘッジス ru:Хеджес, Майкл

name	Bessel van der Kolk
birth date
death date
workplaces	Trauma Center at Justice Resource Institute
known for	Posttraumatic stress disorder research
signature
spouse	}}

Bessel van der Kolk has conducted research in the area of post-traumatic stress since the 1970s. His work focuses on the interaction of attachment, neurobiology, and developmental aspects of trauma’s effects on people. He has written the definitive work in the field of psychological trauma, demonstrating the diverse impact of trauma on a person. His other major publication, ''Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society'', talks about how the role of trauma in psychiatric illness has changed over the past 20 years.

van der Kolk has published extensively on the effect trauma can have on development. He has found connections to dissociative problems, borderline personality disorder, self-mutilation, and a wide range of other issues.

He was a co-principal investigator in the PTSD field trials for the fourth edition of the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (''DSM-IV'').

He has served as president of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, medical director of the Trauma Center at JRI in Brookline, Massachusetts, and professor of psychiatry at Boston University School of Medicine.

Currently, he is researching how trauma can affect memory. He is also working on brain imaging studies with PTSD patients. He is also researching how yoga and neurofeedback can be used as alternative treatments for trauma.

Books

''Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society''

''Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide''

''Overcoming Trauma Through Yoga: Reclaiming Your Body''

''Trauma and the Body: A Sensorimotor Approach to Psychotherapy''

''Psychological Trauma''

References

External links

The Trauma Center at Justice Resource Institute

Category:Cognitive therapy Category:Cognitive behavioral therapy Category:Clinical psychology Category:Psychiatric treatments Category:Psychotherapists