The sunnah of Muhammad includes his specific words, habits, practices, and silent approvals: it is significant because it addresses ways of life dealing with friends, family and government. Recording ''sunnah'' was an Arabian tradition and, once people converted to Islam, they brought this custom to their religion. The ''sunnah'' is consulted after referring to the Qur'an, if the issue is not addressed there. The term "''Sunni''" denotes those who claim to practise these usages. In Shi'a Islam the term includes the deeds and sayings of the twelve Imams who Shi'a Muslims believe were chosen to lead the Muslim community (''Ummah'').
Early Sunni scholars often considered ''sunnah'' equivalent to the biography of Mohammed (''sira'') as the ''hadith'' was then poorly validated while contemporary accounts of Muhammad's life were better known. As the ''hadith'' came to be better documented and the scholars who validated them gained prestige, the ''sunnah'' came often to be known mostly through the ''hadith'', especially as variant or fictional biographies of Muhammad spread.
How far ''hadith'' contributes to ''sunnah'' is disputed and highly dependent on context. Classical Islam often equates the ''sunnah'' with the ''hadith''. Scholars who studied the narrations according to their context (''matn'') as well as their transmission (''isnad'') in order to discriminate between them were influential in the development of early Muslim philosophy. In the context of Islamic Law Imam Malik and the Hanafi scholars are assumed to have differentiated between the two: for example Imam Malik is said to have rejected some traditions that reached him because, according to him, they were against the "established practice of the people of Medina".
Shi'a Muslims do not use the six major ''hadith'' collections followed by the Sunni. Instead, their primary collections were written by three authors known as the 'Three Muhammads'. They are: ''Kitab al-Kafi'' by Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni al-Razi (329 AH), ''Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih'' by Muhammad ibn Babuya and ''Al-Tahdhib'' and ''Al-Istibsar'' both by Shaykh Muhammad Tusi. Unlike Akhbari Twelver Shi'a, Usuli Twelver Shi'a scholars do not believe that everything in the four major books is authentic. In Shia ''hadith'' one often finds sermons attributed to Ali in The Four Books or in the Nahj al-Balagha.
Traditional Muslims believe that the ''sunnah'' is justified by verses such as "So they routed them, by God's leave, and David slew Goliath and God gave him the kingdom and wisdom, and taught him of that which He willeth. And if God had not repelled some men by others the earth would have been corrupted. But God is a Lord of Kindness to (His) creatures." (2:151) The verse "Verily in the messenger of God you have a good example for him who looks unto God and the Last Day and remembers God much." (33:21), further emphasizes that Muhammad's mission is to teach and exemplify The Qur'an, not just to relate its verses and leave. Muhammad was not to be worshipped or deified but his role was to deliver The Qur'an with comprehensive explanations of how to live according to the Qur'anic guidelines preserved in Sunnah. The teachings of "wisdom" have been declared to be a function of Muhammad along with the teachings of the scripture.
For a better understanding of "wisdom" (''hikmah''), one can refer to The Quran itself. For example, verse 4:113 states; "God reveals the Book (i.e. the books of revealed religion, especially The Qur'an) to you, and wisdom, and teaches you that which you did not know. The grace of God towards you has been very great." Verse 2:231 states; "And remember God's grace upon you, and that which He has revealed unto you of Scripture and wisdom whereby He exhorts you." Verse 33:34 states, "And bear in mind which is recited in your houses of the revelations of God and of wisdom."
Some have said that "wisdom" here is simply another name for ''sunnah''. Therefore, along with divine revelation the ''sunnah'' was directly taught by God. Modern Sunni scholars are beginning to examine both the ''sira'' and the ''hadith'' in order to justify modifications to jurisprudence (''fiqh''). The ''sunna'', in one form or another, would retain its central role in providing a moral example and ethical guidance.
Category:Islamic terms Category:Islam Category:Islam-related articles by importance
ar:سنة (إسلام) an:Zunna ast:Sunna bs:Sunnet bg:Сунна ca:Sunna cs:Sunna da:Sunna de:Sunna dv:ސުއްނަތް et:Sunna eo:Sunao fr:Sunna ko:순나 id:Sunnah it:Sunna he:סונה ka:სუნა kk:Аһл ас-сунна lbe:Сунна lv:Sunna lt:Suna ms:Sunnah nl:Soenna ja:スンナ no:Sunna nn:Sunna pl:Sunna pt:Suna ru:Сунна simple:Sunnah so:Sunna sr:Суна fi:Sunna sv:Sunna (islam) tt:Сөннәт th:สุนัต tr:Sünnet (din) uk:Сунна ur:سنت zh:聖行This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
He converted to Islam in 1986, and applied to attend the University of Madinah as was the practice of many new reverts to Islam at that time. He completed his BSc in Usool-Ul-Deen, and learned the Arabic language.
After his graduation from the University, Abu Usamah went to teach in the UK before returning to the US in 1996 in order to pursue his first position of Imam in Orlando, Florida. He was an imam at mosques in Philadelphia, Cleveland, and Peoria.
Category:1964 births Category:Living people Category:American imams Category:People from Passaic, New Jersey Category:Islamic University of Madinah alumni Category:American emigrants to the United Kingdom
ar:أبو أسامة الذهبي ms:Abu Usamah fi:Abu UsamahThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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