A guide is a person who leads anyone through unknown or unmapped country. This includes a guide of the real world (such as someone who conducts travellers and tourists through a place of interest), as well as a person who leads someone to more abstract places (such as to knowledge or wisdom).

Guide - meanings related to travel and recreational pursuits

There are many variants of guides in this context, and guides are often employed in any aspect of travel or adventure, or wherever there is an advantage to the client in terms of knowledge provided in improving the overall travel experience or making the client feel more safe due to the presumed expertise of the guide. These days guides will normally possess an area and field-specific qualification usually issued and/or recognised by the appropriate Guide's Association or licensing authority. However this is not always the case, and it is advisable for travellers paying a premium to go on an organised tour or journey because they think this will mean they will have a better experience to check the guide's qualifications beforehand.Explorers in the past venturing into territory unknown by their own people invariably hired guides. American West explorers Lewis and Clark hired a Shoshone Indian woman Sacagawea, and Wilfred Thesiger hired guides in the deserts that he ventured into, such as Kuri on his journey to the Tibesti Mountains in 1938. Aside from knowing the way or the area geographically, modern guides are usually hired to act as interpreters for those travellers who do not speak the local language and provide cultural, historical or other information on the area visited. Travel companies organising tours of large groups often have a guide or tour leader accompany the group. They might also be trained in First Aid and have other skills that reduce the risk for the tour operator to conduct these tours or the travel agency selling them. Here are some examples of guide professions:

Tourist guide

Tourist Guides are representatives of the cities, regions and countries for which they are qualified. It depends largely on them if visitors feel welcome, want to stay longer or decide to come back. They therefore contribute considerably to the perception of the destination. Tourist Guides are able to help travellers understand the culture of the region visited and the way of life of its inhabitants. They have a particular role on the one hand to promote the cultural and natural heritage whilst on the other hand to help ensure its sustainability by making visitors aware of its importance and vulnerability. [EN 13809:2003]

Mountain guide

Mountain guides are those employed in mountaineering; these are not merely to show the way but stand in the position of professional climbers with an expert knowledge of rock and snowcraft, which they impart to the amateur, at the same time assuring the safety of the climbing party. This professional class of guides arose in the middle of the 19th century when Alpine climbing became recognized as a sport.

In Switzerland, the central committee of the Swiss Alpine Club issues a guides’ tariff which fixes the charges for guides and porters; there are three sections, for the Valais and Vaudois Alps, for the Bernese Oberland, and for central and eastern Switzerland.

In Chamonix (France) a statue has been raised to Jacques Balmat, who was the first to climb Mont Blanc in 1786. Other notable European guides are Auguste Balmat, Michel Cros, Maquignay, J. A. Carrel, who accompanied Edward Whymper to the Andes, the brothers Lauener, Christian Almer and Jakob and Melchior Anderegg.

Hunting guide

Guides employed by those seeking to hunt wildlife, especially big game animals in the wild. Hunting guides have been important in many areas of the world, including the American west, the Adirondacks, and Africa, etc. Hunting guides in Africa of European descent are commonly referred to as White hunter, although this is becoming a less fashionable term these days, as in most African countries today there are also native African "hunters" or hunting guides.

Safari guide

Guides employed on safari, usually for "photographic safaris", although the term can also refer to a "hunting guide" or Professional Hunter. Safari guides who are self-employed, working on their own account with their own marketing and clientele (in contrast with those who work for an employer) sometimes refer to themselves as "professional safari guides".

Guide - metaphysical meanings

Trip sitter

A psychedelic guide is someone who guides a drug user's experiences as opposed to a sitter who merely remains present, ready to discourage bad trips and handle emergencies but not otherwise getting involved. Guides are more common amongst spiritual users of entheogens. Psychedelic guides were strongly encouraged by Timothy Leary and the other authors of ''The Psychedelic Experience: A Guide Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead''. Trip sitters are also mentioned in the Responsible Drug User's Oath.

Guided meditation

Military guides and development of Guides Regiments

In European wars up to the time of the French Revolution, the absence of large-scale detailed maps made local guides almost essential to the direction of military operations. In the 18th century the stricter organization of military resources led in various countries to the special training of guide officers who had the primary duty of finding, and if necessary establishing, routes across country. In the history of the American west, Native Americans and mountain men were important in leading military units and settlers alike.

The genesis of the "Guides" regiments may be found in a short-lived Corps of Guides formed by Napoleon in Italy in 1796, which appears to have been a personal escort or body guard composed of men who knew the country. Following the unification of Italy in 1870-71, the new national army included a regiment designated as Guides - the 19th Cavalleggieri (Light Horse).

In the Belgian Army the two Guides regiments, created respectively in 1833 and 1874, constituted part of the light cavalry and came to correspond to the Guard cavalry of other nations. Until the outbreak of World War I, they wore a distinctive uniform comprising a plumed busby, green dolman braided in yellow, and crimson breeches. Mechanised in October 1937, both regiments form armoured battalions in the modern Belgian Army.

In the Swiss army prior to 1914 the squadrons of "Guides" acted as divisional cavalry. In this role these light cavalry units were called upon, on occasion, to lead columns.

The "Queen’s own Corps of Guides" of the British Indian Army consisted of a unique combination of infantry companies and cavalry squadrons. After World War I the infantry element was incorporated in the 12th Frontier Force Regiment and the Guides Cavalry formed a separate regiment - the 10th Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force).

In drill, a "guide" is an officer or non-commissioned officer who regulates the direction and pace of movements.

References

''Original text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica''.

Category:Personal care and service occupations

da:Guide lt:Gidas sv:Guide

name	Lauren Conrad
birth name	Lauren Katharine Conrad
birth date	February 01, 1986
birth place	Laguna Beach, California, U.S.
other names	L.C.
occupation	Television personality, fashion designer, author
years active	2004–present
siblings	Breanna Conrad, Brandon Conrad
website	}}

Lauren Katherine Conrad (born February 1, 1986) is an American television personality, celebutante, fashion designer, and author. She came to prominence with her starring roles on the MTV reality series ''Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County'' and its spin-off series, ''The Hills'', which at one point followed her personal and professional life as she pursued a career in the fashion industry.

Conrad has written three books in her ''L.A. Candy'' trilogy with a spin-off trilogy in the works, and has two fashion lines; LC by Lauren Conrad and Paper Crown. She, her hairstylist, and her makeup artist run a beauty website, The Beauty Department.

Early life

Conrad was born in Laguna Beach, California to parents Jim and Kathy. She is the oldest of three children. Her younger siblings are Breanna and Brandon. In 2004, Conrad appeared on ''MTV Cribs'', giving a tour of her Laguna Beach home.

Career

2004–2009: ''Laguna Beach'' and ''The Hills''

During Conrad's senior year of high school, she appeared in the MTV reality series ''Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County'' in which she agreed to have her life taped. Upon graduation in 2004, she attended the Academy of Art University in San Francisco for one semester along with her friend, Heidi Montag. During the second season of ''Laguna Beach'', she returned home and began taking classes at a local community college before subsequently transferring to the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising. thumb|125px|left|Conrad at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards. After the success of ''Laguna Beach'', MTV developed ''The Hills'', a spin-off series. The series originally documented the personal and professional lives of Lauren and her friends (Heidi Montag, Audrina Patridge, and Whitney Port) while living in Los Angeles, California. The first season premiered on MTV on May 31, 2006. At the time, Conrad was an intern at ''Teen Vogue'' while living with then-housemate Heidi Montag.

The series was later renewed for a second season, which was filmed from late summer 2006 through February 2007 and premiered on January 15, 2007. During that time, Conrad and Montag's friendship deteriorated, as Heidi was increasingly spending her time with her new boyfriend, Spencer Pratt. By February 2007, Audrina Patridge became Conrad's roommate after Montag moved into a separate apartment with Pratt. Filming for the third season of ''The Hills'' began in mid-summer 2007 and lasted through March 2008. The premiere episode of season 3 aired on August 13, 2007. During that time, Conrad was able to revive her position at ''Teen Vogue'' and was offered a trip to Paris alongside Whitney Port. By March 2008, Port had already left ''Teen Vogue'' for fashion PR firm People's Revolution, and after asking Conrad to assist at an event, Kelly Cutrone invited her to work for her company.

Filming for the fourth season of ''The Hills'' began in mid-summer 2008 and lasted through November 2008. The premiere episode of Season 4 aired on August 18, 2008. Filming for Season 5 began in January 2009, and the premiere episode aired April 6, 2009. Conrad confirmed that the fifth season would be her last. She made her final appearance in the series on May 31, 2009. The program continued without her, with former ''Laguna Beach'' castmate Kristin Cavallari being hired as Conrad's replacement. In March 2010, it was announced that the sixth season of ''The Hills'' would be the last. There was much speculation that Conrad would make a guest appearance for the series finale. The series ended on July 13, 2010, after airing six seasons and 102 episodes. She did not appear in the finale, but later said that she filmed an alternate ending of the series with Brody Jenner.

2007–2009: Fashion and retail endeavors

Conrad landed an internship at ''Teen Vogue'' while filming season one of ''The Hills''. Conrad and her reality show appearances have been credited with improving sales of ''Teen Vogue''. It was reported in March 2007 that since the second season of ''The Hills'' began airing in mid-January, newsstand sales for the magazine increased by double digits over 2006 sales. According to Lisa Love, the West Coast editor of ''Vogue'' who evaluated Conrad for the internship position, Conrad had to interview successfully in order to get the job, "regardless of what the cameras wanted". In January 2007, Conrad was named the first official spokesperson of "mark.", a line created by Avon and marketed toward young women. She was featured in the brand’s magalog and in the "mark." online community. Conrad was replaced by Ashley Greene in June 2010.

In 2007, Conrad appeared as a satirical version of herself in the comedy ''Epic Movie''. In 2008, Conrad made a cameo appearance in an episode of ''Greek''. In May 2009, Conrad appeared as a cartoon and ironic version of herself in an episode of ''Family Guy''. Conrad had previously done voice work for the show in the episode Prick Up Your Ears in a spoof of ''Laguna Beach''. Conrad's first fashion line, The Lauren Conrad Collection, debuted at the Mercedes-Benz LA Fashion Week at Smashbox Studios in March 2008. In March 2009, Conrad announced that she would be taking a break from the fashion line. As a result, 2009's spring and summer lines were canceled. She earns an estimated $1.5 million annually for her television appearances, fashion line, and product endorsements. In fall 2009, Conrad launched LC by Lauren Conrad in Kohl's stores nationwide. Conrad appeared as a guest judge during Cycle 13 of ''America's Next Top Model''. In August 2009, Conrad appeared on an episode of the tenth anniversary edition of ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire'', playing for her charity: m.powerment by mark. She was asked one question for $50,000 and answered correctly after using her "Ask the Audience" lifeline. In 2010, she guest starred on ''Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List''.

2009–present: Books and current endeavors

Conrad released her first novel, ''L.A. Candy'', on June 16, 2009. Inspired by her personal life, the book focuses on a young woman who moves to Los Angeles and becomes the star of a reality show. It was a ''New York Times'' bestseller. The second novel, ''Sweet Little Lies'', was released on February 16, 2010. The final novel, ''Sugar and Spice'', was released on October 5, 2010, along with another book, ''Style'', which is about her experiences in and her knowledge of the fashion industry as well as being a style guide. In 2011, Conrad made another three-book deal with publisher HarperCollins. The books, titled ''The Fame Game'', will be a spin-off series of the ''L.A. Candy'' trilogy and will follow character Madison Parker.

Conrad launched a production company, Blue Eyed Productions, in early 2009. It has purchased the rights to turn ''L.A. Candy'' into a movie, in which Conrad would serve as an executive producer. The movie would be based on all three books.

On September 24, 2010, Conrad announced during an ''On Air with Ryan Seacrest'' interview that she would star in an upcoming MTV reality series. The show would focus on her fashion career rather than focusing on her personal life, which she says "will be something very different" from ''The Hills''. The series began filming in mid-October 2010.

However, after MTV had viewed the pilot, the network decided to not pick up the series. MTV's head of programming, David Janollari, said, "She did do a pilot. There were talks about whether we could somehow manage to put together a special based on that footage but that's also a big question mark based on her interest in that and the finances. We decided not to go ahead with the show," later adding, "We love her! We would love her on our network! It was a great attempt but it just didn't feel like a perfect fit for us now." Conrad released a statement of her own, reading, "We sold a show to MTV, filmed it and are really proud of the final result. MTV felt the subject matter was too high brow for their audience and offered me the opportunity to change the show by incorporating more of my personal life. We agreed going into the project that this show would be an aspirational one, focusing on my career and my goals and not my personal relationships. We delivered the show that we sold and are sorry MTV didn't feel their viewers were savvy enough to appreciate it."

Conrad is working on launching a new fashion line, Paper Crown, and is scheduled to be in stores by fall 2011. The line is her third collection after The Lauren Conrad Collection and LC by Lauren Conrad. Her now defunct reality show would have focused on the creation and launch of the line.

In April 2011, Conrad, along with her hairstylist Kristin Ess and her makeup artist Amy Nadine, launched a beauty website called The Beauty Department. The site offers beauty advice and tips as well as how-tos and tutorials.

Filmography

Television

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
2004-2005	''Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County''		Narrator (season 1) and main cast member (seasons 1-2)
2006-2009	''The Hills''	Narrator and main cast member (seasons 1-5)
		Cameo appearance
	Cameo appearance
		Guest appearance
	Guest appearance
	Celebrity Guest Contestant
''America's Next Top Model''	Guest Judge
''Family Guy''	Cartoon appearance, We Love You, Conrad episode
2010	''Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List''	Guest appearance

Film

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
2007	''Epic Movie''		Cameo appearance
2011	''BFF & Baby''	Guest appearance

Published works

''L.A. Candy'' (2009)

''Sweet Little Lies'' (2010)

''Sugar and Spice'' (2010)

''Lauren Conrad Style'' (2010)

Awards

Year	Award	Result	Category	Series
		rowspan="4"

References

External links

Official website

The Beauty Department

Category:1986 births Category:Actors from California Category:American fashion designers Category:American television personalities Category:American voice actors Category:MTV television characters Category:Living people Category:Participants in American reality television series Category:People from Laguna Beach, California Category:People from Los Angeles, California

ar:لورين كونراد da:Lauren Conrad de:Lauren Conrad es:Lauren Conrad fr:Lauren Conrad ko:로렌 콘라드 id:Lauren Conrad it:Lauren Conrad hu:Lauren Conrad nl:Lauren Conrad ja:ローレン・コンラッド no:Lauren Conrad pl:Lauren Conrad pt:Lauren Conrad ru:Конрад, Лорен simple:Lauren Conrad fi:Lauren Conrad sv:Lauren Conrad

name	Tim Gunn
birth date	July 29, 1953
birth place	Washington, D.C., United States
Birth name	Timothy M. Gunn
Residence	New York City, New York, United States
Education	BFA, Sculpture
Alma mater	Corcoran College of Art and Design
known for	Fashion
occupation	Fashion consultant, television personality, chief creative officer at Liz Claiborne, Inc.
nationality	American}}

Timothy M. "Tim" Gunn (born July 29, 1953) is an American fashion consultant and television personality. He was on the faculty of Parsons The New School for Design from 1982 to 2007 and was chair of fashion design at the school from August 2000 to March 2007, after which he joined Liz Claiborne as its chief creative officer. He is well-known as on-air mentor to designers on the reality television program ''Project Runway''. Gunn's popularity on ''Project Runway'' led to his spin-off show, Bravo's ''Tim Gunn's Guide to Style'', as well as his book ''A Guide to Quality, Taste and Style''.

Early life

Gunn was born in Chicago and raised in Washington, D.C. His father, George William Gunn, was an FBI agent during the administration of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Gunn was a champion swimmer throughout high school, and later attended the Corcoran College of Art and Design, receiving a BFA in sculpture.

According to a video Gunn created for the It Gets Better project, he attempted to commit suicide at the age of 17 by swallowing over 100 pills.

Career

Gunn started working at Parsons in 1982 and served as associate dean from 1989–2000, then became chair in August 2000. He was credited with "retooling and invigorating the curriculum for the 21st century."

Gunn began appearing on ''Project Runway'' during its first season in 2004, and is known for his catchphrase "Make it work." ''Tim Gunn's Guide to Style'', a reality show in which Gunn gives advice to the fashion-challenged, debuted in September 2007 on the Bravo television network.

Gunn also played a version of himself as a reporter for the fictional ''Fashion TV'' in two episodes of ABC's ''Ugly Betty'' in February 2007 and later guest starred on ''Drop Dead Diva'' in August 2009 as himself.

Gunn left Parsons in 2007 and joined Liz Claiborne as the company's chief creative officer in March of that year.

In April 2007, Abrams Image Publishers released Gunn's book ''A Guide to Quality, Taste and Style'', co-written with Kate Moloney, cover photo by Markus Klinko & Indrani. While on tour in Palm Springs, California, the nearby city of Palm Desert honored him with an official resolution declaring April 27, 2007 (the day of his visit) "Timothy M. Gunn Day". He was also presented with a certificate by the city of Palm Springs and a plaque by the nearby city of Rancho Mirage in recognition of his career achievements. While promoting the book in the San Francisco Bay Area in May 2007, Gunn joined the judging panel of Project FiveFour 07, to judge gowns designed by 12 students from San Francisco's Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising. The competition benefited The Princess Project, a Bay Area charity that gives free prom dresses to high school students who can't afford to buy them on their own.

In May 2009, Gunn served as commencement speaker at the Corcoran College of Art and Design, and received an honorary doctorate from the institution.

He makes sporadic appearances on ''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson'''s "Dear Aquaman" segments, helping or standing in for Aquaman (Ferguson), answering letters and dispensing advice.

He guest starred as Barney's personal tailor on the 100th episode of ''How I Met Your Mother''.

Gunn is guest-starring as himself on the 6th episode of CW's fourth season of ''Gossip Girl'', "Easy J".

In other media

In August 2007, "Tim Gunn's Podcast (a reality chamber opera)" by Jeffrey Lependorf premiered at the Cornelia Street Cafe in New York City. It received its first run one year later at New York International Fringe Festival.

Gunn appeared in a backup story in the first issue of ''Models Inc.'', a fashion-themed comic book miniseries published by Marvel Comics that debuted in September 2009 to coincide with New York City's style showcase. Gunn appeared on a variant cover of the issue illustrated by Phil Jimenez. In the series, which is written by ''Project Runway'' fan Mark Sumerak and illustrated by Jimenez, Gunn dons the Iron Man armor to foil an attack against the New York Fashion Museum.

Gunn appeared in the opening skit on the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards to style Jimmy Fallon to look like Bruce Springsteen, from his Born in the USA album.

Personal life

Gunn lives in New York City and is a homoromantic asexual. In a 2006 interview with ''Instinct'', Gunn stated that he had not been in a relationship since the early 1980s, following the abrupt end of a six-year relationship, and that he still loves his former partner, though they are not in touch.

Gunn is an outspoken critic of clothing designs using animal fur. In 2008, he narrated a video about rabbit fur farming in China for animal rights group PETA. He termed the treatment of animals used for fur as "egregiously irresponsible".

Filmography

''Project Runway'' (2004–present)

''Drinks with LX'' (2006)

''Ugly Betty'' (2007)

''Tim Gunn's Guide to Style'' (2007–2008)

''American Dad!'' (2008)

''The Replacements'' (2008)

''Drop Dead Diva'' (2009)

''Project Runway: All-Star Challenge'' (2009)

''The Biggest Loser: Second Chances'' (2009)

''How I Met Your Mother'' (2010)

''Sex and the City 2'' (2010)

''Gossip Girl'' (2010)

''The Smurfs'' (2011)

'' Teen Spirit'' (2011)

Published works

References

External links

Lifetime TV's ''Project Runway'' official website

''Chicago Tribune'' (December 1, 2005): "A chat with Tim Gunn of 'Project Runway'"

''The New York Times'' (Apr. 12, 2007): "The Headmaster of Fashion"

Interview: Sarah's Backstage Pass: Sarah Adamson "Style for the Suburban Woman"

Category:1953 births Category:People in fashion Category:Living people Category:Asexual people Category:Parsons The New School for Design faculty Category:People from Washington, D.C. Category:Project Runway Category:LGBT television personalities Category:LGBT writers from the United States

de:Tim Gunn es:Tim Gunn ja:ティム・ガン pt:Tim Gunn ru:Ганн, Тим