In martial arts, combat sports, and violence, a kick is a physical strike using the foot, leg, or knee (the latter is also known as a knee strike). This attack is often used in hand-to-hand combat, especially in stand-up fighting. Kicks play a significant role in many forms of martial arts, such as Taekwondo, Karate, Kung fu, Vovinam, Kickboxing, Muay Thai, Capoeira, Silat, and Kalarippayattu.

History

The English verb to kick appears only in the late 14th century, apparently as a loan from Old Norse, originally in the sense of a hooved animal delivering strikes with his hind legs; the oldest use is biblical, in the metaphor of an ox kicking against the pricks.

The act of kicking in general is a universal form of human aggression. The same movement is also used in non-offensive contexts, e.g. a kick to propel an object such as a ball, or a kicking movement without touching anything, e.g. as a dance move.

Kicks as a form of attack are more typically directed against helpless or downed targets, because using a kick in a combat situation bears the significant disadvantage of losing stability of one's stance, as delivering a kick obviously requires lifting at least one foot off the ground.

Thus, any combat system involving kicks needs to take this into account, either by adapting the rules of combat, such as limiting the contest to stand-up fighting, reducing the penalty resulting from a failed attempt at delivering a kick, or an emphasis on training very efficient and technically perfected forms of kicks. The more elaborate kicks used in martial arts, especially high kicks aiming above the waist or to the head have long been a distinguishing feature of Asian martial arts. This feature was introduced in the west in the 19th century with early hybrid martial arts inspired by Asian styles such as Bartitsu and Savate. Practice of high kicks became more universal in the second half of the 20th century with the more widespread development of hybrid styles such as kickboxing and eventually mixed martial arts.

The history of the high kick in Asian martial arts is difficult to trace. It appears to be prevalent in all traditional forms of Indochinese kickboxing, but these cannot be traced with any technical detail to pre-modern times. For example, Muay Boran or "ancient boxing" in Thailand was developed under Rama V (r. 1868-1910). While it is known that earlier forms of "boxing" existed during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, it is difficult if not impossible to recover any detail regarding the techniques these involved. Some stances that look like low kicks, but not high kicks, are visible in the Shaolin temple frescoes, dated to the 17th century. The ''Mahabharata'' (4.13), an Indian epic compiled at some point before the 5th century AD, describes an unarmed hand-to-hand battle, including the sentence "and they gave each other violent kicks" (without providing any further detail).

Practicality

The usefulness of kicks in self-defense and actual combat has been debated. Some, like Bruce Lee, have commented that the leg, thanks to its size and weight, is a more powerful weapon than the arm. Because the leg is longer than the arm, kicks tend to keep an opponent at a distance and to surprise him or her with their range. Many have reported successfully using kicks in real-life self-defense situations, intended primarily for self-defense and combat, have incorporated kicks.

On the other hand, stance is very important in any combat system, and any attempt to deliver a kick will necessarily compromise one's stability of stance. The practicality of kicks is thus a question of the tradeoff between the power that can be delivered vs. the cost incurred to balance.

The high kicks practiced in modern martial arts or the flying/jumping kicks performed in synthesis styles are primarily performed for conditioning or aesthetic reasons. The proponents have viewed that some high front snap kicks are effective for striking the face or throat, particularly against charging opponents, and flying kicks can be effective to scare off attackers. Some contrasting views have stated that high kicks are completely ineffective as it would be much quicker and more probable to be able to strike the throat, nose or face with a palm strike for the face or a claw hand to strike at or choke the throat. It has been noted that high kicks (and other complicated kicks for that matter) can be almost impossible to perform in an actual confrontation due to the adrenal shock that one experiences in a stressful situation. This "adrenal dump" as it is called by some experts, causes the body to lose the ability of fine motor control, which is what many modern high kicks require to perform. Additionally, high kicks nearly always expose the groin, inviting a swift kick to the area from an agile opponent. As a result, the use of high kicks in defensive situations is considered risky at best for anyone but highly skilled martial artists. It should be further noted, that many styles use a more vulnerable stance (circular stance) that exposes the groin constantly (as noted by Bruce Lee for example in his defense manuals) since attacks to the groin are no longer a concern in most martial arts. Linear stance such as in Shotokan Karate, Wado Karate and most other original forms of Karate and Te fighting do not expose the groin. Taekwondo, Jeet Kune Do, and Shotokan Karate share nearly identical stances in terms of the initial attack and even after basic attacks (roundhouse, front kick, etc.).

The general consensus is that for most defense and combat applications, simple kicks aimed at vulnerable targets below the chest (self defence experts such as author and teacher Marc Macyoung claim that kicks should be aimed no higher than the waist/stomach) may be highly efficient, but should be executed with a degree of care. Thus, the fighter should not compromise their balance while delivering a kick, and retract the leg properly to avoid grappling. The front kick could be aimed at the groin/pelvis area when attacking, or to the waist/stomach area when being used defensively, knees and shins, inflicting respectable damage. The defensive side kick is a great move for stopping a blitzing opponent. The roundhouse kick performed at low level may be effective due to its power, and the vulnerability of many of its targets ( knees, ribs etc.) since attacking leg muscles will often cripple opponent's mobility, however the technique still throws a fighter's balance off and leaves them vulnerable. It is often recommended to build and drill simple combinations that involve attacking different levels of opponents. A common example would be distracting an opponent's focus via a fake jab, following up with a powerful attack at the opponent's legs and punching. Further, since low kicks are inherently quicker and harder to see and dodge in general they are often emphasized in a street fight scenario.

Basic kicks

Front kick

Delivering a front kick involves raising the knee and foot of the striking leg to the desired height and extending the leg to contact the target. The actual strike is usually delivered by the ball of the foot. Taekwondo practitioners utilize both the heel and ball of the foot for striking. Various combat systems teach 'general' front kick using the heel or whole foot when footwear is on. Depending of fighter's tactical needs, a front kick may involve more or less body motion. Thrusting one's hips is a common method of increasing both reach and power of the kick. The front kick is typically executed with the upper body straight and balanced. Front kicks are typically aimed at targets below the chest: abdomen, thighs, groin, knees or lower. Highly skilled martial artists are often capable of striking head-level targets with front kick.

Roundhouse kick

Also referred to as a round kick or turning kick, this is the most commonly used kick in kickboxing due to its power and ease of use. In most styles, the instep is used to strike, though most Karate styles would allow the shin as official technique for a street fight. To execute, the attacker swings their leg sideways in a circular motion, kicking the opponent's side with the front of the leg, usually with the instep, ball of the foot, toe, or shin. Also performable is a 360 degree kick in which the attacker performs a full circle with their leg, in which the striking surface is generally either the instep, shin or ball of the foot.

There are many variations of the roundhouse kick based on various chambering of the cocked leg (small, or full, or universal or no chambering) or various footwork possibilities (rear-leg, front-leg, hopping, switch, oblique, dropping, ground spin-back or full 360 spin-back). An important variation is the downward roundhouse kick, nicknamed the Brazilian Kick from recent MMA use: A more pronounced twist of the hips allows for a downward end of the trajectory of the kick that is very deceiving.

===Side kick=== The side kick refers to a kick that is delivered sideways in relation to the body of the person kicking. There are two areas that are commonly used as impact points in sidekicks: the heel of the foot and the outer edge of the foot. The heel is more suited to hard targets such as the ribs, stomach, jaw, temple and chest. Another way of doing the side kick is to make it an end result of a faked roundhouse. This technique, historically taught as a white belt kick in Okinawan Te fighting and later Shotokan Karate and Tae Kwon Do is considered antequated, and used only after an opponent is persuaded to believe it is a roundhouse, and then led to believe that closing the distance is best for an upper body attack, which plays into the tactical position and relative requirement of this version of the side kick. In Korean, ''yeop chagi''. In Okinawan te fighting, it is sometimes called a ''dragon kick''. Some have called this side kick a "twist kick" due to its roundhouse like origins. This side kick begins as would a roundhouse kick however the practitioner allows the heel to move towards the center of the body. The kick is then directed outward from a cross-leg chamber so that the final destination of the kick is a target to the side, rather than one that is directly ahead.

Traditional Back kick (reverse side kick)

Also referred to as a donkey kick, mule kick, or turning back kick. This kick is directed backwards, keeping the kicking leg close to the standing leg and using the heel as a striking surface.

Advanced kicks

These are often complicated variations of basic kicks, either with a different target or combined with another move such as jumping.

===Axe kick=== In Japanese, ''mae keage geri''; in Korean, ''doki ba chagi'' or ''naeryeo chagi'' or "chikka chagi".

An axe kick, also known as a ''hammer kick'' or ''stretch kick'', is characterized by a straightened leg descending onto an opponent like the blade of an axe. It begins with one foot rising upward as in a crescent kick. The upward arc motion is stopped and then the attacking foot is lowered so as to strike the target from above. The arc can be performed in either an inward (counter-clockwise) or outward (clockwise) fashion.

A well known proponent of the axe kick was the late Andy Hug, the Swiss Kyokushinkai Karateka who won the 1996 K-1 Grand Prix.

Butterfly kick

The butterfly kick is done by doing a large circular motion with both feet in succession, making the combatant airborne. There are many variations of this kick. The kick may look like a slanted aerial cartwheel, and at the same time, the body spins horizontally in a circle. You would have to jump with one leg while kicking with the other, then move the kicking leg down and the jumping leg up into a kick, landing with the first kicking leg, all while spinning. It may also resemble a jumping spin roundhouse kick (developed by James 'Two Screens' Perkins) into a spinning hook kick, all in one jump and one spin.

First practiced in Chinese martial arts, the butterfly kick, or "xuan zi", is widely viewed as ineffective for actual combat. Attempting to use this technique to actually attack an opponent could result in leg injuries. However, its original purpose was to evade an opponent's floor sweep and flip to the antagonist's exposed side.

Calf kick

This kick strikes with the backside of the calf. A variation which is known as the jumping calf kick is when the user jumps before performing the kick. This attack often takes the form of a sweep in clinching situations and is most often seen in Judo matches or MMA.

Crescent kick

In Japanese, ''mikazuki Geri''; in Korean, ''bandal chagi'' (반달 차기).

The crescent kick, also referred to as a 'swing' kick, has some similarities to a hook kick, and is sometimes practised as an off-target front snap kick. The leg is bent like the front kick, but the knee is pointed at a target to the left or right of the true target. The energy from the snap is then redirected, whipping the leg into an arc and hitting the target from the side. This is useful for getting inside defenses and striking the side of the head or for knocking down hands to follow up with a close attack. In many styles of Tai Chi Chuan, crescent kicks are taught as tripping techniques. When training for crescent kicks, it is common to keep the knee extended to increase the difficulty. This also increases the momentum of the foot and can generate more force, though it takes longer to build up the speed.

The inward/inner/inside crescent hits with the instep. Its arch is clockwise for the left leg and counter-clockwise for the right leg. Force is generated by both legs' hip adduction. The inward variant has also been called a ''hangetsu geri'' (Crescent moon kick) in karate and is employed to "wipe" an opponents hand off of one's wrist. It can quickly be followed up by a low side-blade kick to the knee of the offender.

The outward/outer/outside crescent hits with the 'blade', the outside edge of the leg. Its path is counter-clockwise for the left leg and clockwise for the right leg, and force is generated by both legs' hip abduction. This is similar to a rising side kick, only with the kicking leg's hip flexed so that the line of force travels parallel to the ground from front to side rather than straight up, beginning and ending at the side.

Hook kick

In Korean, ''huryeo chagi'' (후려 차기) or ''golcho chagi''. The hook kick strikes with the heel from the side (or flat of the foot in sparring). It is executed similar to a side kick. However, the kick is intentionally aimed slightly off target in the direction of the kicking foot's toes. At full extension, the knee is bent and the foot snapped to the side, impacting the target with the heel. In Taekwondo it is often used at the resulting miss of a short slide side kick to the head, but is considered a very high level technique in said circumstance. Practitioners of jeet kune do frequently use the term ''heel hook kick'' or ''sweep kick''. It is known as Gancho in Capoeira.

There are many variations of the hook kick, generally based on different footworks: rear- or front-leg, oblique or half-pivot, dropping, spin-back and more. The hook kick can be delivered with a near-straight leg at impact, or with a hooked finish (Kake in Japanese Karate) where the leg bends before impact to catch the target from behind. An important variation is the downward hook kick, delivered as a regular or a spin-back kick, in which the end of the trajectory is diagonally downwards for a surprise effect or following an evading opponent.

Spinning hook kicks can be seen used by Bruce Lee in Fists of Fury (The Chinese Connection in America). Lee also used the move in Enter the Dragon, where he used it several times to knock out opponents. Bill Wallace was also a great user of this kick, as seen in his fight with Bill Briggs, where he KO'd his opponent with the clocked 60 mph kick. The Jump Spin Hook Kick was popularized in the mid-eighties by Steven Ho in open martial art competitions. The hook kick is mainly used to strike the jaw area of an opponent,but is also highly effective in the temple region.

Reverse roundhouse/heel kick

In Japanese, ; in Korean, ''bandae dollyo chagi'' (반대 돌려 차기), ''dwit hu ryo chagi'', ''nakkio mom dollyo chagi'' or ''parryo chagi''.

This kick is also known as a ''heel kick'', ''reverse turning kick'', ''reverse round kick'', ''spinning hook kick'', or ''spin kick''. A low reverse roundhouse is also known as a ''Sweep Kick''. This kick traditionally uses the heel to strike with. The kicking leg comes from around the kicker's back and remains straight, unlike a reverse hooking kick. See above for more on hook kicks. Variations exist for low, middle and high height. Spinning and leaping variations of the kick are also popular, and are often showcased in film and television media.

A different kick that is similarly named also exists. It is literally a roundhouse kick performed by turning as if for a ''back straight kick'' and executing a roundhouse kick. It is known as a ''Reverse Roundhouse Kick'' because the kicker turns in the opposite, or "reverse", direction before the kick is executed. This kick strikes with the ball of the foot for power or the top of the foot for range. The kick was exhibited by Bruce Lee on numerous occasions in his films Enter the Dragon and The Big Boss. A version performed by former WWE Diva Mickie James is called the ''Long Kiss Goodnight'' because it is preceded by a kiss, then performed.

In Olympic format (sport) taekwondo, this technique is performed using the balls of the feet, and in a manner similar to a back thrust, rather than the circular technique adopted in other styles/Martial Arts.

Spinning back heel kick

This is a spinning kick to the back of the head of the opponent. This move was made famous by Yoshiko.

Flying kicks

A flying kick, in martial arts, is a general description of kicks that involve a running start, jump, then a kick in mid-air. Compared to a regular kick, the user is able to achieve greater momentum from the run at the start. Flying kicks are not to be mistaken for jumping kicks, which are similar maneuvers. A jumping kick is very similar to a flying kick, except that it lacks the running start and the user simply jumps and kicks from a stationary position. Flying kicks are often derived from the basic kicks. Some of the more commonly known flying kicks are the: flying side kick, flying back kick and the flying roundhouse kick, as well as the flying reverse roundhouse kick. Flying kicks are commonly practiced in Tae Kwon Do, Karate, Wushu, and Muay Thai for fitness, exhibitions, competition, as well as self defense. It is known as ''tobi geri'' in Japanese martial arts, and ''twimyo chagi'' in Taekwondo.

Scissor kick

Several kicks may be called a scissor kick, involving swinging out the legs to kick multiple targets or using the legs to take down an opponent.

The popularized version of a scissor kick is, while lying down, or jumping, the kicker brings both legs to both sides of the opponent's legs or to their body and head, then brings both in as a take down (as the name states, leg motions are like that of a pair of scissors).

The scissor kick in Taekwondo is called ''kawi chagi''. In Capoeira it is called tesoura (scissors).

Scissor kicks and other variants are also commonly applied in Vovinam.

Vertical kick (thrust kick/push kick/side kick)

The vertical kick involves bringing the knee forward and across the chest, then swinging the hip while extending the kicking leg outward, striking with the outside ("sword") edge of the foot. It can deliver a considerable amount of power. This is called a ''yoko geri keage'' in karate.

In Taekwondo, the vertical kick is called ''sewo chagi'', and can be performed as either an inward (''anuro'') or outward (''bakuro'') kick.

Multiple kick

In Japanese karate, the term ''ren geri'' is used for several kicks performed in succession. Old karate did not promote the use of the legs for weapons as much as modern karate does, seeing them as being too open for countering. However, in modern competitions, the ability to use multiple kicks without setting the foot down has become a viable option, not only for effectiveness but also for stylish aesthetics.

In Taekwon-Do, three types of multiple kick are distinguished:

Double kick (''i-jung chagi'') - two kicks of the same type executed in succession by the same foot in the same direction.

Consecutive kick (''yonsok chagi'') - two or more kicks executed in succession by the same foot but in different directions, or with different attacking tools.

Combination kick (''honhap chagi'') - two or more kicks executed in succession by both feet.

One such Multiple Kick commonly seen in Taekwondo, is a slightly complex Side Kick where a High Side Kick is followed by a Low Side Kick which is in turn followed by a more powerful Side Kick. This combination is done rapidly and is meant not for multiple targets but for a single one. The Multiple Kick usually targets the face, thigh, and chest, but in turn can be a multiple chest attack which is useful for knocking the breath out of an attacker. The Multiple Kick is usually done in the "second" style described in the Side Kick article which "involves shooting the leg forward as you would in a front kick and then pivoting and turning so that you actually deliver a side kick." That style "has far less power but is much faster and more deceptive", which is what the Multiple Kick was designed for. The Multiple Kick, unlike some Side Kicks or "side blade kicks", never uses the outer edge of the foot; it's intended solely for the heel to be used as the impact point. Depending on the strength and skill of the attacker and the attacked, the combination can be highly effective or highly ineffective when compared to more pragmatic attacks. In some encounters with highly trained and conditioned fighters, multiple side-kicks have seen disastrous results against the abs of their targets.

See also

Dynamic stretching

References

External links

Examples of basic kicks at Exershare.com

Kicking books and resources

Category:Pain infliction methods

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name	Pumped Up Kicks
cover	PumpedUpKicks.jpg
artist	Foster the People
album	Torches
released	14 September 2010
format	Digital download, 12-inch single
recorded	2009
genre	Indie pop, alternative rock, neo-psychedelia
length	3:58 (album version)3:26 (radio edit)
label	Columbia
writer	Mark Foster
producer	Mark Foster
certification	Platinum (RIAA)
this single	"Pumped Up Kicks"(2011)
next single	"Helena Beat"(2011)
misc	}}

"Pumped Up Kicks" is a song by American indie pop group Foster the People. It was written and recorded by frontman Mark Foster at Mophonics in the Venice district of Los Angeles. "Pumped Up Kicks" can be considered both a crossover hit and a sleeper hit, as it received airplay on modern rock stations soon after its release in September 2010, and in the early summer of 2011 began seeing noticeable airplay on contemporary hit radio stations. The song has thus far reached number 3 in the US on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.

Composition

When "Pumped Up Kicks" was first recorded, frontman Mark Foster played all of the song's instruments for what he thought was going to be just a demo, but the version he recorded ended up as the final version on ''Torches''. The song is about a troubled and delusional youth with homicidal thoughts. Foster said, "I was trying to get inside the head of an isolated, psychotic kid." He stated in an interview with KROQ-FM that the lyrics were written to "bring awareness" to the issue of gun violence amongst youth, which he feels is an epidemic perpetuated by "lack of family, lack of love, and isolation". Contrasting with the dark lyrics of the song, the music, written before the lyrics, is upbeat, with a heavy bassline and a mixture of acoustic and electronic elements. Foster said, "It's a 'fuck you' song to the hipsters in a way—but it's a song the hipsters are going to want to dance to." Jeffery Berg of ''Frontier Psychiatrist'' said, "I was so engrossed with the cheery melody of its chorus that it took me a few listens to discover that the lyrics suggest dark, Columbine revenge," Some say that the song is most likely a reference to the Westroads Mall shooting in Omaha, Nebraska the shooter being Robert A. Hawkins and the first lyrics of the song are "Robert's got a quick hand," and also a similar situation suggested in the song when the alleged shooter steals his dad's revolver, when in real life Hawkins stole his dad's AKM assault rifle. However, the band's publicist told an Omaha World Herald reporter "This is completely false. The character name in the song is just a coincidence."

Certain lyrics of the song were digitally removed for MTVU, due to references to guns and bullets.

Release

The song debuted on supergoodmusic.com in early 2010 in their weekly newsletter, ''The Concert Blast''. It was first performed live at the Stand Up Charity Benefit in Venice during the first weekend of February 2010. "Pumped Up Kicks" was featured on Nylon's coverage of Fashion Week in February 2010 and emerged on YouTube in February 2010. It went viral after a popular German blog gave it a very positive review. The song was released as the debut single from the group in 2010 in North America and serves as the lead single from their debut self-titled EP. Nearly five months after the release of the EP, the song would appear on the band's debut album ''Torches''. It was released in the United Kingdom on 19 June; with the album ''Torches'' released the following week.

The song received its first widespread radio play on Sirius XM Radio's Alt Nation channel in August 2010. One month later, University of Maryland's radio station WMUC gave the song its terrestrial radio debut on its alternative rock show "Ctrl Alt Delete." On 23 May 2011, BBC Radio 1 DJ Greg James selected the song as his ''Record of the Week'' - which ran until 27 May. During this time, James released an accompanying video of him dancing to the song; which he entitled and promoted "The Bum Dance".

The official remix of the single "Pumped Up Kicks" was released by New York City-duo The Knocks in April 2011, under the name "Pumped Up Kicks (The Knocks Speeding Bullet Remix)", and was made available to those subscribed to the band's emailing list.

The song placed at No. 32 in the Triple J Hottest 100 for 2010, a big achievement due to the band being relatively unknown in Australia at the time. In the U.S., it topped the ''Billboard'' Alternative Songs chart, reached the top 5 of the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, and has been certified Gold by the RIAA. It has sold 1,003,000 copies in the US.

The song was covered by Weezer during their 2011 North American Tour, at the Orange County Fair on August 4, 2011. Mark Foster said in reaction to this, "Nine years ago, I met Rivers Cuomo at a party, and I had my acoustic guitar with me. He taught me how to play 'Say It Ain't So.' So nine years later, to watch him play one of my songs - it was wild. I can't wait to meet him and remind him of that story."

Music video

The music video directed by Josef Geiger was filmed at multiple locations in Los Angeles with insert footage from San Francisco and features the band playing a show in a small bar. There are also cuts to band members doing other activities, such as playing frisbee, drinking beer, and surfing. The video peaked at #21 on the MuchMusic Countdown in Canada.

Track listing

Charts

!Chart (2011)	!Peakposition
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)
US
! Country	! Date	! Format	! Label
! United States	14 September 2010	Vinyl
! United Kingdom	19 June 2011	Digital Download

References

External links

[[Category:2011 singles">Top Heatseekers US [[Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs)

Release history

! Country	! Date	! Format	! Label
! United States	14 September 2010	Vinyl
! United Kingdom	19 June 2011	Digital Download

References

External links

[[Category:2011 singles Category:Foster the People songs Category:Billboard Alternative Songs number-one singles Category:English-language songs Category:Debut singles Category:Columbia Records singles

it:Pumped Up Kicks

name	Anthony Pettis
other names	Showtime
alt	Anthony Pettis at WEC 53 Weigh-Ins
birth date	January 27, 1987
birth place	Milwaukee, Wisconsin
nationality	American
height
weight lb	155
weight class	Lightweight (155 lb)
reach in	72
style	Taekwondo, Muay Thai, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
fighting out of	Milwaukee, Wisconsin
team	Roufusport
rank	''3rd degree black belt in Taekwondo'' ''purple belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu''
years active	2007 - present
mma kowin	5
mma subwin	6
mma decwin	2
mma decloss	2
url	Official UFC Profile
sherdog	26627
updated	}}

Anthony Pettis (born January 27, 1987) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the lightweight division. A professional MMA competitor since 2007, Pettis has made a name for himself mainly fighting in his home state of Wisconsin. He is a former fighter for the World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC), where he was the last ever WEC Lightweight Champion. He has since signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Early life

Born to Eugene Pettis Jr. and Annette Garcia, Anthony Pettis grew up in the south side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin along with his older brother Ray Pettis and younger brother Sergio Pettis. Pettis is half Mexican, his grandfather Anglicized the family name, Perez, to avoid discrimination. Pettis attended Dominican High School.

Career

Anthony "Showtime" Pettis made his professional MMA debut in December 2007. He compiled an undefeated record of 6-0 in shows all based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin before debuting with the WEC.

Pettis is coached by legendary Kickboxer and MMA trainer Duke Roufus and is a member of Roufusport where he trains with fighters Pat Barry, Matt Mitrione, Eric Schafer, Alan Belcher, Erik Koch and Ben Askren.

World Extreme Cagefighting

Pettis made his WEC debut at WEC 41, where he defeated Mike Campbell via triangle choke.

He was then expected to fight Rob McCullough at WEC 44 on November 18, 2009, but was pulled off the card with an undisclosed injury.

Pettis suffered his first professional loss on December 19, 2009 at WEC 45, dropping a close decision to Bart Palaszewski.

Pettis rebounded from the loss with a victory over Danny Castillo on March 6, 2010 at WEC 47, earning ''Knockout of the Night''. Training for the fight, as well as Pettis' family life, were both documented on an episode of the MTV show, World of Jenks.

Pettis suffered virtually no damage in the bout with Castillo and made a quick return at WEC 48 against Alex Karalexis. He won the fight via submission in the second round.

Pettis faced Shane Roller on August 18, 2010 at WEC 50. Pettis surprised many by taking down Roller multiple times and frustrating him with fast paced scrambles. Pettis displayed a diversity of striking not seen in professional mixed martial arts competition, namely two Capoeira kicks. The martelo as well as the aú batido. After several submission attempts, Pettis finally secured a fight ending triangle choke in the closing moments of the fight, earning a ''Submission of the Night'' bonus.

His last WEC fight came against Ben Henderson on December 16, 2010 at WEC 53 for the WEC Lightweight Championship. The fight was closely contested throughout, providing back and forth action, both standing and on the ground. In the fifth round, Pettis combined Parkour with a Savate Fouette to create what is now called the Showtime Kick by springing off of the cage with his right foot, making a shearing movement with his left leg, then kicking Henderson in the face with his right foot. Pettis won the fight via unanimous decision (48-47, 49-46, 48-47) to become the final WEC Lightweight Champion. The fight was also awarded as ''Fight of the Night'' which won Henderson and Pettis an extra $10,000.

Ultimate Fighting Championship

In October 2010, World Extreme Cagefighting merged with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As part of the merger, a majority of the WEC fighters were transferred to the UFC.

Pettis was expected to face the winner of Frankie Edgar and Gray Maynard, which took place at UFC 125. However, the bout was declared a draw, and Edgar/Maynard 3 was scheduled for UFC 130, but both fighters received sustained injuries before the fight, which was postponed.

Instead of waiting for the winner of Edgar/Maynard 3, Pettis faced Clay Guida on June 4, 2011 at The Ultimate Fighter 13 Finale. Despite being dominated by Guida's superior wrestling, Pettis continued to work from his back and made multiple submission attempts, while taking little damage, even securing Guida's back but Guida was able to escape and in return secured Pettis's back to end the third and final round ultimately giving Guida the victory via unanimous decision.

Pettis is expected to face Jeremy Stephens on October 8, 2011 at UFC 136.

Showtime Sports Bar

Along with Duke Roufus, Pettis owns the Showtime Sports Bar in Milwaukee.

Commercials

Pettis along with Jon Jones, Urijah Faber, Joseph Benavidez, Mark Muñoz, Chad Mendes, and Scott Jorgensen starred in a Form Athletics (now owned by K-Swiss) commercial.

Championships and Accomplishments

World Extreme Cagefighting

*WEC Lightweight Championship (One time, Final)

*Knockout of the Night (One time)

*Submission of the Night (One time)

*Fight of the Night (One time)

Sherdog

2010 Breakthrough Fighter of the Year

MMA Live

2010 Breakout Star of the Year

Mixed martial arts record

|- | |align=center| | Jeremy Stephens | | UFC 136 | |align=center| |align=center| |Houston, Texas, United States | |- | Loss |align=center| 11-2 | Clay Guida | Decision (unanimous) | The Ultimate Fighter 13 Finale | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 5:00 |Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 11-1 | Ben Henderson | Decision (unanimous) | WEC 53 | |align=center| 5 |align=center| 5:00 |Glendale, Arizona, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 10-1 | Shane Roller | Submission (triangle choke) | WEC 50 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 4:51 |Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 9-1 | Alex Karalexis | Submission (triangle choke) | WEC 48 | |align=center| 2 |align=center| 1:35 |Sacramento, California, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 8-1 | Danny Castillo | KO (head kick and punches) | WEC 47 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 2:17 |Columbus, Ohio,, United States | Knockout of the Night |- | Loss |align=center| 7-1 | Bart Palaszewski | Decision (split) | WEC 45 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 5:00 |Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 7–0 | Mike Campbell | Submission (triangle choke) | WEC 41 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 1:49 |Sacramento, California, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 6–0 | Gabe Wallbridge | TKO (strikes) | GFS: Season's Beatings | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:56 |Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 5–0 | Jay Ellis | Submission (strikes) | Gladiators Fighting Series 55 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 1:12 |Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 4–0 | Sherron Leggett | Decision (split) | GFS: Fight Club | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 5:00 |Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 3–0 | Mike Lambrecht | KO (head kick) | GFS: Knockout Kings | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 1:49 |Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 2–0 | Michael Skinner | Submission (strikes) | GFS: Seasons Beatings | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:36 |Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 1–0 | Tom Erspamer | TKO (punches) | GFS: Super Brawl | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:24 |Wisconsin, United States |

Television

Pettis appeared on episode 4 of World of Jenks, where documentary maker Andrew Jenks lived with Pettis for a week before his fight against Danny Castillo at WEC 47. The episode gave an inside look into Pettis' fight preparations as well as giving insights into his family life.

References

External links

Official UFC Profile

WEC Bio

Category:American mixed martial artists Category:Living people Category:1987 births Category:American taekwondo practitioners Category:American capoeira practitioners Category:American people of Puerto Rican descent Category:American mixed martial artists of Mexican descent Category:World Extreme Cagefighting champions

ja:アンソニー・ペティス pt:Anthony Pettis

Name	Iggy Pop
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	James Newell Osterberg, Jr.
Birth date	April 21, 1947
Instrument	Vocals, guitar, keyboards, drums
Genre	Punk rock, protopunk, garage rock, glam punk, shock rock, glam rock, hard rock
Occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician, producer, actor
Years active	1960–present
Label	Virgin, RCA, Elektra
Associated acts	The Stooges, The Trolls, The Nymphs, The Iguanas, Slash, David Bowie, Deborah Harry, Blondie, Sum 41
Website	Iggy & The Stooges Official Website }}

Iggy Pop (born James Newell "Jim" Osterberg, Jr.; April 21, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and occasional actor. He is considered an influential innovator of punk rock, hard rock, and other styles of rock music. Pop began calling himself "Iggy" after his first band in high school (for which he was drummer), The Iguanas. He was lead singer/songwriter of influential protopunk band The Stooges and became known for his outrageous and unpredictable stage antics.

Pop's popularity has ebbed and flowed throughout the course of his solo career. His best-known songs include "Lust for Life", "Real Wild Child", "Candy" (a duet with Kate Pierson of The B-52's), "China Girl" and "The Passenger".

Early life

Iggy Pop was born in Muskegon, Michigan, the son of Louella (née Christensen) and James Newell Osterberg, Sr., a former high school English teacher and baseball coach at Fordson High School in Dearborn, Michigan. Osterberg was raised in a trailer park in Ypsilanti, Michigan. He is of Irish and English descent on his father's side, and of Norwegian and Danish ancestry on his mother's. His father was adopted by a Swedish American family and took on their surname (Österberg).

Music career

Early days: 1960 to 1967

Osterberg began his music career as a drummer in different high school bands in Ann Arbor, Michigan. One band was the Iguanas, from the name of which he adopted his future moniker Iggy. After exploring local blues-style bands such as the Prime Movers (with brothers Dan and Michael Erlewine), he eventually dropped out of the University of Michigan and moved to Chicago to learn more about blues. While in Chicago, he played drums in blues clubs, helped by Sam Lay (formerly of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band) who shared his connections with Iggy. Inspired by Chicago blues as well as bands like The Sonics and The MC5, he formed the Psychedelic Stooges and began calling himself Iggy. The band was composed of Iggy on vocals, Ron Asheton on guitar, Asheton's brother Scott on drums, and Dave Alexander on bass.

The Stooges era: 1968 to 1975

The seeds of Iggy Pop's stage persona were sown when he saw The Doors perform in 1967 at the University of Michigan and was amazed by the stage antics and antagonism displayed by singer Jim Morrison. Morrison's extreme behavior, while performing in a popular band, inspired the young Pop to push the boundaries of stage performance. Pop was the first performer to do a stage-dive, which he started at a concert in Detroit. Other exploits of Pop include rolling around in broken glass, exposing himself to the crowd and vomiting on stage.

In 1968, one year after their live debut and now dubbed The Stooges, the band signed with Elektra Records, again following in the footsteps of The Doors, who were Elektra's biggest act at the time (reportedly, Pop called Moe Howard to see if it was alright to call his band "The Stooges," to which Howard responded by merely saying "I don't care what they call themselves, as long as they're not the ''Three'' Stooges!" and hung up the phone). The Stooges' first two albums ''The Stooges'', (on which Iggy was credited, much to his displeasure, as "Iggy Stooge"), produced by John Cale; and ''Fun House'', sold poorly. Shortly after the new members joined, the group disbanded because of Pop's growing heroin addiction.

In 1971, Iggy Pop and David Bowie met at Max's Kansas City, a nightclub and restaurant in New York City. Pop's career received a boost from his relationship with Bowie when Bowie decided in 1972 to produce an album with Pop in England. With James Williamson signed on as guitarist, the search began for a rhythm section. However, since neither Pop nor Bowie was satisfied with any players in England, they decided to re-unite The Stooges. It would not be a true reunion insofar as Dave Alexander, due to alcoholism, was unable to play on the record (he later died in 1975). Also, Ron Asheton grudgingly moved from guitar to bass to make way for Williamson to play guitar. The recording sessions produced the rock landmark ''Raw Power''. After its release Scott Thurston was added to the band on keyboards/electric piano and Bowie continued his support, but Iggy's drug problem persisted. The Stooges' last show ended in a fight between the band and a group of bikers, documented on the album ''Metallic K.O.'' Drug abuse stalled his career again for several years.

Bowie and Berlin: 1976 to 1978

After the second breakup of The Stooges, Iggy Pop made some recordings with James Williamson, but these were not released until 1977 (as ''Kill City'', credited jointly to Iggy Pop and Williamson). Pop was unable to control his drug use and checked himself into a mental institution, UCLA’s neuropsychiatric institute, to try to clean up. David Bowie was one of his few visitors there, and he continued to support his friend and collaborator. It was also rumored that Bowie would smuggle in cocaine to give to Pop. In 1976, Bowie took him along as his companion on the ''Station to Station'' tour. This was Iggy Pop's first exposure to large-scale professional touring and he was impressed, particularly with Bowie's work rate.

Bowie and Pop relocated to West Berlin to wean themselves off their addictions. In 1977, Pop signed with RCA and Bowie helped write and produce ''The Idiot'' and ''Lust for Life,'' Pop's two most acclaimed albums as a solo artist, the latter with another team of brothers, Hunt and Tony Sales, sons of comedian Soupy Sales. Among the songs Bowie and Pop wrote together were "China Girl", "Tonight", and "Sister Midnight", all of which Bowie performed on his own albums later on (the last being recorded with different lyrics as "Red Money" on the album ''Lodger''). Bowie also played keyboards in Pop's live performances, some of which are featured on the album ''TV Eye'' in 1978. In return, Pop contributed backing vocals on Bowie's ''Low''.

The Arista albums: 1979 to 1981

Iggy Pop had grown dissatisfied with RCA, later admitting that he had made ''TV Eye'' as a quick way of fulfilling his three-album RCA contract. He moved to Arista Records, under whose banner he released ''New Values'' in 1979. This album was something of a Stooges reunion, with James Williamson producing and latter-day Stooge Scott Thurston playing guitar and keyboards. Not surprisingly, the album's style harked back to the guitar sound of the Stooges. Although highly regarded by many Iggy fans (some preferring it to the Bowie collaborations), ''New Values'' was not a popular success, despite some strong material including "Five Foot One" and "I'm Bored."

The album was moderately successful in Australia and New Zealand, however, and this led to Iggy Pop's first visit there to promote it. While in Melbourne, he made a memorable appearance on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's nationwide pop show ''Countdown''. During his anarchic performance of ''I'm Bored'', Pop made no attempt to conceal the fact that he was lip-synching, and he even tried to grab the teenage girls in the audience. He was also interviewed by host Ian "Molly" Meldrum, an exchange which was frequently punctuated by the singer jumping up and down on his chair and making loud exclamations of "G'day mate" in a mock Australian accent. His ''Countdown'' appearance is generally considered one of the highlights of the show's history and it cemented his popularity with Australian punk fans; since then he has often toured there. While visiting New Zealand, Iggy Pop recorded a music video for "I'm Bored", and attended a record company function where he appeared to slap a woman and throw wine over a photographer. While in Australia, Iggy Pop was also the guest on a live late-night commercial TV interview show on the Ten Network. It is not known whether a recording of this interview exists, but the famous ''Countdown'' appearance has often been re-screened in Australia.

During the recording of ''Soldier'' (1980), Iggy Pop and Williamson quarrelled over production (the latter apparently wanted a big, Phil Spector-type sound) and Williamson was fired. Bowie appeared on the song ''Play it Safe'', performing backing vocals with the group Simple Minds. The album and its follow-up ''Party'' (1981) were both commercial failures, and Iggy Pop was dropped from Arista. His drug habit varied in intensity, but persisted.

The 1980s

In 1980, Iggy Pop published his autobiography ''I NEED MORE'', co-written with Anne Weher, an Ann Arbor arts patron. The book, which includes a selection of black and white photographs, features a foreword by Andy Warhol. Warhol says that he met Iggy when he was Jim Osterberg, at the Ann Arbor Film Festival in 1966. "I don't know why he hasn't made it really big," wrote the one Pop artist about the other. "He is so good."

The 1982 album ''Zombie Birdhouse'' on Chris Stein's Animal label, with Stein himself producing, was no more commercially successful than his Arista works, but again, in 1983, Iggy Pop's fortunes changed when David Bowie recorded a cover of the song "China Girl". The song had originally appeared on ''The Idiot'', and was a major hit on Bowie's blockbuster ''Let's Dance'' album. As co-writer of the song, Pop received substantial royalties. On ''Tonight'' in 1984, Bowie recorded two more of their co-written songs, this time from the ''Lust for Life'' album, "Tonight" and "Neighborhood Threat", assuring Iggy Pop financial security, at least for the short term. The support from Bowie enabled Pop to resolve problems and permitted him to take a three-year break during which he overcame his heroin addiction and took acting classes.

Additionally, Iggy Pop contributed the title song to the 1984 film ''Repo Man'' (with Steve Jones, previously of the Sex Pistols, on guitar) as well as an instrumental called "Repo Man Theme" that was played during the opening credits.

In 1985, Pop recorded some demos with Jones. He played these demos to Bowie, who was sufficiently impressed to offer to produce an album for Pop: 1986's New Wave-influenced ''Blah Blah Blah'', featuring the single "Real Wild Child", a cover of "The Wild One" originally written and recorded by Australian rock 'n' roll pioneer Johnny O'Keefe in 1958. The single was a Top 10 hit in the UK and was successful around the world, especially in Australia, where for the last twenty years it has been used as the theme music for the ABC's late-night music video show ''Rage''. It remains Pop's solitary brush with major commercial success. ''Blah Blah Blah'' was Pop's highest-charting album in the U.S. since ''The Idiot'' in 1977, peaking at #75 on the ''Billboard'' Top 200 albums chart.

Also in 1985, the movie ''Rock & Rule'' was released featuring performances by Iggy Pop and Lou Reed for the character Mok. Pop's song in the film was "Pain & Suffering" from the final sequence of the film.

In 1987, Pop appeared (along with Bootsy Collins) on a mostly instrumental album, ''Neo Geo'', by Japanese composer Ryuichi Sakamoto. The music video for "Risky", written and directed by Meiert Avis, won the first ever MTV Breakthrough Video Award. The groundbreaking video explores transhumanist philosopher FM-2030's ideas of ''Nostalgia for the Future'' in the form of an imagined love affair between a robot and one of Man Ray's models in Paris in the late 1930s. Additional inspiration was drawn from Jean Baudrillard, Edvard Munch's 1894 painting ''Puberty'', and Roland Barthes ''Death of the Author''. The surrealist black-and-white video uses stop motion, light painting, and other retro in-camera effects techniques. Meiert Avis shot Sakamoto while at work on the score for ''The Last Emperor'' in London. Sakamoto also appears in the video painting words and messages to an open shutter camera. Iggy Pop, who performs the vocals on "Risky", chose not to appear in the video, allowing his performance space to be occupied by the surrealist era robot.

Pop's follow-up to ''Blah Blah Blah'', ''Instinct'' (1988), was a turnaround in musical direction. Its stripped-back, guitar-based sound leaned further towards the sound of the Stooges than any of his solo albums to date. His record label, which had most likely been expecting another ''Blah Blah Blah'', dropped him. Nevertheless, the ''King Biscuit'' radio show recording of the ''Instinct'' tour (featuring guitarist Andy McCoy and Alvin Gibbs on bass) reaching Boston on July 19, 1988, remains one of punk-rock's most enduring live albums. Working with rock attorney Stann Findelle, Pop scored more movie soundtrack inclusions in 1989, "Living on the Edge of the Night" in the Ridley Scott Michael Douglas thriller, Black Rain and "Love Transfusion" in Wes Craven's Shocker.

The 1990s

In 1990, Pop recorded ''Brick by Brick'', produced by Don Was, with members of Guns N' Roses and The B-52's as guests, as well as backup vocals by many local Hollywood groups, two of whom (Whitey Kirst and Craig Pike) would create his band to tour and perform on his ''Kiss My Blood'' video (1991), directed by world-famous director Tim Pope and filmed at the Olympia in Paris. The video attracted much controversy, as it featured much footage of Pop performing with his penis exposed to the audience. The album was his first Gold-certified album in the U.S. (denoting sales of over 500,000 copies) and featured his first Top 40 U.S. hit, "Candy", a duet with B-52's singer Kate Pierson.

Also in 1990, Pop starred in the controversial opera ''The Manson Family'' by composer John Moran, released on Point Music/Phillip Classics, where he sang the role of prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi. That year he was also contributed to the Red Hot Organization's AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Blue project, singing a version of "Well Did You Evah!" in a duet with Deborah Harry.

In 1991, Pop and Kirst contributed the song "Why Was I Born (Freddy's Dead)" to the soundtrack of the film ''Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare''. The song also plays over the end credits of the film, with a compilation of clips from the ''A Nightmare on Elm Street'' series running alongside the end credits.

In 1992, he collaborated with Goran Bregović on the soundtrack for the movie ''Arizona Dream'' by Emir Kusturica. Pop sang four of the songs: ''In the Deathcar'', ''TV Screen'', ''Get the Money'', and ''This is a Film''. Also in 1992, he collaborated with the New York City band White Zombie. He recorded spoken word vocals on the intro and outro of the song "Black Sunshine" as well as playing the character of a writer in the video shot for the song. He is singled out for special thanks in the liner notes of the band's album ''La Sexorcisto: Devil Music, Vol. 1''.

In 1993, Pop released ''American Caesar'', including two successful singles, "Wild America" and "Beside You." The following year Pop contributed to Buckethead's album ''Giant Robot'', including the songs "Buckethead's Toy Store" and "Post Office Buddy". He appears also on the Les Rita Mitsouko album ''Système D'' where he sings the duet "My Love is Bad" with Catherine Ringer.

In 1995, Pop again found mainstream fame when his 1977 song "Lust for Life" was featured in the film ''Trainspotting''. A new video was recorded for the song, with clips from the film and studio footage of Iggy dancing with one of its stars, Ewen Bremner. An Iggy Pop concert also served as a plot point in the film. The song has also been used in TV commercials for Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines (with many music critics denouncing the usage of the song to promote peppy cruises) and as the theme music to ''The Jim Rome Show'', a nationally-syndicated American sports talk show.

In 1996, Pop released ''Naughty Little Doggie'', with Whitey Kirst returning on guitar, and the single "I Wanna Live". In 1997, he remixed ''Raw Power'' to give it a rougher, more hard-edged sound; fans had complained for years that Bowie's official "rescue effort" mix was muddy and lacking in bass. Pop testified in the reissue's liner notes that on the new mix, "everything's still in the red". He co-produced his 1999 album ''Avenue B'' with Don Was, releasing the single "Corruption." Pop produced 2001's ''Beat 'Em Up'', which gave birth to The Trolls, releasing the single "Football" featuring Trolls alumni Whitey Kirst and brother Alex.

In the early to middle 1990s, Pop would make several guest appearances on the Nickelodeon show ''The Adventures of Pete and Pete''. He played James Mecklenberg, Nona Mecklenberg's father.

The Stooges reunion: 2003 to present

Pop's 2003 album ''Skull Ring'' featured collaborators Sum 41, Green Day, Peaches, and The Trolls, as well as Ron and Scott Asheton, reuniting the three surviving founding members of The Stooges for the first time since 1974. Pop made a guest appearance on Peaches's song ''Kick It'' as well as the video. Also in 2003, his first full-length biography was published. ''Gimme Danger – The Story of Iggy Pop'' was written by Joe Ambrose; Pop did not collaborate on the biography or publicly endorse it. Having enjoyed working with the Ashetons on ''Skull Ring'', Pop reformed The Stooges with bassist Mike Watt (formerly of the Minutemen) filling in for Dave Alexander, and ''Fun House'' saxophonist Steve Mackay rejoining the lineup. They have toured regularly since 2004. That year, Pop opened Madonna's ''Reinvention'' World Tour in Dublin.

Iggy and The Stooges played the Glastonbury Festival in June 2007. Their set included material from the 2007 album ''The Weirdness'' and classics such as "No Fun and "I Wanna Be Your Dog." Pop also caused controversy in June 2007 when he was interviewed on the BBC's coverage of the Glastonbury Festival. He used the phrase "paki shop", prompting three complaints and an apology from the BBC.

On March 10, 2008 Pop appeared at Madonna's induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York. Together with The Stooges he sang raucous versions of two Madonna hits "Burning Up" and "Ray of Light." Before leaving the stage he looked directly at Madonna, quoting "You make me feel shiny and new, like a virgin, touched for the very first time.", from Madonna's hit song "Like A Virgin". According to guitarist Ron Asheton, Madonna asked The Stooges to perform in her place, as a protest to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for not inducting The Stooges despite six appearances on the nomination ballot. Pop also sang on the "No Fun" cover by Asian Dub Foundation on their 2008 album ''Punkara''.

On January 6, 2009, original Stooges guitarist, and Iggy's self-described best friend Ron Asheton, was found dead from an apparent heart attack. He was 60 years old.

In 2009 James Williamson rejoined the band after 29 years.

On December 15, 2009 it was announced that The Stooges will be inducted into The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 15, 2010. Pop had "about two hours of a strong emotional reaction" to the news.

In March 2010 the Stooges and Iggy Pop were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Recent career

Pop supplied vocals for the 1999 Death in Vegas UK Top-10 single ''Aisha''. The same year he appeared on ''Hashisheen, The End Of Law'', a collaborative effort by Bill Laswell, reading on the tracks ''The Western Lands'' and ''A Quick Trip to Alamut''. He also sang on the tracks ''Rolodex Propaganda'' and ''Enfilade'' by At the Drive-In in 2000.

For New Year's Eve 1997, Iggy was the headliner for the annual Australian three-day concert the Falls Festival. He gave one of the most memorable performances in the history of the festival. A member of the audience got to do the countdown for the new year with Pop as part of a competition to guess Pop's new year's resolution. (It was "To do nothing and make a lot of money!")

In 2005 Pop appeared, along with Madonna, Little Richard, Bootsy Collins, and The Roots' Questlove, in an American TV commercial for the Motorola ROKR phone. In early 2006, Iggy and the Stooges played in Australia and New Zealand for the Big Day Out. They also began work on a new album, ''The Weirdness'', which was recorded by Steve Albini and released in March 2007. In August 2006 Iggy and the Stooges performed at the Lowlands pop festival in the Netherlands, Hodokvas in Slovakia and in the Sziget Festival in Budapest.

Author Paul Trynka completed a biography of Iggy Pop (with his blessing) called ''Open Up and Bleed'', published in early 2007. More recently, Iggy and the Stooges played at Bam Margera's wedding and Pop appeared on the single "Punkrocker" with the Teddybears in a Cadillac television commercial. Pop was also the voice of Lil' Rummy on the Comedy Central cartoon ''Lil' Bush'' and confirmed that he has done voices for ''American Dad'' and ''Grand Theft Auto IV'', which also included The Stooges song "I Wanna Be Your Dog" (though the game's manual credited Iggy Pop as the artist).

Pop guested on ''Profanation (Preparation for a Coming Darkness)'', the new album by the Bill Laswell-helmed group Praxis, which was released on January 1, 2008.

He fronts (from January 2009) a £25 million TV ad campaign for Swiftcover, using the strapline "Get a Life".

Pop collaborated with Danger Mouse and Sparklehorse on the album "Dark Night of the Soul", singing the track ''pain.''

Pop's new solo album, ''Préliminaires'', was released on June 2, 2009. Inspired by a novel by French author Michel Houellebecq (born Michel Thomas) called ''La Possibilité d'une île'' (2005; Trans. as ''The Possibility of an Island'' by Gavin Bowd, 2006), Iggy was approached to provide the soundtrack for a documentary film on Michel and his attempts to make a film from his novel. Iggy's favourite character from Michel's novel is a little white dog named Fox. Iggy describes this new release as a "quieter album with some jazz overtones", the first single off the album, "King of the Dogs", bearing a sound strongly influenced by New Orleans jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong and Jelly Roll Morton. Iggy also admits that it's his response to being "sick of listening to idiot thugs with guitars banging out crappy music". The album is available on legal download sites, CD, and a Deluxe Boxset is available at only 6000 units worldwide. This boxset contains the ''Préliminaires'' album, a collector "Les Feuilles Mortes" b/w "King Of The Dogs" 7 inch, the cover of which is Iggy's portrait by Marjane Satrapi, and a 38 page booklet of drawings also by Marjane Satrapi.

Iggy sings on "We're All Gonna Die" on Slash's first solo album ''Slash'' which was released in April 2010.

Iggy appeared as a character in the video game Lego Rock Band to sing his song The Passenger and also lent his voice for the in game tutorial.

With reference to the song ''The Passenger, Iggy Pop'' has appeared on NZ television advertising phone networks to show how he can get a band to play together by conference call.

After a March 2010 stage diving accident, Pop claimed he would no longer stage dive. However, he did so on three occasions at a concert in Madrid, Spain on April 30, 2010. And it was much the same in London at the Hammersmith Apollo on May 2, 2010. On July 9, 2010 he again stage dived in Zottegem, Belgium, causing Iggy to bleed from the face.

In June 2010, Iggy Pop appeared at Yonge and Dundas Square in Toronto with the reformed Stooges on the NXNE main stage. The sheer size of the audience closed a central artery of Yonge Street.

In 2011 he teamed up with The Lilies, a collaboration between Sergio Dias of Os Mutantes and French group Tahiti Boy & The Palmtree Family to record the single 'Why?'.

On April 7, 2011, at age 63, Pop performed "Real Wild Child" on the tenth season of American Idol; the ''Los Angeles Times'' music blog "Pop & Hiss" described Pop as being "still magnetic, still disturbing."

Film career

Pop has had a limited career as an actor. He has appeared in sixteen movies, including ''Sid and Nancy'' (a nonspeaking cameo role), ''The Color of Money'', ''Hardware'' (voice only), ''The Crow: City of Angels'', ''The Rugrats Movie'', ''Snow Day'', ''Coffee and Cigarettes'' (opposite Tom Waits, in the third segment of the film, "Somewhere in California"), ''Cry-Baby'', ''Dead Man'', ''Tank Girl'' and ''Atolladero'', a Spanish science fiction Western. Pop also sings the main theme for ''Atolladero'', he is the voice of The Beast From Another Dimension in the cult animated film ''Rock & Rule'' and also sings its song, "Pain and Suffering".

He has been featured in five television series, including ''Tales from the Crypt'',''The Adventures of Pete & Pete'', where he played Nona's dad in the second and third season, and ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'', in which he played Yelgrun in "The Magnificent Ferengi" episode. With The Stooges, he was also featured in an episode of MTV's Bam's Unholy Union as the main band performing at Bam's wedding. Additionally, a portion of the music video for Iggy's ''Butt Town'' was featured on an episode of ''Beavis and Butthead''.

Pop has been profiled in four rockumentaries and has had songs on eighteen soundtracks, including ''Crocodile Dundee 2'', ''Trainspotting'', ''Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels'', ''Haggard'', ''Arizona Dream'', the main theme of ''Repo Man'', "Black Rain" and "Shocker" (1989) and ''Kurt Cobain: About a Son''.

In the movie ''Velvet Goldmine'', Ewan McGregor portrays Curt Wilde, a character loosely based on Iggy Pop. McGregor performs Pop's songs "TV Eye" and "Gimme Danger" in the film.

Pop voiced Lil' Rummy on the Comedy Central show ''Lil' Bush''.

Iggy Pop played himself as the DJ of the fictional rock station Liberty Rock Radio 97.8 in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV.

Pop provided the voice for a character in the English language version of the 2007 animated film ''Persepolis''.

Iggy Pop also voiced a cameo in the ''American Dad!'' episode ''American Dream Factory'' as Jerry, the drummer, in Steve's band.

Iggy makes an appearance in the 2008 feature documentary by Nik Sheehan about Brion Gysin and the Dreamachine entitled 'FLicKeR'.

In 2008, Iggy's music was featured in a movie adaption of Irvine Welsh's best-selling novel ''Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance''.

In January 2009, Iggy was signed up as the face of Swiftcover, the UK-based online insurance company. The advert was then banned by the Advertising Standards Authority on April 28, 2009 for being misleading – it implied that Iggy Pop himself had an insurance policy with Swiftcover when at the time the company did not insure musicians.

Iggy Pop featured along side indie starlet Greta Gerwig (Noah Baumbach's Greenberg, Baghead, Nights and Weekends) in the film "Art House" which will world premiere at the Nashville Film Festival in April 2010.

Iggy Pop also featured as a voice talent in the 2004 ATARI video game DRIV3R, which was produced by Reflections Interactive.

In 2010, the Stooges song "Search and Destroy" was featured in the Lost: Final Chapter episode 04, The Substitute.

Iggy's cover of the Richard Berry song ''Louie Louie'' is used during the opening credits of Michael Moore's 2009 film ''Capitalism: A Love Story''

Iggy was also referenced in ''The Venture Brothers'' Episode ''Showdown at Cremation Creek (Part I)'' and ''Showdown at Cremation Creek (Part II)'' alongside ''Klaus Nomi'' as the bodyguards to ''The Sovereign'' who is in fact ''David Bowie'', Iggy along with Klaus who defect to ''Phantom Limb'' who then tries to kill David Bowie with a large glowing ball that he can summon at will to kill people on the command "POP!" He was quoted as saying to him before he kills him, "Too long have I been made to play the idiot, now you're going to be MY DOG!"

In the Super Mario Bros. video game series, the character, Iggy Koopa was named after him.

Future biopic

''The Passenger'' was the putative name for a biopic about Pop's early career with the Stooges. The film was to be directed by Nick Gomez, and Elijah Wood was to play Iggy Pop. , the project appears to be shelved.

Pop liked the script but refused to take part in the film. He said:

The script ain't chopped liver... It was a work of art. But subjectively, I don't want to be involved in any way. A producer and the writer sent me a very decent letter, and asked me to write back if I didn't want them to do it... I don't feel negative about it at all.

He also called Wood "a very poised and talented actor".

Classical scholarship

In 1995, an established journal of classical scholarship, ''Classics Ireland'', published Pop's reflections on the applicability of Edward Gibbon's ''Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' to the modern world in a short article, ''Caesar Lives'', (Vol. 2, 1995). Pop also relates how reading Gibbon while on tour in the Southern United States inspired him to a spontaneous soliloquy he called "Caesar".

Discography

Albums

With The Stooges

1969 – ''The Stooges''

1970 – ''Fun House

1973 – ''Raw Power''

2007 – ''The Weirdness''

With James Williamson

1977 – ''Kill City''

Solo

1977 – ''The Idiot''

1977 – ''Lust for Life''

1979 – ''New Values''

1980 – ''Soldier''

1981 – ''Party''

1982 – ''Zombie Birdhouse''

1986 – ''Blah Blah Blah''

1988 – ''Instinct''

1990 – ''Brick by Brick''

1993 – ''American Caesar''

1996 – ''Naughty Little Doggie''

1999 – ''Avenue B''

2001 – ''Beat 'Em Up''

2003 – ''Skull Ring''

2009 – ''Préliminaires''

2011 – ''Angle of the Dangle''

Personal life

Pop lives in the Cayman Islands. He has one son, Eric Benson. He was married twice: to Wendy Weissberg (for several weeks in 1968, the marriage was annulled shortly thereafter) and to Suchi Asano (1985–1999).

Further Reading/Info

References

External links

Iggy & The Stooges Official Website

http://archives.cbc.ca/arts_entertainment/music/clips/2806/ (Iggy Pop's infamous 1977 interview with Peter Gzowski, from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's archive)

Video of Iggy Pop collaboration with Sergio Dias (Os Mutantes) + Tahiti Boy & the Palmtree Family

Category:1947 births Category:Actors from Michigan Category:American people of Danish descent Category:American musicians of English descent Category:American musicians of Irish descent Category:American musicians of Norwegian descent Category:Kerrang! Awards winners Category:Living people Category:Virgin Records artists Category:American rock singers Category:American punk rock singers Category:Musicians from Michigan Category:Music of Ann Arbor, Michigan Category:People from Muskegon, Michigan Category:People self-identifying as substance abusers Category:Protopunk musicians Category:The Stooges members Category:University of Michigan alumni

bg:Иги Поп ca:Iggy Pop cs:Iggy Pop da:Iggy Pop de:Iggy Pop et:Iggy Pop es:Iggy Pop eo:Iggy Pop eu:Iggy Pop fr:Iggy Pop ga:Iggy Pop gl:Iggy Pop io:Iggy Pop it:Iggy Pop he:איגי פופ la:Iggy Pop lt:Iggy Pop lmo:Iggy Pop hu:Iggy Pop mk:Иги Поп nl:Iggy Pop ja:イギー・ポップ no:Iggy Pop oc:Iggy Pop pl:Iggy Pop pt:Iggy Pop ro:Iggy Pop ru:Игги Поп simple:Iggy Pop sk:Iggy Pop sl:Iggy Pop sr:Иги Поп fi:Iggy Pop sv:Iggy Pop th:อิกกี ป็อป uk:Іґґі Поп zh:伊基·波普

name	Can I Get a Witness
artist	Marvin Gaye
album	Greatest Hits
b-side	"I'm Crazy 'Bout My Baby"
released	September 1963
format	7" single
recorded	July 17, 1963; Hitsville U.S.A.(Detroit, Michigan)
genre	Soul, rock and roll
length	2:53
label	TamlaT 54087
writer	Holland–Dozier–Holland
producer	Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier
last single	"Pride and Joy"(1963)
this single	"Can I Get a Witness"(1963)
next single	"You're a Wonderful One"(1964) }}

"Can I Get a Witness" is a 1963 hit song by Marvin Gaye on the Tamla (Motown) label. Written and produced by Motown songwriting and producing team Holland–Dozier–Holland, the song was built among gospel-styled music and heralded Gaye's beginnings in the church with a rhythm and blues/rock and roll setting. The song featured Gaye on piano, playing a boogie pattern, The Funk Brothers, and members of The Supremes in the background accompanying Gaye. The song became a hit in both the U.S. and the United Kingdom, and British musicians Lulu, Dusty Springfield, The Rolling Stones, Sam Brown and Steampacket (which featured a very young Rod Stewart) recorded cover versions of the song. Gaye's version peaked at #22 on the Hot 100 chart and its title soon became a catchphrase. Lee Michaels' 1971 version reached #39 on the Hot 100; both his and Gaye's versions peaked during Christmas week.

In popular culture

Gaye's recording is featured in the 1999 biographical film ''The Hurricane''.

Personnel

Lead vocals by Marvin Gaye

Background vocals by The Supremes: Diana Ross, Florence Ballard, and Mary Wilson

Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers

Category:1963 singles Category:Marvin Gaye songs Category:Songs written by Holland–Dozier–Holland Category:Motown singles

nn:Can I Get a Witness