Name | Jos |
---|---|
Native name | |
Native name lang | |
Settlement type | |
Total type | |
Translit lang2 type3 |
|
Dot x | |dot_y |
Pushpin map | Nigeria |
Pushpin label position | |
Pushpin map caption | Location in Nigeria |
Pushpin mapsize | |
Subdivision type | Country |
Subdivision name | Nigeria |
Subdivision type1 | State |
Subdivision name1 | Plateau State |
Subdivision name4 | |
Parts style | |
Parts | |
P2 | |
Leader title | Chief |
Leader name | Jacob Gyang Buba |
Established title | |
Established title1 | |
Established title2 | |
Named for | |
Area magnitude | |
Unit pref | Imperial |
Area total km2 | |
Area land km2 | |
Area total dunam | |
Area blank1 sq mi | |
Elevation footnotes | |
Elevation ft | 4062 |
Elevation min ft | |
Population as of | 2006 |
Population note | |
Population total | 900,000 |
Population density km2 | 391 |
Population density blank1 sq mi | |
Coor pinpoint | |
Coordinates type | region:NG_type:city(510300) |
Coordinates display | displayinline |
Postal code type | |
Footnotes | }} |
Jos is a city in the Middle Belt of Nigeria.The city has a population of about 900,000 residents based on the 2006 census.Popularly called "J-town" or "Jesus Our Saviour" by the residents, it is the administrative capital of Plateau State.
The city is located on the Jos Plateau at an elevation of about high above sea level. During British colonial rule, Jos was an important centre for tin mining. In recent years it has suffered violent religious clashes between its Muslim and Christian populations in 2001, 2008, 2010, and 2011.
According to the historian, Sen Luka Gwom Zangabadt, the area known as Jos today was inhabited by indigenous tribes who were mostly farmers and according to Billy J. Dudley, the British colonialist used direct rule for the indigenous tribes on the Jos plateau since they were not under the fulani emirates where indirect rule was used,according to the historian Samuel N Nwabara, the Fulani empire involved most of northern Nigeria except the Plateau province, Tiv, Jukun and Idoma tribes. It is the discovery of tin by the British that led to the influx of other tribes such as the Hausa, Igbo, Urhobo and Yoruba thus making it a cosmopolitan city.
According to the white paper of the commission of inquiry into the 1994 crisis, Ames, the British administrator during the colonial period said that the original name for Jos was Gwosh which was a village situated at the current site of the city, according to Ames, the Hausa wrongly pronounced Gwosh as Jos and it stuck. Another version was that "Jos" was an acronym of the word "Jasad" meaning Body to distinguish it from the hill tops, it was called "Jas" which was mis-pronounced by the British as "Jos". (An alternative etymology is that "Jos" is an acronym for Jesus Our Savior, established by missionaries.) It grew rapidly after the British discovered vast tin deposits in the vicinity. Both tin and columbite were extensively mined in the area up until the 1960s. They were transported by railway to both Port Harcourt and Lagos on the coast, then exported from those ports. Jos is still often referred to as "Tin City". In 1967 it was made capital of Benue-Plateau State, becoming the capital of the new Plateau State in 1975.
Jos has become an important national administrative, commercial, and tourist centre. Tin mining has led to the influx of migrants, mostly Igbos, Yorubas and Europeans who constitute more than half of the population of Jos. This "melting pot" of race, ethnicity and religion makes Jos one of the most cosmopolitan cities in Nigeria. For this reason, Plateau State is known in Nigeria as the "home of peace and tourism". Despite this, in 2001, the city witnessed violent riots between the divided Muslim and Christian populations in which several thousand people died. In 2004, the former governor of Plateau State, Joshua Dariye, was suspended for six months for failing to control the violence. In November 2008, clashes between Christians and Muslims killed almost 400 and wounded many. In spite of the communal clashes, visitors are surprised at the amount of activities still going on in the city. There is still an influx of people into the city and the cost of accommodation and land is still going up daily. This shows that the city is still one of the most desirable cities in Nigeria, despite the communal clashes.
In January 2011 there were almost daily clashes between Christian and Muslim mobs in villages around Jos since a series of bombs had been detonated during Christmas Eve celebrations a month earlier, killing scores of people.
With an altitude of 4,062 feet (1,217 m) above sea level, it enjoys a more temperate climate than much of the rest of Nigeria (average monthly temperatures range from 70° to 77°F or 21° to 25°C), from mid November to late January, night time temperatures drop as low as 11 degrees Celsius resulting in chilly nights.There is presence of hail stones during the rainy season due to the cool high altitude weather. These cooler temperatures have meant that from colonial times until present day, Jos is a favourite holiday location for both tourists and expatriates based in Nigeria. Situated almost at the geographical centre of Nigeria and about 179 km (109 miles) from Abuja, the nation's capital, Jos is linked by road, rail and air to the rest of the country.
The city of Jos receives about of rainfall annually,coming from both convectional and orographic sources due to its location on the jos plateau.
The National Museum in Jos was founded in 1952 by Bernard Fagg, and was recognized as one of the best in the country. It has unfortunately been left to fall to ruin as is the case with most of the cultural establishments in Nigeria. The Pottery Hall is a museum that has an exceptional collection of finely crafted pottery from all over Nigeria and boasts some fine specimens of Nok terracotta heads and artifacts dating from 500 BC to AD 200. It also incorporates the Museum of Traditional Nigerian Architecture with life-size replicas of a variety of buildings, from the walls of Kano and the Mosque at Zaria to a Tiv village. Articles of interest from colonial times relating to the railway and tin mining can also be found on display. A School for Museum Technicians is attached to the museum, established with the help of UNESCO. The Jos Museum is also located beside the zoo.
Jos has two golf courses, Rayfield and Plateau, plus a polo club, a stadium and other sports/entertainment offerings. Hillcrest School, an international missionary school, is also located in Jos. The school has been running for more than fifty years (since 1942) and contains a large international student population.
Covering roughly 3 square miles (8 km²) of savannah bush, the Jos Wildlife Park is a popular local attraction and includes animals such as lions, pythons and pygmy hippopotami.
Other local enterprises include food processing, beer brewing, and the manufacture of cosmetics, soap, rope, jute bags, and furniture. Heavy industry produces cement and asbestos cement, crushed stone, rolled steel, and tire retreads. Jos also is a centre for the construction industry and has several printing and publishing firms. The Jos-Bukuru dam and reservoir on the Shen River provide water for the city's industries.
The Jos Airport situated at Heipang has one of the most modern buildings in the country with a long enough runway for the jet airlines. The airport is served at the moment by a private airline—Arik Air—which operates one flight daily between Lagos and Jos.
Jos is a great base for exploring the beauty of Plateau State. The Shere Hills, seen to the east of Jos, offer a prime view of the city below. Assop Falls is a small waterfall which makes a pleasant picnic spot on a drive from Jos to Abuja. Riyom Rock is a dramatic and photogenic pile of rocks balanced precariously on top of one another, with one resembling a clown's hat, observable from the main Jos-Akwanga road.
Category:Populated places in Plateau State Category:Nigerian state capitals Category:Populated places established in 1915
zh-min-nan:Jos da:Jos de:Jos es:Jos eo:Jos (urbo) fr:Jos ga:Jos ko:조스 (나이지리아) hr:Jos id:Jos it:Jos (città) ms:Jos nl:Jos (Nigeria) ja:ジョス (ナイジェリア) no:Jos pl:Jos pt:Jos ro:Jos ru:Джос sr:Џос fi:Jos sv:Jos, Nigeria tl:Jos uk:Джос yo:Jos zh:乔斯This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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