Olive leaf is the leaf of the olive tree (''Olea europaea''). While olive oil is well known for its flavor and health benefits, the leaf has been used medicinally in various times and places. Natural olive leaf and olive leaf extracts (OLE), are now marketed as an anti-aging, immunostimulator and an antibiotic. Clinical evidence has proven the blood pressure lowering effects of carefully extracted olive leaf extracts. Bioassays support its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects at a laboratory level. A liquid extract made directly from fresh olive leaves recently gained international attention when it was shown to have an antioxidant capacity almost double green tea extract and 400% higher than vitamin C.

Active compounds

The primary medical constituents contained in unprocessed olive leaf is believed to be the antioxidants oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, as well as several other polyphenols and flavonoids, including oleocanthal.

Nutritional and medicinal uses

Olive leaves and its extracts are used in the complementary and alternative medicine community for the presumed ability to act as a natural pathogens killer by inhibiting the replication process of many pathogens.

Olive leaf is commonly used to fight colds and flu, yeast infections, and viral infections such as the hard-to-treat Epstein-Barr disease, shingles and herpes. Olive leaf has been shown to reduce low-density lipoproteins (LDL), or bad cholesterol. Researchers have found that olive leaf lowers blood pressure and increases blood flow by relaxing the arteries.

Olive leaf harbours antioxidant properties that help protect the body from the continuous activity of free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive chemical substances that, when oxidized, can cause cellular damage if left unchecked. Some recent research on the olive leaf has shown its antioxidants to be effective in treating some tumors and cancers such as liver, prostate, and breast cancer but the research on this is preliminary. Olive leaf is especially potent when used in combination with other antioxidants.

Olive leaf can be taken as a liquid concentrate, dried leaf tea, powder, or capsule. The leaf extracts can be taken in powder, liquid concentrate, or capsule form though the fresh-picked leaf liquid extracts are quickly gaining popularity due to the broader range of healing compounds they contain.

Soaps and cosmetics

Olive leaf extracts are combined with olive oil in soaps and skin creams for application to the skin or other body surfaces.

References

"Olive leaf extract exhibits antiviral activity against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV)"

"Induction of Growth Inhibition and Differentiation of Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells by a Tunisian Gerboui Olive Leaf Extract"

"Olea europaea: A Phyto-Pharmacological Review

Information on olive leaf tea

Category:Olives Category:Medicinal plants

Coordinates	12°58′0″N77°34′0″N
Name	MF DOOM
Background	solo_singer
Alias	DOOM, King Geedorah, Metal Face, Metal Fingers, Viktor Vaughn, Zev Love X
Born	January 09, 1971 London, United Kingdom
Born as	Daniel Dumile
Origin	Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.
Genre	East Coast hip hop
Instrument	Vocals, sampler, synthesizer, drum machine, Pro Tools
Occupation	Rapper, hip hop producer
Associated acts	Danger Doom, Madlib, Ghostface Killah, Method Man, Omer Saar, J Dilla, KMD, Madvillain, MF Grimm, Count Bass D, Talib Kweli, Aesop Rock, Mos Def, RZA
Years active	1988–19931997–present
Label	Elektra (1988–1993)Sub Verse (1997–2003)Fondle 'Em (1997–2001)Metal Face (1997–present) Big Dada (2003–present)Naturesounds (2003–present) Rhymesayers (2003–present)Stones Throw (2004–present)Lex (2005–present)
Website	Official website }}

Daniel Dumile (pronounced ) is a hip hop artist who has taken on several stage names in his career, most notably MF DOOM, where the "MF" stands for Metal Fist, Metal Fingers, or Metal Face. He has appeared in several collaborative projects such as Danger Doom (with Danger Mouse) and Madvillain (with Madlib).

History

Early years with KMD

Dumile was born on January 9, 1971, in London, England, the son of a Trinidadian mother and Zimbabwean father. He then moved with his family to New York and was raised in the city of Long Beach, New York on Long Island.

As Zev Love X, he formed the group KMD in 1988 with his younger brother DJ Subroc and another MC called Rodan. When Rodan left the group, Zev found another MC to replace Rodan named Onyx the Birthstone Kid. A&R; rep Dante Ross learned of KMD through the hip hop group 3rd Bass, and signed the group to Elektra Records.

Dumile and KMD's recorded debut came on 3rd Bass's song "The Gas Face" from ''The Cactus Album'', followed in 1991 with KMD's album ''Mr. Hood'', which became a minor hit through its singles "Peachfuzz", "Who Me?" and heavy video play on cable TV's ''Yo! MTV Raps'' and ''Rap City''.

Subroc was struck and killed by a car in 1993 while attempting to cross a Long Island expressway before the release of a second KMD album, titled ''Black Bastards''. The group was subsequently dropped from Elektra Records that same week. Before the release of the album, it was shelved due to controversy over its cover art, which featured a cartoon of a stereotypical pickaninny or sambo character being hanged from the gallows.

With the loss of his brother, Dumile retreated from the hip hop scene from 1994 to 1997. He testifies to disillusionment and depression, living "damn near homeless, walking the streets of Manhattan, sleeping on benches." In the late 1990s, he left New York City and settled in Atlanta. According to interviews with Dumile, he was also "recovering from his wounds" and swearing revenge "against the industry that so badly deformed him." ''Black Bastards'' had become bootlegged at the time, leading to Doom's rise in the underground hip hop scene.

Birth of MF Doom

In 1997, Dumile began freestyling incognito at open-mic events at the Nuyorican Poets Café in Manhattan, obscuring his face by putting a stocking over his head. He meanwhile had taken on a new identity, MF Doom, patterned after and wearing a mask similar to that of Marvel Comics super-villain Doctor Doom, who is depicted rapping on the cover of the 1999 album ''Operation: Doomsday''. He wears this mask while performing and isn't photographed without it, except for very short glimpses in videos such as Viktor Vaughn's "Mr. Clean", "?", and in earlier photos with KMD. MF Doom's mask has undergone at least one design revision since its adoption (it is now an altered version of the mask worn by the character Maximus Decimus Meridius in the film ''Gladiator'').

Early career

Dumile released three singles on "Bobbito" García's Fondle 'Em Records, "Dead Bent", and "Greenbacks" (1997), and "The M.I.C." (1998). In 1999 Fondle 'Em released MF Doom's first full-length LP, ''Operation: Doomsday,'' which included these singles and their b-sides, and additional tracks. Dumile had used the spelling variant "M.F. DOOM" for the singles releases, but thereafter changed this to "MF DOOM".

Among the collaborators on these tracks were fellow members of the Monsta Island Czars collective (The M.I.C.), for which each artist took on the persona of a monster from the Godzilla mythos. Dumile went by the alias "King Ghidorah" (a three-headed golden dragon "space monster"), and some of his appearances on the LP are as, and are credited to this persona, instead of that of MF Doom. Dumile would revisit this character later under various name-spellings.

Guest appearances, production, and instrumental work

In the years intervening before his next full-length solo release, and continually since, Dumile has appeared on several tracks on other artists' LPs and remixes, contributed one-off tracks to compilations, and done various guest production work.

In 2002, he appeared on the Sound-Ink's Colapsus collection,on a very hard to find track titled "Monday Nite at Fluid" featuring Kurious with production by King Honey, who also produced some tracks for Dumile's album ''Vaudeville Villain''. Doom also made an appearance in "November Has Come", a track on Gorillaz's 2005 album ''Demon Days'', which reached #6 on the Billboard 200.

With few exceptions Dumile produces the instrumentation tracks for his solo releases.

Beginning in 2001, under the "Metal Fingers" moniker, Dumile began releasing his ''Special Herbs'' instrumentals series. Many of these beats can be heard as the instrumentation tracks throughout his body of work. A separate website catalogs for which tracks each instrumental has been used.

Ongoing career

In 2003, Dumile released the King Geedorah album ''Take Me to Your Leader''. Geedorah is credited as producer, but only appears as an MC on four tracks. The majority of vocal tracks feature guest MCs, and the album features several instrumental montages of sampled vocals from old movies and TV shows—a technique employed on most of Dumile's albums. Both ''Venomous Villain'' and ''Take Me to Your Leader'' feature appearances by MF Doom.

Also in 2003, Dumile released the LP ''Vaudeville Villain'' under the moniker Viktor Vaughn (another play on Doctor Doom, whose "real name" is ''Victor von'' Doom). In 2004 he released a follow-up LP, ''Venomous Villain'' (also called ''VV2'').

And, in 2004, the second MF Doom album ''MM.. Food'' was released by the Minnesota-based label Rhymesayers Entertainment.

Mainstream recognition

Doom's first commercial breakthrough came in 2004, with the album ''Madvillainy'', created with producer Madlib under the group name Madvillain. Released by Stones Throw Records, the album was a critical and commercial success. MF Doom was seen by mainstream audiences for the first time as Madvillain received publicity and acclaim in publications such as ''Rolling Stone'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'', and ''Spin''. A video for "All Caps" and a four-date U.S. tour followed the release of ''Madvillainy''. Additional videos for "Rhinestone Cowboy" and "Accordion", both directed by Andrew Gura, were released on the DVDs ''Stones Throw 101'' and ''Stones Throw 102: In Living the True Gods'', respectively.

Though still an independent artist, MF Doom took a bigger step towards the mainstream in 2005 with ''The Mouse and the Mask'', a collaboration with producer DJ Danger Mouse under the group name Danger Doom. The album, released on October 11, 2005 by Epitaph, was done in collaboration with Cartoon Network's ''Adult Swim'' and featured voice-actors and characters from its programs (mostly Aqua Teen Hunger Force). Danger Doom reached #41 on the Billboard 200. In 2006 Doom hosted the Adult Swim Christmas special and he could be seen in between shows, usually talking about what was up next, and making jokes.

2006–2009

MF Doom produced tracks for both of Ghostface Killah's 2006 albums ''Fishscale'' and ''More Fish'', and the two are currently at work on a collaboration album titled ''Swift & Changeable''. So far only one track has been released from the album, "Angels", which appeared on a ''Nature Sounds'' compilation in late 2006, and later re-released in a different fashion on Doom's 2009 album ''Born Like This''. Doom has also revealed plans for a second Madvillain album with producer Madlib, with one song, "Monkey Suite", first appearing on the Adult Swim/Stones Throw Records album ''Chrome Children'', later it appeared on ''Madvillainy 2 - The Madlib Remix''. Other potential projects mentioned by Doom include new albums from Danger Doom, KMD, as well as further albums under both his Viktor Vaughn and King Geedorah aliases. However, many such Doom projects have been rumored in recent years without materializing.

Despite no new Doom releases in 2006, Kidrobot and Stones Throw released an 8" tall Madvillain toy available to coincide with the release of the ''Chrome Children'' CD/DVD (hosted by Peanut Butter Wolf) which featured a DVD performance of Madvillain and several other Stones Throw artists. Doom also continued to work with ''Adult Swim'' doing voice-over work as Sherman the Giraffe on ''Perfect Hair Forever'', being the voice for ''The Boondocks'' ads and previews and hosting their Christmas Eve 2006 programming.

In late January 2009, Lex records confirmed Doom's new album title to be ''Born Like This'', and that the "MF" would be dropped from his name, now just "DOOM". The album was released worldwide on March 24, 2009. As a teaser, the track "Ballskin" was posted on Doom's Myspace page on January 13, 2009. Snippets of the entire album were made available for streaming on Doom's Myspace on the album's release date. The title for the album was inspired by the poem "Dinosauria, We" by 1970s and 1980s poet Charles Bukowski. Doom samples a performance of the poem by Bukowski on the track "Cellz". Previously, Doom used a Bukowski sample for a vocal interlude on 2004's "All Outta Ale. "Thom Yorke of Radiohead remixed the track "Gazillion Ear" which is available as an iTunes-only bonus track. June 26, 2009 Kurious released ''II'' which featured Doom on the song "Benetton".

Upcoming projects

On May 26, 2010, the second single for the next Madvillain album "Paper Mill" was released through Adult Swim. ''Expektoration'', a live Doom album, was released on September 14, 2010 through Gold Dust Media. In mid 2010, Doom released the mix-tape "DOOM!", a collection of greatest hits, B-sides and rareties, including the theme for the video game ''Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars'' featuring Ghostface Killah, and Biochemical Equation, featuring the RZA.

On July 27, 2011 Doom and Ghostface Killah released the track "Victory Laps" from their long awaited collaboration project ''Swift & Changeable'' on the Nature Sounds label.

DOOM has been chosen by Portishead to perform at the ATP I'll Be Your Mirror festival that they will curate in July 2011 at London's Alexandra Palace.

Live show controversy

Dumile has become infamous for allegedly sending imposters posing as himself to his live shows. Fans attribute this to his supervillain persona. Doom has countered such accusations by claiming that he lost weight and thus looked different.

Discography

1991: ''Mr. Hood'' (as Zev Love X with KMD)

1993: ''Black Bastards'' (as Zev Love X with KMD)

1999: ''Operation: Doomsday''

2000: ''MF EP'' (with MF Grimm)

2003: ''Escape from Monsta Island!'' (as King Geedorah with Monsta Island Czars)

2003: ''Take Me to Your Leader'' (as King Geedorah)

2003: ''Vaudeville Villain'' (as Viktor Vaughn)

2004: ''Madvillainy'' (with Madvillain)

2004: ''Venomous Villain'' (as Viktor Vaughn)

2004: ''Mm.. Food''

2005: ''The Mouse and the Mask'' (with DangerDoom)

2006: ''Occult Hymn'' (with DangerDoom)

2009: ''Born Like This'' (as DOOM)

References

External links

Category:1971 births Category:African American rappers Category:American voice actors Category:American people of Trinidad and Tobago descent Category:People from London Category:British people of Zimbabwean descent Category:British people of Trinidad and Tobago descent Category:Rhymesayers Entertainment Category:Rappers from Long Island Category:Members of the Nation of Gods and Earths Category:American hip hop record producers Category:English rappers Category:British rappers Category:British expatriates in the United States Category:Underground rappers Category:Living people Category:Rapping Category:Underground hip hop

da:MF DOOM de:Daniel Dumile es:MF DOOM fr:MF DOOM it:Daniel Dumile nl:Daniel Dumile no:Daniel Dumile pl:Daniel Dumile pt:MF Doom fi:MF Doom sv:Daniel Dumile tr:MF Doom

Marty Ross is a Scottish writer, best known for his audio dramas for the British Broadcasting Corporation, Big Finish Productions (for their Doctor Who series) and for the Wireless Theatre Company and 3Dhorrorfi. He is also author of the 'Tartan Noir' thriller novel Aztec Love Song. He has also had several plays performed on stage, mostly with an emphasis on Gothic horror and the surreal. He has also dramatized stories by other Scottish writers, James Hogg, Robert Louis Stevenson and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in his radio series The Darker Side of the Border. Among his acknowledged influences are the work of Hammer Films and British science fiction dramatist Nigel Kneale.

Work

Audio Dramas

2002: A Hundred Miles (BBC Radio 4) - a play set in modern Russia.

2003: The Darker Side of the Border (BBC Radio 4), three plays dramatizing Scottish horror stories: The Captain of the Polestar by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Olalla by Robert Louis Stevenson and The Brownie of the Black Haggs by James Hogg.

2004: Ghost Zone(BBC Radio 7) - a five part science fiction serial.

2005: A Breath from other Planets (BBC Radio 4) - A biographical drama about expressionist composer Arnold Schoenberg.

2007: My Blue Piano (BBC Radio 4) - Dramatising the life of expressionist poet Else Lasker-Schuler.

2007: Catch my Breath (BBC Radio 7) - 5 part gothic horror serial based on Celtic mythology.

2009: Medusa on the Beach (Wireless Theatre Company) - Black comedy about a woman who finds the head of the gorgon Medusa from Greek mythology on the beach of a British seaside town.

2010: Doctor Who: The Companion Chronicles - Night's Black Agents (Big Finish) Adventure set in 18th. century Scotland, pitting Doctor Who and companion Jamie McCrimmon against figures from Scottish romantic literature.

2010: Blood and Stone (3Dhorrorfi) - Horror drama based around the true story of Elizabeth Báthory, the notorious Hungarian 'vampire countess'.

2010: Doctor Who: Lurkers at Sunlight's Edge (Big Finish) - Adventure for Seventh Doctor and companions, reportedly influenced by work of H.P. Lovecraft.

Novels

2009: Aztec Love Song (Weathervane Press ISBN 9780956210329). Psychological thriller, set in Newton Mearns, Renfrewshire, near Glasgow where Ross grew up.

References

Category:Living people